BARRETTO, GLADIES C.

BS ARCHITECTURE 1 THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE 2

Architectural “ISM”

 ECLECTICISM
-is an architectural style that flourished in the 19th and 20th-
centuries. It refers to any design that
incorporates elements of traditional motifs and styles,
decorative aesthetics and ornaments, structural features, and so
on, that originated from other cultures or architectural periods.

 EXPRESSIONISM
-was an early 20th-century movement in art and architecture. It
developed between 1910 and 1924 among a group of architects from
European countries including Germany, Austria, and Denmark. It
was a time of great turmoil and upheaval in Europe and many of
the architects had fought on the battlefields of World War I.
Their experiences greatly impacted their work and what they
created looked like nothing that had come before it. Describing
Expressionist architecture is a challenge because each structure
is so different and is an individual statement by its creator. In
fact, Expressionism is often defined by what is it not. It's not
often symmetrical. The architects who designed Expressionist
buildings avoided traditional box shapes and resisted basing
their designs on past historical styles. They tended
toward abstraction, which means the designs weren't based on
objects or structures seen in the real world.

 CUBISM
-designed as geometrical interlocking shapes or quite simply as a
single geometrical shape. This can be seen in the buildings shown
below. Each of the buildings has a basic geometrical design,
often a cuboid shape. Simplicity is often an
overriding characteristic.

 CONSTRUCTIVISM
-was a form of modern architecture that
flourished in the Soviet Union in the 1920s
and early 1930s. It combined advanced
technology and engineering with an
avowedly Communist social purpose. Although
it was divided into several competing
factions, the movement produced many
pioneering projects and finished buildings,
before falling out of favour around 1932.
It has left marked effects on later
developments in architecture.
 FUNCTIONALISM
- definition is the idea
that architects must design a building or
structure based on what the purpose of Tomas Bata Memorial (Zlín)
that building will be, nothing more, no 1933 by František Lydie
grand ornate detail, just clean lines. Gahura
The three classic goals of architecture are utilitas, venustas,
and firmitas, or utility, beauty, and firmness.

 BRUTALISM
- is recognizable by prominence of raw building materials.
Typical features include: Unadorned, flat, usually concrete,
exteriors. Windows are holes in the wall, versus the continuous
outer skin of International style buildings.
- an architectural style which emerged in
the mid-20th century and gained popularity
in the late 1950s and 1960s. It descended
from the modernist architectural
movement of the late 19th century and of
the first half of 20th century, and is
characterized by simple, block-like
structures that often feature bare building
materials. Exposed concrete is favored in
construction; however, some examples are
primarily made of brick. Though beginning
in Europe, Brutalist architecture can now
be found around the world. The style has
been most commonly used in the design of Trellick Tower, London,
institutional buildings, such as libraries, 1966–1972, designed by Ernő
courts, public housing and city halls. Goldfinger, is a Grade II* listed
building