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Standard Chemical component (maximum weight %)

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EN 10088-2 1.4003 0.03 1.0 1.5 10.5~12.5 0.3~1.0 0.03

ASTM A240 - UNS / S41003 0.03 1.0 1.5 10.5~12.5 1.5 0.03
JIS G 4305 SUS 410L 0.03 1.0 1.0 11.0~13.5
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7
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8
>cheZXi^dcd[8DG"I:ClV\dchWVX`^ci]Z&.-%h!]dlZkZg!
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Y^hX]Vg\ZYddgh#

Discharge door in open position.

Wagon originally painted white, hence unusual appearance.

Discharge door in open position – interior.

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[Vi^\jZ"gZaViZYdglZaY"gZaViZYYZ[ZXih#

9
 L?;MFE?DJ

K^Zled^ci
IgVchcZiGV^a:c\^cZZg^c\!H6[g^XV

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K^Zled^ci
HDJI=6;G>86

LV\dcnHl^Yc^XVH6!EdaVcY
“We use utility steel in the manufacture of coal wagons, 8E=:7D;DEM;BB;
iron ore wagons and commuter coaches. Our current
EJG8=6H>C<B6C6<:G
usage is some 8,000 tons/annum. In total, some
L6<DCNHL>9C>86H6
10,000 or more wagons have been built so far, using
EDA6C9
about 10 tons each, in just over 20 years.
 ¹?MJ]QT\\PMÅZ[\]\QTQ\a[\MMTKWIT_IOWV[QV! 
J]\ ^WT]UM UIV]NIK\]ZM WVTa JMOIV QV !! 6W_ “My company has used utility stainless steels in hopper
for coal wagons and rebuilding commuter coaches, we wagons for the UK market, designed to transport coal.
use exclusively utility steel. For the total South African At that time, stainless steel represented about 7 percent
wagon market, including iron ore and general freight, of our total consumption. We introduced this grade
it’s currently about 30 percent. in 2000, because of the nature of the product to be
“Technical support from the steel producer allowed transported and to meet the customer’s requirements.
us to convert to utility steel with a minimum of “We found that using this material, as opposed to
LQNÅK]T\QM[ <PM UIRWZ XZWJTMU _Q\P \PM[M [\MMT[ Q[ carbon steel, meant we had to polish the discoloured
variable springback during bending. Another factor we areas around welds and protect these areas with a
overcame was control of heat input during welding. special product. It was also necessary to use a special
 ¹+7:<-6\PMUI\MZQIT_M][MLJMNWZMWVTaTI[\ML weld wire and special tools to avoid contact with carbon
about 8 years before corrosion problems necessitated steel. And we had to develop a new system for stocking
rebuilding. The improved corrosion resistance of utility materials.
steel is such that there’s been no meaningful loss of steel “We had no complaints from the customer about
thickness after over 20 years in service. This eliminates quality. Delivery was on time and we had no problems
the need for a ‘corrosion allowance’. Slideability in terms of the material’s availability.”
improvement, particularly in bottom-discharge wagons,
Q[IT[WI[]J[\IV\QITJMVMÅ\\WMVL][MZ[
“The overwhelming improvement in performance
provided by utility steel in these applications is so clear
that no rigorous LCC analysis has been necessary for
our customers. An intuitive assessment tells you that
]\QTQ\a[\MMTWNNMZ[UI[[Q^M4++JMVMÅ\[<PM[M[\MMT[IZM
the ‘best of both worlds’, since they provide a solution to
the corrosion and slideability problems of carbon steels
and deliver great performance at much lower cost than
traditional stainless steels.”

10
 K^Zled^ci

8CGF>F>=6GGV^alVnGdaa^c\HidX`<gdje8d#AiY!EG8
     B?7DOEKOK
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8CGF>F>=6GG6>AL6N
GDAA>C<HID8@<GDJE8D#AI9
E:DEA:ÉHG:EJ7A>8D;8=>C6

“My company uses utility stainless steel strip and plate

K^Zled^ci in railway wagons for transporting coal from mines. We
ÅZ[\ JMKIUM QV\MZM[\ML QV ][QVO [\IQVTM[[ [\MMT NWZ KWIT
wagons in 2003 and started using strip in 2005. Our
use of utility stainless steel in wagons represents only a
     F7KBC?9>;BB small part in relation to carbon steel but it is increasing
rapidly. For example, our consumption went from about
FG8dVaLV\dch!6jhigVa^V

EGD9J8IB6C6<:G
;A6IEGD9J8IH
20,000 tons in 2006 to about 30,000 tons in 2007.
H6C9K>@6JHIG6A>6
We started using utility stainless steel plate in 2008.
“Our main reason for using the material is the current
6JHIG6A>6
requirement for higher capacity in rail freight transport.
Stainless steel’s mechanical strength has allowed us to
 ¹;IVL^QS )][\ZITQI K]ZZMV\Ta []XXTQM[ IJW]\ 
increase the capacity of our coal wagons from 60 tons
metric tons of stainless steel a year to numerous market
to 80 tons. On the evidence of wagons produced so far,
segments, including transportation, environmental
utility stainless steel’s high strength, weldability and
technology, the petrochemicals industry, oil & gas and
excellent corrosion-resistance are obvious advantages.
general fabrication. Utility stainless steel represents
More time is required for the maintenance-cost gains to
IJW]\XMZKMV\Ja^WT]UM
become clearer.
 ¹?M[\IZ\ML][QVOQ\IZW]VL!!\WUMM\I[XMKQÅK
“We have no problems working with utility
need in the transportation market. It meant we could
stainless, though we had to invest in new manufacturing
provide end-users with a superior product in terms of
equipment and learn how to use this material. For the
mechanical properties and weldability.
customer, the investment cost of stainless steel wagons
Our customers had no production problems and were
is greater than carbon steel but more can be transported
very happy with this ferritic grade. In the beginning,
than with a carbon steel wagon. So our customers are
much analysis was carried out when making the change
happy with stainless steel wagons and are gathering
from carbon steel for rail cars. Utility stainless steel
operational data for LCC analysis.”
\]ZVMLW]\\WXZW^QLM[QOVQÅKIV\»\W\ITKW[\¼[I^QVO[W^MZ
carbon steel and was more suitable than aluminium.
“Sandvik Australia has been successful in supplying
these types of stainless steel over many years, as customers
recognise the value in working with them.

11
 J>;J;IJE<J?C;

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J>;BED=#J;HCIEBKJ?ED
6hlZ]VkZhZZc!ji^a^inhiV^caZhhhiZZah]VkZ[djcYZmiZch^kZ
jhZ ^c bVcn bViZg^Vah"]VcYa^c\ hZXidgh! ^cXajY^c\ XdVa
ZmigVXi^dcVcYigVchedgiVi^dc#
:mVbeaZhXdjaYWZX^iZYd[XdVaeaVciZfj^ebZcii]Vi]Vh
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12
KA9E7BM7=ED
6[iZghdbZnZVghd[jhZ!VX]ZX`dci]Zji^a^inhiV^caZhhhiZZa
d[ l]^X] i]^h J@ XdVa lV\dc ^h bVYZ gZkZVaZY ÆZmXZaaZciÇ ;gdbV
eZg[dgbVcXZ# I]Z lV\dc lVh XdchigjXiZY [dg :LH! i]Z
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>C9JHIG>6AEGD8:HHB6C6<:G
IG6CHC:IG6>A:C<>C::G>C<
HDJI=6;G>86

“Using utility stainless steels in freight wagons certainly

?HEDEH;?DEP
I]^h^gdcdgZlV\dc!deZgVi^c\^c6jhigVa^V!lVhXdchigjXiZY
jh^c\ ]di gdaaZY cdi YZhXVaZY ji^a^in hiV^caZhh hiZZa!
dg ZXdcdbn# E^X`aZY hiV^caZhh hiZZa ^h cdi cZXZhhVgn
]ZgZ! WZXVjhZ i]Z Veea^XVi^dc XVjhZh i]Z lV\dc id
Y^hXdadjg fj^X`an# NZVgh aViZg! i]Z hiZZa h]dlh cd [jgi]Zg
YZ\gVYVi^dc#
solves corrosion and abrasion problems. This material
also behaves well in fabrication and assembly. There may,
however, be slight issues with shrinkage due to welding.
“Perhaps this doesn’t matter in your assembly process,
J]\Q\KIVINNMK\\PMÅ\\QVO\WOM\PMZWN [MK\QWV[?MNW]VL
a solution recently, during manufacture of passenger
rail coaches designed to be assembled from accurately-
fabricated modular elements.
“If need be, we recommend introducing a recording
process to monitor pre-weld and post-weld panel sizes.
Should this system pick up any out-of-tolerance sizes
after welding, the jigs can be adjusted to compensate. It is
also advisable to reduce the risk of distortion by designing
panels to minimise the heat input required during the
welding process.
“This is not a big issue, however, and welding is
otherwise straightforward. We weld manually with the
51/XZWKM[[][QVO!4WZ!4;[WTQL_QZMQVLQX
transfer or spray mode.”

B_\[9oYb[CW_dj[dWdY[e\9EH#J;DlKj_b_joIjW_db[iiIj[[b
Carbon steel (COR-TEN)

Years in service 0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42

Sides Replace

Ends Paint Paint Paint Replace Paint Paint Paint Scrap

Bellies Paint Paint Replace Paint Paint Replace Paint Scrap

Daysout of service 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

Utility stainless steel

Years in service 0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42
Inspection Inspection Inspection Inspection Inspection Inspection Inspection

Days out of service 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

13
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14
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Frames, Type 410

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