Introduction to

Cloud Computing
Introduction to
Cloud Computing
Trainer’s Guide

© 2014 Aptech Limited

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Edition 1 - 2014
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and design of Assessment
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“Any expansion is life
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“
 Preface

The Trainer’s Guide for Introduction to Cloud Computing provides an overview of cloud computing.
It defines and describes the term, cloud computing. It also explores various cloud delivery models and
cloud deployment models.

The faculty/trainer should teach the concepts in the theory class using the slides. This Trainer’s Guide
will provide guidance on the flow of the session and also provide tips and additional examples wherever
necessary. The trainer can ask questions to make the session interactive and also to test the understanding
of the students.

This book is the result of a concentrated effort of the Design Team, which is continuously striving to bring
you the best and the latest in Information Technology. The process of design has been a part of the ISO
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this team does intensive research and curriculum enrichment to keep it in line with industry trends.

We will be glad to receive your suggestions.

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“Learning how to learn is
“
life’s most important skill
 Table of Contents

Sessions
1. Introduction to Cloud Computing
“
Knowing is not enough
we must apply;
“
Willing is not enough,
we must do
 Introduction to Cloud Computing

Session 1 – Introduction to Cloud

Computing
1.1 Pre-Class Activities
Before you commence the session, you should familiarize yourself with the topics of the current
session in depth. Prepare a question or two which will be a key point to relate the current
session objectives.

1.1.1 Objectives
By the end of this session, the learners will be able to:
 Describe the evolution of cloud computing.
 Explain the advantages of cloud computing.
 State the characteristics of cloud computing.
 Describe the cloud delivery models.
 Define and describe SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS.
 Describe the cloud deployment models.

1.1.2 Teaching Skills

To teach this session successfully, you must know the basics of cloud computing concepts. You
should be aware of how cloud computing evolved, its characteristics, and advantages. You also
need to be familiar with various cloud delivery models and deployment models.

You should teach the concepts in the theory class using slides and LCD projectors.

Tips:
It is recommended that you test the understanding of the students by asking questions in
between the class.

In-Class Activities:

Follow the order as given here for the In-Class activities.

Overview of the Session:

Give the students a brief overview of the current session in the form of session objectives.
Show the students slide 2 of the presentation. Tell them that they will be introduced to cloud
computing and its basic concepts.

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 Introduction to Cloud Computing

1.2 In-Class Explanations

Slide 3

Define cloud computing.

Definition of Cloud Computing

Cloud computing is an approach enabling…

… on-demand access through Internet to

computing capabilities and resources…

…like networks, servers, applications, and

services

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Before proceeding with this slide, discuss some real world examples and analogies of cloud
computing. For example, you can ask students if they have used services such as Gmail, Flickr,
Picassa, and so on. Tell the students that to use these services, an end user does not need
anything other than a browser. No additional software installation is required. Also, once they
create an account, the service can be accessed from anywhere, anytime. Tell them that these
services are an example of cloud computing services. Then, define cloud computing using slide
3.

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 Introduction to Cloud Computing

Additional Information

For more information to introduce cloud computing, refer to the following links:

https://developers.google.com/appengine/training/intro/whatiscc
http://south.cattelecom.com/rtso/.../CloudComputing/0071626948_chap01.pdf
http://cloudtweaks.com/2012/08/cloud-computing-basics-for-beginners-and-non-experts/

Slide 4
Explain the concept of cloud computing.

Evolution of Cloud Computing 1-5

Cloud computing - an emerging technology
trend in the development world

Involves delivery of software, platforms, and

infrastructure as services through the Internet
or networks

(C) Aptech Limited

Using slide 4, mention that cloud computing is an emerging technology trend in the
development world. Explain that it delivers software, platforms, and infrastructure in the form
of services through the Internet or networks.
Additional Information
For more information, refer to the following links:
https://developers.google.com/appengine/training/intro/whatiscc
http://south.cattelecom.com/rtso/.../CloudComputing/0071626948_chap01.pdf
http://cloudtweaks.com/2012/08/cloud-computing-basics-for-beginners-and-non-experts/

©Aptech Limited
 Introduction to Cloud Computing

Slides 5 to 7
Explain the evolution of cloud computing.

Evolution of Cloud Computing 2-5

Main issues faced by the computing world today

Server and infrastructure costs increasing day by day

Computing power and resources under-utilized in non peak

time

Environmental damage due to increase in hardware

Solution to such issues is Virtualization

Virtual Server
Virtual Server

(C) Aptech Limited Physical Server

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 Introduction to Cloud Computing

Evolution of Cloud Computing 3-5

Virtualization - Process of creating a virtual
version of an Operating System (OS), a
server, or network resources

Using virtualization, you can host multiple

operating systems at the same time on a
single machine

A virtualized server – 50%-80% utilization

Using virtualization - cut costs for hardware

acquisition, maintenance, energy and cooling
system usage

Virtualization - many benefits, but not enough

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Evolution of Cloud Computing 4-5

Virtualization alone could not fulfill the growing demands of
businesses

This led to Utility computing

In utility computing, software is used like utilities, on a pay and

use basis

With time, utility computing paved the way for cloud computing

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Explain an example scenario to the students to introduce the concept of virtualization as

follows:
During the month of March, the Income Tax department is flooded with heavy

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 Introduction to Cloud Computing

workload. However, during the rest of the year, the workload is less. As a result,
resources, servers, and computing power are under-utilized. Apart from these issues
faced by the Income Tax Department, there can be several more.
Using slide 5, summarize briefly the main issues faced by the computing world today. Mention
to the students that cloud computing evolved from virtualization.
Then define, what is meant by virtualization using slide 6. Explain that Virtualization is the
process of creating a virtual version of an Operating System, a server, or network resources.
Using virtualization, you can host multiple Operating Systems at the same time on a single
machine.
The benefit of virtualization is that it offers higher server utilization. A traditional application
server may have just 5% to 10% utilization, whereas virtualized servers can reach 50% to 80%
utilization.
Tell the students that using virtualization can reduce your costs. By hosting more virtualized
instances on fewer physical servers, you can lower costs for hardware acquisition,
maintenance, energy and cooling system usage.
Using slide 7, explain that virtualization alone could not fulfill the growing demands of
businesses. Soon, utility computing emerged. Explain to the students that in Utility computing,
software is used like utilities, on a pay and use basis.

Finally, mention that, with time, utility computing paved the way for cloud computing.

Additional Information
For more information on utility computing and virtualization, refer to the following links:

http://computer.howstuffworks.com/utility-computing.htm
http://thoughtsoncloud.com/2014/03/a-brief-history-of-cloud-computing/

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 Introduction to Cloud Computing

Slide 8
Mention examples for cloud computing.

Evolution of Cloud Computing 5-5

Today, there are several cloud applications available for consumers
such as Gmail and others

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Using slide 8, mention that today, there are several cloud applications available for consumers.
For example, Gmail provides e-mail as well as Web based chat facilities, without requiring any
installation. There are numerous such cloud applications available today.
You can tell the students that Facebook, Twitter, Skype, Box.net, and YouTube are other
examples of cloud computing services.

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 Introduction to Cloud Computing

Slide 9

Explain Cloud Desktop OS.

Cloud Desktop OS
Cloud Operating System or Cloud OS
Internet based OS that can be accessed anytime from
any desktop
No worries about hard disk space as data will be stored
on the cloud

Google Chrome and EyeOS are examples of such Internet

based operating systems

*All the logos are registered symbols of the respective companies

(C) Aptech Limited

Explain to the students using slide 9 that a cloud Operating System or Cloud OS, is an Internet
based OS, that can be accessed anytime from any desktop. With a cloud based Operating
System, you don’t have to worry about hard disk space on your machine as the data will be
stored on the cloud. Google Chrome and EyeOS are examples of such Internet based operating
systems.

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 Introduction to Cloud Computing

Slides 10 to 14

Advantages of Cloud Computing 1-5

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Advantages of Cloud Computing 2-5

Elasticity
Ability to scale the infrastructure up
or down on the fly

 One of the biggest

advantages of cloud computing

 Cloud applications scale

horizontally by adding more
machines in a cluster

(C) Aptech Limited

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 Introduction to Cloud Computing

Advantages of Cloud Computing 3-5

Failover Capabilities

Failover - feature enabling tasks to

be delegated to a standby system
in case of server failure or pre-
planned downtime

Cloud computing offers strong

failover capabilities

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Advantages of Cloud Computing 4-5

Data Redundancy

Customer data is maintained

over multiple remote data
centers in the cloud

Hence, if there is a loss of data

at one data center you always
have a backup in another
data center

(C) Aptech Limited

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 Introduction to Cloud Computing

Advantages of Cloud Computing 5-5

Cost Savings

Power Savings

Eco-friendly Support

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Inform the students that they will now see some of the advantages of cloud computing through
slides 10 to 14.

Slide 11 describes elasticity. One of the biggest advantages of cloud computing is elasticity.
Now what is elasticity? Elasticity is the ability to scale the infrastructure up or down on the fly.
Let us understand about Elasticity in detail. For example, companies often have no way to
predict whether their customer base is going to grow or shrink. If they map their infrastructure
to a very large potential customer base, but the growth does not reach that level, then the huge
infrastructure is a waste. On the other hand, if companies underestimate their growth and plan
for a small infrastructure, they could lose potential customers. What is required in such
scenarios is the capability to scale the infrastructure up or down depending on the demand of
the hour. This capability is called elasticity and is one of the biggest advantages of cloud
computing.
While traditional applications scale vertically, by buying larger and more powerful machines,
cloud applications scale horizontally. How? By adding more machines in a cluster.
Slide 12 describes failover capabilities. It is a key advantage offered by cloud computing. What
do you understand by failover capability? It is a feature that enables tasks to be automatically
delegated to a standby system in case of server failure or pre-planned downtime.
Slide 13 discusses data redundancy as another advantage. Using this, the customer data is
maintained over multiple remote data centers in the cloud. This is an advantage because, if
there is a loss of data at one data center you always have a backup in another data center.

©Aptech Limited
 Introduction to Cloud Computing

There are several other advantages, as discussed on slide 14. With cloud computing,
enterprises may use minimal infrastructure locally, thus saving on power and hardware costs.
Also, as the carbon footprints left behind on the planet is reduced because of less number of
individual machines at the local end, environmental damage is also reduced. Local software
licenses would not be required as cloud services are Web-based, thus reducing costs. Finally,
mention that cloud computing is also eco-friendly because lesser carbon footprints are
generated.
To summarize,
 Elasticity is the ability to scale the infrastructure as per need.
 Cloud computing offers strong failover capabilities. Failover is a feature enabling a standby
system to take over in case of server failure or downtime.
 Cloud service providers maintain backups of customer data. Nearly zero capital
expenditure, zero maintenance costs and pay per usage scheme result in cost savings.
 Less hardware means less power consumed, and hence more power savings. Less hardware
consumption also means more eco-friendliness.
Some companies that benefited by using cloud computing include Coca Cola, Nikon, GE, British
Telecom, NASDAQ, and many more.

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 Introduction to Cloud Computing

Slide 15

Characteristics of Cloud Computing

User Centric Task Centric

Powerful Programmable
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Using slide 5, explain that some fundamental characteristics commonly offered by cloud
computing systems are as follows:
 User Centric: When a user is connected to a cloud, the data, application and services
offered by the cloud are available to the user. The user can not only use but also share them
with others and collaborate on shared applications.
 Task Centric: Instead of just focusing on the application and its capabilities, the focus has
shifted to what a user needs and how it can be done by the application.
 Powerful: Multiple resources together create a vast pool of computing power.
 Programmable: Computing power and data are now distributed across the cloud. Hence,
even if one computer hosting a module becomes non-functional, its task can be
automatically moved to another computer in the cloud.
Additional Information

For more information on characteristics of cloud-computing, refer to the following links:

http://erpbloggers.com/2013/07/the-five-essential-characteristics-of-cloud-computing/
http://www.saga.rs/en/products-solutions/virtualization/key-characteristics-of-cloud-
computing.html

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 Introduction to Cloud Computing

Slide 16

Highlight the key major players in cloud computing market.

Key Market Players of Cloud Computing

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Using slide 16, state that Amazon, Salesforce, Microsoft, and Google are the foremost vendors
of cloud computing solutions today.

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 Introduction to Cloud Computing

Slide 17
Explain Amazon EC2.

Amazon 1-5
Amazon offers many cloud computing products as part of
Amazon Web Services

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud also called as EC2 enables you

to create virtual computers or instances in the Amazon cloud

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Amazon offers many cloud computing products as part of Amazon Web Services. The Amazon
Elastic Compute Cloud also known as EC2 enables you to create virtual computers or instances
in the Amazon Cloud. Using slide 17, explain Amazon EC2.
Additional Information:

For more information on Amazon EC2, refer to the following link:

http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/

©Aptech Limited
 Introduction to Cloud Computing

Slide 18

Explain Amazon S3.

Amazon 2-5
Amazon provides Simple Storage Service also
called as S3

Amazon S3 – Is a storage service to store files in

the cloud

Mozilla FireFox provides an add-on called S3

Organizer to work with Amazon S3

(C) Aptech Limited

After creating a server or instance on the Amazon cloud and connecting to the server present in
Amazon, you want to store files, how would you store files in the cloud similar to storing files
on your local machine?
Using slide 18, explain Amazon S3 to the students. Amazon Simple Storage Service, also called
as S3, provides you storage facilities on the Amazon cloud. S3 is nothing but a storage service
provided by Amazon where we store our files in the cloud.
There are several interfaces to work with S3. Mozilla Firefox provides an add-on called S3
Organizer that enables you to work with Amazon S3.
Additional Information:

For more information on Amazon S3, refer to the following link:

http://aws.amazon.com/s3/

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 Introduction to Cloud Computing

Slides 19 to 21

Explain creating instances using Amazon EC2.

Amazon 3-5
You can create an instance with Amazon EC2, connect to it,
and configure it with a custom environment

However, when you log off, all your configuration settings will
be lost

Each you log in, you have to recreate the entire environment
settings

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Amazon 4-5

To overcome this problem, a

machine image of the server
known as Amazon Machine
Image is saved

The advantage of this is that we

can launch an instance later
with the same environment
settings

(C) Aptech Limited

©Aptech Limited
 Introduction to Cloud Computing

Amazon 5-5
By default, a Web based interface is used to create
servers or instances in the Amazon cloud

However, Amazon EC2 also provides us with

command line tools to perform the same tasks from
command prompt
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Using slides 19 to 21, explain about creating and configuring instances of Amazon EC2. Describe
about the AMI, the Web interface, and the command line tools used to create EC2 instances.

Additional Information:

For more information on working with Amazon EC2, refer the following links:

http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/get-set-up-for-amazon-ec2.html
http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/ec2-launch-instance_linux.html
http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/ec2-connect-to-instance-linux.html

©Aptech Limited
 Introduction to Cloud Computing

Slide 22

Explain cloud delivery models.

Cloud Delivery Models

Delivery models also called as layers in the cloud
stack deliver software, application platforms, and
infrastructure as cloud services

Software as a Service (SaaS)

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

(C) Aptech Limited

Using slide 22, explain that there are three delivery models (also called layers in a cloud stack) that
deliver software, application platforms, and infrastructure respectively:

 SaaS: End users or consumers can make use of applications that are available as services on
demand. The consumer does not have any control over the hardware, software, or operating system
being used.
 PaaS: In PaaS, a hosting environment or platform is provided to the consumer using which
applications can be deployed to the cloud. The consumer can control the platform to an extent but
does not have any control over the hardware, software, or operating system being used.
 IaaS: Using IaaS, the consumer can rent computing power, storage, networks, and other computing
resources. The consumer can control the hardware, software or operating system being used.

In all the three models, the pricing structure is on a pay-as-you-use basis.

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 Introduction to Cloud Computing

Slides 23 to 25

SaaS
Traditionally, organizations followed a standard
approach:

acquire licensed software, install it, and then maintain and

upgrade the software when new versions arrive in the market

Organization

Acquire, Install, Upgrade,

and Maintain Software

(C) Aptech Limited

SaaS
Software and functionality as a
Web service

Pay-as-you-use pricing model

Software present in the cloud

can be used when required,
without the need for any local
licenses or installation

Costs much lesser than actual

licenses

(C) Aptech Limited

©Aptech Limited
 Introduction to Cloud Computing

SaaS
Cloud computing –
Convergence of three major trends
Virtualization
Utility Computing
SaaS

SaaS examples

- Google Docs and Gmail

(C) Aptech Limited

Using slide 23, explain SaaS. SaaS is a delivery model that provides access to software and its
functionality as a Web service through the Internet on demand.

Explain that traditionally, organizations follow a standard approach to work with documents, data, or to
develop business applications. They acquire licensed software, purchase the necessary operating
system, hardware and other resources, and then install the software. From time to time, the licensed
software (and hardware) may require maintenance and upgradation. All these activities consume time,
money, and effort in the long run.

Mention to the students that this led to the emergence of SaaS, a software delivery model in which
applications hosted by a vendor are available to end users through the Internet. Discuss the points given
on slide 24. Inform the students that the fees for SaaS applications or services are subscription based
monthly fees, a pay-as-you-use model, which costs much lesser than actual licenses. Using slide 25,
explain that SaaS is a merger of three popular trends. Also, mention that Google Docs and Gmail are
some of the most well-known examples of SaaS.

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 Introduction to Cloud Computing

Slide 26

Explain Paas.

PaaS
Platform as a Service

Developer-created applications are

deployed on the cloud

Scaling the platform or runtime

environment

Similar to SaaS, pricing structure is pay-

as-you-use

PaaS example - Microsoft Windows

Azure and Google App Engine

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Explain using slide 26 to the students that PaaS is a delivery model that provides a platform as a service
through the Internet or a network, enabling developers to deploy their applications on the cloud.

Explain that a PaaS vendor provides a platform as a service through the Internet or a network. PaaS
enables customer-created applications to be deployed on the cloud. It offers on-demand elasticity,
scaling the platform, or runtime environment up or down as required.

Mention that PaaS is also called as cloudware because it moves resources from desktop PCs to the
Internet cloud.

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 Introduction to Cloud Computing

Slide 27

Explain IaaS.

IaaS
Infrastructure as a Service

Provides
Processing capabilities
Storage
Networks

Is elastic and available on-demand

Access the remote machines on the cloud

through Amazon Machine Images (AMIs)

Similar to SaaS and IaaS- pricing structure is

pay-as-you-use

IaaS example - Amazon EC2 and Amazon S3

(C) Aptech Limited

Explain using slide 27 that IaaS is a delivery model that provides processing capabilities, storage, and
networking components through the Internet. An IaaS vendor provides you the infrastructure you need
for developing your applications, such as network, processing capabilities, and data storage. This
infrastructure is elastic and available on-demand. With the IaaS model, a customer could be anyone
who needs a development environment, hardware, and network resources for creating software.

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 Introduction to Cloud Computing

Slides 28 to 30

Describe the cloud deployment models.

Cloud Deployment Models

Determines how the cloud computing environment will be
deployed

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Private Cloud
Cloud infrastructure is private to an organization

Enterprise-owned or leased

May be hosted, managed by an organization

(C) Aptech Limited

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 Introduction to Cloud Computing

Public Cloud
Visible to the public or large enterprises

Available to clients from a third party service

provider through the Internet

(C) Aptech Limited

Using slide 28, inform the students that the cloud deployment model determines how the cloud
computing environment will be deployed.

Then using slides 29 and 30, explain the two cloud deployment models:

Private Cloud:

In this deployment model, the cloud infrastructure is private to an organization. A private cloud may be
hosted and managed by an organization inside an organization’s firewall or may even be off the
premises.

In a private cloud, data and processes are managed at data centers within the organization without the
restrictions of network bandwidth and security exposures. This improves security and reliability because
the access to the infrastructure is restricted.

Public Cloud:

In this deployment model, the cloud services are available on a pay-and-use basis to all Internet users or
to a large organization. These services are provided by third party service providers or vendors through
the Internet.

Public clouds provide a flexible and cost effective way to deploy solutions. The cost of infrastructure and
deployment of applications is distributed among all users, providing each user the benefit of “pay-as-
you-go” model. Each user pays only for his/her usage of computing resources that are provided by the
vendor.

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 Introduction to Cloud Computing

Slide 31

Summarize the session.

Summary
 Cloud Computing enables on-demand access
through Internet or a network to computing
capabilities and resources.
 SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS are three models to deliver
cloud services, application platforms, or
infrastructure.
 There are two cloud deployment models namely
private and public.

(C) Aptech Limited

Using slide 31, you will end the session, with a brief summary of what has been taught in the
session. Explain each of the following points in brief. Tell them that:
 Cloud Computing enables on-demand access through Internet or a network to computing
capabilities and resources.
 SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS are three models to deliver cloud services, application platforms, or
infrastructure.
 There are two cloud deployment models namely private and public

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 Introduction to Cloud Computing

1.3 Post Class Activities for Faculty

You should explore and identify the OnlineVarsity accessories and components that are offered
with the session.

Tips:

You can also check the Articles/Blogs/Expert Videos uploaded on the OnlineVarsity site to gain
additional information related to the topics covered in the next session. You can also connect to
online tutors on the OnlineVarsity site to ask queries related to the sessions.

You can also put a few questions to students to search additional information, such as:
1. What are the various challenges and threats to cloud computing?
2. Give an example or a scenario where PaaS can be used.

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