SA 19 21 XI Physics Unit-3 PDF

Waves and
Thermodynamics UNIT 3
1. Answer (2)
fR 124.5 124.5  ( 402  273 )R

Cv   
2 n 4.2  10 5  80  10 3
 f=5
2. Answer (1)
When P = constant, V  T
V T 5
  
V T 298
5
% increase =  100  1.68 %
298
2a. Answer (2) [JEE (Main)-2017]

n1 = initial number of moles;
5
PV
1 1 10  30 3
n1 =   1.24  10
RT1 8.3  290
n2 = final number of moles
5
P2V2 10  30 3
=   1.20  10
RT2 8.3  300
Change of number of molecules

nf – ni = (n2 – n1) × 6.023 × 1023
 – 2.5 × 1025
3. Answer (2)
T2 60  273
 1
T1  0.38  1  T1
 T1  537 K = 264°C
4. Answer (1)
4
P 2
V 
1  
 2
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92 Waves and Thermodynamics Success Achiever (Part-I) (Solutions)
4
When V = 4 m3, P = N/m2
5
4
3 4 3 300
3PV 5
vrms =     150  5 6 m/s
m 2  32  10 3 20  10 3 2
5. Answer (1)
m
PV  RT
M
V RT
   constant
m PM
V1 V
  2 2V1 = V2
m/2 m
V1 V1 1
Fraction = V  V  V  2V  3 rd
1 2 1 1
6. Answer (3)
As the temperature is constant
Patm V1 = (Patm + 20)V2
 Patm (V1 – V2) = 20V2
20V2 20  180 20  180

 Patm     72 cm of Hg
V1  V2 230  180 50
7. Answer (3)
1kg 1kg 1kg

+ +
Ice Water Steam
0°C 100°C 100°C

First of all, we convert all ice water and steam into water at 0°C. In this process, net heat taken
Q = –(1 × 80) + (1 × 1 × 100) + (1 × 540 + 1 × 1 × 100)
= (–80 + 100 + 640) kcal
Q = 660 kcal
Total mass = 3 kg
Water °C Water(100°C) Steam(100°C)

Water
Water + Steam
Q=0 Q = 3 × 1 × 100 Q = 300 + 3 × 540

m = 3 kg = 300 kcal = 300 + 1620
= 1920 kcal
360 2
Final composition will have water + steam at 100°C. Amount of steam ms  kg = kg
540 3
7
Amount of water mw  kg
3
Success Achiever (Part-I) (Solutions) Waves and Thermodynamics 93

100 × 0.1 × (t – 75) = 100 × 0.1 × 45 + 170 × 1 × 45
10t – 750 = 450 + 7650
10t = 1200 + 7650
10t = 8850
t = 885°C
8. Answer (1)

P
T2
RT 
 2 [for one mole]
V T
V T2

RT 
R 3
V  T

R
dv   3T 2dT

R 
PdV   3T 2 dT  2
 T
PdV  3RdT
For n mole PdV = 3nRdT
W 2T0
 PdV   3RndT
0 T0
W  3RnT0
9. Answer (4)
By conservation of energy,
5 3 f
P0V  P0V  P (V  V )
2 2 2
nHe  3  nH2  5 4  3  3  5 27
Here f = average degrees of freedom = = 
nHe  nH2 43 7
10. Answer (1)

Total mass = 6.0 grams
1 R T
MV 2  5  n1  n2 
2 2
where n1 and n2 are no. of moles of oxygen and nitrogen.
1  3.2 2.8  R T
 6  103  100  5 
2

2  32 28  2
5  0.2  8.31  T
30 
2
6 o
T  C  7.23 o C
0.831
10a. Answer (1) (AIEEE 2011)
1 n  RT
Mv 2 
2 (   1)
Mv 2 (   1)
 T 
2R
11. Answer (1)

L = L
 l = L
Q Q
Now,   
mC ALC
Q AlC
l  L  Q 
ALC 

F = nmvcos × 2
F 2.nmv cos 
P 
A A
2  1023  3.32  10 27  103

 N/m2
2  2  10 4
= 2.35 × 103 N/m2
12. Answer (3)

U = 2 + 3 PV
U = 2 + 3nRT
U 1 U
  3nR   3R
T n T
 Cv  3R
13. Answer (2)

l = (l11 + l22)t = (50 × 2.0 × 10–5 + 50 × 1.2 × 10–5)200

t
l0
t0 = 2 = 2
g
S=
l0 (1  T )
t = 2 = 2 (1+T)1/2 = 2 + T 
g
T
t – t0 = T  t = T
13b. Answer (3) [JEE (Main)-2017]
P
K=
 V 
– V 
 
V P
=
V K  = 3
 V = V0 (1 + t)
V
V0 = t
P P P
 = t  t = =
K K 3 K
14. Answer (2)
1
Initial K.E = × m × (400)2 = 80000 m joule
2
m = mass of bullet
increase in P.E. = m × 10 × 500 = 5000 m
remaining K.E = 75000 m joule = 7.5 m × 104 joule
Heat required to increase the temperature of bullet from 27°C to 327°C.
= m × 125 × 300
= m × (3.75 × 104) joule
= 3.75 m × 104 joule
Remaining heat = 0.6 × 7.5m × 104 – 3.75m × 104 joule
= 4.5 m × 104 – 3.75 m × 104
= 0.75 m × 104 joule
Suppose m0 kg of bullet converts into liquid
0.75 m × 104 = m0 × 2.5 × 104
m0 = 0.3 m kg
0.3m
% mass converted into liquid =  100  30%
m
15. Answer (2)

Power required = Rate of heat loss = eA (T4 – T04), where A = 4r2
16. Answer (1)
T 2V  constant
PV
T 
R
P 2V 2
 V  constant
R2
P 2V 3  constant
3
PV 2
 constant
2
PV x  constant
3
x
2
R R
C 
r  1 1 x
R R R  1   1  2r  2   3  2r 
C    2R  R   2  R    R 
r 1 3 r 1  r 1   r 1   r 1 
1
2
17. Answer (4)
2l 8l
Thermal resistance R1  
(k / 4)A kA
l R R T  R2T1 16T2  T1
R2   1;T  1 2 =
2kA 16 R1  R2 17
18. Answer (2)

 PV  nRT  nR
P
3
 P 2V  C
1 3
3 dP
 VP 2  P2  0
2 dV
3 dP
 V  P
2 dV
dP 2
 V  P
dV 3
19. Answer (3)
According to Wien’s displacement law
1

T
 T  0 .1
   
 T  100
 = 0.13 mm
20. Answer (3)
Specific heat capacity = Molar mass × Molar heat capacity
 CP – CV  Molar mass

Let molar heat capacity at constant pressure = Xp
and molar heat capacity at constant volume = Xv
Xp – Xv = R
MCp – MCv = R
R
Cp – Cv =
M
R
For hydrogen; a =
2
R
For N2; b =
28
a
= 14
b
a = 14b
21. Answer (2)

Q = Q1 + Q 2 ...(1)
T Q1 A
Also, Q  kA  Q A   1 ...(2)
x Q2 A2
From (1) & (2)
 A1   A2 
Q1   Q; Q2   Q
 A1  A2   A1  A2 

Q = Q1 + Q2
100°C
0.92  4(100  T ) 0.26  4  (T  0) 0.12  4  T
  Cu
46 13 12
 200 – 2T = 2T + T T
B Brass
 T = 40°C Steel
0°C
0.92  4  60 0°C
 Q= = 4.8 cal/s
46
22. Answer (3)
For cyclic process Q  W   Pdv

∵ PV = nRT
 PdV + vdP = nR dT
  PdV  nR  dT   VdP
B C D A
 nR 0  VdP

A

B

VdP  VdP  VdP
C

D
1 2
 
dp dp
 0  nR 400  0  nR 300
p p
2 1
1
 nR 400Ln  300nRLn 2
2
 nR100Ln 2
 2  8.314  100  0.693  1152 J

Heat is extracted from source in AB & DA
In AB, Q = nCPT
p
5R 2p0 A B
Q  n  ( T )
2
5 p0
 (4 p0v 0  2 p0v 0 )  5 p0v 0 D C
2
In DA, Q = nCVT
v0 2v0 v
3R 3
n  ( T )  ( p0v 0 )
2 2
13
Total = p0v 0
2
23. Answer (2)
n 5 n 7
Q  R(2T  T )   R(2T  T )
2 2 2 2
= 3nRT
24. Answer (3)
For steady state, (T14 – T4) = (T4 – T24)
T14  T24
 T  4
2
25. Answer (2)
Suppose mass of body be m and specific heat capacity s. Maximum heat, that the body can lose
Qmax = ms(40 – 27).
Suppose after loosing 50% of maximum heat, the temperature of body becomes .
50
ms  40     ms  40  27
100
(40 – ) = 0.5(40 – 27) ...(i)
d
 0.0002    27
dt
 t t
d
40   27
 0.0002
t 0
dt
40  27
ln  0.0002t ...(ii)
  27
From (i) & (ii)
ln 2 = 0.0002t
2.303 log10 2
t s  57.7 minutes
0.0002
26. Answer (1)
For A, Q = U + w = 0
For B, w is less as area enclosed is less.
Also, U is more negative. So, Q < 0
27. Answer (2)
28. Answer (2)
dQ  nCdT  nCv dT  n3aT 2dT
 dQ  nCv dT  3anT 2dT
 dQ  dU  3anT 2dT
3an dv 3a
 Pdv  RT .TdT   TdT
R v R
v T
dv 3a T
v 3a T 2 


v0
v

R T0
T dT  Ln
v0
  
R  2 T0
3a
v 3a  2 2 v
 Ln  T  T0    e 2R T 2  T02 
v 0 2R v0
v
3a
T T0 
3a 2 2
 e 2R T 2  T02 

  ve 2R  v0
v0
3a 2 3a
 T T02
 ve 2R  v 0 e 2R  constant
29. Answer (3)

v2 V
 
V2 V2
K V 1  n  2 K
V21  n  V11  n
w   PdV
v1
= V n
dV = K V 
n
dv = K 
 1 n
 =

V1 1  n
V1 V1
K  V2 V1   1  P2V2n .V2 P1V1n .V1  1

=  n  n =    = [P2V2  P1V1 ]
1  n V2 V1  n  1  V2n n
V1  n 1
 P1V1  P2V2 
=  n 1

 
30. Answer (3)
R1 = radius of circle along x-axis (V-axis)
P
R1sin 60° = V0 3P0 B
2V0 2
R1  A
3 P0 C
3P0
R2 = radius of circle along y-axis (P-axis) = 60° 120°
2
work done by gas = area under curve
V
V0 2V0 3V0
1 1 
 R1R2    P0  V0  2
3 2 
1  2V0   3P0 
     P0V0
3  3   2 
P0V0
  P0V0
3
  
 P0V0  1
 3 
31. Answer (1)
P  P2 
For linear variation of pressure with volume, w   1 V  5  10 5  2  10  10 5 J
 2 

1 T T2 5
 1 2  
6 T1 T1 6
T2  62 2
Also, 
T1 3
T2 5

T1 6
T2  62 4
 
T2 5
or T2 = 62 × 5
or T2 = 310 K
 T1 = 372 K

Heat required to freeze 5 kg water
= 5 × 336 × 103
= 1680 × 103 J Water
 Q1 = 1680 kJ at 0 °C
for Carnot’s cycle

W
Q2 T2

Q1 T1
Room
Q2 300 at 27 °C

1680 273
200
Q2 = 1680 × kJ
273
W = Q2 – Q1
 300 
= 1680   1
 273 
= 1.66 × 105 kJ
32. Answer (1)

l = l = 2 × 1.1 × 10–5 × 50 = 1.1 mm
Work done by wire on load = –mgh = –5 × 10 × (1.1 × 10–3) = –55 mJ
33. Answer (1)
As mercury is poured slowly, the situation will be like the one shown by following set of figures.
10 – h 80 cm
h
So, the volume of air that has been trapped, at atmospheric pressure, is A ×(10). Here, A is area of cross-section.
Final volume of trapped air is A (10 – h). As temperature is constants, so we can write
P1V1 = P2V2
(75 cm) (A × 10) = (75 + 80 – h) [A × (10 – h)]
750 = 1550 – 155h – 10h + h2
h2 – 165h + 800 = 0
 h = 160 cm
or h = 5 cm
34. Answer (4)
On heating, both solid and liquid expand. The thrust is
Th = Vsl g
Now VS increase while l decreases
35. Answer (1)

l = l11 + l22
l l   l 2 2
  1 1
l l1  l 2

RS = R1 + R2
dRS dR1 dR2

  ; R  s  R11  R2  2
dT dT dT
As R1 = R2  R = R1 + R2 = 2R1
1   2
 
2
1 1 1
 
RP R1 R2
1 dRP 1 dR1 1 dR2

2 dT
 2  2 d
RP R1 dT R2 dT
P 1  2
 
RP R1 R2
1  2
 P 
2
36. Answer (2)
C0 40  10
  C = 37.5°C
100  0 90  10
37. Answer (2)

Final temperature is zero, as only melting is required
mice × 80 + mice × 1 × (100 – 0)  msteam × 540
38. Answer (2)
Yt  Y0 t 0

Y90  Y0 90  0
25  0.5 t
 
50  5 90
or t = 40°C
39. Answer (2)
1 m  T 1
m     T   2T
T m T 2
P
P T4   2 4  16
P
40. Answer (4)
At constant pressure, V  T
dV dT
 
V T
dV 1
 
VdT T
1
or 
T
41. Answer (3)
Q : U : W  nCp dT : nCv dT : n Cp  Cv  dT
 Cp : Cv : Cp  Cv
7R 5R
 : :R
2 2
=7:5:2
42. Answer (3)
T TH2 TO 2 2
V     TH 2  320   20 K   253C
M M H2 M O2 32
43. Answer (3)

From state A to B, dU = 0, T is constant
2v 0

dv
 W  nRT  3RT ln2 ...(i)
v
v0
5 4
2U0 = 3  RT , RT =  U0 ...(ii)
2 15
From (i) & (ii)
4
W  U0 ln2
5
44. Answer (3)
When ice melts, volume decreases so, work is done by the surrounding on the ice-water system.
45. Answer (1)
For AB, P  T
 V = constant
For BC, P = P0 + kT
PV = nRT
nRT
V 
P0  kT
Volume varies hyperbolically with temperature
46. Answer (3)
P
B
2P0 M(P, V)

P0 C
A
V
V0 2V0
In process A to B, heat supplied by external agent
5 5P V
QAB 
2
 2P0V0  P0V0   20 0
In process C to A, heat is rejected. In process B to C, heat is supplied by external agent from state B to the state
M. At state M, slope of BC = slope of adiabatic
P
 tan    . ,
V
P0 P
 . ...(i)
V0 V
Equation of process B to C,
P0
P V  3P0 ...(ii)
V0
From (i) and (ii)

P0V PV 2 7
  0  3P0 ,   1 
V0  V0 f 5
P0V  5  PV
  0  3P0

V0 7  V0
12 P0V 7V
  3P0  V  0
7V0 4
5R
U  nCV T  1  T
2
For BC, T = –200 K
 U = –500R

P0
P V  3P0
V0
P0v 2 3P0v
T   …(1)
V0 nR nR
For Tmax
dT
0
dv
3
 v v …(2)
2 0
Using (1) & (2)
9 P0V0
Tmax 
4 nR
46c. Answer (3) [JEE (Main)-2018]

TV  – 1 = Constant
5
–1
 V 3
Tf  300    189 K
 2V 
3R
U  nCv T  2   [189 – 300]
2
= –2.7 kJ
47. Answer (3)
k  273 F  32

100 180
Put k = F = x
x  273 x  32
 
100 180
80x = 180 × 273 – 3200
x = 574.25
48. Answer (1)
dN
1

du
vr m s  u 2d N
NT
 4u  2u 2  du u
u d N  u N
2 2
T u=0 u=2
 NT
  4u 3
 2u 4  du
2
 2u 5 
 NT u 4  
 5 0
 64   16 
 NT 16    NT  
 5   5
16 4
v rms   m/s
5 5
3PV
v rms 
m
2
mv rms 5  103  16 8 80
P    10 N/m2  N/m2
3V 5  3  200  106 3 3

x
Kx = ma  a = (K/m)x
m
T  2
K
1 1 K
f    1012
T 2 m
1 K
   1024
42 m
4  10  108  103
K  42 m  1024   1024 = 7.1 N/m
6.02  1023
49. Answer (3)

Factual
50. Answer (1)
Factual
51. Answer (4)
Factual
52. Answer (1)
Factual
53. Answer (1)
At the angular extremes, the Doppler shift of the light is
 v   3.0  10 4 
f   f 1    f 1    = (1 ± 10–4)f
 c   3.0  10 8 
 
Hence, the extrema are

f = 1.0001f and f = 0.9999f
when emitted simultaneously, the two light sources can have a maximum beat frequency of
fbeat = fmax – fmin = 1.0001f – 0.9999f = 0.0002f
54. Answer (1)
The distance R from source to observer is given by using
R
v 
t
 R = vt (340 m/s) (4.0 s) = 1360 m
 I 
Now, L = 92 dB = 10 log  I 

 0 
I
 10 9.2
I0
 I = 109.2(10–12)
= 1.58 × 10–3 W/m2
P
Now, I 
4R 2
E
and P 
t
 E = Pt = I(4R2)t
 E = (1.58 × 10–3 W/m2) (413602 m2) (0.200 s)
 E = 7.4 × 103 J
55. Answer (3)
At the centre of the circle, the ambulance is moving neither towards nor away from the observer, so the wavelength
doesn’t change.
56. Answer (3)
For a “loud sound” or resonance, the piston must be at the position of a node. Therefore the distance through

which the piston is moved between 2 adjacent resonances is .
2

So, (36.4 cm – 5.2 cm) = 3 ×  
2
 = 20.8 cm
v = f
or If = (340 m/s) / 0.208 m = 1634.6 ~ 1635

57. Answer (2)
The tension in the wire is just equal to the weight, as can be seen by considering a free body diagram at one of the
blocks.
T
1/ 2 1/ 2
T   50 
The speed of a transverse wave in this wire is then v = v       50 m/s
  0.02 
Tapping the wire induces a standing wave, whose maximum wavelength is  = 2L = 2 × 0.2 = 0.4 m. Lastly, the
v 50
frequency corresponding to this wavelength can be obtained from v = f  or f    125 Hz
 0.4
1 T 1 Stress 1   strain
f   
2l  2l Density 2l Density
1
2.2  1011 
 1 100
f  
2  1.5 7.7  103
1 2
=  106
3 7
1000 2
=   178.2 Hz
3 7
58. Answer (4)

Factual
59. Answer (1)
300
In first case, fundamental frequency =  100 Hz
3
1 T
100  ...(i)
2 l1 
450
In second case, fundamental frequency   225 Hz
2
1 T
225  ...(ii)
2l 2 
From (i) and (ii)

100 × l1 = 225 × l2
100 4 4  40 160
l2   120   120   cm 53.3 cm
225 9 3 3
60. Answer (2)
y1 = 0.1sin(3t + x)
at t = 0, y1 = 0.1sin4x
at x = 4.5, y1 = 0.1sin(4) (4.5) = 0.1sin9(2) = 0
y2 = 0.2sin(3t – 5x)
 5 
at t = 0, y2 = 0.2sin(–5x) = 0.2sin   2  2x 
   
 5 
at x = 4.5, y2 = 0sin    (2)( 4.5) = 0.2sin[–11.25(2)]
2
   
 
= 0.2sin[–0.25(2)] = 0.2sin    = 0.2sin(–45) = –0.14
 4
y = y1 + y2 = 0 – 0.14 = –0.14
61. Answer (1)
By increasing tension, frequency of sonometer wire increases (as f  T ) and the difference between sonometer
frequency and tuning fork frequency decreases. This means, sonometer frequency is less than that of tuning fork.
 340 – 5 = 335 Hz is the required frequency
62. Answer (4)
I  I1  I2  2 I1I2 cos 
 
2
Imax  I1  I2 [ = 0]
Imin  I1  I2  2 I1I2 [ = ]
 
2
Imin  I1  I2
 
2
Imax I1  I2
 
 I2 
2
Imin I1 
63. Answer (3)

If block - 1 decreases intensity by 10%, block-2 will further cause it to decrease by 10%
Let I be the initial intensity I1 = I × 0.9 = 0.9I0
I2 = 0.9 × I1 = 0.81I
64. Answer (2)
1
For a point source I 
x2
1
 A  A = A0x–1
x
65. Answer (2)
 1
y = sin   x  2t  
 6

y = sin [at t = 0, x = 0]
6
1
y
2
dy  1
Slope  cos   x  2t  
dx  6 
dy 
 cos [at t = 0, x = 0]
dx 6
dy 3
 slope is positive.
dx 2
66. Answer (1)
 = 102 rad/s
 = 0.5 kg/m3
I = 10–9 W/m2
Pmax  2  104 N/m2
I
 Pmax 2 9
 2  104  2
, 10 
2 .v 2  0.5  v
v = 4 × 10–8 × 109 = 40 m/s.
 P m 2  104
Amplitude of wave A    107 m
v 102  0.5  40
 102
k   2.5 m1
V 40
y = A sin (kx + t + )

= 10–7 sin (2.5 x + 100 t + )
2
= 10–7 cos (2.5 x + 100 t )
67. Answer (2)
Factual
68. Answer (2)
Velocity of sound w.r.t. ground = (V + Vw)
 From Doppler’s effect
V  Vw   V0
f = V  V  V f0
 w s
f V  Vw  V0

f0 V  Vw  Vs
30 m/s
obs f = 540 Hz
30 m/s
Source
 330  30 
fo =   540 = 648 Hz
 330  30 

For relativistic motion
c v
f = f0 ; v = relative speed of approach
c v
c
c
f = 10 2  10 3  17.3 GHz
c
c
2
69. Answer (1)
P   PV nRT
∵ V  
 m m
 V T
70. Answer (2)
There is no effect of pressure. Now v  T .
v T 1

v T
 1 
 340  1  
 546 
= (340 – 0.61) m/s

71. Answer (2)
 404 400 
Beat f1  f2    2
 2 2 
   ( A1  A2 )2
2
Imax I1  I2
 [∵ I  A2]
 I2 
2
Imin I1  ( A1  A2 )2
2
43
   49 : 1
43
V 1 Y
f0  
2L 2L 
1 9.27  1010
=  4.88 kHz  5 kHz
2  0.6 2.7  103
72. Answer (3)

For a tube closed at one end in its lowest frequency mode, the closed end is a node and the open end is an
1
antinode with no other nodes in between. Therefore the length L of the tube is wavelength.
4
 = 4L
v = 340 m/s
 = 4l = 4 × 0.80 = 3.20 metre
 Frequency f1  340  106.25  106 Hz

3 .2
∵ 1
f 
l
and shorter tube has length 80 cm therefore length of larger tube with lower frequency can be find as
f2 = 106 – 17 = 89 Hz
v 340
    3.82 metre
f2 89
 3.82
and l    0.955  95 cm
4 4
73. Answer (3)
2
Let y = Asin(t – kx), where k 

2
1  y  1 mA 2 2
KE = m   mA 2 2 cos 2 (t  kx )  [1 + cos(2t – 2kx)]
2  t  2 4

Now 2Kx =
3
 v 360
 x   
12 12f 500  12 = 0.06 m = 6 cm
74. Answer (4)
A v

3
 B
4
v = 90 m/s
Velocity of source along AB
 4  4v
vs = v cos   v   
 5 5
Velocity of guard along AB
 3  3v
v0 = v sin   v   
5 5
Apparent frequency
u = speed of sound = 340 m/s
 3v 
 u  v0  v  5 
  0    0  
 u  v   v  4v 
 5 
 340  54   286 
 1800   1800   1921 Hz
 340  72   268 
75. Answer (3)

A tuning fork that can produce 2 beats with 514 Hz oscillator can have frequencies 512 Hz or 516 Hz.
Similarly, a tuning fork that can produce 6 beats with 510 Hz can have frequencies 504 Hz and 516 Hz. So,
answer is 516 Hz.
76. Answer (4)
y = y1 + y2 + y3 = A[sin(kx – t) + sin(kx – t + ) + sin(kx – t + 2)] = 0
 sin(kx – t) + sin(kx – t + ) + sin(kx – t + 2) = 0
  
 2sin(kx  t )sin  2sin(kx  t  )sin 2sin(kx  t  2)sin  0
2 2 2
     3 
 cos  kx  t    cos  kx  t    cos  kx  t    cos  kx  t  
 2  2  2  2 
 3   5 
 cos  kx  t    cos  kx  t  0
 2   2 
   5 
 cos  kx  t    cos  kx  t  
 2  2 
5 
  2n 
2 2
2 2 4
  or or
3 3 3
77. Answer (2)
y = 0 for all x whenever cos(3.00t) = 0
  
i.e., when 3.00t = or t    0.524 s
2 ( 3  2) 6
78. Answer (1)
RT
v 
M
Maximum  and least molecular moss (or atomic mass) mark the maximum speed.
79. Answer (2)

The power of a wave is proportional to f 2A2. Thus, to have the same power at one-third the frequency, the
amplitude must be tripled (i.e., ACBX/ACBY = 3), since the product of frequency and amplitude must be the same.
80. Answer (1)
P
v  Now, E = P (adiabatic) and E = P (isothermal)

E P
 v 
E 
81. Answer (1)

Suppose T is the temperature at x distance.
l = 410 m
P dx Q
T1 T2
x x=l
x=0
T2  T1 dx
T  T1  .x , v 
l dt
dx
20 t 
dt
dx
dt 
20 T
t l
 
dx
 dt 
0 0 T2  T1
20
T1  .x
l
T2  T1 l
T1  x P, dx  dP
l T2  T1
 l 
 T  T  d P l2 P
 
dx 2 1
 
T2  T1 P T2  T1
T1  x
l
2l T T
 T1  2 1 . x
T2  T1 l
l
1 2l  T2  T1 
t .  T1  .x 
20 T2  T1  l 0
l  T2  T1 
t
10 T2  T1   
l

10  T2  T1 
410

10  441  400 
410
 1s
10  21  20 
82. Answer (2)
v
For a tube closed at one end, the fundamental frequency is f1 =  340 m/s  ( 4  0.60 m) = 142 Hz
4L
It can have only odd harmonic e.g. 3 × 142 = 426 Hz, 5 × 142 = 710 Hz etc.

(2n  1)v
f   1250
4L
(2n  1)  340
  1250
0.85  4
 2n – 1  12.5
 Answer is 6.
83. Answer (1)

I = 22vf 2y02
1/ 2
 I 
Therefore y 0   2 2
 (2 vf 
Density of water = 1000 kg/m3

Speed of sound in water = 1550 m/s
y0 = [(1.5 × 10–5 W/m2) / (2 2 × 1000 kg/m3 × 1550 m/s (60 × 103 Hz)2]1/2 = 1.2 × 10–11 m
84. Answer (2)
The intensity I of the sound is equal to the power per unit area, or
P
I=
[area]
For sound spread uniformly over a spherical shell this is
P
I
4R 2
1.25  10 3
Thus, I 
( 4  10 2 )
= 1.0 × 10–6 W/m2
The sound intensity level is given by
 I 
  10 log10   dB

 I0 
Where
I0 = 10–12 W/m2
Thus, we have
 1.0  10 6 
  10 log10  
 10 12 
 
= 60 dB
85. Answer (4)
f1 – f2 = 1 Hz
Also, l1 + l2 = 100, l1 – I2 = 0.2 cm
k k
 1
49.9 50.1
50.1  49.9
 k 
0 .2
k 50.1
Now, f1    250.5 Hz
49.9 0 .2
86. Answer (2)
As the tube is drawn away by 9.00 cm, the path difference introduced is 2 × 9.00 = 18.00 cm
So, x = 18.00 cm
 3
This represents the distance between a crest and the second next trough i.e. x    
2 2
3
  18.00
2
or  = 12.00 cm
v 348
Now f    2.9 kHz
 12.00  10  2


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Waves and

fR 124.5 124.5  ( 402  273 )R

2a. Answer (2) [JEE (Main)-2017]

n2 = final number of moles

Change of number of molecules

20V2 20  180 20  180

1kg 1kg 1kg

0°C 100°C 100°C

Water °C Water(100°C) Steam(100°C)

Q=0 Q = 3 × 1 × 100 Q = 300 + 3 × 540

7a. Answer (4) [JEE (Main)-2017]

10. Answer (1)

where n1 and n2 are no. of moles of oxygen and nitrogen.

10a. Answer (1) (AIEEE 2011)

11. Answer (1)

11a. Answer (1) [JEE (Main)-2018]

2  1023  3.32  10 27  103

12. Answer (3)

13. Answer (2)

13a. Answer (1) [JEE (Main)-2016]

13b. Answer (3) [JEE (Main)-2017]

14. Answer (2)

15. Answer (2)

20a. Answer (1) [JEE (Main)-2017]

21. Answer (2)

From (1) & (2)

21a. Answer (3) [JEE (Main)-2014]

22. Answer (3)

For cyclic process Q  W   Pdv

 2  8.314  100  0.693  1152 J

22a. Answer (2) [JEE (Main)-2013]

23. Answer (2)

dQ  nCdT  nCv dT  n3aT 2dT

 dQ  nCv dT  3anT 2dT

29. Answer (3)

K  V2 V1   1  P2V2n .V2 P1V1n .V1  1

31a. Answer (2) (AIEEE 2011)

31b. Answer (1) [JEE (Main)-2016]

for Carnot’s cycle

32. Answer (1)

35. Answer (1)

35a. Answer (1) (AIEEE 2010)

dRS dR1 dR2

1 dRP 1 dR1 1 dR2

36. Answer (2)

37. Answer (2)

Q : U : W  nCp dT : nCv dT : n Cp  Cv  dT

43. Answer (3)

46. Answer (3)

In process A to B, heat supplied by external agent

From (i) and (ii)

46a. Answer (4) [JEE (Main)-2014]

46b. Answer (4) [JEE (Main)-2016]

46c. Answer (3) [JEE (Main)-2018]

47. Answer (3)

48a. Answer (2) [JEE (Main)-2018]

49. Answer (3)

Hence, the extrema are

or If = (340 m/s) / 0.208 m = 1634.6 ~ 1635

57a. Answer (2) [JEE (Main)-2013]

58. Answer (4)

From (i) and (ii)

63. Answer (3)