CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
1.1) Introduction to the Education Sector of the World
Education sector is the main root of any country for the growth of an economy. It is to be
considered as the heart in growth or development on any country or economy. The main purpose
of education is to train and educate the children and young people of economy. Education sector
cannot be ignored while analyzing the growth potential and economic development. Education
sector helps the human capital of any economy towards the understanding of the world
phenomena. Education is the most important weapon of any economy to grow and develop their
country so that’s why it is compulsory for any economy to invest on the education sector
development. The progress of the country and nation totally depends on good quality education
and learning.

1.2) Introduction to the Education Sector of Pakistan

The education sector of Pakistan is growing rapidly because of new institutions and high
competitions of the same and relative institutions in Pakistan. In Pakistan the education sector is
divided into six categories. The first is preschool (3 to 5years), primary (grade 1 to 5), middle
(grade 6 to 8), high (grade 9 to 10), intermediate (11 to 12) and the last one is university level for
undergraduate and graduate. The literacy rate ranges from 85% in Islamabad to 23% in Torghar
District. Pakistan is currently working to increase literacy rate by providing more funds to the
education sector of Pakistan but somehow people of Pakistan don’t want to study there children’s
due to of poverty and they send their Children to work and earn some money.

According to the economy survey Pakistan’s public expenditure on education as percentage to

GDP is estimated at 2.4 percent in the fiscal year 2018-19 which is the lowest in the region.
According to current survey Pakistan is ranked 150th out of 189 countries. The literacy rate in
current year is 62.3 as compared to 60.7 percent in 2014. The literacy rate in male and female
also increased from 71.6 to 72.5 percent in male and 49.6 to 51.8 percent. The education-related
expenditure increased by 18.6 percent (to Rs 829.2 billion) in 2017-18.
Pakistan, recently being classified as an emerging economy is striving hard to enhance and build
the capacity of human resources by increasing the literacy rate and making the population more
capable of understanding technicalities and exploring innovative ideas. Government is
committed to provide free education up to matriculation level and provide resources for the
development of higher education institutions this means that the future is bright for the education
sector of Pakistan.

1.3) Introduction to the Medical Education

The educational sector of Pakistan is growing day by day and its growth in medical sector
is high as compared to other educational sectors because the merit of medical colleges and the
universities is increasing every year and this increase is due to of high interest of people in the
medical education. This increase is also from less medical institutions in Pakistan. People prefer
Pakistani medical institutions as compare to foreign medical institutions because there merit is
high. Medical Education in Pakistan is provided by more than 50 medical colleges situated
across the country. Out of these, 27 are affiliated with the University of Health Sciences (UHS),
located in Lahore. Student from Pakistan going abroad for medical study when they didn’t get
admission in Pakistani medical institutions due to of high merit.

1.4) Introduction to Education Sector of Multan

Multan is the oldest city in the history of Pakistan and ranked as 7th largest city of the
country and major cultural and economic center of the southern Punjab. The total population of
Multan is 1871843 (2017) according to economy survey. There are more than 500 educational
intuitions in Multan. There are many numbers of private medical institutions in Multan but in
medical institution of government is only Nishtar medical hospital and the merit list of Nishtar is
very high. Nishtar provides different type of medical services to the medical students. There are
more than 50 intuitions who give diploma education services in Multan which duration starts
from 3 months to 2 years.
1.5) B category
B category stands for the bachelor in pharmacy technicians. Pharmacy technician is a
healthcare person who does different type pharmacy related functions such as compounding and
work under the supervision of legally qualified and licensed pharmacist. Pharmacy technician is
also called as a pharmaceutical technician. They can work either in retail or community
pharmacy or in hospital pharmacy as well. In the city of saints mean Multan there more than 8
institutions who give diploma services in b category and lab technician services. But they are not
well ranked due to of their poor services and poor education.

Eligibility criteria:
In Pakistan a person who has following qualification will be considered as an eligible candidate
for course of pharmacy technician;

1. Matriculation with science from a recognized institute of Pakistan

2. Foreign education which is equivalent to the matriculation degree in science
Examination and course description:
The students who do pharmacy technician related course is usually registered in category B in
Pakistan. The duration of this course is 2 years maximum. There are mainly two parts comprises
of various subjects of theory in which they study pharmacy related things like how to implement
and when to implement and practical they perform in labs and test their skills.

PCP pharmacy council of Pakistan conduct exams for b category students and the exams are
conducted only 2 times per year. There are two exams the first one is theory exam and the
second one is the practical exam. Each student gets 3 chances to pass only.
 Important information about B category

Parameters Comments

Required education level Matric with science

Time duration 2 years

Sections Part 1 and part 2

Examiner Punjab pharmacy of council (PPC)

Pass criteria 50% in practical and theory

Exams number 2 exams per year

Paper patterns 60% question and 40% objective

Paper nature practical and theory

Subjects or Courses

There are two parts in bachelor of pharmacy technicians which are as follow:

Part 1 (Theory) Part 2 (Theory)

1. Pharmaceutics 1 1. Pharmaceutics II (Industrial and
2. Pharmacognosy Quality Control)
3. Microbiology 2. Social behavior, Law and Ethics
4. Biochemistry 3. Computer
5. Anatomy
6. physiology
Part 1 (Practical) Part 2 (Practical)
1. Anatomy and physiology 1. Pharmaceutics II (Industrial)
2. Biochemistry and microbiology 2. Pharmacology
3. Pharmacognosy
4. Pharmaceutics 1
 Scope of B Category

Pharmaceutical is the most profitable business in the world. Students who have cleared the
matric and intermediate in the science can get admission in the b category diploma and after
diploma they can open their own pharmacy or medical store. Students who have cleared O-level
in science can also get enrolled in this diploma. B category is considered as professional diploma
and holder of this diploma can get in the hospitals and pharmaceutical companies as the sales
representative or assistant pharmacist and also can work in the medical labs. There is no age
restriction in bachelor of pharmacy technician and there is also no grade restriction in getting that
diploma.

List of Medical Pharmacy Institutions

Name Courses Offered Seats (morning/ evening)

1. Faculty of Pharmacy, B. Pharmacy & Pharm. 100/100
BahauddinZakriya University, D.
Multan.
2. BahauddinZakriya Institute of B.Pharmacy 25/25
Pharmacy Technician,
Multan.
3. Multan College of Pharmacy, D.Pharmacy 50/50
Multan.
4. Royal College of Pharmacy B. Pharmacy 25/25
Technician and Health
Sciences, Multan
5. Al-Minara College of B.Pharmacy 40/40
Pharmacy Technician,
Multan.
6. Bismillah college of health Dispenser, laboratory 50/0
sciences assistant 1 year
7. Shifa college of pharmacy B.Pharmacy 50/50
technician
Gap Analysis
According to our research there is a huge gap in the pharmacy technicians because there are very
small numbers of colleges or institutions who are providing b category pharmacy technicians in
Multan. There is huge gup which are as follow:

1. Limited seats: as our research we have found that the institutions who are providing
B category and M.lab technician have limited seats but some institutes gives
admission to more than their seats and they take long time to give diplomas license to
the students.
2. Faculty: According to our research we have found that most of the institutes don’t
have experienced professors or training staff which creates problem for the students
in learning as well as practical experience. The most of the staff are not from th
related field.
3. Duration: Mostly the b category diploma take 2 years but the institutes will take 3
years to give diploma degree to the students because they give admission more than
their allotment seats by (PPC).
4. Infrastructure: The infrastructure of the medical institutes pharmacy is not
satisfactory because they have no proper buildings and they use houses which creates
problem for the students because.
5. No well recognized institution: According to our research there is a single public
pharmacy institution which is named as Faculty of Pharmacy, BahauddinZakriya
University, which is located in Multan and there is no well recognized private sector
in the list of Pharmacy council of Pakistan(PCP) which indicates that there is huge
gap and untapped market for us to establish a well-known institution in Multan
Requirements for Opening Institute
Every Individual institution intending to establish a pharmacy educational institution
must apply for an inspection to PCP prior to advertisement for applications of admission in the
First Year Class. The Advertisement can only be issued after “no objection certificate” is
obtained by PCP. NOC will only be issued after going through the complete feasibility report
and 1st inspection.

Criteria for Establishment or Recognition

The Council has laid down criteria for establishment or recognition of pharmacy
educational institution in Pakistan which is detailed below:

Comprehensive Feasibility Report: Any one intending to establish a pharmacy educational

Institution shall submit a Comprehensive Feasibility Report, which must include the following
information:

1. Space: It must include all the relevant documents of possession and plan of academic
blocks. Site selected should be suitable from academic point of view. Minimum
requirement for total area of the Institution will be 1.0 acres.
2. Infrastructure and Building: Adequate physical facilities for Academic Blocks, Lecture
Halls, Laboratories, Common Room, Cafeteria, laboratory equipment related to different
laboratories, library, information technology etc. must be created by the intending
institutes in an owned and purposely built building with an available carpet area of 12-15
sq. ft. per student.
3. Financial Resources and Status: The institution must be financially viable. Financial
resources should be clearly indicated according to level, size and type of the proposed
institution. It should be able not only to establish but also to run the institution
progressively. For this purpose an endowment fund of Rs. 50 million (50% in Cash and
50% in property) should be available. Prior to the first inspection by the PCP, a
Strategic Plan covering the next 5 years must be submitted that will encompass.
4. Affiliation with a University and other Legal Requirements: The Institution desirous
of conducting a Pharmacy degree program must have an affiliation with a recognized
University (established under a charter by the Federal or Provincial Government) of the
same province, which has a Faculty of Pharmacy in their principle campus. The
 University granting affiliation to any institution conducting any Pharmacy Degree
programs shall award degrees to the students of the affiliated institution only after their
facilities have been evaluated and approved for conducting said program by the PCP. The
Institute should fulfill all other legal formalities, details of which will be provided in due
course.
5. Organizational Structure/Faculty: Faculty should be employed full time and as per
regulations for appointment laid by the PCP. The Dean/Chairman/ Director/ Principal of
the Faculty/Department/Institute or College/School of Pharmacy shall hold a basic degree
in Pharmacy and must be eligible for appointment as Professor/ Associate Professor. CVs
of every faculty member/all members of administration/staff should be provided for
scrutiny, along with terms of reference for employment, qualifications, professional and
teaching experience, date of joining, designation with details of research publications etc.
The Institutions offering a Degree program shall have the faculty strength as per
following:
 Professor 10%
 Associate Professor 20%
 Assistant Professor 30%
 Lecturers 40%
6. Library: Library should be well equipped with sufficient number of books, latest
editions of reference books/journals, computers with internet facilities and photocopying
facility as per following:
 Books: At least 1500 with adequate coverage of all disciples and specialties of
Pharmacy. Minimum of 3 - 5 copies of each recommended books should be
available in the Library.
 Annual Addition of Books: 100 to 150 books.
 Periodicals: At least 5 including 3 international.
Scrutiny of Applications
The application for recognition must be submitted on a prescribed Performa, with details
along with the fee prescribed for this purpose before undertaking the first inspection by the
Council. The application will be scrutinized according to the laid down criteria. The Secretariat
will ensure rectification of deficiencies or otherwise for approval by the Council or any relevant
Committee for appointment of the Inspection Team. If approved, the inspection in question
would be undertaken according to the following:

1. All institutions, trying to get themselves established and wanted to advertise for
admission of students in a pharmacy program, ought to be informed that they should
submit applications for inspection before establishment of the institution.
2. In case they have failed to submit the application before the advertisement, then it
should be mandatory that the newly established institution must apply to the Pharmacy
Council of Pakistan to carry out the inspection before conducting the 1st year
professional examination (this is only applicable to those colleges who had established
before these criteria were published).
3. Depending upon the report submitted on initial scrutiny of the application, the Council or
relevant Committee may arrive at the following decisions that the institution may be
informed of the deficiencies detected on scrutiny, and asked to resubmit the request after
removing the deficiencies for inspection. It is mandatory that revised application be
submitted before conducting the first professional examination, failing which the PCP
will bear no obligation to conduct inspection at later stages. The scrutiny team must
ensure that the requirements laid down are duly approved by the Council and are
available in the institution. The Pharmacy Council of Pakistan will have to scrutinize the
applications within 6 months from the date of application.
INSPECTION TEAM
The inspection team will be constituted by the Council comprising of members from
academia and other disciplines of the profession. The Inspection team will be accompanied by
the Secretary, PCP or one of its representative.

INSPECTION SCHEDULE
Inspection of all relevant facilities should be conducted for concerned year of training at
the times given below. The objectives for each visit are mentioned below and the details are
present in the forms.

Visit 1:

The Inspection team will look into the following in addition to the criteria already given.

 Suitability of the venue for educational purposes.

 Availability of all necessary basic infrastructure and physical facilities needed during the
first two professional years.
 Presence of needed basic educational resources.
 Recruitment of appropriate and adequate teaching faculty.
 Availability of written curriculum.
 Adequacy and sources of Funds.
 Procedure for financial accountability.

Visit 2:

 Relevance of assessment to the objectives of training for the year.

 Presence of all required basic educational resources.
 Recruitment of appropriate and adequate teaching faculty.
 Availability of appropriate and adequate number of examiners.
 The Conduct of examination and Report on the transparency and fairness of the
examination.

The Pharmacy Programs of the Institutions which are recognized by the Council will be visited
after every three years to ensure that the standards based on which institution was granted
recognition, are maintained or not.
Minimum requirements for new institution
Faculty requirements: All the academic staff will hold basic degree in Pharmacy except for the
teachers for the subjects of Pathology, Physiology/Histology, Anatomy, and Computer Science.
In these subjects the teachers may be employed as visiting faculty. The Principal shall hold a
basic degree in Pharmacy with 5 years teaching experience. The Regular teaching faculty will be
as under:

 Principal 5 year experience

 Lecturers Pharmacy Graduate

Basic requirements:

 2 lecture rooms
 1 seminar room
 1 library cum Reading room with Photocopier
 1 committee room
 Teacher Students ratio 1:15

Lecture theaters:

 Number of lecture rooms: 02

 Capacity: 50 Students
 Dimension: 500-600 sq. ft.

Laboratories

1. Pharmaceutics laboratory:
 Number of laboratories: 01
 Capacity: 50 Students
 Dimension: 500-600 sq. ft. each
 Subjects requiring: dispensing & community pharmacy, Industrial & Quality Control,
Pharmaceutics
2. Pharmacognosy laboratory:
 Number of laboratories: 01
 Capacity: 50 Students
 Dimension: 500-600 sq. ft.
 Subjects requiring such facility: Pharmacognosy.
3. Basic medical sciences laboratory:
 Number of laboratories: 01
 Capacity: 50 Students
 Dimension: 500-600 sq. ft.
 Subjects requiring such facility: Physiology, Pharmacology, Anatomy
4. Pharmaceutical chemistry and microbiology laboratory:
 Number of laboratories: 01
 Capacity: 50 Students
 Dimension: 500-600 sq. ft.
 Subjects requiring such facility: Biochemistry, Microbiology
5. Computer laboratory:
 Number of laboratories: 01
 Capacity: 50 Students
 Dimension: 500-600 sq. ft.
 Subjects requiring such facility: Computer
Laboratories and Equipment
Pharmaceutics

Sr Equipments Quantity
1 Digital balance 4
2 Analytical weight balance 1
3 Sieves of different numbers with pan 5
4 Single Punch Compression Machine 1
5 Hardness teste 1
6 PH meter 1
7 Friabilator 1
8 Disintegration apparatus 1
9 Magnetic stirrer 1
10 Mixer (lab scale) 1
11 Vernier caliper 5
12 Screw gauge 5
13 Oven 1
14 Small size mixer 1
15 Pycno Meter etc. 10
16 Melting point Apparatus Analogue 2
17 Sufficient Glassware of all kinds and sizes 5
Pharmacology/ Physiology and Anatomy Laboratory
Sr Equipments Quantity
1 Digital balance 4
2 Binocular Double Lenses Microscopes 5
3 E.S.R Pipettes with stand 10
4 Glass Test Tubes 200
5 Test Tub stands 20
6 Neubar Chamber 5
7 RBC Pipette 20
8 WBC Pipette 20
9 Sphygmomanometer 5
10 Stethoscope 5
11 Sahli’s haemometer 10
12 Antiserum A B & D 10
13 Histology Slides 10
14 Weight Machine 1
15 Snellen’s Chart (Eye) 5
16 Human skeleton 2
17 Stop watch 10
18 Gluco meter 4
19 Body Organs like Kidney, Ear and Heart 1
20 Sufficient Glassware of sizes and chemicals 5
Microbiology & Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory
Sr Equipments Quantity
1 Autoclave 1
2 Binocular Double Lenses Microscopes 5
3 Refrigerator 1
4 Burners 10
5 Wire loops 15
6 Digital balance 5
7 Incubator 1
8 Test tube stands 15
9 Different solutions and reagents (sufficien
10 Fume Hood 1
11 Sufficient Glassware of all sizes and chemicals

Pharmacognosy Laboratory

Sr Equipments Quantity
1 Binocular Double Lenses Microscopes 5
2 Soxhelt apparatus with heating mantle 500ml 2
3 Chromatographic jar 10
4 Crude drugs syllabus
5 Separating Funnels 5

Computer Laboratory
 Minimum of 15 Computers, core-series with access to printers and scanner)
 Minimum of 4-8 MB access rate shall be provided
Library

Sr Equipments Quantity
1 Biochemistry 10
2 Dictionary 10
3 Drug Law 10
4 Hospital Pharmacy 10
5 Microbiology 10
6 Pharmaceutics 10
7 Pharmacology 10
8 Physiology 10
9 Anatomy 10
10 Dispensing 10
11 Industrial pharmacy 10
12 Pharmacognosy 10
13 Physical Pharmacy 10
14 Quality Control 10
15 Text books (formulated by Punjab Pharmacy Council) 50
Introduction to our Project
Mr. Xyz is currently running academy in Multan and now they want to expand their
business in a medical education sector. They want to start a medical institution in which different
type of diplomas will be offered. They give us a project to make research on medical diploma
institutions that are currently running in the field of medical pharmacy.

In this project we collect this information:

 The process to getting license for the pharmacy medical institute.

 The document required for the license.
 Pharmacy categories in Pakistan.
 Pharmacy institute in Multan and their product and packages.
 High demand diploma category in Multan.
 Gap in the market.
 Furniture and equipment required for the institute.
 Which diplomas will be offered at start and packages?
 Which strategy we will use.
 How much financing is need?
 How much staff required?

We will collect all these information through the market survey and internet. We survey
pharmacy institute in Multan. We expect that through this information Mr. Xyz will start a
business.