15-Hydraulic Pumps (Compatibility Mode) PDF

PEMP
RMD 2501
Hydraulic Pumps
Session delivered by:

Prof Q.H.
Prof. Q H Nagpurwala
15 © M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 1

PEMP
RMD 2501
Session Objectives
This session is intended to discuss and understand the following:

Classification of hydraulic pumps
Construction and working principle of centrifugal pumps
Loss mechanism in centrifugal pumps
Performance characteristics of centrifugal
g ppumps
p

Classification of Pumps
PEMP
RMD 2501
Radial flow Single suction Self priming Open

Centrifugal Mixed flow Double suction Non self priming Semi open
Closed
Axial flow Single suction Single-stage impeller
Kinetic Peripheral M li
Multistage
Single-stage Self priming Open
Multistage Non self priming Single-stage Closed
Special Multistage impeller
Jet (ejector boosted)
Gas lift Simplex
Hydraulic ram Duplex Steam
Pumps Electromagnetic Double acting
Simplex
p
Piston plunger Single acting Duplex
Reciprocating Power
Double acting Multiplex
Diaphragm Simplex Fluid
Positive
Vane, Piston Multiplex operated
Displacement Blow case
Flexible, screw Mechanical
Single rotor
operated
Piston, screw
Rotary Multiple rotor Gear, Lobe
Circumferential
Centrifugal Pumps
PEMP
RMD 2501
¾ ‘Centrifugal’ means directing or moving away from the axis.

¾ Centrifugal pumps use an impeller and volute to create the partial vacuum and
discharge pressure necessary to move water through the casing.
¾ Radial flow and mixed flow pumps are commonly referred to as centrifugal
pumps.
¾ The rotating element of a centrifugal pump is called the impeller.
¾ The open impeller consists of a hub to which vanes are attached, while closed
impeller has plates or shrouds on each side of the vanes.
¾ The open impeller is less efficient compared to closed one but suited to
handling liquids containing solids.
solids
¾ Radial pumps are provided with a spiral casing often referred as a volute
casing which guides the flow from the impeller to the discharge pipe.
¾ The ever increasing flow cross section around the casing tends to maintain a
constant velocity with in the casing.
¾ Some pumps have diffuser vanes instead of a volute casing.
¾ Some pumps are of the double suction type.
type
¾ Higher the pressure drop or head, lower will be the flow rate.
Types of Pumps
PEMP
RMD 2501
Pumps can be broadly classified into:

• Kinetic
Axial Pump
Centrifugal Pump
Mixed Flow Pump
• Positive Displacement
Reciprocating Piston or Plunger
Gear Pump
Screw Pump
Lobe Pump

Basic Difference in Pump Types
PEMP
RMD 2501
Kinetic Pumps Head generators
Positive Displacement
p Pumps
p Flow g
generators

Kinetic Pumps (Turbomachines)
PEMP
RMD 2501
Shaft Shaft Shaft
A i l
Axial R di l
Radial Mi d fl
Mixed flow
¾ In axial flow pumps, the entry and exit is parallel to the axis of the impeller.
¾ In radial flow pumps, the exit is perpendicular to the flow at the inlet.
¾ In mixed flow pumps, the flow at the exit of the impeller is at an angle to the
i off the
axis th impeller.
i ll

Positive Displacement Pumps PEMP
RMD 2501
Reciprocating piston or plunger External gear pump Sliding vane
Double circumferential
Double screw pump Three lobe pump piston
Comparison of Pumps
PEMP
RMD 2501
Positive Displacement Pump Kinetic Pump (Turbomachine)

9 Creates thermodynamic and 9 Creates thermodynamic and dynamic
mechanical action between near static action between a flowing fluid and a
fluid and a relatively slow moving rotating element and involves energy
surface and involves a volume change transfer with pressure and momentum
or displacement of fluid. changes.
9 Commonly involves a reciprocating 9 In principle, it involves a steady flow
motion and unsteady flow of fluid, of fluid and pure rotary motion of the
though it is not impossible for the mechanical elements. It may also
machine to have a purely rotary motion involve unsteady flow for short periods
with near steady flow. of time especially while starting /
9 Since the fluid containment is positive, stopping or during load changes.
stopping a positive displacement However, in most instances the
machine during its operation traps a machine is designed for steady flow
certain
t i amountt off fluid
fl id andd maintains
i t i it conditions.
diti
indefinitely in a state different from 9 As there is no positive containment of
that of the surroundings, provided heat the fluid in a kinetic pump, stopping of
transfer and leakage
g are absent. the machine will let the fluid state
change rapidly and become the same as
that of the surroundings.
Comparison of Pumps
PEMP
RMD 2501
P i i Displacement
Positive Di l Pump
P Ki ti Pump
Kinetic P (Turbomachine)
(T b hi )
9 Employs rather low speeds and is 9 Employs high rotational speeds.
relatively complex in mechanical design. 9 Simple in design principle and light in
9 U ll heavy
Usually h per unit
it output.
t t Employs
E l i ht per unit
weight it power output.
t t
valves which are open only part of the 9 Foundations may be quite light since
time as in other reciprocating machines. vibrations problems are not severe.
9 Heavyy foundations are usuallyy needed 9 Do not employ valves that open and
because of the reciprocating masses and close in steady state operations.
consequent vibration problems. 9 Dynamic action in kinetic pumps results
9 Mechanical features are rather complex in lower efficiencies.
in these machines 9 During steady state operation,
operation the
9 Positive containment and near static valves are open all the time and
energy transfer process result in higher volumetric efficiency differs negligibly
efficiency. from 100%.
9 Low component life because of opening 9 Since valves are always open and fluid
and closing of valves during continuous velocities are high, a kinetic pump has a
operation. high fluid handling capacity per unit
weight of machine
machine.

Centrifugal Pumps
PEMP
RMD 2501
Closed or
shrouded
impeller
Semi open
impeller
Single Stage Double Suction Pump
PEMP
RMD 2501

Axial Flow Pumps PEMP
RMD 2501
¾ An axial flow pump essentially consists of a propeller in a tube.

¾ The propeller can be driven directly by a sealed motor in the tube or by a
right-angle drive shaft that pierces the tube.
¾ The main advantage of a axial flow pump is that it can easily be adjusted to
run at peak efficiency at low-flow/high-pressure and high-flow/low-pressure
by changing the pitch on the propeller.
Application of axial flow pump

• Evaporators
p and crystallizers
y
• Waste-water handling
• Sludge transfer
• Flood control
• Flume recirculation
• Irrigation
• Regeneration
• H t recovery
Heat
• High-volume mixing.
Pumping Station PEMP
RMD 2501

Casing of Centrifugal Pump
PEMP
RMD 2501
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(a) Schematic of flow through volute

(b) Double volute casing
(c) Double suction horizontally split volute casing
(d) High pressure volute casing with diffuser

Centrifugal Pump Installation
PEMP
RMD 2501
Typical centrifugal pump installation Typical axial flow pump installation

Centrifugal Pump Stages
PEMP
RMD 2501
• A single stage pump has only one impeller while a multi stage
has two or more impellers arranged in such a way that the
discharge from one impeller enters the eye of the next impeller
• Deep well pumps are turbine pumps (have vanes in casing) and
are multistage pumps
• Pump installation will have foot valve and check valve
Some application of multistage pumps
• Boiler feed pump

• Condensate extraction pump
• Deep well submersible pump
• Apartment blocks
Deep well
multistage pump
Centrifugal Pump Application
PEMP
RMD 2501
• Standard Centrifugal Pumps –

• used in clear water applications
• h
have l initial
low i i i l cost and
d compact design
d i
• limited solid handling capability
• can deliver flows up to 8-30 liter/min and heads in the range of 25-35 meter
• High Pressure Centrifugal Pumps –
• used where high discharge pressures and flow rates are required
• can deliver flows in the range
g of 6-8 liter/min and p
produce heads in excess
of 70 meter
• Trash Centrifugal Pumps –
• can handle large
g amounts of debris and mostlyy used byy contractors and the
rental industry
• can produce flows up to 12-75 liter/min and heads up to 45 meter

PEMP
Merits and Demerits RMD 2501
Advantages
• Wide range of capacities that range from a liter/min to 3000 liter/min. Heads
of 1 meter to 200 meter are generally available
• Simple construction (small amounts of suspended matter in the water will not
jam the pump)
• Low to moderate initial cost for a given size
• Moderate to high efficiency at optimal operation
• Little space required for a given capacity
Disadvantages
• Efficiency is limited to a narrow range of discharge flows and heads
• Low capacity that is greatly dependent on discharge pressure
• Potential for impeller to be damaged by abrasive matter in water

Pump Specification PEMP
RMD 2501
Booster pump Condensate extraction pump

Suction pressure 5.59 bar 0.09 bar abs
3
Vl
Volume fl
flow rate
t 250 m /h 160 3h
160m
Discharge pressure 9.16 bar 2.6 bar abs
Power input 36.3kW 46.5 kW
Speed 6000 rpm 4800 rpm
NPSH 22 m -NA-
Efficiency 81% -NA-
NA
Fluid handled Boiler feed pump Condensate
Specific gravity of fluid 0.9130 -NA-
T
Temperature
t off fluid
fl id 426 K 315 K
* The values are examples

Specific Speed of Centrifugal Pumps
PEMP
RMD 2501
V i ti iin specific
Variation ifi speedd with
ith type
t off pump
⎛n Q⎞
N s = ⎜⎜ e 3 ⎟⎟ ( British Units ) n: rpm, h: ft, Q: gpm
⎜ ⎟
⎝ h 4 ⎠ BEP
⎛ω Q ⎞
(N s )SI = ⎜ e 3 ⎟ ( SI Units
U it ) ω : rad/s, m Q: m3/s
rad/s h: m,
⎜ ⎟
⎝ ( gh )4 ⎠ BEP
PEMP
Classification and Selection of Pumps RMD 2501
Optimum geometry as a function of BEP specific speed (for single stage

rotors)
Ref: ‘Pump Handbook’ by Krassic et al

Classification and Selection of Pumps
PEMP
RMD 2501
Approximate upper limit of pressure and capacity by pump class

Ref: ‘Pump Handbook’ by Krassic et al
Pump Impeller
PEMP
RMD 2501
• The pump impeller receives the liquid to be

pumped and imparts velocity and pressure to it
by drawing power from a prime mover.
• The speed and diameter of the impeller
determines the head or pressure that the pump
can generate.
• The rotational speed and height of the impeller
bl d d
blades determines
t i th
the fl
flow th
thatt th
the pump can
accommodate.
A classic pump impeller receives liquid at its

internal diameter (ID). By centrifugal force and
blade design, the liquid is moved through the
blades from ID to OD of the impeller
impeller, where it
discharges the liquid into the volute channel.

Pump Impeller Types
PEMP
RMD 2501
Centrifugal pump impeller types are:

1. Forward swept impeller
2
2. R di l exit
Radial it impeller
i ll
3. Backswept impeller
H-Q curves for pump
1
1. Forwardd swept impeller
i ll is
i used
d
for low flow rate and head.
2. Backsweptp impeller
p is used for
high flow rate and head.
3. Radial exit impeller is used for
medium head and flow rate.
rate

Impeller Types and Velocity Triangle
PEMP
RMD 2501

Pump Velocity Triangles
PEMP
RMD 2501
Velocity triangle Vs flow and head

more flow (Va2 x A)
less head (Vw2 x U2)
Vw2 > V1w2
more flow
fl ((V1a2 x A))
less head (V1w2 x U2)
Vw2 < V1w2

Pump Velocity Triangles
PEMP
RMD 2501

PEMP
Fluid Mechanics of Centrifugal Pumps RMD 2501
• Rotating impeller imparts energy to the fluid

• Shape of the blades and the flow pattern in the impeller determines how much
energy is transferred
• Priniciple of conservation of angular momentum is used to find out the
theoretical head rise Hth
• Torque T = Q( ρVt2r2 - ρVt1r1 )
• Power P = Tω = ρQHthg

Terminology of Centrifugal Pumps
PEMP
RMD 2501
Suction Head (hs): It is the vertical height of the center line of the pump
above the water surface in the sump.p This height
g is the suction lift and is
denoted as hs
Delivery Head (hd): It is the vertical height between the center line of the
pump and water surface in the tank to which water is delivered.
delivered It is denoted
as hd
Static head (Hs): Static head is the vertical distance between the liquid level
i the
in h sump andd the
h delivery
d li tank.
k It is
i denoted
d d by
b Hs.
Therefore static head, Hs = hs+hd
Manometric Head (Hm) or effective head: It is the total head or lift that
must be produced by the pump to satisfy external requirement. It includes all
the losses.

PEMP
Pump System Installation RMD 2501

Head Developed by a Pump
PEMP
RMD 2501
h = Hd − Hs
⎛ Pd Vd2 ⎞ ⎛ Ps Vs2 ⎞
= ⎜⎜ + + Z d ⎟⎟ − ⎜⎜ + + Z s ⎟⎟
⎝ γ 2g ⎠ ⎝ γ 2g ⎠
PEMP
RMD 2501
• Total dynamic head

¾ For a horizontal pump the total dynamic head is
defined as
¾ For a vertical pump with pumping element

submerged, the total dynamic head is defined as

PEMP
RMD 2501

Effect of Specific Gravity of Fluid
PEMP
RMD 2501
These three pumps are developing the same discharge pressure. In this case they
d l different
develop diff t heads
h d inversely
i l proportional
ti l to
t the
th specific
ifi gravity
it off the
th fluids.
fl id

PEMP
Performance Characteristics RMD 2501
¾ The efficiency of a pump varies considerably depending upon the

conditions under which it must operate.
¾ When selecting a pump for a given situation, it is important to have
information regarding the performance of various pumps, from which the
selection can be made.
H-Q relation for ideal pump H-Q relation for actual pump
PEMP
Typical performance curves for a Effect of losses on the performance of

centrifugal pump at constant speed a centrifugal pump with backward
curved impeller vanes
Pump Performance
PEMP
RMD 2501
,Q Q0 Q1
Performance characteristics of a Operating point of a centrifugal pump

centrifugal pump at different speeds – System and pump characteristics
Ref: DOE Fundamentals Handbook (Thermodynamics, Heat Transfer,

and Fluid Flow), Volume 3 of 3, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington
Rep No. FSC-6910
Centrifugal Pumps in Parallel
PEMP
RMD 2501
,Q
Pump characteristics for two identical pumps in parallel
Since the inlet and the outlet

o tlet of each pump
p mp shown
sho n in the figure
fig re
are at identical points in the system, each pump must produce the
same pump head. The total flow rate in the system, however, is
the sum of the individual flow rates for each pump.
Centrifugal Pumps in Series
PEMP
RMD 2501
,Q
,Q
Pump characteristics for two Operating
p gppoints for two
identical pumps in series centrifugal pumps in series
Using two pumps in series does not actually double the resistance to flow in the
t
system. The
Th two
t pumps provide id adequate
d t pump head
h d for
f the
th new system
t andd also
l
maintain a slightly higher volumetric flow rate.
Various Pump Efficiencies
PEMP
RMD 2501
Manometric efficiency (ηm) is the ratio of manometric head developed by the

pump to the head imparted by the impeller (Euler head)
Hm
ηman =
H m + losses
Volumetric efficiency (ηvol) is the ratio of volume of liquid delivered to the actual
volume of liquid entering the impeller through suction pipe. Due to leakages, all
the liquid sucked into impeller does not pass through the delivery pipe.
Qd
ηvol = QL is the amount of water leakage
Qd + Ql
Mechanical efficiency (ηmech) is the ratio of power delivered by the impeller to
power supplied at the rotor shaft by the prime mover.
output power FluidPower γQh
η mech = = =
input power ShaftPower Tω
d li energy output
hhydraulic t t
Overall efficiency, ηoverall = = η man × η mech × ηvol
shaft power input
PEMP
Net Positive Suction Head RMD 2501
Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) of a pump is the difference

between the suction pressure and the saturation pressure of the fluid
being pumped. NPSH is used to measure how close a fluid is to
saturated conditions.
NPSH = Psuction – Psaturation
By maintaining the NPSH available at a level greater than the NPSH

required by the pump manufacturer, cavitation can be avoided.

Suction Specific Speed
PEMP
RMD 2501
• The way that a pump receives liquid into the impeller, determines the
available combination of discharge flow and head that the pump can
generate. Essentially, it determines the operating range of the pump.
• The operating range is quantified or rated by the term 'Suction
Specific Speed, Nss'. The Nss is calculated using three parameters:
speed flow rate
speed, rate, and NPSHr
NPSHr. These numbers are obtained from
pump's performance curves.
where, N = speed of the pump / motor in rpm

Q = flow rate at BEP
NPSHr = net positive suction head required by the pump at BEP

Pump Eficiency vs Specific Speed
PEMP
RMD 2501
Compilation by Balje (1981) of maximum efficiencies for various kinds of pumps as a

function of design specific speed, ND. Since efficiency is also a function of Reynolds
number, the data has been corrected to a Reynolds number, UD/ν, of 108.
Affinity Laws
PEMP
RMD 2501
Small speed reduction (e.g. ½) =

large power reduction (e.g.
(e g 1/8)

Affinity Laws
PEMP
RMD 2501

Flow through Pump Impeller
PEMP
RMD 2501
S
Secondary
d fl
flows iin the
th impeller
i ll passage S
Separated
t d flow
fl att the
th volute
l t lip
li
Ref: ‘Hydrodynamics of Pumps’ by C.E. Brennen
Losses in Centrifugal Pumps
PEMP
RMD 2501
H d
Hydraulic
li losses
l
¾ Skin friction and diffuser loss

- increase with the square of the flow rate and are dominant at high flow rates
¾ Volute losses
- depends on the impeller exit velocity
- increases with decreasing flow rate
¾ Incidence losses
- increases on both sides of the design flow rate
-inlet
inlet blade angle should be adjusted to minimise these losses
¾ Disk Friction and recirculation loss
- affect only the efficiency, not the head
Mechanical losses
¾ Disc friction between the fluid and the rotor
¾ Mechanical friction on the main bearing glands

Pump Efficiency
PEMP
RMD 2501
Manometric efficiency (ηm) is the ratio of manometric head developed by the

pump to the head imparted by the impeller (Euler head)
Hm
ηm =
H m + losses
Volumetric efficiency (ηvol) is the ratio of amount delivered pipe to the actual
amount of water entering the impeller through suction pipe. Due to leakages, all
the water sucked into impeller
p does not p
pass through
g the delivery
yppipe.
p
Qd
ηvol =
Qd + Ql
QL is the amount of water leakage

Pump Efficiency
PEMP
RMD 2501
Mechanical efficiency (ηmech) is the ratio of power delivered by the impeller to

power supplied at the rotor by shaft connected to the motor.
output power FluidPower γQh

η mechanical = = =
input power ShaftPower Tω
Overall efficiency (ηoverall) is the ratio of hydraulic energy output by the pump to
the shaft power input to the pump
ηoverall = η manometric ×η mechanical ×ηvolumetric

Pump Efficiency Curves
PEMP
RMD 2501

PEMP
¾ The efficiency of a pump varies considerably depending upon the conditions

under which it must operate
¾ When selecting gappumpp for a g
given situation,, it is important
p for the p
pumpp selector
to have information regarding the performance of various pumps among the
selection is to be made
Ideal H vs Q characteristics

PEMP
These are non-dimensional

Th di i l curves forf the
th various
i types
t off pumps,which
hi h show
h the th
head, brake horsepower, and efficiency plotted as a percent of their values at the
design or best efficiency point of the pump.
Characteristic curve for axial flow pump

For a typical axial flow pump, the head
and brake horsepower both increase
drastically near shutoff as shown in the
Figure.
Normal or rated capacity corresponds
to the point of optimum efficiency or
BEP-best efficient point.
The shutoff head is that which is
developed when there is no flow. in
case of the axial pump the shut off
head may y be as much as 3 times the
normal head.

PEMP
Characteristic curve for radial flow pump
• The above Figure shows that the head curve for a radial flow pump is
relatively flat and that the head decreases gradually as the flow
increases.
• Note that the brake horsepower increases gradually over the flow range
with the maximum normally at the point of maximum flow.
PEMP
Characteristic curve for mixed flow pump
• Mixed flow centrifugal pumps have considerably different characteristics as

shown in the above Fig. The head curve for a mixed flow pump is steeper
than for a radial flow pump.
• The shut
shut-off
off head is usually 150% to 200% of the design head,
head The brake
horsepower remains fairly constant over the flow range.
PEMP
Cavitation RMD 2501
¾ The process where the local absolute pressure of the fluid, somewhere in the
fluid, drops below the vapour pressure of the fluid and vapour bubbles are
formed.
¾ Bubbles move downstream and as they reach a region of higher pressure,
collapse and create a sudden high pressure pulse that can damage the material of
the flow walls.
¾ Impeller inlet region is more prone to cavitation since the lowest pressure
appears there.
¾ Prediction of the exact location and the extent of damageg is qquite difficult
¾ Cavitation is most likely to occur near the point of discharge of radial flow and
mixed flow impellers where the velocities are highest. It may also occur on the
suction side of the impeller,
p , where the pressure
p are the lowest.
¾ In the case of an axial flow pump, the blade tip is most vulnerable to cavitation.

Methods of Avoiding Cavitation
PEMP
RMD 2501
¾ Cavitation can be avoided if the

NPSH available is larger than the
NPSH required.
required
¾ The NPSH available is the total
energy per unit weight, or head at the
suction
i flange
fl off the
h pump minusi the
h
vapour pressure head of the fluid.
¾ The NPSH required
q is the minimum
suction head in order to function
properly and avoid cavitation.
¾ NPSH required is usually taken as
that value of NPSH available, where
3% drop of the total head occurs.

Session Summary
PEMP
RMD 2501
Classification of pumps based on specific speed has

been discussed.
discussed
Working principle of a centrifugal pump has been
described briefly.
Characteristics of centrifugal pumps with radial,
backswept and forward swept vanes are highlighted.
Cavitation phenomenon in pumps has been discussed
briefly.

References
PEMP
RMD 2501
• John Tuzson, Centrifugal Pump Design, John Wiley & Sons Inc, New
York
• www.machinedesign.com/BDE/FLUID/bdefp4/bdefp4_2.html
• www.pump-flo.com/company/archive.asp
• www lytron com/support/primer pressure drop htm
www.lytron.com/support/primer_pressure_drop.htm
• www.fluidedesign.com/download-free/ cavitation-extract.pdf
• www.pumps-in-stock.com/centrifugal_pump_designs.html
• www.pumps.org/public/pump_resources/pdfs/f01-75ab.pdf
/ bli / / df /f01 b df
• www.nesc.wvu.edu/ndwc/articles/OT/SU03/TB_SU03.html

PEMP
RMD 2501
Thank you

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PEMP

Session delivered by:

15 © M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 1

This session is intended to discuss and understand the following:

15 © M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 2

Radial flow Single suction Self priming Open

¾ ‘Centrifugal’ means directing or moving away from the axis.

Pumps can be broadly classified into:

 Mixed Flow Pump

15 © M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 5

Kinetic Pumps Head generators

15 © M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 6

Shaft Shaft Shaft

15 © M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 7

Reciprocating piston or plunger External gear pump Sliding vane

Positive Displacement Pump Kinetic Pump (Turbomachine)

15 © M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 10

15 © M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 12

¾ An axial flow pump essentially consists of a propeller in a tube.

Application of axial flow pump

15 © M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 14

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(a) Schematic of flow through volute

15 © M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 15

Typical centrifugal pump installation Typical axial flow pump installation

15 © M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 16

Some application of multistage pumps

• Boiler feed pump

• Standard Centrifugal Pumps –

15 © M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 18

Merits and Demerits RMD 2501

15 © M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 19

Booster pump Condensate extraction pump

* The values are examples

Optimum geometry as a function of BEP specific speed (for single stage

Ref: ‘Pump Handbook’ by Krassic et al

Approximate upper limit of pressure and capacity by pump class

• The pump impeller receives the liquid to be

A classic pump impeller receives liquid at its

15 © M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 24

Centrifugal pump impeller types are:

H-Q curves for pump

15 © M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 25

15 © M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 26

Velocity triangle Vs flow and head

15 © M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 27

15 © M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 28

• Rotating impeller imparts energy to the fluid

15 © M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 29

15 © M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 30

Pump System Installation RMD 2501

15 © M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 31

• Total dynamic head

¾ For a vertical pump with pumping element

15 © M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 33

15 © M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 34

15 © M.S. Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies 35

Performance Characteristics RMD 2501

¾ The efficiency of a pump varies considerably depending upon the

Performance Characteristics RMD 2501

Typical performance curves for a Effect of losses on the performance of

Performance characteristics of a Operating point of a centrifugal pump

Ref: DOE Fundamentals Handbook (Thermodynamics, Heat Transfer,

Mixed Flow Pump

Classification of pumps based on specific speed has