Design Applications in Hydrology Calcul; late the entrance head loss using the culvert velocity. K. = 05 (Table 9-4, square-cut end projecting from fill), Hen = K, (5) 2g = 05(1.43) = 0.724 Calculate the exit head | i loss using both the culvert velocity and th downstream channel velocity. Fl . ne Hex, = (V?/28)cuvert ~ (V?/28) channel =[9.607/2(32.2 ft/sec”)] — [3.447/2(32.2 ft/sec”)] 25ft. Calculate the friction loss through the culvert. pg ‘ =1(—25, 4 149AR?).. 1728 x 0.012 : 6x3 Fr 1.49(6 x 3(o%35) (e = 4 culvert is flowing fu) =42 = 0.25 ft, ea Ho= Heat + Hesitt Ap 2072 41.25 0.25 : 22 ft > 1.99 ft allowable. ert to reduce the total head loss, Increase span of culve i “pry 7.x 3 culvert and use the same calculations as before to solve: Ary sss Hog = 053 ft, Hes = 0878 Arms mye mS = 0.17 ft 2053.4 081 + O17, "157 ft <2 ft allowable, OK.Figure E9-2(c) 7 x 3 Box Culvert at 0.20% ——> Final design of culvert crossing. 5. Check the final design. HWelevation = TW elevation + H = 84.01 + 157 = 85.58 ft < 86.0 ft, OK. A note of caution on the use of elevations versus depths. In the aboy: caleulation, we are actually using the HW and TW elevations. In Equa. tion (9-9), the terms used to balance the equation are depths, The final design is illustrated in Figure E9-2(c). Due to the relatively high velocity through the box culvert (823 fusec), erosion-control features should include concrete slope paving or broken rock of sufficient size, gradation, and weight to not be rolled downstream by the velocity of the water, placed strategically along the channel slope face. This same culvert configuration can be modeled in HEC-RAS with very much the same results. As can be seen from the culvert output window in Fig- ure 9-13, the entrance, exit, and friction losses are exactly the same as calculated above, The minor difference in upstream water surface elevation is due to the modeling methodology used in HEC-RAS for culvert routines. RAS calculates the water surface elevation at the first cross section upstream of the culvert by computing the water surface that corresponds to the energy for the given flow rate, The input is rather straightforward, and, following the standard culvert modeling procedures outlined in the HEC-RAS User's ‘Manual available on- line, the same input data as described in the above example will yield the same results illustrated in Figs. 9-13 and 9-14. (Note: The exact cross-section loca- tions in HEC-RAS will vary the water surface elevation results slightly.) Complex Culvert Design and ‘Analysis Using HEC-RAS a mpl As previously stated, culvert design can be decei vingly comple a oo applications, as illustrated above in Example 9-2, hand cal ay work very well and suitably for a given scenario. ‘There are numel " si sulvé veferonee manuals for culvert design with nomographs for varioos i" ee