3.

DETERMINATION OF STATIC FORCE

3.4 Vertical Distribution of Static Lateral Force
Code Provision: The total force shall be distributed over the height of the structure in
the absence of a more rigorous procedure.
n
V  Ft   Fi
i 1

The concentrated force Ft at the top, which is addition to Fn shall be determined as:
Ft  0.07TV  0.25V

The value of T used for the purpose of calculating Ft shall be the period that
corresponds with the design base shear. Ft may be considered zero where T is 0.7
sec or less. The remaining portion of the base shear shall be distributed over the
height of the structure, including level n according the following equation:
(V  Ft )w x hx
Fx  n
 wi hi
i 1

At each level designated as x, the force Fx shall be applied over the area of the
building in accordance with the mass distribution at that level. Structural
displacements and design seismic forces shall be calculated as the effect of forces
Fx and Ft applied at the appropriate levels above the base.
3. DETERMINATION OF STATIC FORCE
Example Problem 3.5. A ten-storey building has a moment-resisting steel frame for
a lateral force-resisting system. Determine the vertical distribution of lateral forces
Fx, given the following information: A B STOREY
WEIGHT
C
8000 8000

 Structure is located in Zone 4;

900 kN Roof

4000
 Seismic source type: B 1800 kN 10th

4000
 Distance to seismic source = 10 km 1800 kN 9th

 Soil profile type: Sc

4000
1800 kN 8th

 Occupancy importance: Standard

4000
1800 kN 7th

Solution and discussion:

4000
2600 kN 6th

To start the solution, initially, determine

4000
the structure period T and the its design 1800 kN 5th

base shear V.

4000
Using Method A, the structure period T:
1800 kN 4th

4000
1900 kN 3rd
3/4
T  Ct ( hn )

4000
where Ct  0.0853, hn  42 m 2000 kN 2nd

T  0.0853( 42)3 / 4 6000

T  1.407 sec GF

TYPICAL ELEVATION
DETERMINATION OF STATIC FORCE

Get Na and Nv using and correspondingly Ca and Cv

Na  1.0 Ca  0.40Na ; Cv  0.56Nv

Nv  1.0 Ca  0.40(1.0 ); Cv  0.56(1.0 )
Ca  0.40; Cv  0.56
then, the design base shear, V, where R = 8.0 and W = 18200 kN.
Cv I
V W
RT
0.56(1.0)
V (18200)
(8.0)(1.407)
V  905.47 kN
Check the limits of the value of base shear V. The total base shear need not
exceed
2.5Ca I
V W
R
and need not be less than 2.5(0.4)(1.0)
V  0.11CaIW
V  (18200)
8.0
V  0.11(0.40)(1.0)(18200) V  2275 kN
V  800.8 kN
in Zone 4, the total base shear shall not be less than V
0.8ZN v I
W
R
0.8(0.4)(1.0)(1.0)
V (18200)
8.0
V  728 kN
therefore, use V = 905.47 kN
Determine the force Ft (concentrated force applied at the top of the structure).

since T = 1.407 sec > 0.7 sec, then

Ft  0.07TV need not exceed 0.25V
Ft  0.07(1.407)(905.47)  0.25(905.47)
Ft  89.18 kN  226.37 kN [ok]

Find the remaining lateral force Fx at each level.

(V  Ft )w x hx
Fx  n
 w i hi
i 1

where, (V-Ft) = 905.47 – 89.18 = 816.29 kN

simplifying the working formula for determining Fx at each level.

816.29wx hx
Fx  10

wh
i 1
i i
3. DETERMINATION OF STATIC FORCE
Calculating the vertical distribution of static lateral force by tabulating the results
below:

Storey
Level x Height
(m)

11 4.00
10 4.00
9 4.00
8 4.00
7 4.00
6 4.00
5 4.00
4 4.00
3 4.00
2 6.00
1
3. DETERMINATION OF STATIC FORCE
Calculating the vertical distribution of static lateral force by tabulating the results
below:

Storey
hx
Level x Height
(m)
(m)

11 4.00 42.00
10 4.00 38.00
9 4.00 34.00
8 4.00 30.00
7 4.00 26.00
6 4.00 22.00
5 4.00 18.00
4 4.00 14.00
3 4.00 10.00
2 6.00 6.00
1
3. DETERMINATION OF STATIC FORCE
Calculating the vertical distribution of static lateral force by tabulating the results
below:

Storey
hx wx
Level x Height
(m) (kN)
(m)

11 4.00 42.00 900

10 4.00 38.00 1800
9 4.00 34.00 1800
8 4.00 30.00 1800
7 4.00 26.00 1800
6 4.00 22.00 2600
5 4.00 18.00 1800
4 4.00 14.00 1800
3 4.00 10.00 1900
2 6.00 6.00 2000
1
18200
3. DETERMINATION OF STATIC FORCE
Calculating the vertical distribution of static lateral force by tabulating the results
below:

Storey
hx wx w xh x
Level x Height
(m) (kN) (kN-m)
(m)

11 4.00 42.00 900 37800

10 4.00 38.00 1800 68400
9 4.00 34.00 1800 61200
8 4.00 30.00 1800 54000
7 4.00 26.00 1800 46800
6 4.00 22.00 2600 57200
5 4.00 18.00 1800 32400
4 4.00 14.00 1800 25200
3 4.00 10.00 1900 19000
2 6.00 6.00 2000 12000
1
18200 414000
3. DETERMINATION OF STATIC FORCE
Calculating the vertical distribution of static lateral force by tabulating the results
below:

Storey w h
hx wx w x h x 10 x x
Level x Height
(m) (kN) (kN-m)  w i hi
(m) i 1

11 4.00 42.00 900 37800 0.0913

10 4.00 38.00 1800 68400 0.1652
9 4.00 34.00 1800 61200 0.1478
8 4.00 30.00 1800 54000 0.1304
7 4.00 26.00 1800 46800 0.1130
6 4.00 22.00 2600 57200 0.1382
5 4.00 18.00 1800 32400 0.0783
4 4.00 14.00 1800 25200 0.0609
3 4.00 10.00 1900 19000 0.0459
2 6.00 6.00 2000 12000 0.0290
1
18200 414000 1.000
3. DETERMINATION OF STATIC FORCE
Calculating the vertical distribution of static lateral force by tabulating the results
below:

Lateral
Storey w x hx Story
hx wx w xh x
Level x Height 10 Force,
(m)
(m) (kN) (kN-m)  w i hi F x +F t
i 1
(kN)
Ft = 89.180
V-F t = 816.290
11 4.00 42.00 900 37800 0.0913 163.707
10 4.00 38.00 1800 68400 0.1652 134.851
9 4.00 34.00 1800 61200 0.1478 120.648
8 4.00 30.00 1800 54000 0.1304 106.444
7 4.00 26.00 1800 46800 0.1130 92.241
6 4.00 22.00 2600 57200 0.1382 112.811
5 4.00 18.00 1800 32400 0.0783 63.916
4 4.00 14.00 1800 25200 0.0609 49.712
3 4.00 10.00 1900 19000 0.0459 37.468
2 6.00 6.00 2000 12000 0.0290 23.672
1
18200 414000 1.000 905.470
3. DETERMINATION OF STATIC FORCE
Calculating the vertical distribution of static lateral force by tabulating the results
below:

Lateral
Storey w x hx Story Story
hx wx w xh x
Level x Height 10 Force, Shear,
(m)
(m) (kN) (kN-m)  w i hi F x +F t V x (kN)
i 1
(kN)
Ft = 89.180
V-F t = 816.290
11 4.00 42.00 900 37800 0.0913 163.707 163.707
10 4.00 38.00 1800 68400 0.1652 134.851 298.558
9 4.00 34.00 1800 61200 0.1478 120.648 419.206
8 4.00 30.00 1800 54000 0.1304 106.444 525.650
7 4.00 26.00 1800 46800 0.1130 92.241 617.891
6 4.00 22.00 2600 57200 0.1382 112.811 730.702
5 4.00 18.00 1800 32400 0.0783 63.916 794.618
4 4.00 14.00 1800 25200 0.0609 49.712 844.330
3 4.00 10.00 1900 19000 0.0459 37.468 881.798
2 6.00 6.00 2000 12000 0.0290 23.672 905.470
1
18200 414000 1.000 905.470
3. DETERMINATION OF STATIC FORCE
Calculating the vertical distribution of static lateral force by tabulating the results
below:

Lateral
Storey w x hx Story Story Overturning
hx wx w xh x
Level x Height 10 Force, Shear, Moment, M x
(m)
(m) (kN) (kN-m)  w i hi F x +F t V x (kN)
i 1 (kN-m)
(kN)
Ft = 89.180
V-F t = 816.290
11 4.00 42.00 900 37800 0.0913 163.707 163.707 654.829
10 4.00 38.00 1800 68400 0.1652 134.851 298.558 1849.063
9 4.00 34.00 1800 61200 0.1478 120.648 419.206 3525.887
8 4.00 30.00 1800 54000 0.1304 106.444 525.650 5628.488
7 4.00 26.00 1800 46800 0.1130 92.241 617.891 8100.052
6 4.00 22.00 2600 57200 0.1382 112.811 730.702 11022.861
5 4.00 18.00 1800 32400 0.0783 63.916 794.618 14201.333
4 4.00 14.00 1800 25200 0.0609 49.712 844.330 17578.652
3 4.00 10.00 1900 19000 0.0459 37.468 881.798 21105.842
2 6.00 6.00 2000 12000 0.0290 23.672 905.470 26538.662
1
18200 414000 1.000 905.470
3. ASSIGNMENT
Example Problem 3.5. A eleven-storey building has a moment-resisting steel frame
for a lateral force-resisting system. Determine the vertical distribution of lateral
forces Fx, given the following information:

 Structure is located in Zone 4;

 Seismic source type: A
 Distance to seismic source = 10 km
 Soil profile type: Sc
 Occupancy importance: Essential