Exercises 1

Structure
Directions: Questions 1-35 are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence you will see
four words or phrases, marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Choose the one word or phrase that
best completes the sentence. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question
and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.

1. __________ was backed up for miles on the freeway.

(A) Yesterday (C) Traffic
(B) In the morning (D) Cars

2. The boy ____________ going to the movies with a friend.

(A) he is (C) is relaxing
(B) he always was (D) will be

3. With his friend ____________ found the movie theater.

(A) has (C) later
(B) he (D) when

4. __________, George, is attending the lecture.

(A) Right now (C) Because of the time
(B) Happily (D) My friend

5. _________, Sarah rarely misses her basketball shots.

(A) An excellent basketball player (C) Sarah is an excellent basketball player
(B) An excellent basketball player is (D) Her excellent basketball play

6. The child __________ playing in the yard is my son.

(A) now (C) he
(B) is (D) was

7. The tetracyclines,________antibiotics, are used to treat infections.

(A) are a family of (C) a family of
(B) being a family (D) their family is

8. A power failure occurred,_________the lamps went out.

(A) then (C) later
(B) so (D) next

9. ___________ was late, I missed the appointment.

(A) I (C) The train
(B) Because (D) Since he

10. The three basic chords in__________the tonic, the dominant, and the subdominant.
(A) functional harmony (C) functional harmony are
(B) functional harmony is (D) functional harmony they are
11. ___________was late caused many problems.
(A) That he (C) There
(B) The driver (D) Because

12._______________was on television made me angry.

(A) It (C) What
(B) The story (D) When

13. The gift____________selected for the bride was rather expensive.

(A) because (C) since
(B) was (D) which we

14. __________is on the table has four sections.

(A) The notebook (C) Because the notebook
(B) The notebook which (D) In the notebook

15. The same symptoms that occur___________occur with cocaine.

(A) amphetamines can (C) so amphetamines
(B) with amphetamines can (D) with amphetamines they

16. If a food label indicates that a food is mostly carbohydrate, it does not mean____is a
good food to eat.
(A) and it (C) that it
(B) and (D) when

17. The lawyer asked the client why____________it.

(A) did he do (C) he did
(B) did he (D) did

18. On the second level of the parking lot___________

(A) is empty (C) some empty stalls are
(B) are empty (D) are some empty stalls

19. The report would have been accepted___________in checking its accuracy.
(A) if more care (C) had taken more care
(B) more care had been taken (D) had more care been taken

20. There are geographic, economic, and cultural reasons why ____ around the world.
(A) diets differ (C) are diets different
(B) do diets differ (D) to differ a diet

21. Potassium has a valence of positive one because it usually loses one electron when
_________with other elements.
(A) does it combine (C) in combining
(B) it combines (D) combination

22. Individual differences in brain-wave activity may shed light on why some people are
more prone to emotional stress disorders_________
(A) that others are (C) others are
(B) and others are (D) than are others
23. Political demonstrations on American campuses have abated _________________
(A) after 1970 (C) for 1970
(B) in 1970 (D) since 1970

24. Ancient civilizations such as those of the Phoenicians and the Mesopotamians
_____________ goods rather than use money.
(A) use to trade (C) used to trade
(B) is used to trade (D) was used to trade

25. Justice Sandra Day O'Connor was ___________ to serve on the U.S. Supreme Court.
(A) the woman who first (C) who the first woman
(B) the first woman (D) the first and a woman

26. North Carolina is well known not only for the Great Smoky Mountains National Park
____________ for the Cherokee Indian settlements.
(A) also (C) but also
(B) and (D) because of

27. General Grant had General Lee ____________ him at Appomattox to sign the official
surrender of the Confederate forces.
(A) to meet (C) meet
(B) met (D) meeting

28. If a ruby is heated it ____________ temporarily lose its color.

(A) would (C) does
(B) will (D) has

29.____________ small specimen of the embryonic fluid is removed from a fetus, it will be
possible to determine whether the baby will be born with birth defects.
(A) A (C) If a
(B) That a (D) When it is a

30. All of the people at the AAME conference are ____________ .

(A) mathematic teachers (C) mathematics teacher
(B) mathematics teachers (D) mathematic's teachers

31. Only in extremely dangerous situations ______ stopped.

(A) will be the printing presses (C) that the printing presses will be
(B) the printing presses will be (D) will the printing presses be

32. If it ____________ more humid in the desert of the Southwest, the hot temperatures
would be unbearable.
(A) be (C) was
(B) is (D) were

33. ________variety of flowers in the show, from simple carnations to the most
exquisite roses.
(A) A wide (C) Was there
(B) There was a wide (D) Many
34. In the Morgan Library in New York City_________of medieval and Renaissance
manuscripts.
(A) a collection is (C) is a collection
(B) in a collection (D) which is a collection

35. Of all the cereals, rice is the one ____________ food for more people than any of the
other grain crops.
(A) it provides
(B) that providing
(C) provides
(D) that provides
 Written Expression
Directions: In questions 36-70, each sentence has four underlined words or phrases. The four underlined
parts of the sentence are marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Identify the one underlined word or phrase that
must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of
the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.

36. The duties of the secretary are(A) to take(B) the minutes, mailing(C) the correspondence, and calling the
members before meetings(D).

37. If biennials were planted this year, they will be(A) likely (B) to bloom(C) next year(D).

38. The value of the dollar(A) declines(B) as(C) the rate of inflation raises(D).

39. Even though a member has drank(A) too much(B) the night before(C), the counselors at Alcoholics
Anonymous will try to convince(D) him or her to sober up and stop drinking again.

40. Anthropologists assert that many of the early American Plains Indians did not engage in planting crops
but(A) to hunt(B), living(C) primarily(D) on buffalo meat.

41. The neutron bomb provides the capable(A) of a limited(B) nuclear war in which(С) buildings would be
preserved(D), but people would be destroyed.

42. The differential attractions of the sun and the moon have(A) a direct effect in(B) the rising(C) and falling
of(D) the tides.

43. With special enzymes that are call(A) restriction enzymes, it is possible to split off(B) segments of DNA
from(C) the donor(D) organism.

44. Before TV, the common man seldom never(A) had(B) the opportunity to see and hear(C) his leaders
express their(D) views.

45. If(A) it receives enough(B) rain at the proper time, hay will grow(C) quickly, as(D) grass.

46. Psychology Today is(A) interesting(B), informative, and it is(C) easy to read(D) .

47. Before(A) she died, Andrew Jackson's daughter, who(B) lives(C) in the family mansion, used to(D) take
tourists through her home.

48. It is essential that the temperature is not(A) elevated to a point(B) where the substance formed may
become(C) unstable and decompose into its(D) constituent elements.

49. Two of the players(A) from the Yankees has(B) been chosen(C) to participate(D) in the All Star game.

50. John Philip Sousa, who(A) many(B) people consider the greatest(C) composer of marches, wrote his music
during the era known as(D) the Gay 90s.

51. Although it(A) can be derived from(B) oil, coal, and tar, kerosene is usually produced(C) by refine(D) it from
petroleum.

52. Aeronomy is(A) the study(B) of the earth's(C) upper atmosphere, which includes their(D) composition,
temperature, density, and chemical reactions.

53. The new model costs(A) twice more than(B) last(C) year's(D) model.

54. The purpose of(A) the United Nations, broad speaking(B) , is(C) to maintain peace and security and to
encourage(D) respect for human rights.

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55. Aging(A) in most animals(B) can be readily modified when they(C) will limit(D) caloric intake.

56. Even though(A) Miss Alabama lost the beauty contest, she was(B) still more prettier(C) than(D) the other
girls in the Miss America pageant.

57. Although Congressional representatives and senators may serve an unlimited number of term(A), the
president is limited(B) to two, for a total(C) of eight years(D).

58. Although we are concerned(A) about the problem of energy sources, we must not(B) fail recognizing(C)
the need for(D) environmental protection.

59. Because of(A) the movement of a glacier, the form (B) of(C) the Great Lakes was very slow(D).

60. In(A) 1776 to 1800, the population(B) of the U.S. continued to rise(C), reaching(D) five million citizens by
the turn of the century.

61. The male cicada sound(A) is made by specialized structures(B) on the abdomen and which apparently(C)
severs to attract(D) females.

62. Televisions are now an everyday(A) feature of most households(B) in the United States, and television
viewing(C) is the number one activity leisure(D).

63. Bacteria are one of the most abundant(A) life forms(B) on Earth, growing on and inside another(C) living
things, in every type of environment(D).

64. Fluorine is a greenish(A) gas too(B) active that even water and(C) glass burn in it(D).

65. In general, novels are thought of extended(A) works of prose fiction depicting(B) the inner and outer
lives(C) of their characters(D).

66. Metabolism is the inclusive(A) term for the chemical(B) reactions by which(C) the cells of an organism
transforms(D) energy, maintain their identity, and reproduce.

67. Although(A) most petroleum is produced from(B) underground reservoirs, petroleum occurs in a
varieties(C)of forms at the surface(D).

68. A musical organ(A) can have pipes of two kinds(B): flue pipes that work like (C) a flute and reed pipes
that operate on same(D) principle as a clarinet.

69. The Land Ordinance of 1784 divided(A) the western lands belonging to the United States into(B)
territories, each to be govern(C) temporarily by its(D) settlers.

70. If there is(A) too much pituitary hormone of too few(B) insulin, the amount(C) of sugar in the blood rises
abnormally(D), producing a condition called hyperglycemia.

PART III READING

Direction: Choose the correct answer based on the text

Questions 1-9
In 1972, a century after the first national park in the United States was established at Yellowstone,
legislation was passed to create the National Marine Sanctuaries Program. The intent of this
legislation was to provide protection to selected coastal habitats similar To that existing for land
areas designated as national parks. The designation of an areas

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5. a marine sanctuary indicates that it is a protected area, just as a national park is. People are
permitted to visit and observe there, but living organisms and their environments may not be
harmed or removed.
The National Marine Sanctuaries Program is administered by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, a branch of the United States Department of Commerce.
10. Initially, 70 sites were proposed as candidates for sanctuary status. Two and a half decades later,
only fifteen sanctuaries had been designated, with half of these established after
1978. They range in size from the very small (less than I square kilometer) Fagatele Bay National
Marine Sanctuary in American Samoa to the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary in California,
extending over 15,744 square kilometers.
15. The National Marine Sanctuaries Program is a crucial part of new management practices in which
whole communities of species, and not just individual species, are offered some degree of
protection from habitat degradation and overexploitation. Only in this way can a reasonable degree
of marine species diversity be maintained in a setting that also maintains the natural
interrelationships that exist among these species.
16. Several other types of marine protected areas exist in the United States and other countries. The
National Estuarine Research Reserve System, managed by the United States government, includes
23 designated and protected estuaries. Outside the United States, marine protected-area programs
exist as marine parks, reserves, and preserves. Over 100 designated areas exist around the
periphery of the Carbbean Sea. Others range
25. from the well-known Australian Great Barrer Reef Marine Park to lesser-known parks in countries
such as Thailand and Indonesia, where tourism is placing growing pressures on fragile coral reef
systems. As state, national, and international agencies come to recognize the importance of
conserving marine biodiversity, marine projected areas. whether as sanctuaries, parks, or estuarine
reserves, will play an increasingly important role in preserving that diversity.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) Differences among marine parks, sanctuaries, and reserves
(B) Various marine conservation programs (C) International agreements on coastal protection
(D) Similarities between land and sea protected environments
2. The word “intent” in line 3 is closest in meaning to
(A) repetition (B) approval
(C) goal (D) revision

3. The word “administered” in line 8 is closest in meaning to

(A) managed (B) recognized
(C) opposed (D) justified

4. The word “these” in line 11 refers to

(A) sites (B) candidates
(C) decades (D) sanctuaries

5. The passage mentions the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary (lines 13-14) as an example of
a sanctuary that
(A) is not well know
(B) covers a large area
(C) is smaller than the Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary
(D) was not originally proposed for sanctuary status

6. According to the passage, when was the National Marine Sanctuaries Program established?
(A) Before 1972
(B) After 1987
(C) One hundred years before national parks were established
(D) One hundred years after Yellowstone National Park was established

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7. According to the passage, all of the following are achievements of the National Marine Sanctuaries
Program EXCEPT
(A) the discovery of several new marine organisms
(B) the preservation of connections between individual marine species
(C) the protection of coastal habitats
(D) the establishment of areas where the public can observe marine life

8. The word “periphery” in line 24 is closest in meaning to

(A) depth (B) landmass
(C) warm habitat (D) outer edge

9. The passage mentions which of the following as a threat to marine areas outside the United
States?
(A) Limitations in financial support (B) The use of marine species as food
(C) Variability of the climate (D) Increases in tourism

Questions 10-17
From their inception, most rural neighborhoods in colonial North America included
at least one carpenter, joiner, sawyer, and cooper in woodworking; a weaver and a tailor for
clothing production; a tanner, currier, and cordwainer (shoemaker) for fabricating leather objects;
and a blacksmith for metalwork, Where stone was the local building material, a
5. mason was sure to appear on the list of people who paid taxes. With only an apprentice as an
assistant, the rural artisan provided the neighborhood with common goods from furniture
to shoes to farm equipment in exchange for cash or for “goods in kind” from the customer’s
9. field, pasture, or dairy. Sometimes artisans transformed material provided by the customer wove
cloth of yam spun at the farm from the wool of the family sheep; made chairs or tables
10. from wood cut in the customer’s own woodlot; produced shoes or leather breeches from cow,
deer, or sheepskin tanned on the farm.
Like their farming neighbors, rural artisans were part of an economy seen, by one historian, as “an
orchestra conducted by nature.” Some tasks could not be done in the winter, other had to be put
off during harvest time, and still others waited on raw materials that were
15. only produced seasonally. As the days grew shorter, shop hours kept pace, since few artisans
could afford enough artificial light to continue work when the Sun went down. To the best
of their ability, colonial artisans tried to keep their shops as efficient as possible and to regularize
their schedules and methods of production for the best return on their investment in time, tools,
and materials, While it is pleasant to imagine a woodworker, for example,
20. carefully matching lumber, joining a chest together without resort to nails or glue, and applying all
thought and energy to carving beautiful designs on the finished piece, the time required was not
justified unless the customer was willing to pay extra for the quality—
and few in rural areas were, Artisans, therefore, often found it necessary to employ as many
shortcuts and economics as possible while still producing satisfactory products.

10. What aspect of rural colonial North America does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) Farming practices (B) The work of artisans
(C) The character of rural neighborhoods (D) Types of furniture that were popular

11. The word “inception” in line 1 is closest in meaning to

(A) investigation (B) location
(C) beginning (D) records

12. The word “fabricating” in line 3 is closest in meaning to

(A) constructing (B) altering
(C) selecting (D) demonstrating

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 13. It can be inferied from the from the passage that the use of artificial light in colonial times was
(A) especially helpful to woodworkers (B) popular in rural areas
(C) continuous in winter (D) expensive

14. Why did colonial artisans want to “regularize their schedules their schedules” (line 18)?
(A) To enable them to produce high quality products
(B) To enable them to duplicate an item many times
(C) To impress their customers
(D) To keep expenses low

15. The phrase “resort to” in line 20 is closest in meaning to

(A) protecting with (B) moving toward (C) manufacturing (D) using

16. The word “few’ in lines 23 refers to

(A) woodworkers (B) finished pieces
(C) customers (D) chests

17. It can inferred that the artisans referred to in

the passage usually produced products that
were
(A) simple (B) delicate
(C) beautifully decorated (D) exceptionally long-lasting

Exercises 2
PART I STRUCTURE
Direction: Choose the correct answer to complete the sentences
1. ________team sports require cooperation.
(A) Of all (B) They are all (C) All (D) Why are all
2. Anyone who has ever pulled weeds from a garden ________roots firmly anchor
plants to the soil.
(A) is well aware of (B) is well aware that (C) well aware (D) well aware that
3. Centuries of erosion have exposed ________ rock surfaces in the Painted Desert of northern Arizona.
(A) in colors of the rainbow (B) colored like a rainbow
(C) rainbow-colored (D) a rainbow's coloring
4. The higher the temperature of a molecule, ________
(A) the more energy it has (B) than it has more energy
(C) more energy has it (D) it has more energy
5. Frontier surgeon Ephraim MacDonald had to perform operations ________anesthesia.
(A) no (B) not having (C) without (D) there wasn't

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6. ________young, chimpanzees are easily trained.
(A) When are (B) When (C) They are (D) When they
7. A person of ________age may suffer from defects of vision.
(A) every (B) some (C) certain (D) any
8. ________have settled, one of their first concerns has been to locate an adequate water supply.
(A) Wherever people (B) There are people who (C) Whether people (D) People
9. If a bar magnet is , ________the two pieces form two complete magnets, each with a north and south
pole.
(A) broken (B) broke (C) breaking (D) break
10. The type of plant and animal life living in and around a pond depends on the soil of the pond,
________ ,and the pond's location.
(A) what the quality of the water is (B) how is the water quality
(C) the quality of the water (D) what is the water quality
11. Clifford Holland, ________ civil engineer, was in charge of the construction of the first tunnel under
the Hudson River.
(A) he was a (B) a (C) being a (D) who, as a
12. ________parrots are native to tropical regions is untrue.
(A) That all (B) All (C) Why all (D) Since all
13. A major concern among archaeologists today is the preservation of archaeological sites, ________are
threatened by development.
(A) of which many (B) many of them
(C) which many (D) many of which
14. In 1775 Daniel Boone opened the Wilderness Trail and made________ the first settlements in
Kentucky.
(A) possibly it was (B) as possible (C) possible (D) it possible
15. Rarely ________seen far from water.
(A) spotted turtles (B) spotted turtles are
(C) have spotted turtles (D) are spotted turtles
16. Political demonstrations on American campuses have abated _________________
(A) after 1970 (B) in 1970 (C) for 1970 (D) since 1970
17. Ancient civilizations such as those of the Phoenicians and the Mesopotamians _____________ goods
rather than use money.
(A) use to trade (B) is used to trade (C) used to trade (D) was used to trade
18. Justice Sandra Day O'Connor was ___________ to serve on the U.S. Supreme Court.
(A) the woman who first (B) the first woman (C) who the first woman (D) the first and a woman
19. North Carolina is well known not only for the Great Smoky Mountains National Park ____________ for
the Cherokee Indian settlements.
(A) also (B) and (C) but also (D) because of

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20. General Grant had General Lee ____________ him at Appomattox to sign the official surrender of the
Confederate forces.
(A) to meet (B) met (C) meet (D) meeting
21. If a ruby is heated it ____________ temporarily lose its color.
(A) would (B) will (C) does (D) has
22.____________ small specimen of the embryonic fluid is removed from a fetus, it will be possible to
determine whether the baby will be born with birth defects.
(A) A (B) That a (C) If a (D) When it is a
23. All of the people at the AAME conference are ____________ .
(A) mathematic teachers (B) mathematics teachers
(C) mathematics teacher (D) mathematic's teachers
24. To generate income, magazine publishers must decide whether to increase the subscription price
or_____.
(A) to sell advertising (B) if they should sell advertising
(C) selling advertising (D) sold advertising
25. If it ____________ more humid in the desert of the Southwest, the hot temperatures would be
unbearable.
(A) be (B) is (C) was (D) were
26. ____________ Java Man, who lived before the first Ice Age, is the first manlike animal.
(A) It is generally believed that (B) Generally believed it is
(C) Believed generally is (D) That is generally believed
27. For the investor who ____________ money, silver or bonds are good options.
(A) has so little a (B) has very little (C) has so few ( D) has very few
28. ____________ both men and women have often achieved their career ambitions by midlife, many
people are afflicted by at least a temporary period of dissatisfaction and depression.
(A) Because (B) So (C) A (D) Who
29. Of all the cereals, rice is the one ____________ food for more people than any of the other grain
crops.
(A) it provides (B) that providing (C) provides (D) that provides
30. Travelers ____________ their reservations well in advance if they want to fly during the Christmas
holidays.
(A) had better to get (B) had to get better (C) had better get (D) had better got
31. Adult eagles let their offspring ______nests near their original nesting area.
(A) build (B) builds (C) building (D) to build
32. A grass-eating, river-dwelling mammal, the hippopotamus_______ to the pig.
(A) being related (B) is related (C) relate (D) relating
34. Woodrow Wilson _____ as governor of New Jersey before he was elected President of the United
States in 1912.

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 (A) to have served (B) who has served (C) serving (D) served
35. If gasoline vapor ______ with air, combustion will occur.
(A) mixed (B) had mixed (C) mixes (D) mixture

PART II WRITTEN EXPRESSION

Direction: Choose the incorrect parts of the sentences
36. More and(A) 90 percent of the calcium in the human(B) body is(C) in the(D) skeleton.
37. Perhaps(A) the most popular(B) film in movie(C) history, Star Wars was written and direction(D)
by George Lucas.
38. Some(A) animal activities, such as(B) mating, migration, and hibernate(C) have a vearly(D) cycle.
39. Geographers were once concerned largely(A) with exploring areas unknown(B) to them and from(C)
describing distinctive features of individual places(D).
40. In his animated films, Walt Disney created animals(A) that talk and(B) act like(C) people while
retaining its(D) animal traits.
41. The first city in the United States that put(A) into effect major plan(B) for the clustering(C) of
government buildings(D) was Washington.
42. In a microwave oven, radiation penetrates food and is(A) then absorbed primarily(B) by water
molecule, caused(C) heat to spread through the food(D).
43. The cultures early(A) of the genus Home were generally distinguished by regular(B) use of stone
tools(C) and by a hunting and gathering economy(D).
44. Dolphins are sleek and powerful(A) swimmers that found(B) in all seas and unlike porpoises,
have(C) well-defined beaklike snouts and conical teeth(D).
45. The velocity of(A) a river is controlled(B) by the slope(C), the depth, and the rough(D) of the
riverbed.
46. The(A) phonograph record was the first successful(B) medium for capturing, preservation(C), and
reproducing sound(D).
47. Liquid that might be(A) a poor conductor when pure(B) is often used to(C) make solutions that
readily transmits(D) electricity.
48. The initial discovery(A) by humans almost 10,000 years ago that they could exploit metallic
mineral(B) deposits was an important(C) milestone in the development civilization(D).
49. In 1989 Tillie Fowler, a Republican, became(A) the first member of her party to serving(B) as(C)
president of the city(D) council of Jacksonville, Florida.
50. General anesthesia, which(A) is usually used for major surgery, involves a complete(B) loss
consciousness and a relaxed(C) of the muscles(D).
51. After first establishment(A) subsistence farms along(B) the Atlantic seaboard, European settlers(C)
in North America developed a maritime and shipbuilding industry(D).
52. The legs of a roadrunner are enough strong(A) that it can run(B) up to(C) 24 kilometers per hour to
catch(D) lizards and small rodents.

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53. For(A) the immune system of a newborn mammal to develop(B) properly, the presence(C) of the
thymus gland is essentially(D).
54. Dreams are commonly(A) made up of(B) either(C) visual and verbal images(D).
55. Needles are simple-looking(A) tools, but(B) they are very relatively(C) difficult to make(D).

PART IV READING
Direction: Choose the correct answer based on the text
Questions 56-62
It has long been known that when exposed to light under suitable conditions of temperature and moisture,
the green parts of plants use carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and release oxygen to it. These
exchanges are the opposite of those that occur in respiration. The process is called photosynthesis. In
photosynthesis, carbohydrates are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water by the chloroplasts of plant
cells in the presence of light. In most plants, the water used in photosynthesis is absorbed from the soil by
the roots and translocated through the xylem of the root and stem to the leaves. Except for the usually
small percentage used in respiration, the oxygen released in the process diffuses out of the leaf into the
atmosphere through the stomates. Oxygen is the product of the reaction. For each molecule of carbon
dioxide used, one molecule of oxygen is released. A summary chemical equation for photosynthesis is:
6C02 + 6Н2О --> С6 H12О6 + 6O2
As a result of this process, radiant energy from the sun is stored as chemical energy. In turn, the chemical
energy is used to decompose carbon dioxide and water. The products of their decomposition are
recombined into a new compound, which is successively built up into more and more complex substances.
After many intermediate steps, sugar is produced. At the same time, a balance of gases is preserved in the
atmosphere.
56. Which title best expresses the ideas in this passage?
(A) A Chemical Equation
(B) The Process of Photosynthesis
(C) The Parts of Vascular Plants
(D) The Production of Sugar
57. In photosynthesis, water
(A) must be present
(B) is produced in carbohydrates
(C) is stored as chemical energy
(D) interrupts the chemical reaction
58. Which process is the opposite of photosynthesis?
(A) Decomposition (B) Synthesization (C) Diffusion (D) Respiration
59. The combination of carbon dioxide and water to form sugar results in an excess of
(A) water (B) oxygen (C) carbon (D) chlorophyll
60. In photosynthesis, energy from the sun is

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 (A) changed to chemical energy
(B) conducted from the xylem to the leaves of green plants
(C) not necessary to the process
(D) released one to one for each molecule of carbon dioxide used
61. Besides the manufacture of food for plants, what is another benefit of photosynthesis?
(A) It produces solar energy.
(B) It diffuses additional carbon dioxide into the air.
(C) It maintains a balance of gases in the atmosphere.
(D) It removes harmful gases from the air.
62. Which of the following is NOT true of the oxygen used in photosynthesis?
(A) Oxygen is absorbed by the roots.
(B) Oxygen is the product of photosynthesis:
(C) Oxygen is used in respiration.
(D) Oxygen is released into the atmosphere through the leaves
Questions 63-70
Coca-Cola was invented in 1886 by Atlanta pharmacist John S. Pemberton. The name for the product as
actually proposed by Pemberton’s assistant, Frank Robinson. The name was taken from the two most
unusual ingredients in the drink, the South American coca leaf and the African cola nut.
The recipe for today’s Coca-Cola is very well guarded. Many of the ingredients are known; in addition to
coca leaves and cola nut, they include lemon, orange, lime, cinnamon, nutmeg, vanilla, caramel, and
sugar. The proportions of the ingredients and the identity of Coke secret ingredients are known by only a
few of the Coca-Cola Company’s senior corporate officers.
63. The passage mainly discusses
(A) the success of the Coca-Cola Company
(B) the unusual ingredients in Coca-Cola
(C) John S. Pemberton
(D) Coca-cola`s recipe and who developed it
64. According to the passage, who created Coca-Cola?
(A) The Coca-Cola Company
(B) John S. Pemberton
(C) Pemberton’s assistant
(D) Frank Robinson
65. The word “unusual” in line 3 is closest in meaning to
(A) uncommon (B) important (C) unused (D) tasty
66. Which of the following is NOT true about the name Coca-Cola?
(A) The name “coca” comes from the coca leaf.
(B) The name “cola” comes from the cola nut.
(C) Frank Robinson suggested the name.

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 (D) The inventor came up with the name.
67. A “recipe” is
(A) information about drugs for a pharmacy
(B) a description of how to prepare something
(C) an accounting statement
(D) a corporate organizational plan
68. The passage states that the recipe for Coca-Cola is
(A) well known
(B) known by only a limited number of people
(C) unknown
(D) published information
69. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an ingredient of Coca-Cola?
(A) Orange leaves (B) Nutmeg (C) Citrus fruits (D) Sugar
70. The word “secret” could best be replaced by
(A) unrevealed (B) delicious (C) business (D) speechless

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