INFORME ESTABILIDAD

Análisis de sistemas de potencia 2019-I

Información del sistema

POTENCIAS
Pg1 = 90 MW
Pg2= 1.05 pu
Pe=pm=1
Sbase = 100 MVA
TENSIONES
Vt=1 pu
V=1 pu
IMPEDANCIAS
X1g=X2g=0.2
XL1 = XL2= 0.4 j pu
TIEMPO
H=5 seg

Calculando la Ybus del sistema se obtiene:

−10.83𝑗 2.5𝑗 5𝑗
𝑌𝑏𝑢𝑠 (0) = 𝑌𝑏𝑢𝑠 (1) = 𝑌𝑏𝑢𝑠 (2) = [ 2.5𝑗 −7.5𝑗 5𝑗 ]
5𝑗 5𝑗 −10𝑗
Al ser todas las secuencias iguales la matriz Ybus para todas las secuencias es la misma, se
procede a calcular la matriz Zbus del sistema:
0.3𝑗 0.3𝑗 0.3𝑗
𝑍𝑏𝑢𝑠 (0) = 𝑍𝑏𝑢𝑠 (1) = 𝑍𝑏𝑢𝑠 (2) = [0.3𝑗 0.5𝑗 0.4𝑗 ]
0.3𝑗 0.4𝑗 0.45𝑗
Voltaje Pre falla

Vprefalla= Ea = 1 pu

 Falla Línea - Tierra en el barraje

1
𝐼𝑎0 = (0) (1) (2)
= 𝐼𝑎1 = 𝐼𝑎2 = −0,7407𝑗
𝑍11 + 𝑍11 + 𝑍11

1
𝐼𝑓 = (0) (1) (2)
= −2.2222𝑗
𝑍11 + 𝑍11 + 𝑍11

Tensiones en cada uno de los barrajes,

Barraje 1
(0)
𝑉𝑎0 0 𝑍11 0 0 𝐼𝑎0 −0.2222
(1)
[𝑉𝑎1 ] = [1] − [ 0 𝑍11 0 ] ∗ [ 𝐼𝑎1 ] = [ 0.7778 ]
𝑉𝑎2 0 (2) 𝐼𝑎2 −0.2222
0 0 𝑍11
 𝑉𝑎 1 1 1 𝑉𝑎0 0
[𝑉𝑏 ] = [1 𝑎2 𝑎 ] ∗ [𝑉𝑎1 ] = [1∠ − 120]
𝑉𝑐 1 𝑎 𝑎2 𝑉𝑎2 1∠120
Barraje 2
(0)
𝑉𝑎0 0 𝑍12 0 0 𝐼𝑎0 −0.2963
(1)
[𝑉𝑎1 ] = [1] − [ 0 𝑍12 0 ] ∗ [ 𝐼𝑎1 ] = [ 0.7037 ]
𝑉𝑎2 0 (2) 𝐼𝑎2 −0.2963
0 0 𝑍12
𝑉𝑎 1 1 1 𝑉𝑎0 0.1111
[𝑉𝑏 ] = [1 𝑎2 𝑎 ] ∗ [ 𝑉𝑎1 ] = [(1∠ − 120)]
𝑉𝑐 1 𝑎 𝑎2 𝑉𝑎2 (1∠120)

Barraje 3
(0)
𝑉𝑎0 0 𝑍13 0 0 𝐼𝑎0 −0.3333
(1)
[𝑉𝑎1 ] = [1] − [ 0 𝑍13 0 ] ∗ [𝐼𝑎1 ] = [ 0.6667 ]
𝑉𝑎2 0 (2) 𝐼𝑎2 −0.3333
0 0 𝑍13

𝑉𝑎 1 1 1 𝑉𝑎0 1 ∗ 10−14
[𝑉𝑏 ] = [1 𝑎2 𝑎 ] ∗ [𝑉𝑎1 ] = [(1∠ − 120)]
𝑉𝑐 1 𝑎 𝑎2 𝑉𝑎2 (1∠120)

Corrientes que contribuyen,

Corriente 𝐼12
(0) (2) (1)
𝐼𝑎0 𝑌12 0 0 𝑉𝑎0 − 𝑉𝑎0 0
(1) (2) (1)
[𝐼𝑎1 ] = [ 0 𝑌12 0 ] ∗ [𝑉𝑎1 − 𝑉𝑎1 ] = [−0.5555𝑗]
𝐼𝑎2 (2) (2) (1) 0
0 0 𝑌12 𝑉𝑎 − 𝑉𝑎
2 2

𝐼𝑎 1 1 1 𝐼𝑎0 0.5555∠ − 90
[𝐼𝑏 ] = [1 𝑎2 𝐼𝑎
𝑎 ] ∗ [ 1] = [(0.5555∠150) ]
𝐼𝑐 1 𝑎 𝑎2 𝐼𝑎2 (0.5555∠30)

Corriente 𝐼23
(0) (3) (2)
𝐼𝑎0 𝑌23 0 0 𝑉𝑎0 − 𝑉𝑎0 0
(1) (3) (2)
[𝐼𝑎1 ] = [ 0 𝑌23 0 ] ∗ [𝑉𝑎1 − 𝑉𝑎1 ] = [−0.5𝑗]
𝐼𝑎2 (2) (3) (2) 0
0 0 𝑌 23 𝑉𝑎 − 𝑉𝑎2 2

𝐼𝑎 1 1 1 𝐼𝑎0 0.5555∠ − 90
[𝐼𝑏 ] = [1 𝑎2 𝑎 ] ∗ [𝐼𝑎1 ] = [(0.5555∠150)]
𝐼𝑐 1 𝑎 𝑎2 𝐼𝑎2 (0.5555∠30)

Corriente 𝐼13
(0) (3) (1)
𝐼𝑎0 𝑌13 0 0 𝑉𝑎0 − 𝑉𝑎0 0
(1) (3) (1)
[𝐼𝑎1 ] = [ 0 𝑌13 0 ] ∗ [𝑉𝑎1 − 𝑉𝑎1 ] = [−1.6665𝑗]
𝐼𝑎2 (2) (3) (1) 0
0 0 𝑌13 𝑉𝑎 − 𝑉𝑎
2 2

𝐼𝑎 1 1 1 𝐼𝑎0 1.6665∠ − 90
[𝐼𝑏 ] = [1 𝑎2 𝑎 ] ∗ [𝐼𝑎1 ] = [(1.6665∠150)]
𝐼𝑐 1 𝑎 𝑎2 𝐼𝑎2 (1.6665∠30)

 Falla L-L
𝐼𝑎0 = 0
 1
𝐼𝑎1 = −𝐼𝑎2 = (1) (2)
= −1.1111𝐽
𝑍11 + 𝑍11

−√3𝑗 ∗ 1
𝐼𝑓 = (1) (2)
= −1.9245
𝑍11 + 𝑍11
Tensiones en cada uno de los barrajes,
Barraje 1
(0)
𝑉𝑎0 0 𝑍31 0 0 𝐼𝑎0 0
(1)
[𝑉𝑎1 ] = [1] − [ 0 𝑍31 0 ] ∗ [𝐼𝑎1 ] = [0.6666]
𝑉𝑎2 0 (2) 𝐼𝑎2 0.3333
0 0 𝑍31
𝑉𝑎 1 1 1 𝑉𝑎0 1
[ 𝑏 ] = [1 𝑎 2
𝑉 𝑉𝑎
𝑎 ] ∗ [ 1] = [(0.5773∠ − 150)]
𝑉𝑐 2 𝑉𝑎2 (0.5773∠150)
1 𝑎 𝑎
Barraje 2
(0)
𝑉𝑎0 0 𝑍32 0 0 𝐼𝑎0 0
(1)
[𝑉𝑎1 ] = [1] − [ 0 𝑍32 0 ] ∗ [𝐼𝑎1 ] = [0.5555]
𝑉𝑎2 0 (2) 𝐼𝑎2 0.4444
0 0 𝑍32
𝑉𝑎 1 1 1 𝑉𝑎0 1
[𝑉𝑏 ] = [1 𝑎2 𝑎 ] ∗ [𝑉𝑎1 ] = [(0.5091∠ − 169.107)]
𝑉𝑐 1 𝑎 𝑎2 𝑉𝑎2 (0.5091∠169.107)
Barraje 3
(0)
𝑉𝑎0 0 𝑍33 0 0 𝐼𝑎0 0
(1)
[𝑉𝑎1 ] = [1] − [ 0 𝑍33 0 ] ∗ [𝐼𝑎1 ] = [0.5]
𝑉𝑎2 0 (2) 𝐼𝑎2 0.5
0 0 𝑍33
𝑉𝑎 1 1 1 𝑉𝑎0 1
[𝑉𝑏 ] = [1 𝑎2 𝑎 ] ∗ [𝑉𝑎1 ] = [(−0.5)]
𝑉𝑐 1 𝑎 𝑎2 𝑉𝑎2 (−0.5)
Para la corriente 𝐼12
(0) (2) (1)
𝐼𝑎0 𝑌12 0 0 𝑉𝑎0 − 𝑉𝑎0 0
(1) (2) (1) −0.2777𝑗
[𝐼𝑎1 ] = [ 0 𝑌12 0 ] ∗ [𝑉𝑎1 − 𝑉𝑎1 ] =[ ]
𝐼𝑎2 (2) (2) (1) 0.2777𝑗
0 0 𝑌12 𝑉𝑎2 − 𝑉𝑎2
𝐼𝑎 1 1 1 𝐼𝑎0 0
[𝐼𝑏 ] = [1 𝑎2 𝑎 ] ∗ [𝐼𝑎1 ] = [−0.4811]
𝐼𝑐 1 𝑎 𝑎2 𝐼𝑎2 0.4811
Para la corriente 𝐼13
(0) (3) (1)
𝐼𝑎0 𝑌13 0 0 𝑉𝑎0 − 𝑉𝑎0 0
(1) (3) (1)
[𝐼𝑎1 ] = [ 0 𝑌13 0 ] ∗ [ 𝑉𝑎1 − 𝑉𝑎1 ] = [−0.8333𝑗 ]
𝐼𝑎2 (2) (3) (1) 0.8333𝑗
0 0 𝑌13 𝑉𝑎2 − 𝑉𝑎2
 𝐼𝑎 1 1 1 𝐼𝑎0 0
𝐼
[ 𝑏 ] = [1 𝑎2 𝐼𝑎
𝑎 ] ∗ [ 1 ] = [−1.4433]
𝐼𝑐 1 𝑎 𝑎2 𝐼𝑎2 1.4433

Para la corriente 𝐼23

(0) (3) (2)
𝐼𝑎0 𝑌32 0 0 𝑉𝑎0 − 𝑉𝑎0 0
(1) (3) (2)
[𝐼𝑎1 ] = [ 0 𝑌32 0 ] ∗ [ 𝑉𝑎1 − 𝑉𝑎1 ] = [−0.2777𝑗 ]
𝐼𝑎2 (2) (3) (2) 0.2777𝑗
0 0 𝑌32 𝑉𝑎2 − 𝑉𝑎2
𝐼𝑎 1 1 1 𝐼𝑎0 0
𝐼
[ 𝑏 ] = [1 𝑎2 𝐼𝑎
𝑎 ] ∗ [ 1 ] = [−0.4811]
𝐼𝑐 1 𝑎 𝑎2 𝐼𝑎2 0.4811
 Falla Trifásica

1
𝐼𝑎1 = 𝐼𝑓 = (1)
= −2.2222𝑗
𝑍11

𝐼𝑎0 = 𝐼𝑎2 = 0

Tensiones en cada uno de los barrajes,

Barraje 1
(0)
𝑉𝑎0 0 𝑍11 0 0 0 0
(1)
[𝑉𝑎1 ] = [1] − [ 0 𝑍11 0 ] ∗ [𝐼𝑎1 ] = [0.3333]
𝑉𝑎2 0 (2) 0 0
0 0 𝑍11

𝑉𝑎 1 1 1 𝑉𝑎0 0.3333
𝑉
[ 𝑏 ] = [1 𝑎2 𝑉𝑎
𝑎 ] ∗ [ 1] = [(0.3333∠ − 120)]
𝑉𝑐 2 𝑉𝑎 (0.3333∠120)
1 𝑎 𝑎 2

Barraje 2
(0)
𝑉𝑎0 0 𝑍12 0 0 0 0
(1)
[𝑉𝑎1 ] = [1] − [ 0 𝑍12 0 ] ∗ [𝐼𝑎1 ] = [0.1111]
𝑉𝑎2 0 (2) 0 0
0 0 𝑍12

𝑉𝑎 1 1 1 𝑉𝑎0 0.1111
[𝑉𝑏 ] = [1 𝑎2 𝑎 ] ∗ [𝑉𝑎1 ] = [(0.1111∠ − 120)]
𝑉𝑐 1 𝑎 𝑎2 𝑉𝑎2 (0.1111∠120)

Barraje 3
(0)
𝑉𝑎0 0 𝑍13 0 0 𝐼𝑎0 0
(1)
[𝑉𝑎1 ] = [1] − [ 0 𝑍13 0 ] ∗ [𝐼𝑎1 ] = [1 ∗ 10−14]
𝑉𝑎2 0 (2) 𝐼𝑎2 0
0 0 𝑍13

𝑉𝑎 1 1 1 𝑉𝑎0 1 ∗ 10−14
[𝑉𝑏 ] = [1 𝑎2 𝑎 ] ∗ [𝑉𝑎1 ] = [(1 ∗ 10−14 ∠ − 120)]
𝑉𝑐 1 𝑎 𝑎2 𝑉𝑎2 (1 ∗ 10−14 ∠120)

Corrientes que contribuyen,

Corriente 𝐼12
 (0) (2) (1)
𝐼𝑎0 𝑌12 0 0 𝑉𝑎0 − 𝑉𝑎0 0
(1) (2) (1)
𝐼𝑎
[ 1] = [ 0 𝑌12 0 ] ∗ [𝑉𝑎1 − 𝑉𝑎1 ] = [−0.5555𝑗]
𝐼𝑎2 (2) (2) (1) 0
0 0 𝑌12 𝑉𝑎 − 𝑉𝑎
2 2

𝐼𝑎 1 1 1 𝐼𝑎0 0.5555∠ − 90
[𝐼𝑏 ] = [1 𝑎2 𝑎 ] ∗ [𝐼𝑎1 ] = [(0.5555∠150)]
𝐼𝑐 1 𝑎 𝑎2 𝐼𝑎2 (0.5555∠30)

Corriente 𝐼23
(0) (3) (2)
𝐼𝑎0 𝑌23 0 0 𝑉𝑎0 − 𝑉𝑎0 0
(1) (3) (2)
[𝐼𝑎1 ] = [ 0 𝑌23 0 ] ∗ [𝑉𝑎1 − 𝑉𝑎1 ] = [−0.5555𝑗]
𝐼𝑎2 (2) (3) (2) 0
0 0 𝑌23 𝑉𝑎 − 𝑉𝑎
2 2

𝐼𝑎 1 1 1 𝐼𝑎0 1 ∗ 10−14 ∠90

[𝐼𝑏 ] = [1 𝑎2 𝑎 ] ∗ [𝐼𝑎1 ] = [(1 ∗ 10−14 ∠ − 90)]
𝐼𝑐 1 𝑎 𝑎2 𝐼𝑎2 (1.6665∠ − 90)

Para la corriente 𝐼13

(0) (3) (1)
𝐼𝑎0 𝑌13 0 0 𝑉𝑎0 − 𝑉𝑎0 0
(1)
[𝐼𝑎1 ] = [ 0 𝑌13 0 ]∗ [𝑉𝑎1(3) −
(1)
𝑉𝑎1 ] = [1.6665𝑗]
𝐼𝑎2 (2) (3) (1) 0
0 0 𝑌13 𝑉𝑎2 − 𝑉𝑎2
𝐼𝑎 1 1 1 𝐼𝑎0 1.6665∠90
[𝐼𝑏 ] = [1 𝑎2 𝑎 ] ∗ [𝐼𝑎1 ] = [ 1.6665∠ − 30) ]
(
𝐼𝑐 1 𝑎 𝑎2 𝐼𝑎2 (1.6665∠ − 150)
Análisis mediante Digsilent

Figura 1 Esquema del circuito, software Digsilent.

 Antes de falla:

𝑃1𝑒 = 𝑃1𝑚𝑎𝑥 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝛿0

𝑉1 ∗ 𝑉2
𝑃1𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
𝑋12
0.4 ∗ 0.4
𝑋12 = 0.2 + 0.07 + ( ) = 0.47
0.4 + 0.4
1.05 ∗ 1
𝑃1𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = 2.234
0.47
90𝑀𝑊
𝑃1𝑒 = = 0.9 𝑝𝑢
100𝑀𝑉𝐴
 0.9
𝑠𝑒𝑛𝛿0 =
2.234
𝛿0 = 23.757◦ = 0.41464 𝑟𝑎𝑑
𝑃𝑎 = 𝑃𝑚 − 𝑃1𝑒
𝑃𝑎 = 0.9 − 0.9 = 0

 Durante Falla
𝑃2𝑒 = 𝑃2𝑚𝑎𝑥 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝛿0
𝑉1 ∗ 𝑉2
𝑃2𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
𝑋12
Siendo X1 = 0.27, X2 = 0.4j y X3 = 0.2j, se hallan Xa, Xb y Xc respectivamente:

(𝑅1 ∗ 𝑅2 ) + (𝑅2 ∗ 𝑅3 ) + (𝑅1 ∗ 𝑅3 )

𝑋𝑎 =
𝑅1
𝑋𝑎 = 0.8963
(𝑅1 ∗ 𝑅2 ) + (𝑅2 ∗ 𝑅3 ) + (𝑅1 ∗ 𝑅3 )
𝑋𝑏 =
𝑅2
𝑋𝑏 = 0.605
(𝑅1 ∗ 𝑅2 ) + (𝑅2 ∗ 𝑅3 ) + (𝑅1 ∗ 𝑅3 )
𝑋𝑐 =
𝑅3
𝑋𝑐 = 1.21

Figura 2 Esquema equivalente durante la falla.

𝑋12 = 1.21
1.05 ∗ 1
𝑃2𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = 0.8677
1.21
𝑃2𝑒 = 𝑃2𝑚𝑎𝑥 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝛿0
𝑃2𝑒 = 0.8677 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛(23.757) = 0.34956
𝑃𝑎 = 𝑃𝑚 − 𝑃2𝑒
𝑃𝑎 = 0.9 − 0.34956
𝑃𝑎 = 0.55044
 Después de Falla
𝑃3𝑒 = 𝑃3𝑚𝑎𝑥 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝛿

𝑉1 ∗ 𝑉2
𝑃3𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
𝑋12
 Reactancia equivalente

𝑋12 = 0.2 + 0.07 + 0.4 = 0.67

1.05 ∗ 1
𝑃3𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = 1.5672
0.67
0.9
𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝛿 = = 0.5742
1.5672
𝛿 = 35.049◦ = 0.61172𝑟𝑎𝑑

 Tiempo critico Tc y ángulo critico δc

𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 180◦ − 35.049◦

𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 144.95◦ = 2.5299𝑟𝑎𝑑

𝑃𝑚 ∗ (𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝛿0 ) + 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 ∗ 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝑃2𝑚𝑎𝑥 ∗ 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝛿0
𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝛿𝑐 =
𝑃3𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝑃2𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝛿𝑐 = −0.24796

𝛿𝑐 = 104.36◦ = 1.8214𝑟𝑎𝑑

2 ∗ 𝐻 ∗ (𝛿𝑐 − 𝛿0 )
𝑇𝑐 = √
𝜋 ∗ 𝑓 ∗ 𝑃𝑚

2 ∗ 5 ∗ (1.8214 − 0.41464)
𝑇𝑐 = √ = 0.28796𝑠𝑒𝑔
𝜋 ∗ 60 ∗ 0.9

Figura 3 Reactancia equivalente, software Digsilent.