Bs 5950-1 2000.structual Use of Steel. Worked Examples. Par

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Steelwork design guide to BS 5950-1:2000 Volume 2: Worked examples (2003 Edition)
Job No. CDS 153 Sheet 1 of 7 Rev
Job Title Example no. 2
This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Reproduced for IHS Technical Indexes Ltd under licence from The Steel Construction Institute on 15/8/2005
Silwood Park, Ascot, Berks SL5 7QN Subject Simply supported restrained beam
Telephone: (01344) 623345
Fax: (01344) 622944
Client Made by MDH Date Jun 2003
CALCULATION SHEET
SCI
Checked by ASM Date Oct 2003
2 Simply supported restrained beam

2.1 Introduction
The beam shown in Figure 2.1 is fully restrained along its length and has stiff bearing
of 50 mm at the supports and 75 mm under the point load. Design the beam in S275
steel for the loading shown below.
Two solutions are presented: the full calculation in Sections 2.2 and 2.3 and the
simplified approach using Volume 1[2] (the “Blue Book” approach) in Section 2.4.
W
3250 3250
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75
w
50 50
6500
Figure 2.1
2.1.2 Loading (unfactored)
Dead loads:
Distributed load (including s/w) wd = 15 kN/m
Point load Wd = 40 kN
Imposed loads:
Distributed load wi = 30 kN/m
Point load Wi = 50 kN
2.1.3 Load Factors

Dead load factor γfd = 1.4 Table 2
Imposed load factor γfi = 1.6
2.1.4 Factored loads

wN = wd γ d + wi γ fi = (15 × 1.4) + (30 × 1.6) = 69 kN/m
WN = Wd γ fd + Wi γ fi = (40 × 1.4) + (50 × 1.6) = 136 kN
2.1.5 Maximum moment and shear

Maximum moment occurs at the centre:
2 2
w ′L W ′L 69 × 6.5 136 × 6.5
M= + M= + = 585 kNm
8 4 8 4
5
Example 2 Simply supported beam Sheet 2 of 7 Rev
Shear force at the ends:
w ′L W ′ 69 × 6.5 136
F ve = + F ve = + = 292 kN
2 2 2 2
Shear force at the centre:
w ′L 69 × 6.5
F vc = F ve − F vc = 292 − = 67.8 kN
2 2
2.2 Member checks

2.2.1 Trial section
The initial trial section is selected to give a suitable moment capacity. This initial
member size is then checked to ensure its suitability in all other respects.
Try 533 x 210 x 92 UB in grade S275

From member capacity tables: Vol 1
Moment capacity Mc = 649 kNm Page C-59
From section property tables:

Depth D = 533.1 mm Vol 1
Width B = 209.3 mm Page B-2
Web thickness t = 10.1 mm
Flange thickness T = 15.6 mm
Depth between fillets d = 476.5 mm
Plastic modulus Sx = 2360 cm3 Vol 1
Elastic modulus Zx = 2070 cm3 Page B-3
Local buckling ratios:
Flange b/T = 6.71 Vol 1
Web d/t = 47.2 Page B-2
2.2.2 Classify the cross section

Grade of steel = S275
T < 16 mm 3.1.1
Therefore py = 275 N/mm2 Table 9
275 275
ε = = = 1.0
py 275
For the outstand element of a compression flange, the limiting b/T for a class 1 plastic 3.5.2
flange is 9ε. Table 11
Limiting b/T = 9ε = 9.0
The actual b/T = 6.71 < 9.0
Therefore, the flange is class 1.
Since the section is symmetrical and subject to pure bending, the neutral axis is at mid 3.5.2
depth. For this case, the limiting d/t for a class 1 plastic web is 80ε. Table 11
Limiting d/t = 80ε = 80.0
The actual d/t = 47.2 < 80.0
Therefore, the web is class 1.
The flange and the web are both class 1, therefore, the cross section is class 1.
6
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2.2.3 Check for shear buckling
If the d/t ratio exceeds 70ε for a rolled section, the web should be checked for shear 4.2.3
buckling in accordance with clause 4.4.5 of BS 5950-1:2000[1].
70ε = 70.0
In this case, d/t = 47.2< 70ε, so there is no need to check for shear buckling.
2.2.4 Check the shear capacity

Basic requirement Fv ≤ Pv 4.2.3
Pv = 0.6 py Av
py = 275 N/mm2
Av = tD = 10.1 × 533.1 = 5384 mm2
Pv = 0.6 × 275 × 5384 × 10 –3
= 888 kN
At the ends of the member Fv = 292 kN
292 kN < 888 kN
Therefore, the shear capacity is adequate.
2.2.5 Check the moment capacity

Basic requirement Mx ≤ Mcx
Check whether the shear is “high” (i.e. Fv > 0.6 Pv ) or “low” at the point of
4.2.5.2

maximum moment.
At the centre of the member, Fvc = 67.8 kN
0.6 Pv = 0.6 × 888 = 533 kN
67.8 kN < 533 kN
Therefore, the shear is low.
For low shear, the moment capacity for a class 1 section is given by: 4.2.5.2
Mcx = py Sx
Mcx = 275 × 2360 × 10-3 = 649 kNm
Check limit to avoid irreversible deformation under serviceability loads. 4.2.5.1

For a simply supported beam Mcx ≤ 1.2 py Zx
1.2p y Zx = 1.2 × 275 × 2070 × 10–3 = 683 kNm
Therefore Mcx= 649 kNm

From above, Mx = 585 kNm
585 kNm < 649 kNm
Therefore, the moment capacity is adequate.
Note:
1. It will be found that in most cases there is no need to reduce the moment
capacity to allow for shear when using rolled I- or H-sections.
2. Except for a few heavy universal column sections, Mc = py Sx will usually be
the governing criterion for the moment capacity.
7
2.2.6 Web bearing and buckling under the point load
Bearing capacity of the unstiffened web
Basic requirement Fx ≤ Pbw
Pbw = (b1 + nk) t pyw 4.5.2.1
b1 = 75 mm
n = 5.0 (not at the end of the member)
k = T + r = 15.6 + 12.7 = 28.3 mm
(b1 + nk) = 75 + (5.0 × 28.3) = 216.5 mm
-3
Pbw = 216.5 × 10.1 × 275 × 10 = 601 kN
Fx = 136 kN
136 kN < 601 kN
Therefore, the bearing capacity of the unstiffened web under the point load is
adequate.
Buckling resistance of the unstiffened web

Basic requirement Fx ≤ Px 4.5.3.1
25 ε t
Px = P bw
( b 1 + nk ) d
ε = 1.0

25 × 1.0 × 10.1
Px = × 601 = 472 kN
216.5 × 476.5
Fx = 136 kN
136 kN < 472 kN
Therefore, the buckling resistance of the unstiffened web under the point load is
adequate.
2.2.7 Web bearing and buckling at the support

Bearing capacity of the unstiffened web
Basic requirement Fx ≤ Pbw 4.5.2.1
Pbw = (b1 + nk) t pyw
At the end of a member, n = 2 + 0.6 be / k but ≤ 5,

be = 0 mm
b1 = 50 mm
k =T+r = 15.6 + 12.7 = 28.3 mm
0.6 × 0
n = 2 + = 2.0
28.3
(b1 + nk) = 50 + (2.0 × 28.3) = 106.6 mm
Pbw = 106.6 × 10.1 × 275 × 10-3 = 296 kN
Fx = 292 kN
292 kN < 296 kN
Therefore, the bearing capacity of the unstiffened web at the support is adequate.
8
Buckling resistance of the unstiffened web
Basic requirement Fx ≤ Px 4.5.3.1
Check whether ae < 0.7 d,
ae = 25 mm
0.7d = 0.7 × 476.5 = 333.6 mm
Since ae < 0.7d, the buckling resistance Px is given by
a e + 0.7 d 25 ε t
Px = P bw
1.4 d (b1 + nk ) d
25 + 333.6 25 × 1.0 × 10.1

= × × 296 = 178 kN
1.4 × 476.5 106.6 × 476.5
Fx = 292 kN
292 kN > 178 kN
The buckling resistance of the web at the support is NOT adequate and a
load-carrying stiffener must be provided at this location.

2.2.8 SLS deflection check
In addition to checking the adequacy of the beam at ULS, it is also necessary to check 2.5.2
the maximum deflection under working loads.
The serviceability loads are taken as the unfactored imposed loads, i.e.:
Distributed load wi = 30 kN/m
Point load Wi = 50 kN
E = 205 kN/mm2 3.1.3
I = 55200 cm4 Vol 1
Page B-3
The total deflection δ is given by:
 5w L4 W L3  1  5 × 30 × 6.5 4 50 × 6.5 
3
= 1  i + i 
5
δ =  +  × 10
EI  384 48  205 × 55200  384 48 
= 8.69 mm Table 8
Assume that the beam carries a plaster finish.

The suggested limit in BS 5950-1:2000[1] is span/360.
L 6500
= = 18.1 mm.
360 360
8.69 mm < 18.1 mm
The deflection is satisfactory.
Adopt 533 x 210 x 92 UB in grade S275

(with load carrying stiffeners at the supports).
9
2.3 Blue Book approach
The member capacities calculated in section 2.2 of this example could have been
obtained directly from Volume 1[2].
Try 533 x 210 x 92 UB in grade S275
2.3.1 Shear capacity Vol 1

Pv = 888 kN Page C-79
Fv = 292 kN
292 kN < 888 kN

Therefore, the shear capacity is adequate.
2.3.2 Moment capacity

Mcx = 649 kNm Vol 1
Mx = 585 kNm Page C-59
585 kNm < 649 kNm
Therefore, the moment capacity is adequate.
2.3.3 Web bearing capacity

Pw = C1 + b1 C2
At the location of the point load Vol 1

C1 = 393 kN Page C-79
C2 = 2.78 kN/mm
b1 = 75 mm
Pw = 393 + (2.78 × 75) = 601 kN
Fx = 136 kN
136 kN < 601 kN
Therefore, the bearing capacity of the unstiffened web under the point load is
adequate.
At the support Vol 1

C1 = 157 kN Page C-79
C2 = 2.78 kN/mm
b1 = 50 mm
Pw = 157 + (2.78 × 50) = 296 kN
Fx = 292 kN
292 kN < 296 kN
Therefore, the bearing capacity of the unstiffened web at the support is adequate.
2.3.4 Web buckling resistance

0.5
Px = K ( C 4 Pw )
At the location of the point load
K =1 Vol 1
C4 = 372 kN Page C-79
Pw = 601 kN
Px = (372 × 601)0.5 = 473 kN
Fx = 136 kN
136 kN < 473 kN
Therefore, the buckling resistance of the unstiffened web under the point load is
adequate.
10
At the support
ae
K = + 0.5 but ≤ 1 Vol 1
1.4 d
Page C-79
1.4d = 667 mm
25
K = + 0.5 = 0.537
667
C4 = 372 kN
Pw = 296 kN
Px = 0.537 × (372 × 296)0.5 = 178 kN

Fx = 292 kN
292 kN > 178 kN
The buckling resistance of the web at the support is NOT adequate and a
load-carrying stiffener must be provided at this location.
Note
Volume 1 of the Blue Book does not include deflection values, so the SLS
deflection check must be carried out as in Section 2.2.8 of this example.
Adopt 533 x 210 x 92 UB in grade S275

(with load carrying stiffeners at the supports).
11
12


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Licensed copy:scottwilson, Scott Wilson Holdings, 15/01/2007, Uncontrolled Copy, © SCI

A single copy of this

Steel Construction Institute

This is an uncontrolled copy

Job No. CDS 153 Sheet 1 of 7 Rev

Job Title Example no. 2

2 Simply supported restrained beam

To buy a hardcopy version of this document call 01344 872775 or go to http://shop.steelbiz.org/

2.1.3 Load Factors

2.1.4 Factored loads

2.1.5 Maximum moment and shear

Example 2 Simply supported beam Sheet 2 of 7 Rev

Shear force at the ends:

Shear force at the centre:

2.2 Member checks

Try 533 x 210 x 92 UB in grade S275

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2.2.2 Classify the cross section

Portal Frame Design

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Example 2 Simply supported beam Sheet 3 of 7 Rev

2.2.3 Check for shear buckling

2.2.4 Check the shear capacity

2.2.5 Check the moment capacity

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Check limit to avoid irreversible deformation under serviceability loads. 4.2.5.1

Therefore Mcx= 649 kNm

Example 2 Simply supported beam Sheet 4 of 7 Rev

2.2.6 Web bearing and buckling under the point load

Buckling resistance of the unstiffened web

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2.2.7 Web bearing and buckling at the support

At the end of a member, n = 2 + 0.6 be / k but ≤ 5,

Example 2 Simply supported beam Sheet 5 of 7 Rev

Buckling resistance of the unstiffened web

Since ae < 0.7d, the buckling resistance Px is given by

25 + 333.6 25 × 1.0 × 10.1

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Assume that the beam carries a plaster finish.

Adopt 533 x 210 x 92 UB in grade S275

Example 2 Simply supported beam Sheet 6 of 7 Rev

2.3 Blue Book approach

Try 533 x 210 x 92 UB in grade S275

2.3.1 Shear capacity Vol 1

292 kN < 888 kN

2.3.2 Moment capacity

2.3.3 Web bearing capacity

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At the location of the point load Vol 1

At the support Vol 1

2.3.4 Web buckling resistance

Example 2 Simply supported beam Sheet 7 of 7 Rev

Px = 0.537 × (372 × 296)0.5 = 178 kN

Adopt 533 x 210 x 92 UB in grade S275

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