NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, ROURKELA-8

Electronics and Communication Engineering

M.Tech End-Semester (Autumn) Examination, 2017
M.Tech, 1st Semester, M.Tech Dual Degree, 7th Semester
Course Code: EC611 Course Name: Digital Communication
Full Marks: 50 Duration: 3 hours

Answer all the questions.

All parts of a question should be answered at one continuous place.
Q.No. Marks
1 (a) Explain the modulation and demodulation process of a MSK signal. 3
(b) Draw the MSK output signal waveform if the input is 001010011010, assume fL = 2
fb and fH =1.5 fb.
(c) Derive the expression for power spectral density of an MSK signal. 2
(d) Explain how phase continuity is obtained in MSK. 2
(e) Why is it called minimum shift keying? 1

2 (a) A matched filter has the frequency response

1  e  j 2fT 5
H( f ) 
j 2f
(i) Determine the impulse response h(t).
(ii) Determine the signal waveform to which the filter characteristics are
matched.

(b) Suppose binary PSK is used for transmitting information over an AWGN channel
with a power spectral density of 10 -10 W/Hz. The transmitted signal energy is 5
A2T/2, where T is the bit interval and A is the signal amplitude. Determine the
signal amplitude required to achieve an error probability of 10 -6 when data rate is
i) 10 kbps, ii) 100kbps.

3 (a) Determine the ML phase estimate for offset QPSK. 4

(b) A carrier component is transmitted on the quadrature carrier in a communication 6

system that transmits information via binary PSK. Write the equation for received
signal.
i) The unmodulated carrier is used as a pilot signal to estimate the carrier phase
at the receiver. Sketch a block diagram of the receiver, including carrier phase
estimator.
ii) Illustrate mathematically the operations involved in the estimation of carrier
phase.

4 (a) Explain the modulation and demodulation process of FHSS system. 2

(b) What is frequency synthesizer in FHSS? 1
(c) What is the use of PN sequence in FHSS systems? 1
(d) Explain the need of synchronization in spread spectrum systems. 2
 (e) A received spread spectrum signal is embedded in noise. 4

v(t )  2 Ps d (t ) g (t ) cos wo t  n(t )

The bit rate is 20 kbps and the chip rate is 2 Mbps. The ratio of the power
spectral density of the signal to noise is 10-3.
(i) Calculate η/2 in terms of Ps.
(ii) A receiver set at fo has a 4 MHz bandwidth. The receiver is followed by a
square law amplifier and a low pass filter of bandwidth 100 kHz.
Calculate the signal to noise ratio of the filter output and calculate
the probability of detecting the presence of DS signal.

Plot channel capacity C versus bandwidth for constant S/η for a Gaussian
5 (a) 4
channel. If the channel bandwidth is 5 kHz and message is transmitted at a rate
R of 10 6 bits per sec, find S/η for R ≤ C.
2
A (7,4) hamming code is used for error detection. The probability of bit error is
(b)
p. Calculate the probability of an undetected error.

What is the code rate and Hamming distance in a Hadamard code? Construct all
(c) 4
8-bit codewords for the Hadamard code. How many errors can be detected and
corrected in this case?