Grade 8 PDF

ICT
COMPILATION
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
MS ACCESS .................................................................................................................... 4
1.1. Database & DMS, Types of databases ................................................................ 4
1.2. Introduction to Microsoft Access ........................................................................ 9
1.3. Creating a Database ........................................................................................... 13
1.4. Setting Data Types ............................................................................................ 14
1.5. Review and practice .......................................................................................... 17
1.6. Opening an existing database ............................................................................ 19
1.7. Modify Table Design ........................................................................................ 21
1.8. Totaling and Sorting .......................................................................................... 24
1.9. Exercises............................................................................................................ 28
1.10. Filtering and Searching Data ......................................................................... 33
1.11. Review and Practice ...................................................................................... 36
1.12. Creating a Table in the Design View ............................................................. 37
1.13. Field Properties Pane and Field Grid Pane .................................................... 39
1.14. Queries ........................................................................................................... 40
1.15. Exercises ........................................................................................................ 42
1.16. Forms ............................................................................................................. 44
1.17. Reports ........................................................................................................... 48
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1.18. Exercises ........................................................................................................ 51
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) .......................................................................... 55
2.1. Creating Lists .................................................................................................... 55
2.2. Nesting Lists and Description Lists .................................................................. 65
2.3. Exercises............................................................................................................ 67
2.4. Inserting image .................................................................................................. 68
2.5. Creating Tables ................................................................................................. 70
2.6. Exercises............................................................................................................ 75
2.7. Linking .............................................................................................................. 76
2.8. Review & Practice ............................................................................................. 79
2.9. Inserting Audio and Video ................................................................................ 80
2.10. Creating Frames ............................................................................................. 83
2.11. Review & Practice ......................................................................................... 84
ADOBE DREAMWEAVER ......................................................................................... 86
3.1. Introduction to Dreamweaver ............................................................................ 86
3.2. Elements of Dreamweaver ................................................................................ 97
3.3. Adding text and images ................................................................................... 107
3.4. Working with Hyperlinks and adding flash buttons ........................................ 116
3.5. Inserting Date and Table, Changing background, text font and colour .......... 122
3.6. Rollover images, Image placeholder and image Maps.................................... 127
3.7. Review & Practice ........................................................................................... 133
3.8. Framesets and Frames ..................................................................................... 136
3.9. Creating link to Web address, creating link to a file ....................................... 142
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3.10. Exercises ...................................................................................................... 146
INTRODUCTION TO PHOTOSHOP......................................................................... 158
4.1. Introduction to Photoshop ............................................................................... 158
4.2. Selection tools ................................................................................................. 163
4.3. Review and Practice ........................................................................................ 167
4.4. Working with images ...................................................................................... 170
4.5. Transforming Objects ...................................................................................... 173
4.6. Exercises.......................................................................................................... 174
4.7. Retouching tools .............................................................................................. 180
4.8. Layer Essentials ............................................................................................... 183
4.9. Working with Text .......................................................................................... 191
4.10. Exercises ...................................................................................................... 193
4.11. Using filters, Filter gallery........................................................................... 196
4.12. Moving and warping text ............................................................................. 201
4.13. Review and Practice .................................................................................... 202
PROSHOW .................................................................................................................. 204
5.1. Introduction to Proshow .................................................................................. 204
5.2. Create slideshows ............................................................................................ 209
5.3. Transition Effects and filters ........................................................................... 219
5.4. Use editing tools .............................................................................................. 225
5.5. Add animated titles and text ............................................................................ 233
5.6. Add sounds and records .................................................................................. 251
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................ 273
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MS ACCESS
1.1. Database & DMS, Types of databases
Database
A database is a large, organized, and

structured collection of data. Any data that can
be divided (categorized) into the groups
(columns) are suitable for use in a database. For
example, data in a class list can be organized by
names, surnames, school numbers, and classes
as a database. Data are a collection of facts,
measurements, and statistics used as a basis for
reasoning.
A database is much like a table or a group of listed items. Just like a spreadsheet (MS
Excel) tables, database tables consist of
columns and rows. You can also use any
word-processing program, such as Notepad
and WordPad to list items. However,
databases are actually much more powerful
than spreadsheets or word processors in
terms of manipulating, sorting, searching,
and reporting data as well as some relational design concepts.
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Applications Area for Databases
It is impossible to give a complete listing of applications that can use database programs,
but some common ones include:
1. Student records (name, surname, address, parent’s name) in a school

2. User records (user names and passwords) in an e-mail server
3. Computerized library systems in a school library
4. Flight reservation systems for airlines companies
5. Computerized inventory systems
Database Management System
A database management system (DBMS) is the

software that controls database operations for
storing, retrieving, adding, deleting, and modifying
data. Microsoft Access, DB2, MySQL, Microsoft
SQL Server, and Oracle are all examples of
database management systems.
What can be done using a Database Management System?
 Storing and manipulating data: you can enter, delete, and edit data.
 Retrieving, sorting, and searching data: you can view, order, and find specific data
or filter data according to the specific criteria.
 Reporting data: you can prepare and print out reports.
 Sharing data: you can share data on networks with other users.
 Protecting data: you can protect data from unauthorized users.
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Types of Database models
There are three types of database model that is widely used:
Relational Database is the most popular

one. A relational database stores data in the
form of tables. A table organizes data into
rows called records and columns called
fields. Records and fields together make a
table. Each record defines information about one entity and gives complete details about
it. Each field defines information of a certain type for all records. Tables, fields and
records form the elements of a relational database.
It has five records that contain information about five entities. It has four fields that contain
information of the same type for these two entities, For example, the field Surname
contains the surname of each entity.
Hierarchical database uses different levels

of data that follow a pattern that resembles
a hierarchy. In other words, you start at one
table, and depending on the record that you
query, you gain access to other tables of
information. However, those tables are only linked to either the table above them or the
table below them. This makes them incredibly useful for gathering information that
follows a specific order, or dare I say, hierarchy. Let's take a look at some uses of
hierarchical databases, as well as see how one would work in the real world.
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Network Database
A network database model is a database model that

allows multiple records to be linked to the same
owner file. The model can be seen as an upside down
tree where the branches are the member information
linked to the owner, which is the bottom of the tree.
The multiple linkages which this information allows
the network database model to be very flexible. In addition, the relationship that the
information has in the network database model is defined as many-to-many relationship
because one owner file can be linked to many member files and vice versa.
LessonReview
Fill in the blanks.
A database is a ………, ………, and ……….. collection of data.
A database management system (DBMS) is the software that controls database operations
for …………., …………., …………., …………., and …………. data.
A …………. database stores data in the form of tables.
A …………. database model is a database model that allows multiple records to be linked
to the same owner file.
…………. database uses different levels of data that follow a pattern that resembles a
hierarchy.
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Open - Ended questions.
What is a database? What are the advantages of using databases?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
Mention some application areas for databases.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
What is a DMS? What are the usages of DMS?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
Explain briefly relational database.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
Explain briefly hierarchical database.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
Explain briefly Network database.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
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1.2. Introduction to Microsoft Access
Microsoft Access is an application program for designing relational databases. It is a

member of the Microsoft Office suite. MS Access might be used for personal information
management and small business organizations to keep track of data in an organized
manner.
Components of a Microsoft Access database
When you create a database in MS Access, you build a database file that includes different
objects (parts) that are also referred to as database objects:
1. Tables are a collection of data, arranged in

rows and columns.
2. Queries make a request to the database, asking
it to find, select, or filter data stored in the
table.
3. Forms provide a quick and easy way to modify
and enter records into the table.
4. Reports are used to present the selected data
from the table on the screen or to get a print out in a datasheet format or in different
layouts.
5. Macros are a set of instructions and commands to automate specific tasks.
6. Modules are a block of programming codes used to perform specific tasks.
Elements of Access 2013
Title bar - It appears at the top of the window and displays the name of the database and
by default, displays the path of the folder where it is stored.
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Program icon - Restore, move, size, minimize, maximize and close.
File tab - Info, New, Open, Save, Save as, Print, Close, Account and Options
Quick Access Toolbar contains a list of commands with the option to Save, Undo and
Redo.
Help button - opens the Access help window where you can search for any information
on Access 2013.
Ribbon - This is the area below the Title bar. The main tabs are FILE, HOME, CREATE,
EXTERNAL DATA and DATABASE TOOLS.
Status bar - This bar is present at the bottom of the window. It displays information about
the current database and includes buttons to change views.
Primary key
A primary key is the field(s) in a table

that uniquely defines the records in the
table. Actually, the primary key field is
a unique indexed (no duplicate) field.
When you set a primary key property
for a particular field, MS Access will
automatically set the Index Yes (No
Duplicate) property which means
unique index for it. To set a primary key
property for a particular field:
Right-click on the field name in the design view and select the Primary key option.
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Primary keys are essential for database for many reasons
1. They ensure that each record in a table is uniquely identified.

2. A primary key avoids entering the same record more than once into a table, even
if you have done so
mistakenly.
3. They help establish and
enforce various types of
integrity.
4. The main purpose of a
primary key is to
uniquely identify the records in the tables.
5. A primary key is also used to relate the records in a particular way between
different tables. For a single table database using a primary key field is optional.
For a large relational database (containing two or more tables linked to one
another), you must define key fields for your tables.
LessonReview
Open - Ended questions.
What is the usage of MS Access?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
Which are the components of a MS-Access database? Explain them.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
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Mention some elements of MS-Access and explain them briefly.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
What is a primary key?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
Why primary key is an essential part for a database?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
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1.3. Creating a Database
1. Open Access. Blank desktop database
Blank
Desktop
Database
2. Click the Blank desktop database.
3. Type a file name

for the database
you are going to
create.
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4. Select a location where
you want to save the
database.
5. Click Save button.
1.4. Setting Data Types
We can use various kinds of data in a table in an

Access database.
Short Text represents a group of characters such as

names, but it is limited to 255 characters.
Names, surnames, and addresses are examples of the

text data type.
Long text is used to write larger text (maximum of 64,000 characters).
Number is for numeric data. Age, amount, and weight are examples of the number type.
The number data type can be chosen in one of the following formats from the data field
properties:
 Byte is used for small numbers (integers) that range from 0 to 255.
 The Integer (2-byte) is larger than a Byte; it ranges from -32768 to 32767.
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 The Long Integer (4-byte), Single (4-byte), and Double (8-byte) represent larger
numbers.
Date/Time is used to store a date or time. Purchase date and birth date are examples of
this data type.
Currency is used to represent a currency (money) value. Selling price and school fee are
examples of this type.
AutoNumber sets the numeric values automatically. It is the easiest method for assigning
unique numbers to each record in a table.
The OLE Object allows you to include other kinds of files in your database, such as
graphics, and other applications files (e.g. MS Word documents, MS Excel worksheets).
Attachment allows you to

include pictures, images, and
MS Office files.
With the Hyperlink, you can

provide a link from your
document to a file in your
computer or to a web page on the Internet, or to an email address.
The Lookup Wizard is used to enter some pre-entered data or data from another table in
a column.
Yes/No is used for Boolean values. You can use one of three formats: Yes/No, True/False,
or On/Off. Any value requiring one of two options can be kept in yes/no fields.
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With Calculated Field, you can create an expression that uses data from one or more
fields. You can designate
different result data types from
the expression.
To set a data type, Click on

Click to Add and choose the
most appropriate data type.
Lesson Review
Practice Work
Create the following database.
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1.5. Review and practice
Gap-filling
Fill in the blanks.
Lookup Wizard Currency Number AutoNumber Calculated Field Short

Text Attachment Date/Time Long text OLE Object Hyperlink Yes/No
………………. represents a group of characters such as names, but it is limited to 255

characters. Names, surnames, and addresses are examples of the text data type.
………………. is used to write larger text (maximum of 64,000 characters).
………………. is for numeric data. Age, amount, and weight are examples of the number
type.
………………. is used to store a date or time. Purchase date and birth date are examples
of this data type.
………………. is used to represent a currency (money) value. Selling price and school
fee are examples of this type.
………………. sets the numeric values automatically. It is the easiest method for
assigning unique numbers to each record in a table.
The ………………. allows you to include other kinds of files in your database, such as
graphics, and other applications files.
………………. allows you to include pictures, images, and MS Office files.
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With the ………………. , you can provide a link from your document to a file in your
computer or to a web page on the Internet, or to an email address.
The ………………. is used to enter some pre-entered data or data from another table in a
column.
………………. is used for Boolean values. You can use one of these formats: True/False,
or On/Off. Any value requiring one of two options can be kept in yes/no fields.
With ………………. , you can create an expression that uses data from one or more fields.
You can designate different result data types from the expression.
Practice Work
1. The professor has asked John to create a table having details of 10 students of the class.
John has created a table with the following fields: PassNo, Name, Surname, PhoneNo,
BirthDate, MarkAvg, Gender, ClassParticipation(Y/N).
Can you help John choose data types to the fields and enter 20 records to fulfill the
assignment?
2. The fictional company Computers Today publishes several magazines/newsletters.

You will create a table about the products to their various details. The fields in the table
are ProductID, Category, Orders, Customers, PubDate. Can you create a table structure
based on these fields and enter 20 records?
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1.6. Opening an existing database
Open
You can use the Open command to work with an existing

database whereas the
To open or retrieve an existing file:
1. Click the File menu and select the Open command;

select your database file and then click the Open
command.
Or:
2. Press CTRL+O and select your database file; then click the Open command.
Saving a Database
If you want to use your Access database for later use, you should
save it. This can be done by:
i. clicking on the Save command on the Quick Access

toolbar or
ii. clicking the File tab and selecting Save command or
iii. pressing CTRL + S
When a database is saved for the first time, you are prompted to type a file name. The
name should be descriptive in helping to identify your database file later. MS Access
automatically adds ‘’.accdb’’ the extension name to database file. Save your database file
from time to time during your work. All newly created or modified database objects need
to be saved.
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Save As versus Save
The Save as command always opens a Save As dialog box

whereas - the Save command only opens Save As dialog box
during the first use. The Save command saves the changes you
make over the existing file without showing the Save as dialog
box.
In the Save As dialog box, you can:
a. save your file with another name;

b. change the file type;
c. choose the place you want to save your file.
Closing a Database
To close a database file:
1. Click on the File tab; then click the Close Database

command.
2. Click the close command on the title bar.
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1.7. Modify Table Design
Sometimes, you may need to change the table design after creating a table. In the
Datasheet View you can add, delete, rename, move and change the data type of a field.
Add a new field
1. Open the table, then

click the header with the
text Click to Add.
2. A drop-down menu will appear. Select the data type you'd like for the new field.
3. Type
a name for
your field,
then press
Enter.
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Delete a field
If you want to delete a field, click the field to select it and then click Delete in the Add &
Delete group. Click Yes in the message box that appears, to permanently delete field(s).
Move a field
1. Locate the field you want to

move, then hover your mouse
over the bottom border of the
field header. Your cursor will
become a four-sided arrow .
2. Click and drag the field to its new

location.
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3. Release your cursor. The field will
appear in the new location.
To change the data type for existing fields
1. Select the field whose data type you

want to change.
2. On the Ribbon, select the Fields tab,
then locate the Formatting group.
Click the Data Type drop-down
arrow.
3. Select the desired data type.
4. The field data type will be changed.

Depending on the data type you chose, you
may notice changes to your information. For instance, because we set the data type
for the Email field to Hyperlink, all of the email addresses in the field are now
clickable links.
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1.8. Totaling and Sorting
Sorting Records in the Tables
You can sort and rearrange contents of the fields in a table in

a specified order.
i. From the Navigation Pane, open your table by double-

clicking it. You can use the F11 key to open the Navigation
Pane if it is not visible.
ii. Click the field that you want to use to sort the records.
iii. From the Home menu ribbon, click the Sort Ascending button if you want to sort
the records from 0 to 9 or from A to Z.
iv. From the Home menu ribbon, click the Sort Descending button if you want to sort
the records from 9 to 0 or from Z to A.
Using Criteria
You can sort MS Access records using more than one field. Access sorts criteria by first
sorting the column to the left; the column immediately to the right of that column is sorted
next.
1. Open the table that you want

to sort according to the
criteria.
2. Click on Home ribbon menu;
in the Sort & Filter group,
click Advanced, then click the
Advanced Filter / Sort option.
A window appears.
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3. Select your sort criteria. By clicking in the first field of the first column, a small
menu marked by an arrow will appear.
4. Click on the arrow to access a list of all column (field) titles. Select the first column
you want to sort by. In the text box directly below, select the sort order that you
want (ascending or descending).
5. Repeat these steps for the second and any additional fields that you want to sort
by.
6. When your criteria are selected, click the Apply Filter button. You will see the
records sorted according to the criteria you have just established.
Calculated fields
When you create a calculated field, you are adding a new field in which every row contains
a calculation involving other numerical fields in this row. To do this, you must enter a
mathematical expression, which is made up of field names in your table and mathematical
symbols. You don't need to know too much about math or expression-building to create a
useful calculated field.
1. Select the Fields tab, locate the Add &

Delete group, and click the More Fields
drop-down command.
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2. Hover your mouse over Calculated Field, and select the
desired data type. We want our calculation to be a number, so
we'll select Number.
3. Build your expression. To select fields to include in your

expression, double-click the field name in the
Expression Categories box. Remember to
include mathematical operators like + or -.
Because we want to multiply our two fields, we
put the multiplication symbol (*) between the
two field names, which we selected from the
Expression Categories box.
4. Click OK. The calculated field will be added

to your table. If you want, you can now sort or filter
it like any other field.
To create a totals row
1. Select the Home tab, then locate

the Data group.
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2. Click the Totals command.
3. Scroll down to the last row of your table.
4. Locate the field

you want to create
a totals row for,
then select
the second empty
cell below it. When
a drop-down
arrow appears, click it.
5. Select the function you want to be performed on the field

data.
6. Your field total

will appear.
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1.9. Exercises
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Which one of the following is different from the others?
a. Field
b. Category
c. Attribute
d. Record
e. Column
2. To keep the pictures in a field in a table which data type do you need?
a. OLE
b. Memo
c. Bounded Picture
d. List
e. Text
3. To maintain the order number of the computers in a computer room, which data type
will be the best selection?
a. Byte
b. Integer
c. Decimal
d. Long Integer
e. Single
4. Which data type will be the best selection for the key field in the main table?
a. AutoNumber
b. Long Integer
c. Text
d. OLE
e. Date/Time
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5. Which data type will be the best selection for the book summary field in a table?
a. List
b. Memo
c. Text
d. Long text
e. Number
6. To design a table, you should first decide ______________.
a. Data types
b. Indexed field
c. Field names
d. Field properties
e. Key fields
7. What do you use to achieve the following goals?
I. Speed up your data search and access time
II. Link tables to one another
a. Indexed fields
b. Queries
c. Macros
d. Relationships
e. Lookup fields
8. Which one of the following fields is not suitable for adding an index?
I. Boarding status (yes / no field)
II. School fee field
III. Student picture fields
IV. Notes (with memo data type)
V. Birthdate
VI. Father’s Name
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a. I, II, III and IV
b. III, V and VI
c. III and IV
d. I, II and III
e. V and VI
9. The main purpose of a _____________ is to uniquely identify the records in a table and
implement a relationship between two tables.
a. Primary key
b. Indexed field
c. Query
d. Macros
e. Calculated field
10. If you are designing a flat-file database (which contains only one table), you do not
need to specify:
a. Indexed fields
b. Field names
c. Field types
d. Key field
e. Table name
11. Which of the following option is not important to select a field to use as a primary key
field?
a. Primary key must uniquely identify each record.

b. The primary-key value cannot be null.
c. The primary-key value cannot be changed after entered
d. The primary key field must be first field in a table.
e. The primary-key value cannot be repeated.
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12. Primary key fields are set automatically by MS Access to
a. Non-indexed field
b. Indexed Duplicate OK field
c. Indexed No Duplicate field
d. First field
e. AutoNumber field
13. Which of the following fields would be the wrong selection for use as a key field in a
table?
a. Citizenship number
b. Social security number
Practice Work
1. Design a table to keep track of students’ registration information, such

as name, surname, father’s name, address, birth date, and photo,
and save your database as studentdb.
2. Design a table to keep track of the inventory in a school; save

your database as inventorydb.
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3. A shopping center in the city maintains the details of all
the products in an Access table. The fields in the table are:
ID, Product, Price, Quantity, and Store.
a. Create a similar table and enter 20 records.

b. Sort them in the descending order of their price.
c. Assign you own data types.
4. A secondary school declares the

annual results online with the following
fields: StId, Name, Surname, Avg and
Grade.
a. Decide the data types for the given fields.

b. Avg should be less than or equal to 10. Otherwise, a message should be displayed
saying “It should be less than or equal to 10”.
c. Enter 20 records.
d. Sort the table in the ascending order of Avg.
5. A book store maintains the details of all its books in a database for inventory purposes.
Create a table with the following fields: ID, BookName,
Author, Price and Quantity. Perform the following tasks:
a. Sort the table in the ascending order of BookName.

b. Sort the table in the descending order of Price.
c. Sort the table in the descending order of quantity.
d. Find the record “Shakespeare”.
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1.10. Filtering and Searching Data
Filtering Records in the Tables
Filtering allows you to retrieve specific information from a table. For example, in our
database, we can run a filter to select the students whose names start with the letter ‘S’.
Here are the steps:
a. Open the table containing the records that you want to filter.
b. Click the arrow next
to the Filed name and then
select the any filter option.
c. Or click the Filter button on
the Home tab ribbon in Sort &
Filter group.
d. Access displays a
menu at the location of the
selected field. Select your filter
type.
e. For our example: select the Begins With... option and type “S” to filter all of the
students whose name starts with the letter S. The result will list the filtered
students.
f. To further filter your search, select a second field from the filtered table and
continue.
Remove the Filter
If you want to see all your records again without filtering them, you can remove the filter:
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1. Select the filtered
table, select the
filtered field, then
click the Filter
button again.
2. From the menu, click
the Clear filter or
from the Advanced
button select Clear All Filters option to remove all filters.
3. To delete filter(s) temporarily, click the Toggle Filter button.
Finding and Replacing
Records in Tables
To use the
Find and
Replace
dialog box,
open your
table in the
Datasheet
view and,
from the Home tab, in the Find group click the Find command.
The Replace tab is used to change the data found by the Find command to the data in the
Replace text box.
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LessonReview
Practice Work
Create the following database.
a. List students whose name begin with letter E.

b. List 7th grade students.
c. List students whose biology mark is 10.
d. List students whose turkish mark is less or equal to 9.
e. List students whose physics mark is more than 9.
f. List students whose history mark is more than 6 and less than 10.
g. List students whose math mark is not 10.
h. List students whose ICT mark is 10.
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1.11. Review and Practice
Design a table to keep track of students’

registration information, such as name,
surname, father’s name, address, birth date,
AvgMark, and photo, and save your database as
studentdb.
a. Filter students with the highest average marks.

b. Filter students with the smallest age.
c. Find students whose name starts with “A”.
d. Find students whose surname starts with “J”.
Design a table to keep track of the inventory in a school; save your database as
inventorydb.
a. Filter products with the highest average

price.
b. Filter products with the smallest
quantity.
c. Find products whose name starts with
“b”.
d. Find products whose surname starts with “e”.
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1.12. Creating a Table in the Design View
There are three methods for designing a table in MS Access:
1. Creating a table from scratch in the Design view
2. Creating a table in the Datasheet view
3. Creating a table by using a template
You can design your table from scratch. Let’s

design the following table.
Access opens a table in the Datasheet view; to

switch your view to the Design view:
Click the Design view button or

from the Table Tools/Fields on the
ribbon in the Views group.
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Select the Design View button or in the Database navigation pane right-click the table
name and then select the Design View option.
When prompted “Do you want to save?”, give a proper

name to your table and select the OK button.
Type the field names and set the proper Data Types.
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1.13. Field Properties Pane and Field Grid Pane
The characteristics and behavior of tables and fields are defined and controlled by the
properties. A table’s properties
are set in the table's property
sheet, for example, you can set a
table's Default View property to
specify how the table is
displayed by default. A field’s
property defines an aspect of the field's behavior. You can also set field properties in
Design view by using the Field Properties pane. Every field has a data type which defines
the kind of information stored in the field. For example, multiple lines of text or currency
are data types.
In an Access database, table properties are attributes of a table that affect the appearance
or behavior of the table as a whole. Table properties are set in the table's property sheet,
in Design view. For example, you can set a table's Default View property to specify how
the table is displayed by default. A field property applies to a particular field in a table and
defines one of the field's characteristics or an aspect of the field's behavior. You can set
some field properties in Datasheet view (Datasheet view: A view that displays data from
a table, form, query, view, or stored procedure in a row-and-column format. In Datasheet
view, you can edit fields, add and delete data, and search for data.). You can also set any
field property in Design view by using the Field Properties pane.
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1.14. Queries
What is a query?
You can consider a query as a request used primarily to extract, gather, and select required
data from a database. It is also used in certain cases to manipulate data, such as updating
and deleting records or
calculations in data
fields. There are also
some sophisticated
queries to automate
these data operations. A
query can select
different data fields
from one or more related tables to create a list, such as a list of names, surnames, father’s
names, and father’s phone numbers of the students who attended Computer Science
course. You can use the queries to perform calculations on data to produce the sum,
average, count, and some other mathematical operations. For example, you can calculate
the averages of all students as well as the class averages.
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Using the Query wizard
Using the Query wizard is a quickly, effective

method to design a query easily. To make a
simple select query:
On the Create tab, click the Query Wizard

button:
Select the Simple Query

Wizard in the list, and click
OK. In the Tables/Queries
list, click Table. Then
double-click the required
fields from the Available
Fields list to the Selected
Fields list.
In the next dialog box, name your query and click the Finish button.
Access runs the query and

displays the results in the
Datasheet view. You can
scroll through the results and
see that information is
displayed in order.
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1.15. Exercises
Task One
 Create a query based on the tbl_Employees table.
 Display the following fields: First_Name, Last_Name, Job_Title, Telephone,

Nationality, Dept_ID.
 Select all employees who are American.
 Sort by Last_Name.
 Save your query with the name qry_17-1.
Additional tasks:
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 Create a second query based on the tbl_Employees table.
 Display the following fields in this order: First_Name, Last_Name, Job_Title,

Telephone.
 Select all employees who work in the Sales Department (Dept_ID = 100).
 Do not display the Dept_ID field in the query results.
 Sort by Job_Title and then by Last_Name, but do not change the order of the fields.
 Save your query with the name qry_17-2.
Task Two
Create a query based on the tbl_Employees table. Select all employees whose surnames
begin with the letter “W”. Decide for yourself which fields to display. Save your query
with the name qry_18-1. How many records are displayed in the query results?
Create a query based on the tbl_Employees table. Select all employees with Manager in43
their job title. Decide for yourself which fields to display. Save your query with the name
qry_18-2. How many records are displayed in the query results?
Create a query based on the tbl_Employees table. Select all employees whose surnames
begin with the letter “W”. Decide for yourself which fields to display. Save your query
with the name qry_18-1. How many records are displayed in the query results?
Create a query based on the tbl_Employees table. Select all employees with Manager in
their job title. Decide for yourself which fields to display. Save your query with the name
qry_18-2. How many records are displayed in the query results?
Task Three
Create a query based on the tbl_Employees table. Show details for all employees who are
either managers or who work in the Sales Department (Dept_ID = 100). Save your query
with the name qry_19-1.
managers in the Sales Department. Save your query with the name qry_19-2.
What type of logical operator does each of the above two queries use? Which of the two
queries returns the most records and why?
Additional tasks:
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officers in either the Finance Department (Dept_ID = 300) or the Personnel Department
(Dept_ID = 500). How many records are displayed in the query results? Save your query
with the name qry_19-3.
Task Four
Create a query based on the tbl_Employees table. Select all employees who were born
before 1950. Decide for yourself which fields to display. Save your query with the name
qry_20-1.
Create a second query based on the tbl_Employees table. Select all employees who were
born during the 1960s. Decide for yourself which fields to display. Save your query with
the name qry_20-2.
1.16. Forms
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Forms are used to view, enter, edit, and
modify data quickly and easily in tables

Create a second query based on the tbl_Employees table. Select all employees who were
born during the 1960s. Decide for yourself which fields to display. Save your query with
the name qry_20-2.
1.16. Forms
Forms are used to view, enter, edit, and
modify data quickly and easily in tables
directly or through a query.
A form contains a Form Header, Detail, Form

Footer, Title bar, and Status bar.
There are several ways to create a form in MS

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Access:
Creating a Form Using the Form, Split Form, and Multiple Form Options
You can use the Form tool to quickly create a form that displays information about one
record at a time:
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1. In the Navigation Pane, click the table or query that contains the data that you want
to use on your form.
You can use the Form tool to quickly create a form that displays information about one
record at a time:
2. On the Create ribbon menu, in the Forms section, click More Form button, then
click the Datasheet option.
3. Access creates the form automatically
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Creating a Form Using the Datasheet Option
You can use the Datasheet tool to quickly create a form in the Datasheet format, which
displays all records at a time.
2. On the Create the ribbon, in the Forms section, click the Form, Split Form or
Multiple Items option.
3. Access creates the form automatically and displays it in Layout view.
4. To start your new form, switch to Form view. On the Home ribbon menu, in the
5. Views group, click View, and then click Form View.
Create a Form Using the Form Wizard
When you use Form, Split Form, Datasheet, and some other options to make a form,
Access automatically adds all fields and uses its own default styles.
The form wizard provides options about how fields appear on the form, what layout and
style will be used, and how the data are grouped and sorted.
To use the Form Wizard option:
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1. In the Create tab on the ribbon, in the Forms
section, click the More Forms command, and
then click Form Wizard.
2. Follow the directions on the dialog boxes of
the Form Wizard.
3. In the first dialog box, you can select the table or query that contains the data you
want to work on and then select the fields to locate the data in your Form; then
click the Next button.
4. In the second dialog box, chose the

form layout and then click the Next
button.
5. In the last dialog box, you can name

your form and decide to open your form or continue developing your form design
yourself.
6. On the last page of the wizard, click Finish.

The Form Wizard produces a variety of forms
depending on the options that you select.
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1.17. Reports
What is a report?
Reports display selected and

required information in an
organized fashion for previewing
on the screen or as hard-copy
printouts.
Report vs. Forms
Reports and forms are used to give people easy access to the information stored in the
tables in a database. However, reports and forms have different aims for use:
 Forms are used to enter, view, delete, and edit information. Reports are used only
to view information.
 Forms are usually used to display information on the screen, whereas Reports are
usually designed for printing needs. Although you can print tables, queries, or
forms, they lack the formatting features for printing purposes that are available to
reports.
 Forms generally provide information for the people who actually work with the
database. Reports are often used to group and summarize data and are often for
people who do not work with the database, but who use its information for other
business tasks.
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There are several ways to
create a report in MS
access:
Making a Report Using Auto Report
An Auto Report automatically adds all the fields in its data source, whether a table or
query. It designs a tabular report where the labels for all fields appear on one line at the
top of the report, with all records visible below them. To create a report using Auto Report:
1. Click on the
table or query
in the
navigation
pane.
2. From the
Create ribbon menu, click the Report button. Access automatically makes a tabular
report from the selected table or query.
Making a Report Using Wizard
The Report Wizard provides an easy and fast way to make a report. The Report Wizard
guides you through each step. You answer questions about your report, and Access
makes a report according to the options you have selected.
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To start the Report wizard:
1. Click the Report Wizard

icon from the Create
ribbon menu in the
Reports group.
2. Follow the directions in
the dialog boxes of the
Report Wizard.
3. From the first dialog
box, you can select the
table or query and the
fields to include in your
Report, then click the Next button.
4. In the second dialog box, add grouping levels and then click the Next button.
5. From the third dialog box, select sort order for your records and then click the Next
button.
6. From the fourth dialog box, select layout and orientation styles. If you do not select
any layout, Access will select the Tabular layout and
7. Portrait orientation style as a default setting. Click the next button.
In the last dialog box, you will be prompted

to enter a name for your new report. After
you type a name, click the Finish button to
see your report. If you want to change your
report design in this step you can select
Modify the report’s design option, and then
click the Finish button.
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1.18. Exercises
1. Which one of the following is not a form control?
a. List box
b. Option box
c. Check box
d. Menu
e. Textbox
2. You can link a form to _____________
a. a macro
b. a table field
c. a table
d. a form control
e. a report
3. You can link a form control to _____________
a. a table
b. a table field
c. a form
d. a query
e. a report
4. To link a form, use the _____________ option in design view.
a. Table source
b. Record set
c. Record source
d. Data source
e. Query
5. Which form control can be used for a Yes/No field in a form?
a. Label
b. Navigation
c. Input box
d. Check box
e. Bound Object Frame
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6. Which form controls cannot be used for field used to display student’s class in a form?
I. Text Box II. List Box III. Combo Box IV. Check box V. Option Box
a. I, II and III
b. III and IV
c. I and II
d. III, IV and V
e. IV and V
7. You want to get a nicely formatted and appealing printout of some information. Which
database object will help you prepare such a printout?
a. Forms
b. Modules
c. Tables
d. Queries
e. Reports
8. All reports must contain _______________.
a. A title section
b. A date/time section
c. A detail section
d. A footnote section
e. A logo section
9. Which of the following database components can be the source of a report?
I. Table
II. Form
III. Query
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IV. Report
a. I and II
b. II and III
c. I and III
d. II and IV
e. I, II and III
10. Which of the following is the main purpose of reports?
a. To view and enter data

b. To store and modify data
c. To filter and search data
d. To display and present data
e. To display and modify data
11. You want display the date and your class name on every page of a report; you should
add this information to the _______________.
a. Page group
b. Page header
c. Detail section
d. Page footer
e. Report footer
Practice Work
1. Create a database named studentdb (with 20 records and 5 fields) and design a form
for that table.
a. Open the form and create records for five students.

b. Open the table and find the records that you have just created with the help of the
form.
c. Open the table and create three new records at the end of the table.
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d. Open the form and find the records that you have just created directly into the
table.
2. Create a database named inventorydb (with 20 records and 5 fields) and design a form
for that table.
3. Create a database named studentdb (with 20 records and 5 fields).
1. Design a report to make a list of the students. List the name, surname, and their
classes.
2. Design a report that asks for class name and lists only those students from that
class. Display the students’ names and surnames in the detail section; at the top of
the report, automatically display the class name that the user entered one time.
4. Design a database to keep track of students’ payments. (Design a single table database
with fields such as name, surname, address, city, school fee, payment amount, payment
description, and payment date)
1. Design a report to prepare a receipt voucher to give to students after payment.

2. Design a report to prepare the extract (statement of payments) included the
calculated controls to display the total payment and the loan.
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HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)
2.1. Creating Lists

Last year, you have learnt how to create an HTML document in a text editor such as
Notepad and view it in a Web browser. You had also learned about some basic HTML
tags and attributes.
This year, you will learn how to create different types of lists and how to insert images in
an HTML document. Let us first recall the properties of the HTML elements discussed in
class 7.
The HTML Page

Structure
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TEXT PROPERTIES
Property Description Values Examples
Color Specifies the Color name Color: red

foreground color of
the text. Hexadecimal Color: #243459
RGB color values Color: rgb (255, 0, 0)
Text-align Specifies the Left Text-align: right

horizontal
alignment of text or Right
block of text
Center
justify
Line-height Specifies the Normal Line-height: normal

distance between
two lines Number Line-height: 8px
Length
percentage value
Text- Specifies the None Text-decoration:

decoration decorations that are overline
added to the text. Underline
Text-decoration:
Overline undeline
line-through
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Text-shadow Specifies a list of None Text-shadow: 2px 2px
shadow effects to yellow
be applied to the color name
text
color value
Text-transform Controls the None Text-transform:

capitalization of uppercase
text Uppercase
Lowercase
FONT PROPERTIES
font Specifies all the font “font-style font- Font: italic 24px calibri
properties in one size font-family”
declaration
Font- Specifies a list of font Font name Font-family: calibri

family names
Font size Specifies the size of a x-small Font-size: large

font
small Font-size: 15px
medium (default) Font-size: 15pt
Large
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Value
percentage
Font-style Specifies the style of Normal Font-style: italic

the font.
Italic Font-style: obilique
obilique
BORDER PROPERTIES
Property Description Values
Border Sets all the border Border-width, Border: solid 3px

properties in one border-style, green
declaration border-color
Border-width Specifies the width Thin Border-width:

of the border thick
Medium (default)
Border-width: 6px
Thick
Length (you can

define the thicknees
of the border)
Border-style Specifies the style of None (no border) Border-style: solid

the border
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Dotted Border-style: ridge
Dashed
Solid
Double
Groove
Ridge
Inset
Outset
Border-color Specifies the color Color name Border-color: red

of the border
Color value
BACKGROUND PROPERTIES
Background-color Specifies the Color name/ color Background-color:

background color value/ transparent green
Background- Specifies the URL of the image Background-image:

image background image url(‘image.jpg’)
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Background- Specifies the initial Left top/ left Background-
position position of the center/ left bottom/ position: center
background image right top/ right center
center/ right
bottom/ center top/
center center/
center bottom x-
position, y-
position X%, Y%
Background- Specifies whether Scroll Background-

attachment the background attachment: fixed
image is fixed or Fixed
scroll when the
user scrolls the rest
of the page
Background- Specifies whether Repeat Background-repeat:

repeat the background repeat-x
image is repeated Repeat-x
or not
Repeat-y
No-repeat
Lists
Html supports several types of list elements that we can include within the <body> tag of
the document. These elements may be nested, i.e., one set of elements can be embedded
within another.
List Item Tag
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within another.
List Item Tag
We use the list item tag <li> to define each item of a list. Once we define the list items
with the<li> tag. The list appears in the Web browser in bulleted form (by default).
The different types of lists that we can create in an HTML documents are:
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 Unordered lists
 Ordered lists
 Description lists
Creating an unordered list
An unordered list is used for items in which the ordering of items is not important. An
unordered list is also called a bulleted list.
The list is defined using the <ul> and </ul> tags. Each item in the list is defined using the
<li> tag.
Working with list Properties
Using the list properties, you can specify the style and position of the list-item marker.
Various list properties that are common to both ordered and unordered lists are given in
this table.
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Property Description Value (s) Examples
List-style-
This is used to set all list
position; list- List-style: square
List-style properties in one
style-image; list- inside
declaration
style-type
Inside
List-style- Specifies the position of List-style-position:
position the list-item marker inside
outside
Example: The list properties for an unordered list:
Property Description Value(s) Examples
Specifies the image that None (default), or path

List-style- List-style-image:
will be used as the list- of the image to be used
image url(‘name.jpg’)
item marker as the list-item marker
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Specifies the bullet
List-style- None, disc(default), List-style-type:
style that will be used as
type circle, or square square
the list-item marker
Example: List style type circle.
Example: List style image.
Orderd list Tag
An ordered list defines a list of items in which the order of items matters. An ordered list
is also called a numbered list. The list items are enclosed within the <ol> and </ol> tags.
Ordering of the list items is given by a numbering scheme, using Arabic numbers, letters,
or Roman numerals.
The list property used for an ordered list is given below:
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Property Description Value(s) Example
Specifies the Decimal (default), lower- List-style-

List-style-type type of list-item roman, upper-roman, lower- type: lower-
marker alpha, or upper-alpha alpha
Example: Ordered List
Example: Ordered List with upper-roman numbers
LessonReview
Exercise 1: Create an unordered list with your subjects use image as list marker.
Exercise 2: Create an ordered list with the daily lessons.
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2.2. Nesting Lists and Description Lists
Nesting Lists
Apart from creating ordered and unordered lists, HTML also allows nesting of lists. You
can nest any list inside any other list. For example, an ordered list can be nested within an
unordered list, or an ordered list can be nested within another ordered list.
Example:
Description List Tag

The description list tag is used to build a list of definitions. The tags used for creating a
description list are:
<dl> Description list
<dt> Definition List term
<dd> Definition list description
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Example:
LessonReview
Exercise 1: Create a nested List.
Exercise 2: Create a description List.
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2.3. Exercises
Exercise 1: Create a simple Web page using HTML to explain the computer hardware
and to list the computer parts. Set the following properties:
1. Background color should be yellow.
2. Paragraph text should be in blue. Font size should be large and font should be Arial
3. Heading level 2 should be center-aligned, in red, and in upper case.
4. Unordered list in maroon, medium font size, in Comic Sans Ms font. The list –
item marker should be a disc.
Result:
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2.4. Inserting image
We can use various types of fonts and lists in an HTML document as per our requirement.
Similarly, we can add graphics or images to make the document look attractive. You have
already learnt how to insert images as a background using the background-image property.
Here we will learn how to insert image to support the text. Web browsers support a number
of graphic formats like jpeg, gif, tiff, etc. Given below are some of the most widely used
formats:
 Graphics Interchange Format (GIF) is the best format for displaying images
designed with a graphics program. This format uses a maximum of 256 colors and
a combination of these to create more colors. The GIF format is not suitable for
photographicimages or images with gradient colors because GIF format has
limited colors.
 Joint Photographic Expert Group (JPEG) is the best format for photographs,
as it contains 1 million colors.
 Portable Network Graphics (PNG) This format is best for images with
transparencies or low color counts.
Image Tag
The <img> tag specifies an image to be displayed in an HTML document. The <img> tag
has the following attributes.
Attribute Description Value(s) Examples

Specifies the URL
Src URL <img src=”name.jpg”>
of an image
Specifies an <img src=”name.jpg”
Alt alternate text for an Text alt=”Image not
image available”
Specifies the height <img src=”name.jpg”
Height Value in pixels
of an image height=”100”>
<img src=”name.jpg”
Specifies the width
Width Value in pixels height=”100”
of an iamge
width=”80”>
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You have already learnt how to set alignment and border properties in the previous class.
The same can also be used for an <img> tag.
Example: Let’s insert an image in our web page.
Example: Let’s change the height and width.
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LessonReview
Exercises
Exercise 1: Create a webpage with your preferred flower, insert an image and
change the font properties.
2.5. Creating Tables
A table arranges data in rows and columns. Tables in Web pages make the data easier to
read and interpret. Professional’s quality Web sites always use tables, where the cells
contain text, graphics and links. Tables are a powerful tool for laying out the contents of
a web page. By using tables, the designer can place text and graphics anywhere on the
page.
Basic Table Tags

The table below shows the basic tags that are used to create a table in an HTML document.
Tag Tag Name Description

This is tha main tag
<table>________</table> Table tag used to define a table in
HTML.
The table row tag
<tr>__________</tr> Table tow tag defines a horizontal row
of cells.
The table data specifies
<td>_____________</td> Table data tag an individual block or
cell in a table row
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The table header
indicates that the cell is
<th>__________</th> Table header tag
a header for a column or
row.
Table caption/heading
Table caption/
<caption>_____________</caption> defines a caption for the
heading tag
title of the table.
Let us now move to the various table properties associated with the table tag.
Property Description Value Example

Specifies the
Top (default)
caption-side placement of a table caption-side:bottom
Bottom
caption
Value1, value1
value2 (in px, cm,
etc)
If one value is
specified, then it
specified both the
Specifies the horizontal and border-spacing:
distance between vertical spacing. 10px
border-spacing
the borders of If two values are border-spacing:
adjacent cells specified, then the 12px 20px
first value specifies
the horizontal
spacing and the
second value
specifies vertical
spacing.
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Specifies whether or
Separate (default), border-collapse:
border-collapse not table borders
collapse collapse
should be collapsed
Specifies whether or
not to display
borders and Show (default),
empty-cells empty-cells: hide
background for hide
empty cells in a
table
Specifies the width Values as width: 100%
width
of a table percentage or pixels width: 25px
Specifies the height Values as height: 100%
height
of a table percentage or pixels height: 25px
Example 1: Let’s see how to create a table and use the properties.
Example 2: Let’s see how to create a table and use the properties.
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Notice that in the above example, a border is applied to the table only. You can apply
border properties to the <td>, <tr>, and <th> tags also.
Table data <td> tag properties.
Property Description Value

Sets the horizontal
text-align left, right, or center
alignment of text in a table
Sets the vertical alignment
vertical-align top, bottom, or middle
of text in a table
Specifies the space between
padding the border and content in a Value in pixels
table
Insert image in a table cell
You can also insert an image in a table cell using the <img> tag.
Example:
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LessonReview
Exercises
Exercise: Create a table like this.
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2.6. Exercises
Exercise 1: Create a table like this.
Exercise 2: Create a Web page like this. Use description lists and images.
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2.7. Linking
Hyperlinks, or simply links, are the most important part of the World Wide Web. Links
tie Web pages together in a Web site or across different Web sites. Without links, the
World Wide Web would not be at all.
There are three different kinds of links:
 Internal A link to a point on the current page.
 Local A link to another page on the same Web site.
 Global A link to a page on a different Web site.
Let us discuss in detail how to link one web page to another on the same Web site.
Anchor Tag
The HTML tag we use to create a link is the anchor tag <a>. This tag is a container
element, as it has an OK tag <a> and an OFF tag </a>. The HREF (Hypertext Reference)
attribute of the anchor tag specifies the destination page or the file where the link will take
you.
Example: If the words ‘Next Page’ are to be added as a link to an HTML file, the code
will be
<a href=”filename.html”>Next Page </a>

 To link to a page on the WorlD Wide Web, HREF must have the complete address.
<a href=https://google.com> Google</a>
 To link to a page in the same directory as the current page, HREF needs to have
only the page name.
<a href=”results.html”>Exam Results</a>
 To send an e-mail, ‘mailto:’ is required before the address.
<a href=”mailto:abc_d@gmail.com>Author</a>
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Defining colors for links
The HTML code above specifies four colors.

 Link (standard link) The color of a link the visitor has not been yet.
 Visited (visited link) The color of a link to a page the visitor has visited.
 Active (active link) The color of a link when it is clicked.
 Hover The color of a link when the mouse point is Over it.
Example: Let’s see how to change the color links in HTML.
Image Link
We often want to use an image as a link, so that if someone clicks on the image, it opens
another Web page. For this, we use <img> tag within <a>_________</a> tag.
<a href=https://youtube.com><img src=”rotating_earth.gif”></a>
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Example: Image as a link.
2.8. Review & Practice
Exercise 1: Create a Web Page like this. In the link when it’s clicked go to google website.
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2.9. Inserting Audio and Video
You can also insert multimedia object, e.g., audio and video files, in a Web page using
HTML5.
Audio tag
HTML 5 defines a new tag named the audio tad <audio> that specifies a standard way to
insert an audio file in a Web page.
The attributes of this tag are given in the following table.
Attribute Description Value

Plays the audio file automatically when the Web page
autoplay autoplay
is loaded
controls Displays the controls on the Web page Controls
src Specifies the URL of the audio file URL
loop Indicates replaying the audio file once it has finished loop
Example: Let insert an audio in a web page.
The <audio> tag would not work in some Web browser versions that not fully support
HTML 5 and/or the file formats. Currently the file formats supported are WAV, MP3,
and Ogg. An ogg file format has the extension .oga for audio files.
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Video tag
The video tag <video> is used to insert a video file in an HTML document. The attributes
of this tag show in the table on the next page.
src Specifies the URL of the video file to be played URL
Specifies the height of the video player displayed

height Value in pixels
on the Web page
Specifies the width of the video player displayed on

width Value in pixels
the Web page
Plays the video file automatically on loading a Web

autoplay Autoplay
page
Displays the controls on a Web page, such as the

controls Controls
Play button.
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Example: Let insert a video in a web page.
The <video> tag is compatible only with some browser versions. The file formats
supported are MP4, WebM, Ogg. A video file in Ogg file format has the extension .ogv.
LessonReview
Exercise 1: Create a web page with top ten music of your country.
Exercise 2: Create a web page with your best movies and insert the trailer.
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2.10. Creating Frames
Frames allow us to open more than one web page simultaneously in a browser window.
Frames divide the screen into rectangular areas, each of which contains an HTML
document.
<iframe> tag
The <iframe> tag is now used to define an inline frame that enables you to display a
Web page within a Web page.
The attributes of the <iframe> tag are given in the following table.

URL of the Web page to be displayed in the
src URL
frame
width Specifies the width of the inline frame Value in pixels
height Specifies the height of the inline frame Value in pixels
Shows an inline frame as part of the containing
seamless Empty, seamless
element
Example: Creating two frames and connecting with two webpages.
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Exercise 1: Create a Web Site like this.
First page
1. The title of the page is HOME.

2. Use headings h1 for the text Creating Tables and Lists.
3. Add a caption for the table TIMETABLE
4. Add red color for the border of the table.
5. Add green color for the border of the header table.
6. Add black color for the border of the data table.
7. Use Lists.
8. Use link to go to the page Video.
9. The active link has the green color.
10. The hover link has the red color.
11. The visited link has the black color.
12. The link link has the blue color.
13. Background color pink.
13. Background color pink.
Second Page
ond Page
1. The title of the page

1. The title of the page is VIDEO and
is VIDEO and AUDIO. 84
AUDIO. 2. Use headings h1 for the text AUDIO and VIDEO. 83
2. Use headings h1 for the3.textInsert
AUDIO the and VIDEO.
video and the size is width=500 and height=350
3. Insert the video and the 4.
sizeUse
is width=500 andforheight=350
headings h4 the text Alban Skenderaj.
Second Page
1. The title of the page

is VIDEO and
AUDIO.
2. Use headings h1 for the text AUDIO and VIDEO.
3. Insert the video and the size is width=500 and height=350
4. Use headings h4 for the text Alban Skenderaj.
5. Insert Audio and when the music ends repeat it.
6. Use link to go to the page Home.
7. The active link has the green color.
8. The hover link has the red color.
9. The visited link has the black color.
10. The active link has the blue color.
11. Background color brown.
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ADOBE DREAMWEAVER
ADOBE DREAMWEAVER
3.1. Introduction to Dreamweaver
Dreamweaver - what is it?
Adobe Dreamweaver is a software application that allows you to create and develop Web
sites.
Dreamweaver is considered WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get), meaning that
when you format your Web page, you see the results of the formatting instead of the mark-
ups that are used for formatting. HTML is not WYSIWYG, whereas Microsoft Word is
WYSIWYG. However, Dreamweaver allows you to hand code HTML as well.
Dreamweaver also supports CSS and JavaScript
86 as well as other languages including ASP
and PHP.
Dreamweaver makes it easy to upload your entire Web site to a Web server. You can also
preview your site locally. Dreamweaver also lets you create templates for your Web site
that you can use again and again by modifying certain unrestricted areas within the
template. Then if you want to change one particular part of your Web site (the logo
changes, a main link changes), you only have to modify the template for the changes to
propagate throughout your Web site.
Dreamweaver is fairly complex software. In this lab we will be getting a basic introduction
to this software package.
Creating a Web Site: Content
When designing a Web Site, keep the following in mind: 85
1. your overall goal (the purpose of your web site),

Dreamweaver is fairly complex software. In this lab we will be getting a basic introduction
to this software package.
Creating a Web Site: Content
When designing a Web Site, keep the following in mind:
1. your overall goal (the purpose of your web site),
2. your objectives (what information you want your site to convey and how).
3. your audience (who they are, what they know, what they need to know), and
When designing your web site, you want to keep in mind the answer to the question,
“What is the purpose of my site?” Once you have the answer to that question firmly in
place, you can start worrying about the layout of your page. Start by dividing the content
into more and more refined subsections that still reflect the purpose of the site. Connect
the sections and subsections such that, as much as possible, the connections make logical
sense. How you design your Web site should also be influenced by your intended
audience. You should always keep in mind what the level of your general audience will
be, as this expected background knowledge may affect the content as well as the
connections you make within your Web site. Your target audience may affect your design
in another way – if you expect your audience will have older computers and slower
internet connections, you will want to be careful about what you include on your site other
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than text. Today we can also add sound, video, and even interactive programs to our Web
sites, but you need to keep in mind that all of these extras are large in size and may
significantly slow down how fast your Web site will download. You will also want to plan
out what links (both links within your own Web site and links to external Web sites). Web
sites differ from other media in that they allow users to choose the content they wish to
explore by clicking on links that take them to new Web pages. Keep in mind that
individuals may be jumping around both within your site and out of your site. If you were
to make a particular jump, what links would you want included to make your site more
navigable?
Creating a Web Site: Design
Now that we’ve got the content structured, we need to think about design. Let’s start by
thinking about Unity. You want your entire Web site to have a uniform look and feel.
86 Perhaps the colors or the color scheme remain the same throughout the site. Or perhaps
the images and layout stay the same, while the colors change. However you choose to
show unity, your entire Web site should have a uniform look and feel. When it comes to
to make a particular jump, what links would you want included to make your site more
navigable?
Creating a Web Site: Design
Now that we’ve got the content structured, we need to think about design. Let’s start by
thinking about Unity. You want your entire Web site to have a uniform look and feel.
Perhaps the colors or the color scheme remain the same throughout the site. Or perhaps
the images and layout stay the same, while the colors change. However you choose to
show unity, your entire Web site should have a uniform look and feel. When it comes to
fonts, unity can be exhibited by using no more than 2 font families – more and your site
tends to look cluttered and unprofessional. Unity should also exist between the look of
your site and the message you are trying to communicate. Funeral homes rarely use bright,
primary colors in their color scheme for a reason.
You also want to keep in mind that your site should be easily readable. While picking
monochromatic (colors that are very similar to each other, e.g., blue, blue-green, and green
color scheme would be monochromatic).color schemes for your web site may be pleasant
and have an overall calming feel, using a pale green font color on a pale blue background
may prove difficult for some people to read or follow. Similarly, having a bright, busy
background image may add energy and vibrancy to your web page but may also make
reading text tiresome and difficult.
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How Websites Work
a) The Internet
The Internet is a worldwide network of computer systems through which information can
be easily shared. The World Wide Web (www) is one method of sharing information
through the Internet. Other methods include FTP (file transfer protocol), IM (instant
messenger), and email.
b) Browsers
To view information through the World Wide Web, the end user must have a type of
software application called a browser installed on a computer that is connected to the
Internet. Current browsers include Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome,
Safari, and Opera. 87
through the Internet. Other methods include FTP (file transfer protocol), IM (instant
messenger), and email.
b) Browsers
To view information through the World Wide Web, the end user must have a type of
software application called a browser installed on a computer that is connected to the
Internet. Current browsers include Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome,
Safari, and Opera.
Because each browser and each browser version interprets code slightly differently, you
should test your website on several browsers before it is uploaded to a live web server.
c) Web server
A website is composed of many files that are located on a web server. A web server is a
computer connected to the internet that has special software installed on it (e.g. Microsoft
Internet Information Server or Apache), which allows it to host a web site.
If you work for a large company, the company may have its own web servers. Otherwise,
you can purchase an account at a web hosting company, which will provide you with space
on their web servers for your website files.
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d) URL, Domain Name, and IP Address
To view a web page in a browser, you must know the URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
of that web page. The URL is also called a web page address or a website address. It looks
like this:
http://www.example.com/index.html
http://192.0.2.1/testing/
The domain name uniquely identifies a website. Examples of domain names are
“example.com”, “google.com”, “berkeley.edu”, and “irs.gov”. You can reserve a domain
name through a domain name registrar company.
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A domain name points to the IP address (Internet Protocol address) of the web server. All
web servers connected to the Internet must have an IP address, although they do not have
The domain name uniquely identifies a website. Examples of domain names are
to have a domain name.
Examples are “192.0.2.1” and “24.23.247.3”.
to have a domain name.
Examples are “192.0.2.1” and “24.23.247.3”.

If you type the domain name of a website into your browser without specifying a web
page URL, your browser will display the designated home page of the website. The home
If you type the domain name of a website into your browser without specifying a web
page is a web page that has been marked as the default page to display by the web server.
page URL, your browser will display the designated home page of the website. The home
e) Static websites, Dynamic websites, and Content Management Systems
page is a web page that has been marked as the default page to display by the web server.
e) Static websites, Dynamic websites, and Content Management Systems
Static website is best for websites where there are not that many pages and the content
does not change often.
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In a more complicated site, the web page may be created “on the fly” by the web server at
90page. This is called a dynamic website. For
the moment a user clicks a link to request that
example, if you click a link on Amazon.com to view a product, the HTML code to display
that product page is created at that moment by a server-side script gathering data from a
database.
Common languages for the server-side script are PHP, Java/JSP, ASP.NET, Perl, and
ColdFusion.
A popular type of dynamic website is a CMS (Content Management System). This is a

combination of pre-built server-side scripts and a database. Although a website developer
needs to design and setup the CMS initially on a web server, a content manager can easily
update the content of a CMS without needing to know HTML or CSS.
Common CMS systems include Drupal, Joomla, and WordPress.
f) How the Browser displays a Web page
When a user types a URL into a browser or clicks a link to view a new page, the browser
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sends a request to the Internet to locate the web server to which that URL or link points.
needs to design and setup the CMS initially on a web server, a content manager can easily
update the content of a CMS without needing to know HTML or CSS.
Common CMS systems include Drupal, Joomla, and WordPress.
f) How the Browser displays a Web page

The browser reads the HTML code in
When a user
the web types
page anda URL into a browser
downloads any or clicks a link to view a new page, the browser
sends a request
additional to written
files as the Internet
in thetocode,
locate the web server to which that URL or link points.
such as image files or CSS files.
Then, the browser interprets the
The request arrives at the web server, and a copy of the requested web page is downloaded
HTML code and displays the page in
back to the user’s browser.
its window. If it does not understand
The browser reads the HTML code in
any of the coding, the browser may
the web page and downloads any
display an error or it may guess what the corrected code should look like.
additional files as written in the code,
such as image files or CSS files.
The
Then,copy
theof browser
the web page and additional
interprets the files are kept in the temporary internet files
HTMLofcode
cache the and
browser. They
displays thewill
pagestay
in there until the cache fills up and the old files are
removed.
its window. If the
If itfiles
doesare
notstill in the cache when the user tries to view the same web page
understand
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again,
any of the
thebrowser
coding, will check themay
the browser modification dates of the cached files and the website
files, and
display it will
an error or it display thewhat
may guess filesthefrom the code
corrected cacheshould
if the dates
look like. are the same.
The copy of the web page and additional files are kept in the temporary internet files
cache of the browser. They will stay there until the cache fills up and the old files are
removed. If the files are still in the cache when the user tries to view the same web page
again, the browser will check the modification dates of the cached files and the website
files, and it will display the files from the cache if the dates are the same.
Planning a Website
Before we start building our website in Dreamweaver, we should plan the objectives of
the site, the organizational structure, the folder structure, the basic page design, and
content. This will keep us focused as we develop the website.
a) Website objectives
Planning a Website
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Before we start building our website in Dreamweaver,
92 we should plan the objectives of
content. This will keep us focused as we develop the website.
a) Website objectives
The website objectives or website goals states the purpose of the website. This includes
the business objectives that the website must support, the required features, the target
audience, and other information to support92the development process. This might be as
simple as a one sentence statement or as elaborate as a multi-page project proposal
document.
b) Organizational structure
Once the objectives are set, we need to sketch an organizational structure for the
website. This structure helps us to decide what content goes on what page, how many
pages we need, how users can link to each page, and what the file name of the page will
be. This includes a home page as well as additional pages for our content. This structure
is often represented by a schematic layout called a site map.
For example, our sample website could have this site map:
Homepage
index.htm
Products Events About Contact

products.htm events.htm about.htm contact.htm
c) Folder structure
The folder structure is different from the organizational structure. The folder structure is
how the files will be saved and organized physically in the website directory.
All web files to be used in a website must be organized within a site root folder. At the
top level of this site root folder, the file called index.htm (or index.html) is the home page.
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Images are often saved into a separate images folder. While you are developing the
website, you might create temporary folders to keep content data.
For example, for our sample site, we know that we will have 5 HTML files plus images,
a CSS file, and some Word document with content. So we might have this folder structure:
d) Page layout wireframe
To create uniformity among the web pages in a website, you should plan a basic layout to
use as a template for your pages. This page layout is often represented in a wireframe,
which focuses on the placement of page elements.
For example, our sample

wireframe could be:
Logo Banner
Content and Images
Navigation Links
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92 Bottom Links
e) Page design mockup
Once you have a wireframe, you can create a page design mockup in any graphics
application, such as Photoshop or Fireworks. You can also sketch this on paper.
The purpose of the mockup is to provide a guideline for the color palette, the font and font
sizes, and the dimensions of the page and images.
f) Page content and images
Page content can be textual or images.

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Text content can be typed directly onto the html file in Dreamweaver or it can be copied
from another source, such as a Microsoft Word document. If you do not have the final text
content available as you start to develop your web pages, you can use placeholder text
instead of the final text.
Remember to replace the placeholder text with the actual text before you upload the
finalized web pages to your web server.
Images are the pictures to be displayed on your web page or to be used as background
images in CSS.
The image file type must be .gif, .jpg, or .png. The images should be prepared in a graphics
program, such as Photoshop or Fireworks, so that they are the correct dimensions and are
optimized for the web.
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3.2. Elements of Dreamweaver
Dreamweaver provides a way of building the web pages without knowing HTML or CSS.
a) WYSIWYG Theory
Dreamweaver and similar web design applications use a graphical interface, so that we
can design a web page visually instead of typing the HTML or CSS code.
These types of web design applications are called WYSIWYGs (What You See Is What
You Get). As we format and place objects visually, these programs generate the
underlying code for us.
However, these programs do not write code perfectly. Although you can create simple
pages completely through the WYSIWYG interface, you should learn some HTML and
CSS if you need to troubleshoot an issue or build complicated pages.
b) Local Site and Remote Site
In Dreamweaver, we create, update, Remote

Site
and test pages in our local computer
The Internet
first. To do so, we designate a folder in Cloud
our computer as a Local Site and save
all our web files into that folder using
our planned folder structure. Then,
when we are ready, we copy these files Local
Site
to the web server location, which is also
called the Remote Site.
In this course, we will only work with the Local Site to create our simple website.
c) Parts of the Dreamweaver Window
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In this course, we will only work with the Local Site to create our simple website.
c) Parts of the Dreamweaver Window

The Dreamweaver window contains the following main elements:
Main
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Toolbar Document Document Workspace Panel Groups
Toolbar Window Selector
Tag Properties
Selector
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d) Document Toolbar
The document toolbar changes how we view the web page file. The main commands that
we will use are:
d) Document Toolbar
Preview in Browser
File
The Preview in Browser
document toolbar changes how we view the web page file. The main commands that
Name
we will use are:
Preview in Browser
File
Preview in Browser
Name
Code/Split/Design
Views
e) Properties Inspector
The properties inspector lets us view and change the properties of a selected object in the
Code/Split/Design
document window. Each type of object has a different set of properties.
Views
e) Properties Inspector
The properties inspector lets us view and change the properties of a selected object in the
document window. Each type of object has a different set of properties.
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f) Panel Groups
The panel groups provide information as well as methods to

make changes to the web files and website. To expand a panel
group, click the arrow to the left of the group's name.
The Files panel lets you manage files and folders on a local
machine or remote server. It also lets you access files on your
local disk in the same way as Windows Explorer.
The Insert panel features

objects in several categories
that let you easily add images, web forms, and media
to your page.
To open or close a panel group, click the name of a

panel. If you need a panel that is not currently
displayed, go to the Window menu and select the
panel.
g) Workspaces
Workspaces are different layouts for the Dreamweaver

window.
You can select a workspace from the Workspace selector

button, or you can save a new workspace.
The Designer workspace provides the optimum

environment for visual designers.
Longtime users of Dreamweaver may choose the Classic

workspace, which displays the panels and toolbars
they’re accustomed to seeing and using in previous
Dreamweaver versions. 100
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workspace, which displays the panels and toolbars
they’re accustomed to seeing and using in previous
Dreamweaver versions.
h) Previewing Different Screen

Sizes
Dreamweaver has three preset

window sizes for phone, tablet,
and desktop computer.
These views are useful when you

want to see how your page will
look on different devices.
To target sizes other than the three

presets, or tothe
to layout orientation, use the Window Size drop-down menu—click change from
screen portrait
dimension
numbers in the lower-right corner of the document window.
to layout orientation, use the Window Size drop-down menu—click the screen dimension
numbers in the lower-right corner of the document window.
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Defining a Local Site
To use Dreamweaver
Defining to create a website, you should always designate a folder on your
a Local Site
computer to be your Local Site. If you do not, you will not be able to use features such as
To use Dreamweaver to create a website, you should always designate a folder on your
using relative linking or point to a file to create a link.
computer to be your Local Site. If you do not, you will not be able to use features such as
using relativea linking
a) Defining or point
new Local Site to a file to create a link.
Before you start this process, make sure you have created a folder in your computer that
a) Defining a new Local Site
will contain the files for your website.
Before you start this process, make sure you have created a folder in your computer that
will
Thiscontain thebe
folder can files for your website.
a completely empty folder for a brand new site, or a folder that contains
some information, such as images or existing web pages.
This folder can be a completely empty folder for a brand new site, or a folder that contains
some information,
For this such
exercise, we willasuse
images or existing
the class web pages.
folder called DW Development.
For this exercise, we will use the class folder called DW Development.
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1. In Dreamweaver, go to Site → New Site...
2. In the Site Setup dialog box, type the name of the site in the Site Name field.
3. Click the folder icon to the right of the Local Site Folder field.
4. In the Choose Root Folder

dialog box, navigate to find the folder
that will contain your website files.
Open that folder and make sure that

the correct folder is selected in the
lower left message.
5. Click Select.
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6. In the Site Setup
window, click Save.
b) Managing your
sites
1. In Dreamweaver, go to
Site → Manage Sites...
2. In the Manage Sites

dialog box, select a site
and click the buttons at the
bottom to edit an existing
site definition, duplicate a
site definition, or remove
a site definition.
• This does not edit, duplicate, or remove the

actual site files or folder. This only changes the
definition of the Local Site.
3. Click Done.
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c) Switching between
your sites
1. In the Files panel, click

the current site name
button.
2. Select any other site

name in the drop-down
list.
Building a Basic Page
First, we will build some web pages without page layout to learn about basic features in
Dreamweaver.
In a later section in this course, we will create a page layout template and copy these
temporary pages into our final pages.
a) Creating a HTML page
You may already have a new, blank document open in Dreamweaver. If you do not, do
the following to create a new, blank HTML document.
1. In Dreamweaver, go to File → New...

2. In the New Document dialog box, make sure you have Blank Page selected in the left
side.
3. Select the Page Type as HTML.
4. Select the Layout as <none>.
5. Click Create
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b) Saving a HTML page
1. Go to File → Save.
2. In the Save As dialog box,
make sure that the location is
the top level of your Local Site
folder.
3. In the File name field, enter
a file name.
4. Click Save.
c) Naming conventions
When saving a file to be used in a website, such as a HTML page or an image file, name
the file using lower case and no spaces. For example, an image file should be named
“portrait_smith.jpg” instead of “Portrait Smith.jpg”.
While naming an HTML file, find out from the web server administrator whether the file
name extension should be “.htm” or” .html”. Different web servers require one or the other
ending. Whichever one you use, keep the ending consistent throughout the entire website.
Keep in mind that all file names and folder names are public. Use appropriate and
descriptive terms.
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3.3. Adding text and images
1. Click in the document window where you want to enter some text.
2. Type the text. Separate paragraphs with an Enter.
Copying text into a page

If you have text already typed into another
document, such as a Microsoft Word document,
you can copy and paste that into your HTML page.
If your Word document is saved into a subfolder

in the Local Site folder, you can easily open it
through Dreamweaver.
1. In the File panel, click the plus symbol to

expand folders until you see the document that you
want to open.
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2. Double click the document name.
• If it is a file type that Dreamweaver can manage, such as a CSS file or TXT file, the
document will open in Dreamweaver.
• If Dreamweaver cannot manage that file type, such as a Microsoft Word file, the
document will open in an appropriate program
3. In the opened document, select and copy the text that you want to put in your HTML
page.
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4. In Dreamweaver, click in the HTML document where you want to place the text and
then paste the text
f) Applying Heading formatting
When you change a text from a regular paragraph to a Heading format, you are applying
a logical structure to the content. This is very important for search engine optimization
and accessibility.
1. Select the title that you want to mark as a Heading.
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• You can select the entire paragraph or click inside the paragraph.
2. In the Properties Inspector, click HTML if necessary.
3. For the Format, select Heading 1, Heading 2, etc.
Then, you will get following view.
g) Page document title

All web pages should have an appropriate and descriptive page document title. This title
appears in the title bar of the browser and will be used as the name of a Favorite or
Bookmark.
1. In the Document toolbar, click inside the Title field and enter an appropriate title.
2. Click anywhere outside the Title field or press Return to commit the changes
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h) Previewing a page
To test whether a web page is well built, you should test it in the most popular browsers.
You can test a page directly from Dreamweaver.
1. Save the page.

2. In the Document toolbar, click the Preview/Debug in Browser button.
3. From the drop-down list, select the browser that you want to use.
- If the browser you want to use is not in the list;
 First make sure that you have it installed on your computer.

 Then, select Edit → Browser List from the drop-down list and click the plus
button to add another browser application.
Image files must be prepared in a graphics program before you can use them in
Dreamweaver. They should be the proper image size and be optimized for the web. There
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are many different file formats for storing images, but only three of these formats are
preferred for use in Web pages. Most browsers support these formats.
 Graphic Interchange Format (GIF)

 Joint Photographic Experts Group UPEG)
 Portable Network Group (PNG)
There are different ways that you can insert an image into your page;
- Go to Insert Menu → Image

- Click the Images button on the toolbar (If you switch Workspace from Designer to
Classic).
- Select the image file in the Files panel and drag it to the desired location in the Document
window.
a) Inserting an image to be “in line with text”
An image that is “in line with text” will appear exactly where you insert it. The text will
not wrap around it. This is a good method if you want the image to be on its own line.1.
Create an empty paragraph immediately below the Heading 1 title.
2. Go to Insert → Image.
3. In the Select Image Source dialog box, navigate to the images folder and select your
image.
4. Click OK.
5. In the Image Tag Accessibility Attributes dialog box, enter an Alternate text.
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- An “Alt Text” is
essential for search
engine optimization and
accessibility for all
significant images that
you use in your web
pages.
6. Click OK.
b) Inserting an image to be “floating” or “text-wrapped”
If you want to have text

wrap around your image,
you must set an
alignment to your image.
This alignment can be set
using HTML or by
creating a CSS class rule
for the image.
To make the text wrap

around the image,
1. Right click on the

image.
2. From the pop-up list, select Align Left
3. Adjust the text to be shown properly.
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c) Rollover Images
A rollover image, when viewed in a browser, changes as the pointer moves across it. For
this, we have two images:
• A primary image that is displayed when the Web page is first loaded
• A secondary image that appears when the pointer moves over the primary image
The primary and secondary images should be of same size. If they are not, Dreamweaver
resizes the second image to match the size of first.
Follow these steps to create a rollover image:
1.
Place the insertion point where you want the rollover image to appear in the Document
window.
2. Select InsertImage Objects Rollover Image
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or
Click Images in
the Insert bar of
the Common
category and
select Rollover
Image
The Insert Rollover Image dialog box appears;
3. Enter the following information and click OK when done.
 Image Name: The name of the rollover image.
 Original image: The image that gets displayed when the Web page loads.
 Rollover image: The image that gets displayed when the pointer rolls over the original
image.
 Preload Rollover: image Specifies whether to preload the images in the browser's
cache, so there is no delay when the user rolls the pointer over the image.
 Alternate Text (Optional): Text to describe the image for viewers using a text-only
browser.
 When Clicked Go to URL: The file that opens when the rollover image is clicked.
4. Press F12 or click Preview/Debug button and select the browser or
Select File → Preview in Browser to view the Web page in a browser.
5. Move the pointer over the original image to see the rollover image.
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3.4. Working with Hyperlinks and adding flash buttons
a. Link to an external web page
Scroll to the section titled  and find the first menu item, labeled ABOUT.
First, add anchor tags (<a></a>) around the words ABOUT. Then, add the href=" "
attribute to the opening <a> tag. Enter the full web URL http://www.nasa.gov inside the
quotes (" ").
When you link to a page outside of your website, you may want to open the page in a
separate window so the user does not navigate away from your site. To do this, add the
target="_blank" attribute.
HTML
<a href= "http://www.nasa.gov" target="_blank">ABOUT</a>
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b.Using Flash Buttons
b.Using Flash Buttons
Flash buttons, like Flash text, are small files that can include text and links as well as
rollover effects. Flash buttons are templates that offer preset styles and visual effects.
To create a Flash button:
From the Document window menu bar, select Insert > Interactive Images > Flash Button.
or
On the Common category of the Objects panel, click on the Insert Flash Button button.
Either way, the Insert Flash Button dialog box appears (Figure 11).
117
Figure 11 Choose the format and create your button

in the Insert Flash Button dialog box.
Browse through the list of available looks for your button. You can choose from various
kinds of arrows and the like (Figure 12), or you can choose a button that has room for text
(Figure 13).
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Figure 12 Some of the buttons are text-free arrows
and Play buttons. These buttons are the ³Control²
Figure 11 Choose the format and create your button
in the Insert Flash Button dialog box.
Browse through the list of available looks for your button. You can choose from various
kinds of arrows and the like (Figure 12), or you can choose a button that has room for text
(Figure 13).
Figure 12 Some of the buttons are text-free arrows

and Play buttons. These buttons are the ³Control²
series.
Figure 13 You can choose from a variety of looks

for text buttons. Of course, you'll probably want
your buttons to say different things, and you'll
probably want a set of them to look the same.
To select the folder the Flash file will be stored in, click on Browse. The Select File dialog
box will appear. Browse until you find the right folder. (Be sure to name your Flash file
something memorable.) If you don't choose a folder before saving your Flash Button file,
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it will be stored in the same folder as the current page.
If you chose a button that has text, type the text in the Button Text text box. You may have
to find out by trial and error whether your text is too long to fit on the button (
on a button, even if you enlarge it.
Choose a Font Face from the Font drop-down menu. The Font Size is often non-
negotiable; if you enlarge the font, the words on the button may get cut off (Figure 15).
Figure 15 The top
114 button is fine at

size 12, but the
bottom one's text
If you chose a button that has text, type the text in the Button Text text box. You may have
to find out by trial and error whether your text is too long to fit on the button (
on a button, even if you enlarge it.
Choose a Font Face from the Font drop-down menu. The Font Size is often non-
negotiable; if you enlarge the font, the words on the button may get cut off (Figure 15).
Figure 15 The top

button is fine at
size 12, but the
bottom one's text
is too big with a
point size of 16.
Set the background color for your button; you can click the eyedropper on the background
color of the page to choose that color (Figure 16).
Figure 16 In the first visible button here, I didn't

choose a background color, so it defaulted to
white, which looks bad. On the second one, I
chose the background color of the page. Click
on the Background Color button, and click the
eyedropper on the page background to choose
that color.
 Type the link for the button in the Link

text box, or click on Browse and choose a file from your local site.
119
 If your site uses frames or additional windows, and you need to set a target for the
link, select it from the Target text box.
 To preview the way your button looks, click on Apply. You can make changes
before you continue.
 Click OK to close the dialog box and save your changes.
Tips
To edit your Flash text or Flash button, double-click on it, and the Insert Flash Text (or
Button) dialog box will reappear.
115
To preview the rollover effects in the Document window, select the Flash object. In the
Property inspector, click on Play (Figure 17). Now, when you mouse over the button,
you'll see the rollover in play. When you're done, click on Stop.
 To preview the way your button looks, click on Apply. You can make changes
before you continue.
 Click OK to close the dialog box and save your changes.
Tips
To edit your Flash text or Flash button, double-click on it, and the Insert Flash Text (or
Button) dialog box will reappear.
To preview the rollover effects in the Document window, select the Flash object. In the
Property inspector, click on Play (Figure 17). Now, when you mouse over the button,
you'll see the rollover in play. When you're done, click on Stop.
Figure 17 Select the button you want to

test, and click on Play in the Property
inspector. This works with Flash text,
You can resize the Flash object as you would an image by selecting it and dragging its
too.
handles (Figure 18). The resizing will be done to scale; the text will grow to fit the new
You can resize
dimensions, the doesn't
but that Flash object
mean as
thatyou would text
too-large an image
will fitby
onselecting
a button. itSee
andthedragging its
tips under
handles
Flash (Figure
Text 18).onThe
for more resizing will be done to scale; the text will grow to fit the new
scaling.
dimensions, but that doesn't mean that too-large text will fit on a button. See the tips under
Flash Text for more on scaling.
120
Figure 18 You can resize a button by dragging its

handles or by typing new dimensions in the H and
Figure
WFigure text 18
18 You can You can
resize a button
boxes on resize
bythe
dragging a button by
its handles orinspector.
Property dragging
by typing newTo itsin
dimensions
reset
handles
the H and
the Wortext boxes
size, by ontyping
click new
theonProperty dimensions
inspector.
Reset To reset the
Size in click
onsize, the on Reset
the HProperty
and
ize on
Wthe Property
text inspector.
boxes on the Property inspector. To reset
inspector.
the size, click on Reset Size on the Property
inspector.
You can get additional button templates from Macromedia Exchange by clicking on Get
More Styles in the Insert Flash Button dialog box. Your browser will open and take you
toYou
the can get additional
Exchange, button
where you cantemplates
downloadfrom
new Macromedia Exchange
button templates createdbybyclicking on Get
other users.
More Styles in the Insert Flash Button dialog box. Your browser will open and take you
to the Exchange, where you can download new button templates created by other users.
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3.5. Inserting Date and Table, Changing background, text
font and colour
If you want to display data in a well-structured format, create a table for data. For example,
we can create a data table to display the attributes of major planets.
a) Creating a new web page for

tables
For our exercise, we will create a

new web page for the attributes of
planets.
1. Create a new, blank HTML page.
2. Save it at the top level of the Local
Site folder as
“planets_attributes.html”.
3. Provide an appropriate page
document title.
4. Type the title as Attributes of
Major Planets.
5. Attach the external style sheet.

6. Apply any Heading 1 format as necessary.
7. Save the file.
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117
b) Inserting a Table
1. Create a new paragraph by pressing enter key.

2. Go to Insert → Table.
3. In the Table dialog box, enter the following options:
- Rows: 9
- Columns: 5
- Table width: 600 pixels
- Border thickness: 1 pixel
- Cell padding: 5
- Cell spacing: 0
- Header: None
4. Click OK.
5. In cells on the left column, insert images for each of the planets.
6. In cells on the right columns, copy and paste the name and information for each
planet from the planet_attributes.docx document.
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118
c) Managing table and cell properties
If you want to change the width, border, cell padding, cell spacing, or other properties of
the table or table cells, you must select the HTML tag that controls that section.
 To make changes for the entire table, click inside the table and then select the <table>
tag from the Tag Selector. Then, change the property in the Property Inspector
 To make changes for one cell, click inside the cell and then select the <tr> or <td> tag
from the Tag Selector. Then, change the property in the Property Inspector.
 To make changes for several cells, drag to select several cells in the table. The cells
should become outlined. Then, change the property in the Property Inspector.
d. Change Background and Text Colors in Dreamweaver
In Dreamweaver, you can change the background and the text colors available from the
Appearance categories. Note that the CSS options are recommended over HTML options.
When you use the Appearance (CSS) options, Dreamweaver creates corresponding styles
for the body tag automatically. When you use any CSS options in the Page Properties
dialog box, Dreamweaver creates corresponding styles automatically and lists them in the
CSS Styles panel.
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119
Although you can apply global settings, such as text size and color, in the Page Properties
dialog box, you can override those settings with other formatting options in specific
instances. For example, you could set all your text to Helvetica in Page Properties and
then change the font for headlines to Arial using CSS.
To change the font settings, background color, text color, and page margins for an entire
page, follow these steps:
1. Choose Modify→Page Properties.
The Appearance (CSS) category of the Page Properties dialog box appears.
2. In the Page Font drop-down list, specify the fonts you want for the text on your
page.
In this example, the font face is set to the collection that begins with the Cambria
font. If you don’t specify a font, your text appears in the font specified in your
user’s browser, which is usually Times.
3. If you want all the text on your page to appear bold or italic, choose the
corresponding font options in the drop-down lists to the right of the Page Font
options.
If you select one of these options, all your text appears bold or italic in the page.
Most designers leave these two fields blank because they want to limit the use of
bold or italics to drawing special attention to a word or words.
4. In the Size drop-down list, specify the font size you want for the text on your
page.
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120
Again, you can override these settings for specific text on the page, such as
headlines.
5. Click the Text Color swatch box to reveal the color palette. Choose any color
you like.
The color you select fills the color swatch box but won’t change the text color on
your page until you click the Apply or OK button.
6. Click the Background Color swatch box to reveal the color palette. Choose any
color you like.
The color you select fills the color swatch box, but the color doesn’t fill the
background until you click the Apply or OK button.
7. If you want to insert a graphic or photograph into the background of your page,
click the Browse button next to the Background Image box and select the image
in the Select Image Source dialog box.
When you insert a background image, it automatically repeats, or tiles, across and
down the page unless you choose an option from the Repeat drop-down list. No-
Repeat prevents the background image from repeating at all. Repeat-X and Repeat-
Y repeat the image vertically (x axis) or horizontally (y axis), respectively, across
the page.
8. Use the margin options at the bottom of the dialog box to change the left, right,
top, or bottom margins of your page.
Most web browsers add a little space to the top and left sides of the browser
window around any web page. Entering 0 in all four of these fields removes any
default margin space, enabling you to create designs that begin flush with the edge
of a browser.
9. Click the Apply button to see how the colors look on your page.
10. Click OK to finish and close the Page
126Properties dialog box.
121
3.6. Rollover images, Image placeholder and image Maps

9. Click the Apply button to see how the colors look on your page.
10. Click OK to finish and close the Page Properties dialog box.
3.6. Rollover images, Image placeholder and image Maps
Create Rollover images
In Adobe Dreamweaver CS6, you can insert image objects, including image placeholders,
rollover images (images that change when a viewer rolls the mouse over the image),
navigation bars, and Fireworks HTML. You access these image objects by choosing
Insert→Image Objects.
To create a rollover image, follow these steps:
Create the images to be used as the rollover.
You can generate these images in Fireworks, Illustrator, Photoshop, or any other
application capable of saving images optimized for the web. For best results, create images
that are the exact same width and height.
Place the cursor on the page wherever you want the rollover to appear and choose
Insert→Image Objects→Rollover Image or click the Rollover Image button in the
Insert panel.
The Insert Rollover Image dialog box appears.
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122
Type an image name without spaces in the Image Name text field.
This name is used in the script creating the rollover.
Click the Browse buttons to the right of the Original Image and Rollover Image text
fields to locate the image that you want to appear as a default on the page.
The image appears only when someone hovers the mouse pointer over the image.
Leave the Preload Rollover Image check box selected.
This option downloads the rollover image when the page is downloaded to avoid delays
in rollovers.
Type appropriately descriptive alt text.
Of course, you would type it in the Alt text field.
In the When Clicked, Go to URL text field, tell Dreamweaver where viewers are
directed when they click your rollover image.
You can either click the Browse button to locate another page in your site or enter a URL.
If you are linking to a different website, you need to include the http:// prefix at the
beginning of the URL. If you leave this blank, Dreamweaver will add a dead link (#)
automatically.
Click OK.
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123
The rollover image is created on the page.
To preview the new rollover image, choose File→Preview in Browser or click the
Live View button on the Document toolbar.
b. Insert an image placeholder
An image placeholder is a graphic that you use until final artwork is ready to be added to
a web page. An image placeholder is useful when you lay out web pages because it allows
you to position an image on a page before you actually create the image.
1. In the Document window, click once inside the first row of the first table.
2. Select Insert > Image Objects > Image Placeholder.
3. In the Image Placeholder dialog box, do the following:
o Type banner_graphic in the Name text box.
o Enter 700 in the Width text box.
o Enter 90 in the Height text box.
o Click the color box and select a color from the color picker. For this
tutorial, select a reddish brown (#993300).
o Leave the Alternate Text text box blank.
4. Click OK.
ABOUT... A note on alternative text Alternative text is a textual description of an
image on a web page. It is part of the HTML code and does not appear on
the page. It’s important to provide alternative text for most of your images
so that people who use screen readers or text-only browsers can receive the
information provided by the image. In the case of a banner graphic, which
merely displays a logo for a website, it is not essential to provide alternative
text. When you leave the Alternate Text text box blank in the Image
Placeholder dialog box, Dreamweaver adds an alt="" attribute to the img
tag. Later, if you want to add alternative text to an image, you can select
the image and enter the alternative text in the Property inspector. For
example, if you later change the
129logo to include a phone number or address,
124 you would want to provide that information as alternative text.
The image placeholder appears inside the first table. The image placeholder
displays a label and the size attributes of the image that you’ll eventually place
example,
the imageif and
you later
enterchange the logo totext
the alternative include a phone
in the number
Property or address,
inspector. For
you wouldif want
example, to provide
you later changethat
the information as alternative
logo to include text. or address,
a phone number
The image placeholder
you would want to appears inside
provide that the first as
information table. The image
alternative text. placeholder
displays
The a label
image and the size
placeholder attributes
appears insideofthe
thefirst
image that The
table. you’ll eventually
image place
placeholder
there. a label and the size attributes of the image that you’ll eventually place
displays
there.
NOTE When viewed in a browser the label and size text for an image placeholder do
NOTE not
Whenappear.
viewed in a browser the label and size text for an image placeholder do
not appear.
5. Save your page.
5. Save your page.
c. Image Maps (Hotspots)
c. Image Maps (Hotspots)
An image map is an image divided into clickable regions called hotspots. Hotspots are
hyperlinks.
An image mapWhen a user
is an clicks
image a hotspot,
divided the destination
into clickable regionsof called
the hyperlink is Hotspots
hotspots. displayed.are
A
hotspot can When
hyperlinks. be in the shape
a user of a arectangle,
clicks a circle,
hotspot, the or a polygon.
destination of the hyperlink is displayed. A
hotspot can be in the shape of a rectangle, a circle, or a polygon.
Example: Consider the picture showing map of Albania. When you click on a city, the
corresponding information should appear.
130
1. Create a folder with name Albania
130
2. Select SiteNew site and type the site name as Cities in Albania. Set the local root
folder to the Albania folder and click OK.
3. Right-click on the Cities in Albania in the Files panel. Select New File from the
shortcut menu. Name it index.html.
Or
From FileNew you can select page type HTML and layout as none. Then, name it
index.html.
4. Insert the image (Albania_map.png) and select it in the Document window.
If you are using multiple image maps in the same document, type a unique Map Name
in the Property Inspector.
3. To define the image map area, do one of the following:

125
 Select the Circle or Rectangle tool and drag the pointer over the
image to create a circular or rectangular hotspot.
If you are using multiple image maps in the same document, type a unique Map Name
in the Property Inspector.
3. To define the image map area, do one of the following:
 Select the Circle or Rectangle tool and drag the pointer over the
image to create a circular or rectangular hotspot.
Or
 Select the Polygon tool and click the corners for an irregularly
shaped hotspot.
4. The Hotspot Property Inspector appears. The Link text box

specifies the file to open when the user clicks the link.
5. Click the folder icon to browse to and select the file.
Or
Drag the Point to file icon to the required file in the Files panel.
6. Select one of the following for Target:

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_blank: Loads the linked file into a new, unnamed browser window
_parent: Loads the linked file into the parent frameset or window
_self: Loads the linked file into the same frame or window
_top: Loads the linked file into a full browser window, therefore removing all
frames.
7. In the Alt text box, type the alternative text that will display in text-only browsers.
8. Repeat steps 3 to 7 to define additional hotspots in the image map (rectangle, circle,
and polygon).
9. After you finish, click a blank area in the document to change the Property Inspector.
10. View the page in a browser by pressing F12, or clicking Preview/Debug in Browser,
or selecting File → Preview
11. Move the pointer over the keyboard image.
Hotspots are hyperlinks, so the pointer changes when it moves over them. Click a hotspot
to display the linked Web page.
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WEBSITE PRACTICE
Computer Components:
The computer science teacher has asked the students to make a tutorial in Dreamweaver.
Andi has decided to make a Web site about computer components he learnt about in IT
lesson. The Web site consists of five pages: index.html, input.html, output.html,
systemunit.html and storage.html.
Solution:
1. Create a folder called TutorialSite, Open Dreamweaver.
2. Click Site → New Site. The Site Definition dialog box appears.
3. Type the site name as ComputerComponents, Set the local root folder to the
TutorialSite folder and click OK. Store all image files in this folder.
4. Right-click on the ComputerComponents folder in the Files panel. Select New File
from the shortcut menu. Name it index.html. Add four more pages and call them
input.html, output.html, systemunit.html and storage.html.
5. Double-click index.html to open the page.
6. Type the following text on computer peripherals.
Computer Components
Input devices help you enter data (text, sound, video, picture, etc.) or instructions into
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127
the computer. Some of the input devices are keyboard, mouse, touchscreen, light pen,
microphone, scanner, joystick, webcam, and digital camera.
Output devices get digital signals from the computer and convert them into a format
that users can understand. A monitor can display information, a speaker creates sound
waves, and a printer can output a hard copy of documents. Output devices include a
monitor, printer, plotter, and speaker.
The system unit is an enclosure that contains most of the components of a computer
(usually excluding the display, keyboard, and mouse). It includes the case, mainboard,
microprocessor (CPU), main memory, expansion cards, hard disk, and power supply.
Storage devices are used to store data permanently. A hard disk, USB flash drive, CD
and DVD are examples of storage devices.
a. Select the heading text Computer Components and click the bold button.
b. Select the text “Input Devices”, In the Link text box, drag the Point to File icon (
) to input.html in the Files panel.
The name will appear in the Link text box. The text will now be blue in color and
underlined. This shows that text is hyperlinked. Similarly, select the text 'Output
Devices' and link it to output.html in the Files panel and repeat this for the other pages.
Filling the pages with information:
Input.html:
a. Double-click input.html in the Files panel to open it in the Document window.
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128
b. Type the details of input devices and insert figures in the document. After you enter
information about all input devices, it will be a long page.
c. As the page covers more than a screen, the bottom of the page should have a link to
the top of the page. These are the steps to add the link:
- Bring the cursor to the heading text “Input Devices” and select Insert Named
Anchor
- The Named Anchor dialog box appears. Type the name “Top” and click OK.
The anchor will appear at the insertion point.
- At the bottom of the page, write and select the text “Top” and type “#Top” in the Link
text box of the Property Inspector. The text will now be blue in color and underlined.
d. Bring the cursor at the end of the page. Create a link to the page index.html by;
- typing HOME and converting it to a hyperlink or,
- using an appropriate image from the internet.
e. Set the target as _blank.
Output.html
a. Double-click the file output.html in the Files panel to open it.
b. Type the content and add some images about output devices that we are using.
c. Insert a named anchor called “Top1” at the top of the page, on the left of the “Output
Devices” heading.
d. Type and select the text “Top” at the bottom and type “#Top1” in the Link text box.
Following the same steps as earlier, add text, insert images and create links in other
pages.
NOTE: Save your Web page whenever you insert any object or text.
After you complete all the pages, preview the index.html page by clicking Preview
/Debug in browser or press F12.
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129
3.8. Framesets and Frames
How Frames Work
When you look at a framed site, you are actually seeing multiple pages A. You’ve seen
the site in A before, but not in frames. At first glance you might not notice that the site is
framed. But once you start scrolling you’ll realize the difference.
Notice the scrollbar in A. See how it starts about halfway down the side of the page?
That’s because there are actually three framed pages shown, and only the frame on the
lower right has a scrollbar.
The arrangement of the individual frames is determined by the frameset document. The
frameset document contains one or more frameset tags, which set up the number of frames,
how they will be arranged, and which individual Web pages will be displayed when the
page is opened for the first time.
The HomeCook.info site in a framed layout looks much like the other layout.
136
No matter
No matter how
how many
many frames
frames aa browser
browser window
window displays,
displays, there
there is
is usually
usually only
only one
one
frameset document
frameset document for
for aa site.
site. A
A Web
Web page
page with
with three
three frames
frames actually
actually needs
needs four
four separate
separate
documents to
documents to display
display correctly:
correctly: the
the frameset
frameset document
document and
and the
the three
three individual
individual documents
documents
that fill
that fill the
the three
three frames.
frames.
130
A frameset
A frameset divides
divides aa window
window into
into either
either columns
columns or
or rows,
rows, but
but not
not both
both at
at once.
once.
frameset document for a site. A Web page with three frames actually needs four separate
documents to display correctly: the frameset document and the three individual documents
that fill the three frames.
A frameset divides a window into either columns or rows, but not both at once.
Luckily, framesets can be nested, or put one inside another. A frameset of columns can be
nested in a row of another frameset.
Or, a frameset of rows can be nested in a column of another frameset. In A, the frameset
has two rows. The top row holds the site identification. The bottom row splits into two
columns with a nested frameset. One column holds the navigation, and the other holds the
content. The content frame is the one with the scrollbar.
The frameset document is invisible to the user. It sets up the arrangement of the visible
pages shown in the frames. The user sees the results of the frameset document, but not the
actual frameset document.
Creating a Frameset
Dreamweaver allows you to create

framesets to match the needs of your site. To
make a frameset, you build a custom
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frameset from scratch by manually drawing
frames into a page or choosing some basic
frameset layouts from a menu.
Dreamweaver gives you the tools to create

and resize frames.
To create a frameset:
1. Choose File > New.
The New Document dialog appears.
2. Choose HTML in the Page Type column,

and <none> in the Layout column.
3. From the DocType popup menu, choose HTML 4.01 Transitional (frames are
deprecated in HTML5, so that’s not a good doctype to use).
4. Click Create.
A blank page appears.

131
5. Choose Insert > HTML > Frames, then choose one of the frameset options A.
Dreamweaver opens the new, framed window, and the Frame Tag Accessibility Attributes
deprecated in HTML5, so that’s not a good doctype to use).
4. Click Create.
A blank page appears.
5. Choose Insert > HTML > Frames, then choose one of the frameset options A.
Dreamweaver opens the new, framed window, and the Frame Tag Accessibility Attributes
dialog appears if you have your Preferences set for frames accessibility B. (You do have
Preferences set for frames accessibility, right?)
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How frames and framesets work
A frame is a region in a browser window that can display an HTML document independent
of what’s being displayed in the rest of the browser window. Frames provide a way to
divide a browser window into multiple regions, each of which can display a different
How frames and framesets work
HTML document. In the most common use of frames, one frame displays a document
A frame is containing
a region in anavigation
browser window that
controls, can display
while another an HTML
frame document
displays independent
a document with content
of what’s being displayed in the rest of the browser window. Frames provide a way to
A frameset
divide a browser is aninto
window HTML file that
multiple defines
regions, eachtheoflayout
which and
can properties of a set of frames,
display a different
includingInthe
HTML document. thenumber of frames,use
most common theofsize and placement
frames, one frameofdisplays
the frames, and the URL of the
a document
containingpage that initially
navigation appears
controls, whileinanother
each frame.
frame displays a document with content
A framesetThe frameset
is an HTMLfile fileitself
thatdoesn’t
definescontain HTML
the layout andcontent thatof
properties displays in frames,
a set of a browser, except
in the
including the noframes
number section;
of frames, thethe frameset
size file simply
and placement of provides information
the frames, to the
and the URL of browser
the about
how a set
page that initially of frames
appears should
in each look and what documents should appear in them.
frame.
The frameset file itself doesn’t contain HTML content that displays in a browser, except
132 139information to the browser about
in the noframes section; the frameset file simply provides
how a set of frames should look and what documents should appear in them.
To view a set of frames in a browser, enter the URL of the frameset file; the browser then
opens the relevant documents to display in the frames. The frameset file for a site is often
named index.html, so that it displays by default if a visitor doesn’t specify a filename.
The following example shows a frame layout consisting of three frames: one narrow frame
on the side that contains a navigation bar, one frame that runs along the top, containing
the logo and title of the website, and one large frame that takes up the rest of the page and
contains the main content. Each of these frames displays a separate HTML document.
In this example, the document displayed in the top frame never changes as the visitor
navigates the site. The side frame navigation bar contains links; clicking one of these links
changes the content of the main content frame, but the contents of the side frame itself
remain static. The main content frame on the right displays the appropriate document for
the link the visitor clicks on the left.
A frame is not a file; it’s easy to think of the document that currently appears in a frame
as an integral part of the frame, but the document isn’t actually part of the frame. The
140
frame is a container that holds the document.
133
A “page” refers either to a single HTML document or to the entire contents of a browser
window at a given moment, even if several HTML documents appear at once. The phrase
A frame is not a file; it’s easy to think of the document that currently appears in a frame
as an integral part of the frame, but the document isn’t actually part of the frame. The
frame is a container that holds the document.
A “page” refers either to a single HTML document or to the entire contents of a browser
window at a given moment, even if several HTML documents appear at once. The phrase
“a page that uses frames,” for example, usually refers to a set of frames and the documents
that initially appear in those frames.
A site that appears in a browser as a single page comprising three frames actually consists
of at least four HTML documents: the frameset file, plus the three documents containing
the content that initially appears in the frames. When you design a page using framesets
in Dreamweaver, you must save each of these four files in order for the page to work
properly in the browser.
3.9.
3.9. Creating
Creating link
link to
to Web
Web address,
address, creating
creating link
link to
to aa file
file
A
A hyperlink
hyperlink is
is aa word,
word, phrase,
phrase, or
or image
image that
that you
you can
can click
click on
on toto move
move toto aa new
new document
document
or
or aa new
new section
section within
within the
the current
current document.
document. You
You can
can create
create aa link
link to
to an
an external
external website,
website,
or
or you
you can
can create
create aa link
link to
to an
an internal
internal web
web page.
page. When
When youyou move
move the
the cursor
cursor over
over aa
hyperlink,
hyperlink, whether
whether text
text or
or image,
image, the
the arrow
arrow changes
changes to
to aa small
small hand
hand pointing
pointing at
at the
the link.
link.
When
When you
you click
click it,
it, you
you go
go to
to aa new
new page
page or
or to
to aa new
new place
place in
in the
the current
current page.
page.
a)
a) Creating
Creating an
an External
External Link
Link
1.
1. Open
Open aa browser
browser and
and browse
browse to
to the
the website
website to
to which
which you
you want
want to
to link.
link.
2.
2. In
In the
the browser’s
browser’s address
address bar,
bar, select
select the
the URL
141 and
URL and copy
copy it.
it.
-- You
You need to right-click
need to right-click and select copy,
and select copy, or
or use the Ctrl-C
use the Ctrl-C keyboard
keyboard shortcut.
shortcut.
-- In
In most
most browsers,
browsers, you
you cannot
cannot use the Edit
use the Edit →→ Copy
Copy command.
command.
3.
3. In
In Dreamweaver,
Dreamweaver, select
select the
the text
text that
that you
you
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want
want to
to use
use as
as your
your link.
link.
4.
4. In
In the
the Property
Property Inspector,
Inspector, paste
paste the
the URL
URL into the Link
into the Link field.
field.
- You need to right-click and select copy, or use the Ctrl-C keyboard shortcut.
- In most browsers, you cannot use the Edit → Copy command.
3. In Dreamweaver, select the text that you

want to use as your link.
_blank: Loads the linked file in a new unnamed
4. In the Property Inspector, paste the URL into the Link field.
browser window.
5. From the Target menu of the Hyperlink dialog box, select the window in which the
_parent: Loads the linked file in the parent frameset or window of the frame that
target file should open. Choose from the following:
contains the link.
_self: Loads the linked file in the same frame or window as the link.
_blank: Loads the linked file in a new unnamed
_top: Loads the linked file in the full browser window, thus removing a" frames.
browser window.
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_parent: Loads the linked file in the parent frameset or window of the frame that
If you want the external website to open in a separate window, select _blank from the
contains the link.
Target field.
_self: Loads the linked file in the same frame or window as the link.
_top: Loads the linked file in the full browser window, thus removing a" frames.
If you want the external website to open in a separate window, select _blank from the
Target field.
b) Creating an Internal Link
1. In Dreamweaver, select the text that you want to use as your link.
2. In the Property Inspector, click the Browse for File button next to the Link field.
b) Creating an Internal Link
1. In Dreamweaver, select the text that you want to use as your link.
2. In the Property Inspector, click the Browse for File button next to the Link field.
143 135
3. In the Select File dialog box, navigate to the file that you want to link to and select the
3. In the Select File dialog box, navigate to the file that you want to link to and select the
file. The file must be inside the Local Site folder.
file. The file must be inside the Local Site folder.
4. Click OK.
4. Click OK.
c) Named Anchor
c) Named Anchor
Links (Bookmarks)
Links (Bookmarks)
You can link to a

You can link to a
particular point of a
particular point of a
Web page by first
Web page by first
creating a named
creating a named
anchor. A Named
anchor. A Named
Anchor lets you to set a
Anchor lets you to set a
marker in the
marker in the
document, typically at
document, typically at
the beginning of a topic
the beginning of a topic
or on top of a long page. Then you can create a link to the named anchor. So creating a
or on top of a long page. Then you can create a link to the named anchor. So creating a
named anchor link is a two-step process.
named anchor link is a two-step process.
1. Create a Named Anchor
1. Create a Named Anchor
2. Create a link to the Named Anchor.
2. Create a link to the Named Anchor.
Follow these steps:

Follow these steps:
1. Open the index_temp.html page.

1. Open the index_temp.html page.
2. In Design view, place the cursor where you want the named anchor. In this case, the
2. In Design view, place the cursor where you want the named anchor. In this case, the
cursor has been placed beside the title “SOLAR SYSTEM “
cursor has been placed beside the title “SOLAR SYSTEM “
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136
3. Select Insert → Named
3. Select Insert → Named
Anchor.
Anchor.
4. The Named Anchor dialog
4. The Named Anchor dialog
box appears. Type a name for
box appears. Type a name for
the anchor, for example, Top,
the anchor, for example, Top,
and click OK. The name cannot contain any space.
and click OK. The name cannot contain any space.
The anchor icon appears where the cursor is in the Document window.
The anchor icon appears where the cursor is in the Document window.
5. Select the text that will become the hyperlink.
5. Select the text that will become the hyperlink.
6. Type the name of the named anchor along with a # sign in the link text box of the
Type the name of the named anchor along with a # sign in the link text box of the
6.Property
Property Inspector. Inspector.
Property Inspector.
Here we type #Top

Here we type #Top
7. Select File → Save to save the file.

7. Select File → Save to save the file.
8. Select F12 or click Preview/Debug in Browser to view the page in a browser.
8. Select F12 or click Preview/Debug in Browser to view the page in a browser.
9. Click the named anchor text, it will move to the place where the anchor icon is set.
9. Click the named anchor text, it will move to the place where the anchor icon is set.
10. Close the browser.
10. Close the browser.
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137
3.10. Exercises
3.10. Exercises
The following exercises will take you through the process of the following: Defining a
Site. Creating a new page, creating layers, adding images, defining text colours
The following exercises will take you through the process of the following: Defining a
Site. Creating a new page, creating layers, adding images, defining text colours
Exercise 1 – Define a local Site
Exercise
 Open1 – Define a local Site
Dreamweaver
 Select Site>New Site

Open Dreamweaver
 Select Local
Select InfoSite
Site>New in the Site Definition for unnamed Site 1
 In the Site
Select LocalName
Info text box,
in the type
Site my_name_site
Definition for unnamed Site 1
 Click Sitefolder
In the the Nameicon
textto the type
box, of the Local Root Folder text box and locate the
rightmy_name_site
Sites/my_name_folder
 Click the folder icon to the right of the Local Root Folder text box and locate the
 Click Open
Sites/my_name_folder
 Click Select
Click Open
 Leave all the current settings as default

Click Select
 LeaveOK
Click at the
all the bottom
current of Site
settings as Definition
default dialogue
 Click Create
Click when
OK at the asked
bottom ofifSite
youDefinition
would likedialogue
to create a cache file for the site
 Click
The Site Create
window nowwhen asked if you would like to create a cache file for the site
displays a window
with your new site
Keep the new site

window open – click
on the new document
146
window to make it
now active 146
138 The next exercise you will now create a home page for your new site
now active
The next exercise you will now create a home page for your new site
Exercise 2 - Create a Home Page
 Select File>Save
 In the Save As dialog, select the my_name_site folder to save the file
 In the File text box, type my_name_home.html
 Click Save
Exercise 3 – Define the Title of the page
Defining a page title for an HTML document helps users to identify and keep track of a
page they are browsing. The page title appears in the browser title bar when a page is
viewed in a browser. When a page is book-marked the page title appears in the bookmark
list
Select Modify>Page Properties to see the page property options
In the Title text box field type My First Site

147
Click Ok
The title will now appear in Dreamweaver

document window
Exercise 4 - Create A Page Layout

139
Layers are ideal for creating complex page layouts, since you can easily reposition page
elements that have been placed in layers by dragging them
Exercise 4 - Create A Page Layout
Layers are ideal for creating complex page layouts, since you can easily reposition page
elements that have been placed in layers by dragging them
In the next exercise you will create a layout on your home page by using layers, which
when completed you will convert to a table layout to ensure that the page will display
accurately in both 3.0 and 4.0 web browsers
Please note: you cannot convert layers to tables if the document being converted contains
nested or overlapping layers.
Exercise 5 – Add Layers
 Select Window>Layers – this will open the Layers palette
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140
nested or overlapping layers.
Exercise 5 – Add Layers
 Select Window>Layers – this will open the Layers palette
 Make sure the Prevent Overlaps tick box is selected
 Select Insert>Layer – a layer is added

148 to the document
 Make sure the Prevent Overlaps tick box is selected
 Click the Draw layer button in the Object Palette panel
 Select Insert>Layer – a layer is added to the document
 Click the Draw layer button in the Object Palette panel
 Move the pointer to the document window, the pointer changes into a drawing tool
 In the space below the first layer, drag the pointer to draw a new layer
 Move the pointer to the document window, the pointer changes into a drawing tool
 Repeat steps 4 – 6 to draw additional layers
 In the space below the first layer, drag the pointer to draw a new layer
 To Repeat
complete this exercise create layers on your home page so that it looks like the
steps 4 – 6 to draw additional layers
screenshot below
 To complete this exercise create layers on your home page so that it looks like the
screenshot below
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149
149
Exercise 6 - Add an Image
When you insert an image into a Dreamweaver document, Dreamweaver automatically

generates a reference to the file in the HTML. To ensure that this reference is correct, the
image file must be inside the current site. If it is not, Dreamweaver asks whether you want
to copy the file to a folder within the current site
 Click inside one of the layers
 Select Insert>Image
 In the Select Image Source dialogue box locate the images folder for the site you
are working on
 Click on the image and the Select option
 Your image should now appear within the chosen layer
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Exercise 7 – Naming your image
It is good practice that you make a habit of naming your elements in your document. Later,
when you need to reference or select a particular image, layer, or some other document
element, you'll be able to easily identify it.
 Select the image you have just inserted
 In the Property Inspector click in the Image text box
 Type the name of the image – (lowercase)
 Do the same for any other images you have inserted
 As you can see when the image is selected you can gain extra information about
your image
Exercise 8 - Adding text to a Layer
You can type your content directly into a layer, or you can cut and paste content from
another document into a layer, to copy and paste from another document do the following:
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Exercise 8 - Adding text to a Layer
You can type your content directly into a layer, or you can cut and paste content from
 Select
another File>Open
document – locate
into a layer, the file
to copy and with
pastethe textanother
from you wish to copydo the following:
document
 Choose Edit>Select All – this will select all the content of the document
 Select File>Open – locate the file with the text you wish to copy
 Select Edit>Copy – this will now copy the content

 Choose Edit>Select All – this will select all the content of the document
 Close the file you have just copied

 Select Edit>Copy – this will now copy the content
 151 the cursor an empty layer

In the document with your layers place
 Close the file you have just copied
 Select Edit>Paste
 In the document with your layers place the cursor an empty layer
You should now see the text you have copied from another document and pasted into your
 Select Edit>Paste
current one
You should now see the text you have copied from another document and pasted into your
current one
Exercise 9 – To Format Text
Select the9text,
Exercise – Toparagraph, heading that you want to format, (if you want to select all the
Format Text
text in the layer press Ctrl+A)
Select the text, paragraph, heading that you want to format, (if you want to select all the
In the
text inProperty
the layerInspector format menu you should see Default Font
press Ctrl+A)
In the Property Inspector format menu you should see Default Font
Select the font type you wish to change to
In the Size
Select pop-up
the font typemenu selecttothe
you wish new size
change to
Thetheselected
In text inmenu
Size pop-up you layer
selectautomatically
the new size reflect the changes you have made
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The selected text in you layer automatically reflect the changes you have made
152
Exercise 10 - Add a background colour to a layer
You can also use the Property inspector to set the background colour of a layer. You can
select a colour using the colour picker, or you can type the hexadecimal code for a colour.
Click the border of the layer that contains the text to select the layer
In the Property Inspector click the BgColor color box
The colour palette and eyedropper icon appears. You can use the eyedropper to pick up
any colour in the visible work area, in addition to picking colours in the colour palette
Use the Color picker to choose your colour
153
Your layer now displays the changes
145
Your layer now displays the changes
Exercise 11 – Positioning your layers
When you are satisfied with the position of the layer – do ensure you preview in a web
browser (F12) you will need to convert your layers to a table so that it can be viewed by
users with 3.0 browsers
When you convert layers to a table, Dreamweaver creates table columns, rows, and cells
to fit the layers on a page. To reduce the number of table columns, rows, and cells you
create as you convert the document layout, align layer elements before converting a
document. Use the Property inspector to position layers in a document
First, you'll resize and move the layers as you design your page; then you'll set the position
of the other layers so they align at the top.
Resize the layers by dragging the layer handles inward or outward
To select multiple layers hold down the shift key and select the other layer/s
In the Property Inspector T Field type 100px. This precisely positions the layers 100 pixels
from the top of the document
Click anywhere in the document to deselect the layers and to see the layers align
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Exercise 12 - Change the colour of Text
You can change the colour of selected text so that it overrides the text colour set in the
page properties – if no text colour has been set in page properties, the default text colour
is black
Select the text you want to change
Choose a colour from the palette of browser safe colours by clicking the colour box in the
Property Inspector or choose: Text>Color and the Color Picker dialogue appears Select
a colour and Click OK
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Ecercise 13 - Define the default Text Colour
 Select Modify>Page Properties
 Click on the Text Color, Link Color, Visited Links, and Active Links selection
box
 Click OK
If you want to preview what a particular color scheme would look like then try the
following:
Select Commands>Set Color Scheme and then choose a Background color and a Text and
Links color set. Here the sample box displays how the color scheme will look in a browser
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Exercise 14 Creating Frames
Open a new Dreamweaver window by clicking the File menu, New.
From the View menu, select Frame borders to show the frame borders. A strong
outline appears around the inside of the document window. These are the frame borders.
You will use the frame borders to create the frames.
Hold down the Alt key, place the mouse over the left border and drag the left hand
border toward the right. Make the left frame narrower than the right.
Click inside the right hand frame to select it. From the Modify menu, select Frameset,
then Split Frame Down. A new frame border will divide the right hand frame into top
and bottom. Now there are three frames.
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INTRODUCTION TO PHOTOSHOP
4.1. Introduction to Photoshop
This workbook is intended to give you an introduction to Photoshop Elements and allow
you to prepare an image for use in screen formats (for the web, PowerPoint etc.). It is by
no means a comprehensive guide to all that Photoshop Elements can do but should cover
enough to allow you to make basic changes to an image, transforming objects,
understanding layers, editing text, using filters and save it in an appropriate format.
Work area
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150
The Photoshop Elements window
Menus: These contain the usual options to save, print, copy and paste, change
views and access the help. They also contain a large number of Photoshop-
specific tools.
Standard toolbar: This contains shortcut buttons for file operations (new, load,
save etc.), clipboard functions (cut, copy and paste) and undo.
Options bar: This is a context-sensitive menu, which displays options for the
currently selected tool. For example, when the Brush tool is selected it allows you
to change the brush size, mode and opacity.
Toolbox
This set of tools allows direct manipulation of an image. The tools are grouped by
type and individual buttons may give access to a range of related tools: click and
hold on any button with a little arrow in the bottom right corner and a pop-up
menu will appear showing the related tools and allow you to select one by clicking
on it.
Toolbox
The bottom part of the Toolbox is also used to select colours. You can reset the
colours to the default black and white and also switch the foreground and
background colours around.
Foreground colour
Switch colours
Reset colours
Background colour
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151
Status bar
This displays information about the currently selected image (from left to right):
Magnification | document dimensions (clicking on the black arrow gives alternative
options) | tip and shortcuts for the currently selected tool.
Palettes
There is a range of different palettes, any of which can be dragged to or from the Palette
Well. They have various functions – from selecting colours or fill types to adjusting layers
or accessing the document’s history.
Work area
This is where the image you are editing is displayed.
File Operations
New Image
When you run Photoshop for the first time,
unlike most of the other programs, you will
not see a blank file. You need to use the New
File dialog box to create a new file. New
Dialog Box.
To create a new file:
Select File -> New. The New dialog box
opens.
New dialog box
Name: Write the name of the image file
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Preset: To specify the size of image you may either use preset or width - height options.
Resolution: Resolution refers the number of pixels per inch. Generally, image resolution is
72 dpi, which is well enough for web images. But for printing purposes we need to create
our document at 300 dpi. Increasing dpi of a image increases the size of the file too.
Therefore, we use 72 dpi or web graphics to open the web site fastly on the Internet. Three
Background Contents
Color Mode
Color mode shows how the colors are recorded in the file. For example
RGB : Red, Green, Blue
CMYK : Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black
Grayscale : 256 shades of gray
Background Contents
Every image by default has a background layer. It is different than any other layer that we
work with. White: Background color will be white
Background color: You can set background color on the toolbar
Transparent: Background will be transparent (No color)
Background contents
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153
Questions:
1. Which of these is not a color mode?
a. RGB b. Mask Color c. Grayscale d. CMYK
2. Which of the following can you NOT define in a New Dialog Box?
a. Resolution b. File extension c. Color mode d. Width
3. Which is NOT one of the tools in the Photoshop toolbar?
a. Color Range Selection b. Lasso Tool c. Gradient Tool d. Type Mask Tool
Task:
Create a new page according to the following criteria:
 Width: 500 pixels
 Height: 300 pixels
 Resolution: 72
 Color mode: RGB
 Background contents: White
 Save as yourname.jpg
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4.2. Selection tools
Marquee Move
Lasso Magic Wand
Crop Type
The Marquee, Lasso and Magic Wand tools are all used to create standard selections.
The Crop tool is used to remove all unselected portions from an image. The Move tool
is used to move an existing selection or layer element. The Type tool is used to add text
to an image.
Marquee selection tools
There are two choices of marquee selections available: rectangles and ellipses – these can
be constrained to create square and circular selections.
To create a selection:
1. Select the desired shape from the Toolbox.

2. Click at the point where your selection will start and keep the mouse button held down.
3. To constrain the shape to a square or circle, press and hold down the Shift button.
4. Drag the mouse to increase or decrease the selection area.
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5. When you are happy with the selection, release the mouse button.
You should now see ‘marching ants’ around the area you selected. This area can now be
cut or copied to the Clipboard and any effects or tools used on the image will only be
applied to this area.
A: Rectangular marquee selection B: Elliptical marquee selection
Magic wand tool
A B Magic wand icon
1. Initial Magic Wand Tool selection with low Tolerance.

2. Continuing to add to the original selection by clicking new areas while holding
the Ctrl key down.
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Lasso tool
To create a selection:
1. Select the lasso tool from the Toolbox.
2. Make selection with lasso tool as you can see in the image below.
A: Lasso tool selection Lasso tool icon
The Crop tool
This is used when you wish to select an area of an image and discard everything outside
that area. It’s possible to achieve this by pasting a selection into a new document, but the
Crop tool is quicker:
1. Click and drag to select an area (you can only make a rectangular/square crop).
Everything outside the selected area will appear darker – this region will be lost when
the crop is completed.
2. Use the handles on the selected area to resize it.
3. When you have finished adjusting your selection, double-
click inside it to complete the crop. Everything outside the
selected area will be removed. A: Crop tool
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The Quick Selection tool
Quick Selection Tool is the brush form of the Magic Wand. Magic Wand works with a
touch and fill action. But the new Quick Selection works more like a continuous brush
stroke. Drag the tool through an area and other areas of similar color are selected. The
brush size decides the distance within which Photoshop looks for similar colors.
Quick selection tool
1. Select the Quick Selection tool .

2. In the options bar, click one of the selection options: New, Add To, or Subtract From.
New is the default option if nothing is selected. After making the initial selection, the
option changes automatically to Add To.
3. To change the brush tip size, click the Brush pop-up menu in the options bar, and type
in a pixel size or drag the slider. Use the Size pop-up menu options to make the brush
tip size sensitive to pen pressure or a stylus wheel.
4. Choose Quick Selection options.
Sample All Layers Creates a selection based on all layers instead of just the currently
selected layer.
Auto-Enhance Reduces roughness and blockiness in the selection boundary. Auto-

Enhance automatically flows the selection further toward image edges and applies
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some of the edge refinement you can apply manually in the Refine Edge dialog with
the Contrast and Radius options.
5. Paint inside the part of the image you want to select. The selection grows as you paint.
If updating is slow, continue to drag to allow time to complete work on the selection.
As you paint near the edges of a shape, the selection area extends to follow the
contours of the shape edge.
Task 1: Cropping an image:
A B
A. Part of the original photo selected with crop tool B. Resulting image
1. With the image open in Photoshop, select the Crop tool from the Tools panel.
2. Click and drag to select the part of the image you wish to keep, then release
the mouse.
3. Adjust the cropping handles if necessary.
4. Press Enter on your keyboard to crop the image. Alternatively, you can double-
click the image.
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Task 2: Move tool
3. In the Edit workspace, make a selection with a selection tool and select the Move tool
from the toolbox.
4. Move the pointer inside the selection border, and drag the selection to a new position.
If you’ve selected multiple areas, all pixel selections move as you drag.
Task 3: Move tool
A. Part of the original photo selected B. Photo to copy and paste into original C. Resulting image
5. In the Edit workspace, use the Copy command to copy the part of the photo you
want to paste. (You can even copy from photos in other applications.)
6. Select in the photo into which you want to paste the copied photo.
7. Choose Edit > Paste into Selection.
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With your pointer within the selection border, drag the pasted image to the proper
location. When you’re satisfied with the results, deselect Ctrl + D the pasted image to
commit the changes.
Task 4: Quick Selection tool
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4.4. Working with images
Adobe Photoshop provides us with different painting tools, such as the Brush tool, the
Pencil tool, the Color Replacement tool, the History Brush tool, the Gradient tool, the
Paint Bucket tool, etc.
Painting and Drawing Tools
Task 1: Brush tool
A brush tool works like an ordinary brush and creates a smooth stroke of color. The steps
to use the brush tool are:
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Brush tool
1. Open it in Photoshop.
2. In the Tool menu, select the Brush Tool (Shift key and B).
3. In the Options bar, click the brush size to display brush options.
4. You can select any combination of brush, brush size, color or brush hardness for this
assignment.
5. To change the color, use you color picker which is located near the bottom of the Tool
bar.
6. When you’re finished, name the file with your name and save it on the desktop of your
computer.
Task 2: Gradient tool
A gradient tool is a fill consisting of two or more colors blending together. The gradient
tool is used to fill a selected area or an entire layer with a gradient. The steps are:
1.Open an image.
2.Click the gradient tool in the tool panel.
3.Click the gradient sample bar in the Option bar. The gradient editor dialog box
appears.
4.Choose any of the gradients from the Present box or create a new gradient using the
gradient bar.
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5.Drag and release the mouse in the image. The selected area will be filled with the
gradient.
A: Gradient fill editor box B: Gradient fill
Task 2: Drawing tool
Adobe Photoshop has a collection of drawing tools: Rectangle, Rounded Rectangle,

Ellipse, Polygon, Line, Custom shape, ect. To draw a shape, say a ellipse, do the
following:
Drawing shape
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1. Click the Rectangle tool in the Tool panel.
2. Select the required tool from the list of options.
3. Click on the Set Foreground color box in the Tool panel to get the Picker Palette.
Chose the required color.
4. Click on Create new shape layer in the Options bar.
5. You can also click the arrow next to Style and chose a shape style.
6. Drag the mouse with the button presses to draw the shape.
4.5. Transforming Objects

You can also scale, rotate, skew, distort, and apply a perspective to an image in Photoshop.
You can find flip the image vertically or horizontally too.
A: Transform-Flip Horizontally
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The steps are:
1. Select the image, or the part of the part of the image, you want to transform and
make a copy of it.
2. Select Edit, Transform, and Flip horizontally.
3. Press enter to apply the transformation.
4.6. Exercises
I. Choose the correct answer:
1. Which is the most powerful image editing software and creation software?
a) Word b) Flash c) Photoshop d) Excel
2. The tool that lets you select a colour for setting the foreground and the background
colours is
a) Gradient tool b) Color Picker tool c) Magic Wand d) None of these
3. Which one of the following tools lets you fill selected areas of an image with a blend
of multiple colors?
a. Custom shape tool
b. Gradient tool
c. Color Replacement tool
d. Magic wand tool
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4. Which of the following is not a type of Selection tool?
a) Magic wand tool b) Polygonal Lasso tool c) Elliptical Marquee tool d) Custom
shape tool
5. Which of the following tools can be used for making selections around the edges of an
image?
a) Rectangular Marquee b) Move tool c) Magnetic Lasso tool d) Crop tool
6. The tools that allow you to select a portion or a subset of an image to work on is
a) Selection tools b) Marquee c) Lasso d) None of these
7. This option lets you define a smooth edge for the selection.
a) Tolerance b) Anti-aliased c) Zoom d) Move
8. The tool used to discard the portions of an image that are not required is
a) Crop tool b) Lasso tool c) Marquee tool d) None of these
9. The tool used to drag a selected part of an image to a new location in the image is
a) Lasso tool b) Move tool c) Zoom d) Gradient
10. The tool that lets you draw a variety of preset shapes like flowers and grids is
a) Selection tool b) Lasso tool c) Custom shape tool d) None of these
11. This tool can be used to create soft strokes of colours in your images.
a) Lasso tool b) Brush tool c) Selection d) Crop tool
12. This allows you to set the level of transparency when applying brush strokes.
a) Opacity b) Flow c) Mode d) Brush pre-set
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II. Fill in the blanks:
1. The default Photoshop file format is ……….
2. ……………. determines the sharpness and clarity of an image.
3. You can use the foreground and the background colours using the………….
4. …………. tool lets you select those areas of an image which share a similar colour.
5. …………. provides options for working with Layers.
6. ………………... is the area that displays the image file that you will work on.
7. ……………… determines the number of colours and the file size of an image.
8. …………. determines how closely the colours should be matched.
9. …………lets you change the master diameter of the brush.
III. Answer in TWO or THREE lines:
1. What is the use of Adobe Photoshop CS6?
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. How do you save a file in Photoshop?

……………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
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3. Write a short note on Selection tools.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. Differentiate between Rectangular and Elliptical Marquee tools.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. What is Magic wand tool?
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
6. List down the steps to use the Quick selection tool.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. How do you use Move tool in Photoshop?
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
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8. List out the steps to draw shapes in Photoshop.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
9. What is the purpose of the following in the Photoshop workspace?
a) Options bar:
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
b) Tools Panel:
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
IV. Answer in detail:
1. Explain the components of the Photoshop workspace.
3. List out the steps to use the Gradient tool.
4. Explain the options available in the Brush tool options bar.
5. Explain Crop tool in Photoshop.
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V. Use Rectangular Marquee tool, Polygonal Lasso tool, Copy-Pate Photoshop
option to make the selections and changes shown in the figures.
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4.7. Retouching tools
The retouching tools help to change or edit the pixel arrangements in an image. These
tools can be used on a selection or on an entire image. Some of these are the Spot Healing
tool, Healing tool, Clone Stamp tool, Pattern Stamp tool, Eraser tool, Blur tool, Smudge
tool, Dodge tool, Burn tool and Sponge tool.
Spot Healing Brush tool
The Spot Healing Brush works similarly to the Healing

Brush. Unlike the Healing Brush, the Spot Healing Brush
doesn't require you to specify a sample spot. The Spot
Healing Brush automatically samples from around the
retouched area.
1. Removing the Face Mole of a Woman
2. Open the file and select the Spot Heal Brush Tool.
3. Select a brush big enough to cover the mole.
4. Click on the mole once or twice. The mole will
disappear.
Healing Brush Tool
The Healing Brush works same as the Clone Stamp Tool. But
it also copies the texture, lighting, and shading of the sampled
pixels to the source pixels.
Clone Stamp Tool
The Clone Stamp Tool takes a sample of an image, which you

can then apply over another image or part of the same image.
You can also clone part of one layer over another layer. The
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size of the area copied depends on the brush size. The clone stamp tool is useful for
duplicating an object or removing a fault on an image.
1. Open the file clone.jpg.
2. Select the Clone Stamp Tool.
3. Press Alt key and hold your finger. The mouse icon will change to the target sign.
4. Set the duplicating point by positioning the pointer on the image and click.
5. Drag over the area of the image you want to copy.
6. You can release your finger and continue from another part at any time.
7. If you copy more than you need, you can use the Art Brush Tool to correct your
mistake instead of going back and redoing cloning.
8. Save your image.
Blur, Sharpen, Smudge, Dodge, Burn and Sponge tools
Blur: The blur tool blurs hard edges in an image.

Sharpen: The sharpen tool sharpens soft edges in an image.
Smudge: The smudge tool smudges the data of an image.
Original Blurred Sharpened Smudged

Dodge: The Dodge Tool allows you to lighten an image by dragging
your mouse across it. It sets highlights to lighten your image.
Burn: The Burn Tool works the opposite of the dodge tool. This tool
allows you to darken portions of the canvas by dragging over them. The
Burn Tool is used to give shadows to darken your image.
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Sponge: The Sponge Tool enables you to desaturate/saturate your image.
Making a flame
 Create a new document (400x300 px.).
 Set the background color to black.
 By using the Marquee Tool make a rectangular
shape near the bottom.
 Set foreground color to orange and the background color to red.
 Fill your rectangle by using the Gradient Tool.
 Deselect. (Ctrl + D)
 Select the Smudge Tool.
 Click inside the red area and drag your mouse upward.
 Repeat dragging till the end of your rectangle.
 Use a small brush of the Paint Tool.

 Set foreground color to yellow.
 Paint near the top ends of your flames.
 Select the Smudge Tool and reduce the brush size.

 Blend the tops of the flames.
 Drag downward to blend the color.
 Use short random strokes.
 Select the Burn Tool.
 Set the range of the burn tool to Highlights and Exposure to 9%.
 Set a large brush size and add some shaded areas.
 Save your flame.
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Eraser Tool
1. Select the Eraser Tool.

2. Do the following in the options bar:
 Choose a brush and set brush options. This option is not
available for Block mode.
 Choose a mode for the Eraser-Brush, Pencil, or Block.
 Specify an opacity to define the strength of the erasure. An
opacity of 100% erases pixels completely. A lower opacity
erases pixels partially.
 In Brush Mode, specify a flow rate. Flow specifies how quickly
paint is applied by the tool.
 In Brush Mode, click the Airbrush Button to use the brush as an
airbrush.
 To erase to a saved state or snapshot of the image, click the left
column of the state or Snapshot in the History Palette, and then select the Erase To
History in the options bar.
3. Drag through the area you want to erase.
4.8. Layer Essentials

Layers in Photoshop are just like layers of acetate where each image has its own layer to
build up a composite image. Each layer has its own transparency, position and can be
edited independently.
Layer Window parts: Set the blending mode for the layer, Layer opacity, Fill opacity
affects pixels painted in a layer or shapes drawn on a layer without affecting the opacity
of any layer effects that have been applied to the layer, Layer options window ,
Hide/Unhide, Layer preview and layer name, Link layers 8. Add a layer style, Add layer
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mask, Create new fill or adjustment layer, Create a new group, Create a new layer and
Delete layer.
Layer Palette
Layers are fundamental part of Photoshop and it is essential for us to learn how they
interact well if we want to use Photoshop effectively. To understand benefit of layers, we
can think of an artist creating his masterpiece. He must work with zero mistakes to finish
his job. Because applying a small brush stroke to a wrong part or using an inappropriate
color on small surface can spoil the whole work and he has to start from the beginning
again. But in Photoshop we have layers to help us edit, modify, colorize different parts of
artworks free from their other parts. So any mistake you make only effects a limited area
that can be fixed easily. In these pictures you see a clown. As you see his nose is a different
layer (nose). Because Photoshop only does changes on selected layer(s) we are able to
change his nose to blue.
New Layer
To create a new layer, we simply click on Layer −> New' Layer. Once we do that, a new
layer is created on the top of our layer stack. Renaming a Layer To rename a layer, simply
double click on the layer name and change its name. On the existing name rename the new
layer you created as empty layer.
Moving a Layer
The easiest method to move a selection or a layer

from one document to another is the drag and drop
method. Using the move tools drag and drop the
layer on any part of the other document. You will
see the moved layer on top of all the layers. To do
this both of the documents should be open and the
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document windows should be in restore mode. Open daisies.psd and butterflies.psd. When
butterflies.psd is the active window click on butterfly 1 layer and drag it into daisies.psd,
and Save As daisies and butterflies.psd.
Duplicating a Layer
By duplicating a layer, we produce a copy of all items in that layer. To duplicate a layer,
first we select the layer by clicking on it once then we follow the Layer − > Duplicate
Layer path. The other way for duplicating a layer is right-clicking on the layer and
dragging the layer to the New Layer icon.
Deleting a Layer
To delete a layer we click on Layer −>Delete layer or we drag and drop the layer to the
trash bin which is located at the right bottom corner of the panel.
Hide/Show Layers
To hide a layer, we first select the layer by clicking on it once then we follow Layer −>
Hide layers path. The shortest way to hide a layer is to click on the eye icon on the left
side of the layer. To unhide a layer, we click to Layer −> Show layers or click on the
empty box on the left side of the layer to bring back the eye symbol for making the layer
visible.
Merging Layers
Sometimes we need to combine all layers in one layer. This is called “merging layers” in
Photoshop. Merging layers do not change any effect given to the layers. To merge layers,
we first select the layers by pressing the Shift key while clicking on them. Then we follow
Layer −> Merge Layers path.
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Linking Layers
We link layers to move them all together. To link layers, we select all the layers we want
to link by pressing the Shift key while clicking on them. Then we follow the Layer −>
Link Layers path. The better option for linking layers is clicking on the Link Layers icon
after selecting the layers. To unlink layers, select layers and follow the Layer −> Unlink
Layers path or just select the layers and click on the Link Layer icon again.
Grouping Layers
Grouping layers has two main advantages. 1. Grouped layers can be edited, modified,
moved, given effects together. 2. Grouping layers helps us to organize the Layers panel
when we are working with many layers. To group layers, first we select the layers and
click Layer −> Group Layers. The second way is to drag the selected layers to the Group
Layers icon below the Layers panel. We can hide/show grouped layers by clicking on the
arrow given above. To move a layer out of a group, drag and drop the layer above the
group folder. To give a name to a group, same as renaming layers, double click on the
group name and type its new name.
Background Layers
There are three kinds of background layers in Photoshop. These are transparent
backgrounds, color backgrounds and picture backgrounds. When creating a new file, if
we define the Background Contentas transparent, there will be no color on the
background. For colored background, before creating a new file we change the
background color from toolbox. Then we select background color from the Background
Contents box while creating a new file. When we open a new picture in Photoshop, by
default picture becomes the background layer.
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The background layers do not support transparency, which means when we make a
selection on the background layer and delete it, we fill the selection with the current
background color.
If we want the background layer to be editable, we need to convert it to a layer. To do this,

we need to double click on the Background layer on the Layers Panel and give it a name.
The converted layer will support transparency.
Sometimes we might need to convert a layer to a background layer as well. In such cases
you need to follow Layer -> New -> Layer from Background.
Opacity
A layer's opacity determines to what degree it obscures or reveals the layer beneath it. A
layer with 1% opacity appears nearly transparent, whereas one with 100% opacity appears
completely opaque.
Fill Opacity
While opacity affects the opaqueness of the whole layer including layer effects, fill only
affects the layer content, but not layer effects. You see two clocks and their opacity and
fill values on the left. After giving drop shadow effect, we see that because opacity is
applied even to effects the shadow is a bit lighter than the one on its left.
Layer Order
On layers panel, the layer above is always in front of the other.
Blending Mode
The blending mode controls how pixels are affected after painting or editing. By changing
the blending mode of a layer, we mix the colors of the layer with the layer beneath it. Each
mode gives a different result, since ways of mixing is different for each blending mode.
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Layer Style
Layer Style menu allows us to customize various layer effects and blend selected contents
from multiple layers. If we have a look at the Layer Style menu, on the left side we see
different layer effects. To apply any of those effects, we click on its name on the left side
and change the settings of the effects which will come to the middle of the menu. To apply
more than one effect, we tick on the box of each effect we want to add.
Working with layers
Task 1: Blending mode of layers
1. Open the images red_tulips.psd and sea.psd.

2. Drag and drop the Red Tulips onto the sea file by
using the Move tool.
3. Place the red tulip so as to cover the whole of
canvas.
4. Change the blending mode of the Red Tulips

layer to the Lighten and the Vivid Light modes.
Task 2: Opacity values
1. Open an image.
2. Copy it 4 times.
3. Now select the layers one by one and change their opacity to different values.
Task 3: To edit a layer mask:
To better understand how layer masks work, let's try editing the Acorn layer mask.
1. Next, choose the Brush tool from the Tools panel, then set
the Foreground Color to white.
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2. Click and drag your image to reveal areas in the layer. In this example, we're
revealing more of the background by adding white paint to the layer mask.
3. Set the Foreground Color to black, then click and drag your image to hide
areas in the layer.
4. Continue using the Brush tool until you're satisfied with the result.
You'll need to take your time and work carefully to get the best possible result,
especially when refining the edges of the layer mask around an object. It may
be helpful to adjust the size, hardness, and opacity of the Brush tool.
Task 4: To create a new layer mask:
Now that you know more about layer masks, you may want to try creating your
own.
1. Select a layer, then click the Layer Mask button at the bottom of
the Layers panel. In our example, we'll create a new layer mask for
the record layer.
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2. The layer mask will appear as a white thumbnail next to the layer icon in
the Layers panel. You can then select the thumbnail and use the Brush tool
to edit the layer mask.
Note that you can apply multiple layer masks to the same layer. However, this
can become complicated, so we recommend using only one layer mask per
layer.
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4.9. Working with Text
The Type tool allows you to add text to your document.
You can use text on a variety of projects—for example,
you might add text to your images to create a poster,
holiday card, or invitation. You'll also be able
to customize the text to suit your needs.
To use the Type tool:
1. Locate and select the Type tool in the Tools panel. You can also
press the T key on your keyboard to access the Type tool at any
time.
2.In the Control panel near the top of the screen, choose the
desired font and text size.
3. Click the Text Color picker, then choose the desired color
from the dialog box.
4. Click and drag anywhere in the document window to

create a text box.
5. A new text layer will be added to your document. You can

start typing to add text to the layer.
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6. If you want to edit a text layer, you'll need to double-click the layer icon in
the Layers panel. You can then change the text, resize the text box, or use the options
in the Control panel to choose a different font or modify
text size and color.
7.For even more text formatting options, go to Window
Character to view the Character panel.
8. If you want to move the text, you'll need to select

the Move tool and then click and drag it to the desired
location in the document window.
Example:
1. Open an image.
2. Type winter on the picture with the Horizontal Type Tool. Font: Gill Sans Ultra
Bold, Size:24, Color: White.
3. Create the following images with the Type Tools.
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4.10. Exercises
4.10. Exercises
1. You can NOT ................................

1. You can NOT ................................
a. Change the color of text

a.
b.Change the color of text
Bend a text
b. Change
c. Bend a text
embedded text on JPG files
d. Change text
c. Change embedded text on JPG files
alignment
d. Change text alignment
2. The _______________ allows you to create

2. The selections
complex _______________
in the shape of type characters. allows you to create
complex selections in the shape of type characters.
a. Type mask tool b. Horizontal type tool
a. Type mask tool b. Horizontal type tool
c. Vertical type tool d. Warp text tool
c. Vertical type tool d. Warp text tool
3. Which of the following is NOT a warp text type?
3. Which of the following is NOT a warp text type?
a. Arc b. Flag
a. Arc b. Flag
c. Fish d. Cat
c. Fish d. Cat
4. Which of the following is NOT a way to edit a text?

4. Which of the following is NOT a way to edit a text?
a. Click directly into the text with text tool. b. Double click on the 'T' icon on the layer. c.
a. Click
Right directly
click > Editinto
textthe text with text tool. b.d.Double click
Rasterize on the
Type then'T'edit
icontext
on the layer. c.
Right click > Edit text d. Rasterize Type then edit text
5. Which of the following is NOT true about Typing in Photoshop?
5. Which of the following is NOT true about Typing in Photoshop?
a. You can type both horizontal and vertical.
a. You can type both horizontal and vertical.
b. You can change fontsize of texts without loosing the image quality.
c. You can convert texts to raster images.

193
d. You have to create a new layer before typing.
193
6. What does a Type Mask Tool do?
a. Deletes layers in shape of typed text. 185

b. Makes selections in the shape of typed text.
c. Gives special effects to layers.
d. You have to create a new layer before typing.
d. You can
b. havechange
to create a newof
fontsize layer
textsbefore typing.
without loosing the image quality.
6. What does a Type Mask Tool do?
6. You
c. Whatcan
does a Type
convert Mask
texts Toolimages.
to raster do?
a. Deletes layers in shape of typed text.
a.
b. Deletes
d. You
Makeshavelayers in shape
to createinathe
newof typed
layer text.
ofbefore typing.
b. You canselections
change fontsize shape
of texts typed
withouttext.
loosing the image quality.
b. Makesspecial
c. Gives selections in the
effects shape of typed text.
to layers.
6. Whatcan
c. You does a Type
convert Mask
texts Toolimages.
to raster do?
c.
d. Gives
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a copyeffects
of theto layers.
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d. Deletes
You havelayers
to in shape
create a newof typedbefore
layer text. typing.
d.
7. What is the name of the processshape
Creates a copy of the layer in the of typed text.
of converting vector texts to raster images?
b. Makes selections in the shape of typed text.
6.
7. What does
is theaname
Typeof Mask Tool do?
the process of converting vector texts to raster images?
a.
c. Vectorizing
Gives special effects to layers. b. Merging
a. Deletes layers in shape of typed text.
Vectorizing b. Merging
d. Creates a copy of the layer in the shape of d.
c. Flattening typed text.
Rasterizing
b. Makes selections in the shape of typed text.d. Rasterizing
c. Flattening
7. What is the name of the process of converting vector texts to raster images?
8. Which Warp effect was applied to the shape below?
c. Gives special effects to layers.
8. Which Warp effect was applied to the shape
a. Vectorizing below?
b. Merging
d. Creates a copy of the layer in the shape of typed text.
c.
7. Flattening
What is the name of the process of converting d. Rasterizing
vector texts to raster images?
8. Which Warp effect was applied to the shape
a. Vectorizing below?
b. Merging
c. Flattening d. Rasterizing
a. Fish eye b. Rise
a.
8. Fish eye
Which
c. Bulge b.
d. Rise
Warp effect was applied to the shape below?
Wave
c.
9. Bulge
Layers in Photoshop are d. Wave
9. Layers in Photoshop are
a. filters
a. Fishthat
eye have been applied to the image b. Rise
a. filters that have been applied to the image
c.
b. Bulge
images stacked on top of each other d. Wave
b.
9. images
Layersstacked on top of
in Photoshop areeach other
c. color models
a. Fish eye b. Rise
c. filters
a. color models
that have been applied to the image
d. color and brightness correction
c. Bulge d. Wave
d.
b. color and brightness correction
9. images
10. Whichstacked
Layers on top of
ofPhotoshop
in areeach
the following waysother
cannot bring up the Layer Styles/Blending Options
10.dialog
Whichbox?of the following ways cannot bring up the Layer Styles/Blending Options
c.
a. color
filtersmodels
that have been applied to the image
dialog box?
d. color
b. images and brightness
stacked on topcorrection
of each other
10. Which of the following ways cannot bring up the Layer Styles/Blending Options
c. color models 194
dialog box?
d. color and brightness correction 194
dialog box?
194
186
b. images stacked on top of each other
c. color models
d. color and brightness correction

dialog box?
a. Double click on the layer's longbar in the layers palette (not the name)
b. Right click on the layer longbar and choose Blending Options
c. Use the lower left fly-up menu and choose
194a layer style
d. Double click on the layer name.
11. If we want to give the same Layer Style to more than one layer, which one is the
best method given below?
a. Duplicating them
b. Grouping them
c. Linking them
d. Merging them
Task 1: Cheese Text
Create a document: 600 X 400 with 72 dpi resolution. Using the Selection Tools and the
Layer Styles make a cheese text as given.
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4.11. Using filters, Filter gallery
Filters are little programs within Photoshop that add functionality to Photoshop. Use filters
to clean up or retouch photos, apply special art effects that add realistic value to images,
and make unique transformations. To use a filter, choose an appropriate submenu
command from the Filter Menu. Before using filters, you need to know that filters are
applied to active, visible layers or selections and also some filters are only applied to
images which are in RGB mode.
Filter Gallery
The Filter Gallery is a submenu which contains various Filter options from different
submenus under the Filters menu. Simply select a Filter folder to open it and choose a
filter. After changing it`s settings click OK. Notice that the Filter Gallery does not contain
all filters of the Filter menu.
A. Preview B. Filter category C. Thumbnail of selected filter D. Show/Hide filter thumbnails E. Filters pop-up
menu F. Options for selected filter G. List of filter effects to apply or arrange H. Filter effect selected but not
applied I. Filter effects applied cumulatively but not selected J. Hidden filter effect
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Extract
We use the Extract command to make some difficult selections that require a sophisticated
way to isolate a foreground object from its background. Extract is a kind of artificial
intelligence mask and selection tool.
Liquify
Use the Liquify filter menu to rotate, push, pull, pucker, reflect, and bloat parts of images.
It is a powerful tool for retouching images and giving artistic effects.
To open the Liquify dialog box, choose Filter->Liquify. The Liquify menu tools are all
like brushes which are applied the same way as all brushes to images in Photoshop. You
may define their size, density and other presets on the Tool Options Menu.
Pattern Maker
A pattern is an image that is repeated, or tiled, when used to fill a layer or selection. By
using the Pattern Maker Menu we can make eye catching patterns to fill our selections
and layers.
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Vanishing Point
The Vanishing Point filter is an advanced skills filter that deletes and positions parts of
images in perspective. It works somewhat like the Clone Stamp tool
Original image Gaussian blur filter
Apply a filter from the Filter menu
You can apply a filter to the active layer, or to a Smart Object. Filters applied to a Smart
Object are nondestructive and can be readjusted at any time.
1. Do one of the following:
 To apply a filter to an entire layer, make sure the layer is active or selected.
 To apply a filter to an area of a layer, select that area.
 To apply a filter nondestructively so you can change your filter settings later, select
the Smart Object that contains the image content you want to filter.
2. Choose a filter from the submenus in the Filter menu.

If no dialog box appears, the filter effect is applied.
3. If a dialog box or the Filter Gallery appears, enter values or select options, and then
click OK.
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Apply filters from the Filter Gallery
Filter effects are applied in the order you select them. You can rearrange filters after
you apply them by dragging a filter name to another position in the list of applied
filters. Rearranging filter effects can dramatically change the way your image looks.
Click the eye icon next to a filter to hide the effect in the preview image. You can
also delete applied filters by selecting the filter and clicking the Delete Layer icon .
1. Do one of the following:
 To apply a filter to an entire layer, make sure that the layer is active or selected.
 To apply a filter to an area of a layer, select that area.
 To apply a filter non-destructively, so you can change your filter settings later, select
the Smart Object that contains the image content that you want to filter.
2. Choose Filter > Filter Gallery.

3. Click a filter name to add the first filter. You may need to click the inverted triangle
next to the filter category to see the complete list of filters. Once added, the filter
appears in the applied filter list in the lower right corner of the Filter Gallery dialog
box.
4. Enter values or select options for the filter you selected.
5. Do any of the following:
 To apply filters cumulatively, click the New Effect Layer icon , and choose an
additional filter to apply. Repeat this procedure to add more filters.
 To rearrange applied filters, drag the filter to a new position in the applied filter list in
the lower right corner of the Filter Gallery dialog box.
 To remove applied filters, select a filter in the applied filter list, and click the Delete
Layer icon .
6. When you’re satisfied with the results, click OK.
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Example
1. Open an image.
2. Apply all the filter types one by one.
3. After you have applied the filter, save the image with filters name.
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4.12. Moving and warping text
Moving text
You can move text from one position to another on the image. The steps are:
1. Select the type layer in the Layers palette.
2. Click the Move Tool in the Tools panel.
3. Click on the text, drag it to the desired position stage, and release the mouse button.
Scale type
You can specify the proportion between the height and width of the type, relative to the
original width and height of the characters. Unscaled characters have a value of 100%.
Some type families include a true expanded font, which is designed with a larger
horizontal spread than the plain type style. Scaling distorts the type, so it is generally
preferable to use a font that is designed as condensed or expanded, if one is available.
1. Select the characters or type objects you want to change. If you don’t select any text,
the scale applies to new text you create.
2. In the Character panel, set the Vertical Scaling option or the Horizontal Scaling
option .
Rotate type
Do the following:
To rotate type, select the type layer and use any

rotate command or the Free Transform command.
For paragraph type, you can also select the
bounding box and use a handle to rotate the type
manually.
To rotate multiple characters in vertical Asian

text.
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Rotate vertical type characters
When working with vertical type, you can rotate the direction of characters by 90°.
Rotated characters appear upright;
Wrapping text
Warping lets you distort text into a variety of shapes. For example, you can warp text into
the shape of an arc or a wave. The steps are:
1. Select the Type layer.
2. Select the Type Tool in the Tools panel.
3. Click the Create Warped Text button in the Options Bar.
4. The Warp Text dialog box appears. Select a style from the Style drop-down list. In
this case, we selected Arc.
5. You can also select the orientation, Horizontal or Vertical.
6. Click OK to see the result of your selections.
1. Fill in the blanks with the correct words.
Spot Healing Brush soften Smudge erase darken

a. The……………… Tool creates the effects of smudging wet paint with a finger.
b. The Burn Tool is used to……………pixels.
c. The Eraser Tool is used to…………. Parts of an image.
d. The ……………………Tool is used to remove blemishes and scars.
2. Write T for true statements and F for the false one. Correct the false
statement(s).
a. The Magic Erase tool erases pixels from similar colored areas.
b. The Dodge Tool is used to lighten the pixels in an image.
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c. To display the Layers palette, select the Window menu.
d. An image can have only one background layer.
e. You can insert only two layers in an image.
3. Descriptive Type questions
Answer the following:

a. Can you select multiple layers in Photoshop? If yes, how?
b. What is the use of the Spot Healing Brush tool?
c. How can you flatten all visible layers? What is the use of flattening the layers?
d. What is the currently selected layer in the Photoshop called?
e. What are the steps to rename a layer?
4. Application based questions

1. Anna has written a collection of short stories that she
wants to publish in a form of a book. She has decided
to design a book cover for it. Help her design a book
cover using the tools available in Photoshop.
2. John’s class teacher has asked her to design a cover
for the attendance register of the class. Which tools should she use? Help her
designing a register cover in Photoshop.
3. Apply different filters on your favorite cartoons by using Photoshop and save
them with the cartoons name.
4. Create a Rangoli design of your own by using Photoshop and write your name
over the design.
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Chapter 6
PROSHOW
5.1. Introduction to Proshow

1. Making a Simple Show from Start to Finish
To help you become familiar with ProShow, we're going jump right in and walk you
through the process of making a very simple show. By the end of this chapter, you'll
learn the basics of working within ProShow and you'll have your very first show ready to
share with friends, family or customers.
In this chapter, we’ll cover the basics of:
• Adding images to your shows
• Changing slide and transition times
• Previewing your shows
• Choosing your transition effects
• Adding effects to your images
• Adding simple captions
• Adding a soundtrack to your show
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Naturally, each of these topics will be covered in much greater detail in later
chaptersGetting Started Make a Show Right Away
1. When you first open ProShow, you’ll be asked how you'd like to
begin your new Slide Show. Select the Blank Show icon.
2. In the Show Title box, give your new show a name.
3. Select the Aspect Ratio. By default, it will be set to 16:9 (Widescreen) as this is the
most common for playback on most PCs, Televisions and Devices
4. Once you press Create, you'll be in the main Workspace. This is where you'll start out
each time you are ready to make new show.
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5. Use the Folder List to browse for
any folder on your PC that contains
images. In order to make your first
show more quickly, choose a folder
with a smaller number of images. 2030
images should do.
6. With your desired folder selected, in

the File List, right-click on any one of
the thumbnails that appears in the
window.
7. Select Add All Files to Show from

the sub-menu that appears.
Depending on the number of images in the selected folder, it may take a few moments to
add everything to your show. When importing videos, or a large number of photos, you
may see the Import Status Window appear. This window will show you how far along
you are in the import process.
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Once all of the images have been added as slides in your Slide List at the bottom of the
screen, continue creating your first show by following the "1, 2, 3" method.
The "1, 2, 3" method uses some of the many keyboard shortcuts found in ProShow to
randomly re-arrange the order or your images, add random motion effects to your images
and randomly select transition effects to go in between each of your slides.
1. Select every slide in your show by clicking on any slide and pressing CTRL + A.
2. Randomize the order of your slides by pressing CTRL + Shift + 1.
3. Add some random motion by pressing CTRL + Shift + 2.
4. Finally, randomize the transition effects between slides by pressing CTRL + Shift + 3.
With just a few simple steps, you now have a brand new slide show, complete with motion
and transition effects.
To see what you've created, click the Play button that appears beneath the preview
window.
So there it is, you're very first show!
Now that you see how easy it is to get started, let's dig a little deeper and get you on your
way to doing even more with ProShow.
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EXERCISES
Objectives type questions
Blank Show Show Title Play Workspace Create File List Folder
List
a. Use the ____________ to browse for any folder on your PC that contains images.
b. With your desired folder selected, in the ____________ right click on any one of
the thumbnails that appears in the window.
c. When you first open ProShow, you’ll be asked how you'd like to begin your new
Slide Show. Select the ____________ icon.
d. Once you press _________, you'll be in the main ______________. This is where
you'll start out each time you are ready to make new show.
e. In the _____________ box, give your new show a name.
f. To see what you've created, click the ________ button that appears beneath the
preview window.
Descriptive type questions.
Answer the following
a. Which is the shortcut to select every slide in your proshow?

b. Which is the shortcut to add some random motions?
c. Which is the shortcut to randomize the transitions sffects?
d. Which is the shortcut to randomize the order of your slides?
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5.2. Create slideshows
1. Begin With Basics
In the quick introduction, you learned how to begin with a blank canvas and create a
simple show by adding the entire contents of a folder. Now let's focus on adding just the
images you want to see.
Locating Your Images
The Folder List, which appears in the upper left corner of the main workspace, is almost
exactly like any folder browser you use in Windows. While looking at it, you’ll notice that
it shows you your hard drives, your Pictures, Music, Videos folders, etc. You can think of
this just like browsing around the contents of your system – it works the exact same way.
Double-click on a folder to open it, and in that folder you can see any subfolders that are
there. Here’s a quick example:
If your images are stored in your "Pictures” folder, you can access that by finding the
“Pictures” entry in the Folder List, double-clicking on it, and choosing the sub-folder
with your images from the list that shows up beneath the “Pictures” entry.
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On that same note, if you keep your images in a general folder on your hard drive, like
C:\PhotoShoots\Wedding2015, you can access those just as you would in Windows.
Double-click on the C: entry, locate the “PhotoShoots” folder, and then click on the
“Wedding2015” folder that appears beneath it.
2. Getting Started
Note: various versions of Windows place virtual folders like “My Pictures” or "Videos"
in different locations. Consult your Windows documentation if you’re not familiar with
this.
When you have found a folder that contains images, the File List will show thumbnails
of the images there. This gives you the ability to visually figure out which images you
want to add to your show.
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Folder and File List Tips:
• If you need more room to see folders, or files, you can adjust the size of the Folder List
and File List. Hover your mouse in between the two panes to activate the size arrows.
Click and drag up or down to achieve the desired size.
• In the Files List, right-click to access the Files List sub-menu. From the sub-menu you
can change the size of your thumbnails, see details for your files, and change the sorting
order and more.
3. Creating New Slides
Go ahead and pick an image that you want to use to start your show. Once you’ve chosen
that image, click on it. This will highlight it in the File List. Now click on it again, and
this time, hold your mouse button down.
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As you hold down the mouse button, move the mouse cursor down to the Slide List - this
is the blank bar at the bottom of the main workspace that contains a series of placeholder
squares.
When your mouse cursor is over the slide list, release the mouse button. Notice that
ProShow creates a new slide using the image you selected. This process is called drag
and drop. Just drag an image, or images, from the File List and drop them into the slide
list. ProShow will do the rest. Double clicking on an image in the Files List will also add
it your Slide List, but you'll most likely find drag and drop may be the better way to go.
4. Changing Slide and Transition Times
Once you have an image in place, take a look at the slide. You’ll notice that it displays a
thumbnail of the image, the slide number, and two values. These, by default, should by
say 3.0.
These time values are referring to seconds. The number at the bottom of your slide is your
Slide Time or the length of time the slide is going to be displayed. Again, by default, this
is 3 seconds. The number to the right of the slide is the Transition Time, or the amount
of time it will take for this slide to transition into the next slide.
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Each slide will always have two time values. In this example, it means that the total time
for your first slide is 6 seconds -the slide time, plus the transition time. If you want your
slide to be longer or shorter, you can adjust either time by clicking on the value and typing
in any number you want. Just keep in mind that these times are always listed in seconds.
Note: The 6 second total time is set as the default because it works well with a wide variety
of effects and soundtracks. It’s generally just enough time to see and appreciate the
contents of a slide before moving on to the next one.
5. Playing a Slideshow
Now that you know how to locate your images, add them to a show and perform some
basic timing adjustments. Go ahead and add some more images to your new show. Once
you have a good number images, let’s take a look at how the preview your slideshow.
Playing a Preview
Go ahead and press the Play icon just below the Preview window. You'll notice that the
slide list displays slides, in order, from left to right. The first slide in your show is number
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1, on the far left. The last slide in your show will be on the far right. Playing a show is just
a process of going through those slides in order, from start to finish.
Preview Tip:
• The Preview window is also perfect for browsing images in your File List before you
add them to your Slide List.
As your show plays, you should see a playback indicator begin to move along the bar just
above your Slide List.
This indicator tells you where you are currently are in your show. As you preview your
show, the indicator moves along the Slide List and shows you which slide in your show
is currently being displayed in the Preview.
Let's click on the Stop button to stop the Preview playback. Now click on any slide in
your show. Notice that the playback indicator appears at the beginning of the slide you’ve
picked. The indicator is telling you that the Preview window is currently showing you
what is seen at the very beginning of that selected slide.
You can also click and drag this indicator to see any part of your show in the Preview.
This is a great way to examine parts of your show in slow motion, and to make sure your
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shows look the way you want them to. Simply drag the playback indicator slowly through
a slide to see how your images will appear in your show.
You should use the Preview playback frequently as it will give you the chance to see how
each show looks in real-time as you build it and make changes.
6. Customizing Slides
Now that you’re adding images, changing timing and beginning to add effects, let's take
a very quick look at customizing the slides in your show.
Customization is where the real power of ProShow comes into play. You can adjust almost
every aspect of the images and video clips that appear in your slides -including how they
look in your show and how they move around the screen.
Opening the Slide Options
You’re going to do all of your customization in the Slide Options window. There are
several ways to open the various slide options, but let’s use the fastest method available:
Double-click on the any slide in

your show. This will open the
Slide Options. From this window,
you can control how a slide
appears in your show, including
applying effects, adding captions,
adding slide sounds, changing
backgrounds and controlling
motion.
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All of the Slide Options will be covered in detail in later chapters, but for now, just note
that the easiest way to access this window is by doubleclicking, and this is where you'll
go to customize each slide in your show.
7. Making a Title Slide
1. Double-click on the very first slide in your show. This will open the Slide Options
window.
2. Locate the Captions pane on the left and press the

Add (+) icon. You'll now see the words "Blank
Caption".
This doesn't mean the words "Blank Caption" will be in your show.
This is simply a placeholder in the Captions

List showing you that you need to type
something. 3. To the right of the Preview
you'll find the Caption Text pane. This is
where you will type the text that you want to
have in your title slide.
Go ahead and type the words "My First

Slideshow".
4. Just below that text area, you'll see the

Caption Format pane. Use these options to
select the font, size, case and color of your
caption.
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5. Below the Preview you'll find the Caption Placement pane. This is where you'll justify
your text (left, center, etc) and adjust the position of your text.
As you can see, using Captions in ProShow is similar adding text to any word processing
program. You begin with a blank field, type in your text, and then choose the font, size,
and position of your caption.
Creating Captions Tip:
• You can adjust the position of your caption simply by clicking and dragging the caption
within the Preview.
• Caption size can also be changed by using the scroll wheel on your mouse. Simply click
on the caption in the Preview then scroll up or down until your caption reaches a desired
size.
If you're following along in

ProShow and want to make
sure your title slide looks
similar to the sample images;
from the Font dropdown list,
select Georgia. It’s a font that
comes standard in Windows
and makes a great title. Once
you have the font chosen, click on the size dropdown list and change the font size to
something big enough for a title, try 24 or more. If your preferred size isn't listed, you
can also type in a number to get the perfect size for your show. Now that you have the
caption created and adjusted, go ahead and use the mouse to drag the caption in the
preview window until you have it right where you want it. For extra accuracy, use the
Position settings in the Caption Placement pane.
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EXERCISES

Play icon Slide Time 6 second Preview Transition Time
a. The number at the bottom of your slide is your ___________ or the length of time
the slide is going to be displayed
b. The number to the right of the slide is the __________________.
c. The ______________ total time is set as the default because it works well with a
wide variety of effects and soundtracks.
d. To preview your work press the ______________ just below the ______________
window.
a. What are the steps if you want more room to see folders?
b. Explain steps which you follow to create a new slide?
c. How is called the process where you select an image and release the mouse behind
the slide list?
d. Which method is perfect for browsing images in your file list before you add them
to your Slide List?
In the lab
a. Try to create a Proshow photo presentation using 15 photos from a folder which is
created with randomly photos taken from the internet. Try to add new slides and
changing transition times for each slide. In the end preview your project to your
teacher.
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5.3. Transition Effects and filters
Pick a Transition Effect
Every slide comes complete with a Transition; it doesn’t matter whether it’s the first slide
in your show or the last – they all have a Transition that appears at the end of the slide.
As you've already seen, the Transition Time is the amount of time it takes for one slide to
move on to another slide. The Transition Effect on the other hand, is the visual change
that takes place as you go from one slide to the next. Adjusting both the Transition time
and effect can make for some amazing results, so let's see how easy it is to select those
effects.
How to Pick a Transition Effect
1. In the Slide List, Click on the Transition Icon on the right side of the Slide Thumbnail.
2. From the Choose Transition window, browse through the categories and select a
Transition.
3. Double-click to apply the Transition, or press the Apply button.
There are over 400 built-in Transition Effects to choose from. If you single click on any
effect, at the top of the Choose Transition window, you will see a preview of what each
Transition Effect will look like when applied to your slide. If you like what you see,
simply press the Apply button at the bottom or double-click on the desired effect.
Note: you can change the Transition Effect for multiple slides at once by selecting all of
the slides you wish to change and clicking on the Transition Icon for any highlighted slide.
Once you choose the new Transition Effect, all selected slides will change and have the
same effect. You can select multiple slides by holding CTRL on the keyboard and clicking
on each one you want to select, or a range of them by clicking on the first slide you want
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to select and holding Shift as you click on the last slide. All slides between the two will
be selected. You can also select every slide in your show by clicking on a slide in the Slide
List and pressing CTRL + A on your keyboard.
Adding Effects to Your Images
Even if you are brand new to creating slideshows, chances are you are familiar with the
"Ken Burns effect". This refers the visual effect made popular by documentary filmmaker,
Ken Burns that features still images panning and zooming as they appear on the screen.
If you forgot the shortcut, don't worry, you can also right-click on any selected slide in
your Slide List and choose the same randomize options from the sub-menu.
Random motion effects are fine and can make for a very nice show, but what makes
ProShow really fun is when you start using Slide Styles. First off, Slide Styles are effects
that you can apply to any slide in your show. Secondly, they are not random. Slide Styles
are effects that always look and behave the same way each time you use them. They can
be very simple (such as a pan from left to right), or extremely complex (using multiple
layers, color filters, advanced motion, etc)
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How to Pick an Effect 1. In the main Workspace, take a look at the Toolbar just
above the Folder List. Click on the Effects (FX) icon. This will open the Effects
(FX) window.
2. With the Slide Styles tab at the top selected, browse the categories and choose your
desired effect.
3. Press the Apply to Slide button. You'll see a message letting you know that the Slide
Style will replace any other effects that exist for the selected slide you have chosen. Press
OK to apply the new Slide Style.
4. Once you are finished applying your effects, press the Done button.
Much like you saw earlier when choosing a Transition, the Effects (FX) window allows
you to browse effects by category and will show you a thumbnail preview of what the
effect will look when once applied to your slide.
As you click on each effect, more information about the effect will appear on the right
side of the window, including: the name of the style, the number of layers you'll need for
the effect, the preferred image orientation and the optimal slide and transition times.
Effects (FX) Tip:
• If you have more than one slide selected in your Slide List, the same effect will be applied
to each selected slide.
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Adding Effects to Captions
The title caption you’ve created will certainly look good and work just fine as it is.
However, you can make it look even better by adding some effects.
In ProShow, each caption has three Caption Behaviors. These behaviors control what
your captions do when the slide starts and ends, as well as what happens to the caption
while the slide is playing. You can think of Caption Behaviors as animated effects that
you add to your text.
Let's start by selecting the Effects tab just above the Preview in Slide Options. On the
right, beneath the Preview, you'll find the Caption Behaviors options.
Click on the Fly In dropdown list to choose how your caption first appears in your slide.
You'll see that there are plenty of options, and we’ll cover them all later, but for now, just
choose Fade In from the list.
Once you’ve picked an effect for the start of the slide, click on the Fly Out dropdown list.
In this list, find the Fade Out option. Click on that to select it.
With these effects chosen, your caption will now fade into view at the beginning of the
slide and fade out of view at the end. Without those effects in place, the caption would
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pop into view at the start of the slide, then, abruptly disappear at the end. With Caption
Behaviors, you can give your captions a more natural and professional feel.
To see how your slide will look with the newly added text effects, click the Play icon
located at the bottom of the Slide Options window. If you're happy with the results, press
the OK button to close save the changes to your slide and close the Slide Options window.
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EXERCISES

400 built-in Effects (FX) Transition CTRL + A Done
a. Every slide comes complete with a ________________.

b. There are over _______________ Transition Effects to choose from.
c. You can also select every slide in your show by clicking on a slide in the Slide
List and pressing ______________ on your keyboard.
d. To pick an effect click on the ________________ icon.
e. Once you are finished applying your effects, press the __________ button.
a. If you forgot the shortcut how you can randomize motion effects?
b. After you have finished applying effects which is the button which you press?
c. If you want to apply the same effect to more than one slide which is the way?
d. Which is the role of Caption Behaviors on Proshow?
e. To see how your slide will look with the newly added text effects what you have
to press?
In the lab
a. On the project which you have prepared on the previous lesson try to put
transitions effect for each slide and for a couple of slides try to put the same effect.
At the beginning put a title caption and add an effect for the title to.
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5.4. Use editing tools
Every Tool at Your Fingertips
The main Workspace is designed to give you quick access to every option that can be
used in ProShow. Whether you use the options found in the Menu Bar, the icons in the
Toolbar, or keyboard shortcuts, everything you need is just a few clicks away.
To make things even better, you can fully customize and control how your main
workspace looks. Each aspect of the workspace can be broken out and used as a stand-
alone window, letting you take advantage of extra work space or multiple monitors. In
this chapter, you will learn what is what in the main workspace, how to access the various
options found there, and how to customize your own workspace.
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Elements of the Main Workspace
Every major aspect of the main workspace is named and clearly defined to make it easy
for you to find what you’re looking for. We’ll begin by learning what each section of the
main workspace is called and where you can find it.
The Menu Bar
In the upper-left corner of the workspace, you will find the Menu Bar. The Menu Bar is
a standard feature found in most all Windows applications. Here you can access almost
every feature within ProShow using the categories shown. We’ll discuss what all these
features do later in this manual, but for now, let’s take a look at the types of things you’ll
find in the main menu. Each category contains a certain set of options:
File contains all of the options related to your show files and their management. Here is
where you will find options to open create and save your shows. Additionally, you'll find
the option to import content from Social Media Services or the ProShow Remote App.
Edit contains options for changing aspects of your show. You will find tools like copy &
paste undo & redo, combining slides, copy settings as well as the Preferences for
ProShow.
Show gives you quick access to the tools which impact your whole show. From here you
can open the Show Options window and set a show title, show background or manage
your soundtrack. You'll also find Play/Pause/Stop and Full Screen options for playing
shows in the Preview window.
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Slide is similar to the Show menu, as it gives you quick access to your Slide Options
window. Additionally you can add/remove slides, flag slides, add/remove time, navigate
between slides and apply effects to slides from here.
Audio contains all of your sound tools. Here you can open your soundtrack options for
your show, access the built-in Music Library, add new music to your show from CD,
match beats to slide timing with the Record Slide Timing feature, and perform a Quick
Sync of your show and music.
Tools is where you'll go to manage your effects, manage Media Sources, manage your
Show Templates, access the ProShow Remote options, create new effects, revert to
backups, collect show files, find any missing files, combine shows and download extra
content.
Publish features all of the output options available once you're ready to publish and share
your shows. From here you can go directly to the options to Upload to YouTube or
Facebook, Create a DVD or Blu-ray, output HTML 5 video, or export a show to a device
using the ProShow Remote app.
Window is where all of your options to view/hide menus, toolbars, and window
arrangements are found. This is also where you can save and restore window layouts.
Help is where you can open the built-in help guide, enter your registration information,
contact support and check for upgrades.
As you can see, there’s quite a bit to be found in the Menu Bar. In fact, we've just summed
up quite a few of the features of ProShow within that overview. Just remember that while
there’s a lot of information there, you only need to use the menu bar as it helps you.
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The Toolbar
Beneath the menu bar is a bar that contains a series of icons. This is your Tool bar. The
Toolbar has a lot of similarities to the menu bar, but it's designed to give you even faster
access to the features that you’re likely to use over and over again.
Let’s look at what each button does:
• New opens the New Slide Show window. From here you can chose to use the Wizard,
start a new show from scratch, or open a previously saved show.
• Open allows you to browse your system for a saved show file, to open a show you were
working on previously.
• Save will save a show you’re currently working on, or have just created. If you click this
with a brand new show, it will ask you where you want to save that file, and what you
want to call it. Clicking it with a show that has already been saved will update that existing
save file.
• Wizard opens the ProShow Wizard. Use the Wizard to create a complete show, or use
it as a starting point for show creation. If you click this icon with a show open, ProShow
will close the open show and start a new show using the Wizard.
• Add Blank will add a Blank Slide to the show you are currently working on.
• Add Title will add a Title Slide to the show you are currently working on. This is very
similar to adding a Blank Slide. However, in addition to inserting a new slide in your
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show, the Slide Options window will open and you'll be ready to begin typing your text
right away.
• Import will take you to the Import from Service or App window. From here you can
connect to your online social media accounts and download files directly into your shows.
• Remix is a great tool that will use the Wizard to create, or redo effects on any slides
you have selected in your show. You can remix one slide or a range of slides.
• Edit Slide opens the Slide Options window, which is where you go to create and
customize the effects for each slide.
• Effects (FX) opens the Effects (FX) window. From here you can apply slide styles
and/or transitions to any slides you have selected in the Slide List. If you have a range of
slides selected, whatever effect you choose will be applied to all of the selected slides.
• Show Opt will open the Show Options window, which is where you configure settings
that impact your whole show at once. This includes things like your show title, aspect
ratio, background and soundtrack.
• Music opens the Show Options window and takes you directly to the Soundtrack area.
From here you can add or remove songs, change the order in which they appear in your
show, or edit your soundtrack settings.
• Music Library will open up the ProShow Music Library. From this window, you can
browse through over 300 royalty-free songs and sound effects. Simply click on a song
and press Add to Show to download and add it to your Soundtrack.
• Sync Music opens the Synchronize Show to Soundtrack window. From here you can
adjust exactly how you'd like your show and soundtrack to line up with each other.
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• Publish opens the Publish Your Show window. From here, choose the output that
works best for you and your audience, including DVD, Blu-ray, HD video, Facebook,
YouTube and more
The Information Bar
Just beneath the toolbar is a small, but important, section called the Information Bar.
Here you can see the name of the show you’re working on, as well as how many slides
are currently in the show, and how many audio tracks are in the show. You'll also see the
length of those elements to get a quick, at-a-glance summary of exactly what makes up
your show.
The Slide List
The Slide List is the bar at the bottom of the main Workspace where your slide thumbnails
are displayed. From here you can change the order of slides, adjust timing or even change
your transition effects.
The
Soundtrack Bar
The Soundtrack Bar appears just beneath the slide list, and is labeled “Soundtrack”. This
is where you can drag and drop audio files to add them into your show soundtrack. It’s
also where those audio files will appear to indicate that you have music in your show’s
soundtrack. Double-click any track in the Soundtrack Bar to adjust its options.
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The Preview Window
The Preview is where you can see enlarged versions of your images and slides as you
select them in the main Workspace. Additionally, this is where your show is displayed
when you play back and watch your show as you build it. During playback, what you see
in the workspace Preview is what your
audience will see once you publish and
share your show.
EXERCISES
Slide Toolbar Window Show Help File Audio Menu Bar Slide Options
Edit Workspace
a. The main ______ is designed to give you quick access to every option that can be
used in ProShow.
b. ____ contains options for changing aspects of your show.
c. _____ is where all of your options to view/hide menus, toolbars, and window
arrangements are found.
d. Whether you use the options found in the _______, the icons in the ________, or
keyboard shortcuts, everything you need is just a few clicks away.
e. _____ gives you quick access to the tools which impact your whole show.
f. _______ contains all of the options related to your show files and their
management.
g. ______ contains all of your sound tools.
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h. _____ is where you can open the built-in help guide, enter your registration
information, contact support and check for upgrades.
i. ______ is similar to the Show menu, as it gives you quick access to your
___________ window.
a. Which is the function of New button on Proshow?

b. For what you use Wizard on Proshow?
c. To show a title on the current slide which is the command?
d. If you want to connect with your accounts in the social media which is the way?
e. To browse over 300 free songs where you should go?
In the lab
a. On the project which you have prepared on the previous lesson try to add a sound
from Proshow Music Library. After finishing publish your work in HD and share
with your teacher.
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5.5. Add animated titles and text
When you create and work with text in ProShow, you are creating captions. Captions
have quite a bit of nuance involved in their use, not because the feature is complicated,
but because there is so much potential use in text.
When someone looks at captions, the obvious use is to write some text to share
information. Making a title slide with the name of your show is one simple use. Sharing
pieces of textual information during your slides, similar to business slideshow
presentations, is another use.
Captions become nuanced when you consider other possible uses. What about integrating
characters into the photo composition on your slide? You might consider using a whole
host of characters to create a varied background for an effect. Embossed looks
accomplished by large capital letters is another great use.
There are very few limitations to how you can integrate captions into your shows, from
the simple and informative to the clever and creative. Using captions in this way requires
knowing how to create and manage your captions while understanding how these tools
can be used creatively.
We will cover both how to create and use captions, as well as how to use them with some
creative suggestions, in this chapter.
Captions Start as Text
It’s helpful to think of captions in the same way you think of text in a word processor.
You still type your caption into ProShow, choose a font, color, and size. The only
departure comes when you choose where you want your caption to appear on the slide and
how you want it to behave.
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This means that coming up with how you want your caption to look is just the same as if
you were creating some text for a document. Type it in and set up the visuals. From there,
you place your caption on the slide just as you would with a layer – drag and arrange it.
Let’s begin by learning how to use the caption tools to create a fully customized
introduction caption. This is something that you’re likely to use often since almost all
slideshows have an introduction in them.
As you create this example, you'll also learn how each value works and what it is used for.
Creating a Title Slide
1. Right-click at the beginning of your Slide List and select Insert > Title Slide in the
menu that appears.
OR...
Click the Add Title icon in the Toolbar.
Creating a title slide is a great way to quickly get started if you’re only working with
captions. Selecting this option creates a slide with no image, and automatically takes you
to the Caption Settings for that new slide.
2. Begin typing your caption in the Caption Text field, which appears just to the right of
the Preview.
When you have no captions on a slide, simply typing into the text field will create the new
caption. Once a single caption is added, you’ll need to use the Add (+) button in the
Captions List to create additional captions on the slide.
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3. Type “Learning Slideshows” into the Caption Text field. Your new caption will appear
in the Captions List on the left side of the Preview.
The Captions List is very similar to the Layers List. Your captions are shown in the
order they stack with one another. The first caption is above the rest, just like layers.
Note: captions are always on top of layers. No matter how you position your layers,
captions will always appear above them. You can think of the two as separate stacks. The
captions are always the top stack, ordered as the captions appear in the list. The layers are
beneath the captions stack, appearing in their own order.
4. In the Caption Format area, select a Font from the dropdown list. For this example,
let's choose ‘Impact’ as your font choice.
ProShow can use all TrueType (.ttf) and Open Type (.otf) fonts that you have installed on
your PC. ProShow automatically checks to see which supported fonts have been installed
in Windows. If you have a collection of fonts that you use for other programs, these will
also be available for use in ProShow.
5. Select the Case for your text from the dropdown list. You can leave your text exactly
as you typed it, or convert all characters in your text to Upper or Lower case.
6. Click on the Size dropdown list and let's choose 36.
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ProShow displays the default available point sizes for your installed fonts. However, you
can always choose another size, even if it's not listed in the dropdown list. To use a custom
size, click on the Size field and type in your desired value.
7. Try enabling Bold, Italic, or both, by clicking on the B and I which appear at the bottom
of the Captions Format area.
Bold and Italic settings can be used with any caption you create to make the message stand
out. They work just as you’ve come to expect when using them in any other application.
8. Click on the Color block to open the Color Picker and choose a new color for your font
Color.
Caption colors can be adjusted to any value you want to use. You can even use the
Eyedropper tool to choose colors from your slide or images. This makes it easy to color
coordinate your captions and layers.
At this point, you have a complete caption. The text is in place and the appearance has
been customized. From here we’re going to adjust the alignment of the caption and give
it some effects to complete the first part of the introduction.
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Precisely Positioning Captions
Setting the position of your caption, and understanding how that position is calculated is
very helpful when creating precise and well-ordered captions.
1. In the Caption Placement pane, change the Alignment value of your sample text
to Centered, which is the second-to-left option.
ProShow allows you to control the Alignment of a caption both horizontally and
vertically.
The horizontal alignment options are similar to what you would find in any document
editor. The default alignment, left, is what you see in a book like this.
Centered text is often used for titles, and helps center multiple lines of text. Right aligned
is the next option, which isn’t used as often, but can work well with certain fonts or effects.
Fill aligned text creates a solid block, but can result in some strange spaces between letters
and words to achieve the effect. You often see fully justified text in newspapers and
magazine articles.
The alignment of your caption determines where ProShow calculates the center point of
the caption. The center point of your caption is used to determine where your caption is
placed in the slide frame.
For the Horizontal Alignment options:
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• Left aligned text places the center point in the middle of the leftmost character.
• Center and Fill place the center point right in the middle of the caption.
• Right alignment places the center point on the right edge.
For the Vertical Alignment options:
• Top aligned text places the center point along the top edge of the tallest character.
• Center places the center point right in the middle of the caption.
• Bottom alignment places the center point on the bottom edge of the caption.
2. If your caption is not already in the middle of your slide, set the Position to 50 x
50. This will place it perfectly in the center.
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The point that ProShow uses to position your caption is based on the Alignment value
that you choose.
The Position value is similar to the one used for layers, only it uses a slightly different
grid.
The position grid for layers uses values traveling from -50, to 0, to 50 as you move from
left to right or from top to bottom. However, the caption grid doesn’t use negative
numbers. Instead, the caption grid is from 0 to 100 from left to right, or from top to
bottom.
Fonts and Symbols
Finding the right font for your captions can be a little overwhelming especially as there
are so many to choose from. The right font should feel like a natural element within your
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show, whereas the wrong font might completely distract your audience from your images
and storytelling.
The Font Browser to help you find the best fonts for your shows, in the Caption Format
pane, you’ll find the Font Browser. This tool allows you to visually browse all of fonts
that are available on your computer.
Instead of the standard drop-down list of font names being the only example of how your
text will look, the Font Browser gives you a much better example of how the font will
appear in your show, by using sample text.
As you browse, the sample text is displayed for each font. When you find the font you’d
like, click the OK button to apply the change and return to the Slide Options window.
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The Symbol Browser
Much like the Font Browser, the Symbol Browser makes it easy to see all the characters
and symbols available in a font, and insert any selected character into a caption.
You can use the Symbol Browser to find common symbols like Copyright, or browse
specialty symbol fonts like Webdings and Wingdings, plus custom fonts that provide
unique symbols and characters.
Using Caption Behaviors
Now that you’ve adjusted the caption’s location on the slide, let’s change one final piece
– the Caption Behaviors.
Caption Behaviors are pre-made effects that can be used to enhance the way your captions
look. Each caption has three behaviors that can be configured.
• Fly In determines how the caption will first appear on your slide
• Normal defines what your caption does as the slide plays
• Fly Out tells the caption what do to as the slide ends
Let's set the Caption Behaviors for the sample caption to see how these affect your text.
1. With your caption selected in the Captions List, click the Effects tab located above the
Preview.
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Beneath the Preview, you'll find the text effect options in the Caption Behaviors area.
The Fly In effect is used when your slide starts. By default, your caption will appear at
the very beginning of your slide. The way it appears is determined by the Fly In effect
you choose.
3. In the Caption Behaviors area, click the Browse button next to Fly In. The
Choose Caption Behaviors window will appear.
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3. On the left, you will see a full list of all available Fly In effects. Select Pan Right from
the list. In the Preview, you'll see how this behavior will affect your text. Click on
Apply.
4. The Pan Right effect will now appear in the Fly In dropdown list.
Once you become comfortable with what each of the effects does, you can quickly select
them from the dropdown list without clicking on the Browse button.
To complete this example:
5. Click on the Browse button for the Normal effect.
The Normal effect is an effect that is used while your slide is playing. This is what the
caption will do after it has appeared on the slide using the Fly In effect, but before it leaves
the slide in the Fly Out effect.
6. Scroll through the list of effects and select Slide Right. Click on Apply.
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7. Slide Right should now appear in the Normal dropdown list.
Now let's set the behavior for what the caption will do as the slide ends by choosing the
Fly Out effect.
8. Click on the Browse button for the Fly Out effect.
9. Locate the Pan Right effect and click on Apply.
At the bottom of the Slide Options window, click on the Play icon to preview your slide.
Text Boxes
A Text Box gives you even more control over the exact positing of captions. With a Text
Box, you can keep text from spilling over onto your photos resulting in better slide layouts.
They are particularly useful when creating complex slide designs and when making
custom Slide Styles.
Activate a Text Box
To enable a Text Box, begin by clicking either of horizontal or vertical icons next to the
Text Box Size values. Notice that the icon will change into a lock.
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The lock icon indicates that this is now the tallest or widest amount of space a caption
should occupy in your slide. You can adjust the size of the Text Box by typing in specific
size values, or by clicking and dragging the anchor points located on all four sides of a
selected caption that’s visible in the Preview.
Let’s take a look at how and when you might want use a Text Box:
You’re starting a new show. You know you’ll be using captions to share details about
your photos, and the amount of information varies between photos. You haven’t decided
on your fonts yet, but you do know that you only want text to appear in the lower left
corner, just like a music video.
Here’s how a Text Box can be used to meet those needs:
1. Create a new slide and double click to open the Slide Options
2. Add a new caption. In the Caption Text pane, type the words “Slide Info”
3. In the Caption Format area, set the font to Arial and the size to 12.
4. In the Caption Placement pane, set the vertical Alignment to Top. This will make
sure the caption is positioned at the top edge of the box.
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5. Now click and drag the caption into the lower left corner. Position the caption so that
it’s at the highest point up from the bottom that you want it to be.
6. Enable both Text Box Size values. Make sure both icons show a blue lock next to the
horizontal and vertical values.
7. In the Preview, click and drag the bottom and right anchor points until they define the
largest amount of screen real estate you want your caption to occupy.
The next step is to use the Text Box options.
Text Box Options
Text Boxes have two formatting options available that define how text will behave within
the box boundaries. They are definitely complimentary features, and are often used
together.
• With Word Wrap enabled, regardless of the amount of text you add, your text won’t
appear beyond the locked horizontal boundary of the Text Box. If you disable this option,
text may appear to be “cut off”.
• The Shrink to fit option does exactly that: it automatically reduces the font size in order
to make sure your text fits within the boundaries of the Text Box.
To enable this option, just check the Shrink to fit box, located in the Caption Format
pane.
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Revisiting the example:
Even though you haven’t made all of your design decisions yet, by setting up this text box,
you’re able to make sure your text will always appear in this specific part of the slide,
regardless of the font, font size or amount of text you include in your caption.
Applying Effects to Captions
As you learned early when working with layers, changing the effects for caption options
is an easy process. Let's create a simple adjustment effect to see how effects work with
captions; and get you used to using the Preview to create effects.
In this example, let's take a simple caption and have it grow in size and change color
during playback.
Create a Caption Adjustment Effect.
8. In the Toolbar, click on the Add Title icon to create a new title slide. This will open
the Slide Options window and place you in the Caption Settings tab.
9. In the Caption Text pane, type the word "slide".
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10. In the Caption Format area, choose a bold font that uses large, thick letters. The font
Impact font works very well.
11. Set the Color to white and choose a font that is large but not too large. If you've
selected Impact as your font, try setting the size to 48.
12. In the Caption Placement pane, set the alignment to Center. Be sure your Position is
50 x 50. This should put your caption right in the middle of the slide.
13. Next, click on the Effects tab at the top of the window.
Right away you'll notice that the Effects Preview is slightly different than other preview
windows in Slide Options.
Just as you saw when making layer effects in earlier chapters, when creating caption
effects, you'll see two effects Preview windows. You'll use both of these previews to
create the effect.
Each of the previews represents a different point of time within the slide. The preview on
the left represents how the slide will begin (the Starting Position); the preview on the
right represents how the slide will end (the Ending Position).
When a preview is selected, any changes to the Caption Motion & Adjustments settings
will be applied to that point within the slide.
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For this example, we want to have the caption grow in size and change color as the slide
plays. To make that happen, we need to change the settings in the Ending Position of the
slide.
14. Click on the preview to the right. This will select the Ending Position.
15. In the Caption Motion & Adjustment pane, change the Font Size to something
larger. If you're using Impact as your font, try 200.
16. Change the Color to red.
17. In the Caption Behaviors pane, make sure the Fly In, Normal and Fly Out are all
set to none.
18. At the bottom of the Slide Options window, press the Play icon to see the effect.
When the slide begins, your caption will be white and smaller. As the slide plays, the
Adjustment Effect will gradually change the color of the caption to red as it grows in size.
EXERCISES
Color (2X) Alignment Preview Captions List (2X) Slide List Add (+) Insert
Title Slide
a. Right-click at the beginning of your _________ and select _______ > __________
in the menu that appears.
b. Once a single caption is added, you’ll need to use the ________ button in the
_________ to create additional captions on the slide.
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c. Your new caption will appear in the __________ on the left side of the
____________.
d. Click on the __________ block to open the ____________ Picker and choose a
new color for your font Color.
e. ProShow allows you to control the ____________ of a caption both horizontally
and vertically.
a. How many types of alignments you may find on Caption Placement pane?
b. If you want to put the Caption perfectly in the middle of the slide which are the
coordinates?
c. Which how many number caption grid is divided?
d. Which is the coordinate of the point in the right-bottom of the grid?
e. If you want to appear caption with a pre-made effect which is the way?
In the lab
Create a title slide with this features:
a. Font- Algerian
b. Size-36
c. Color-Red
d. Position-50x50
e. Caption Behaviour-Fade Spin in.
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5.6. Add sounds and records
Making a Show for the Senses
A show that's limited to just visual elements can work, but when you combine both visuals
and audio....well now you're creating something that can really engage your audience.
Thankfully, not only does ProShow include a variety of tools designed to help you add
music and sound effects to your shows, it also gives you access to hundreds of royalty-
free tracks through a built-in Music Library.
Let’s start with the basics – adding and setting up music in your show. From there we’ll
move on to sound effects, and finally cover how to tweak all of these to get just the results
you want in your show.
Audio Files Supported
ProShow supports almost all major audio types that are available. When adding tracks
from outside of ProShow, you can use everything from WAV, to OGG to MP3 files. If
it’s a digital audio file, the chances are high that you can use it in ProShow.
Adding Music to your Show
Creating a soundtrack for your show is designed to be as easy as working with images.
All you need is some music in digital a format.
There are several different ways to add music to your show. Let's start with adding music
that already exists on your computer.
To Add Music to a Show:
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1. In the main Workspace, use the Folder List to browse to a folder where your music is
saved.
2. Locate the music you want to add to the show in the File List.
3. Drag & drop the music from the File List to the Soundtrack bar which appears beneath
your Slide List, or right click and choose Add to Soundtrack.
OR
1. Use the Soundtrack list in Show Options.
There are several ways to open this window and manage your soundtrack.
• Click on the Music icon in the Toolbar
• Double-click on the Soundtrack bar, just underneath your Slide List
• From the Menu Bar, select Audio and Manage Soundtrack
• Use the keyboard shortcut, CTRL + M
2. Click on the Add

(+) button in the
Soundtrack List.
3. Choose Add
Sound File from the
menu that appears.
4. Browse your
system for the music
you want to add,
select it, and click Open.
5. Press Ok to close the window and return to your workspace.
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Your music will appear on the Soundtrack bar as a waveform. If you play a preview of
the show you will immediately hear the music that is now included. When looking for
music, you can double-click on any music file in the File List to play it.
Adding Music from the Music Library
Another option for music is to select tracks from the built-in Music Library. Within the
library, you can browse by length, genre or occasion and find the songs and sound effects
that work best for your show.
Let's take a look at the different ways you can access and use the Music Library.
Before beginning, note that ProShow must be connected to the internet in order to access
the Music Library.
1. Click on the Music Library icon in the Toolbar
OR
1. From the Menu Bar, select Audio and Music Library
OR
1. Use the Soundtrack list in Show Options.
There are several ways to open this window:
• Double-click on the Soundtrack bar, just underneath your Slide List
• From the Menu Bar, select Audio and Manage Soundtrack
• Use the keyboard shortcut, CTRL + M
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2. In Show Options, in the Soundtrack list, the Add (+) icon and choose Select From
Music Library.
Browsing the Music Library
The Music Library features a large variety of music tracks and sound effects that have
been rights-cleared; allowing you to use these tracks in any shows that you create for
friends, family or clients.
The first time you open the Music Library, you’ll be asked to review and agree to the
Usage Terms. These are the basic "do's and don'ts" of how music can be used when
making and sharing shows. If you’re unsure about what you read here, please feel free
to contact Photodex Customer Support. Once you agree, you won’t see this window again.
When you access the Music Library, on the left side of the window you'll find navigation
tabs that. Use these to browse all of the available tracks. Click the tabs to filter by Top
Picks and New Arrivals, to show tracks that features vocals or to browse by tempo, genre
or song length.
One of the more useful options is browse by Category /Occasion. This allows you to
quickly find tracks that fit the theme or story you're telling with your show.
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As you try different filters, the track list will update in the right-hand window.
Music Library Tools
The Music Library window features some very helpful organizational tools that you may
not notice at first glance.
As you add tracks to your show, the Used in Show notice will automatically turn on –
making it easy to quickly identify tracks you’ve already added, while browsing the library
for additional music.
At the bottom of each track thumbnail you'll find Download Indicator (Cloud Icon).
This lets you know that the track has not yet been downloaded from the Music Library.
Essentially, it's there to let you know that if you add the track, it will take a few moments
to download prior to be adding to your show.
Once a track has been downloaded, the Cloud Icon will no longer appear, even if you
move on to a different show. At this point, the track has been downloaded and stored on
your computer5. The next time you'd like to use this track, you'll still access it through
the Music Library, only you won't need to download it over again.
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At the bottom of the window, you'll find the Information Bar. Here you'll find the Usage
Terms for Music Library tracks. Click this to review the basic "do's and don'ts" of
making and sharing shows that feature music from the ProShow library.
The Information Bar also shows you the total length of all tracks that you currently have
selected. You'll also find a notice listing the number of selected tracks that need to be
downloaded from the library.
The final option you'll find here is the Refresh button. When clicked, this will tell
ProShow to check for Music Library updates. Updates occur periodically, and may
include new filter options (such as a new 'Top Picks' list) or additional tracks.
Music Library Favorites
If you find yourself using certain tracks often, within the Music Library you can mark
those tracks as Favorites.
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At the top of the filters list in the Special Selections area, you'll find a tab for Favorites.
Use this tab to quickly jump right to your selections. Keep in mind, this tab is only visible
if you have favorites.
Adding Multiple Music Tracks
Adding more music to your show is just a matter of repeating the previous steps. As you
add more songs, each will play in order from start to finish during your show. In the
Soundtrack Bar, your tracks will alternate between green and blue to help you stay
organized.
If you don’t want to be any more detailed with your music than that, you’re done. Just
add the tracks you want to use and play the show. You’ll learn more about customizing
and adjusting your music a bit later in the chapter.
Automatically Fade Your Soundtrack
Now that you've added songs to your Soundtrack, let's take a look at one of the best ways
to wrap up a show -by making your soundtrack fade out at the same time your show ends.
Later in this chapter you'll learn how to edit your Soundtrack with more precision, but
for now, let's take a look at how ProShow can do this for you automatically.
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To Automatically Fade Music at the End of a Show
1. Double click on the Soundtrack bar to open the Soundtrack options for your show.
2. On the right, locate the Fade Soundtrack at end of Show pane and click the check box
to turn the option on.
3. From the dropdown menu list, choose how you want your fade to behave by selecting
a Duration option. There are three to choose from:
• Duration of Last Transition: This will match the fade out to the length of the last
transition in your show.
• Duration of Last Slide: When choosing this option, your soundtrack will begin to fade
out as soon as the last slide in your show begins. The length of the fade out will include
both the slide time and the transition time.
• Custom Duration: This option allows you to create a custom fade out length. This is
not based on any slide or transition time. Instead, enter in a number of seconds, and the
fade out will begin at that number of seconds before the end of the show.
4. Click Ok to apply the changes and return to the workspace.
This is one of the fastest and easiest ways to "Drag, Drop and Go" when making a
slideshow.
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Because this is an automatic process, it doesn't matter if you only have 1 minute worth of
slides and a 3 minute long song. ProShow will automatically fade out your Soundtrack
at the end of that 1 minute of show time. You don't need to edit the track separately.
If you add or remove slides, ProShow will adjust the fade out based on the selected
Duration option.
Adding Sound Effects to your Slides
Any audio that you add to your Soundtrack is considered to be part of the show’s overall
soundtrack. It doesn’t matter if this is music, ambient sounds or sound effects.
If you want a sound effect that plays in time with certain slides, you’re going to want to
use a Slide Sound. A Slide Sound is an audio track that begins to play when the slide
they are attached to begins. You can use Slide Sounds for all kinds of things:
• Sound effects that compliment the slide, like clapping, laugh tracks, camera shutters, etc.
• Ambient sound accompaniment like a waves, blowing wind, birds chirping
• Voice narration to explain what’s happening in that particular slide or image
Slide Sounds are just as easy to add to your show as music. Let's take a look at how you
can do that.
To Add Slide Sound to a Slide
1. Use the Folder List to browse for a folder which contains the sound effect you want
to use.
2. Select the sound in the File List.
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3. Drag the sound from the File List and drop it onto the slide that you want to have the
sound.
OR
1. Double-click on the slide to which you want to add a Slide Sound.
2. In Slide Options, click the Slide Sounds tab.
3. To the right of the Preview, you'll find the Slide Sound area. Click the browse button.
4. Choose Add Sound File from the menu that appears.
5. Browse your system for the sound file, select it, and click Open.
6. Click Ok to return to your workspace.
Music Library tracks can also be used as Slide Sounds.
1. To the right of the Preview, in the Slide Sound area, click the browse button.
2. Choose Select From Music Library from the menu that appears.
3. Select a sound effect or song and press the Add button. The track will be downloaded
and added to your slide.
4. Click Close to return to your workspace.
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You’ll know you’ve successfully added a sound effect to your slide when you see a red
waveform in your Soundtrack bar. You'll also notice a music icon appear on the slide
thumbnail.
As you add additional Slide Sounds to your show, the

tracks will alternate between red and yellow to help
you stay organized. When you play the show, you’ll
hear that sound effect right away as the slide it’s
attached to begin to play. You’ll also notice that
ProShow automatically decreases the volume of the
soundtrack so that you can better hear the sound
effect. This is a behavior that you can adjust if it doesn’t quite suit your preferences.
We’ll learn more about that later in this chapter.
Adding Sounds from a CD
Another way to add music or sound effects to your show is to use the Save Music from
CD option. This allows you to import music from an audio CD into your show. This
option is only recommended if you have the proper music licensing rights to use the audio
tracks for the purpose of making slideshows. Typically this will be referred to as "royalty-
free" or "rightscleared" music. If you are unsure whether or not you have the rights to use
music from a CD in a slideshow, please consult the source or publisher of your audio CD.
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To Save Music from a CD
1. Double click on the

Soundtrack bar open the
soundtrack options for your
show.
2. In the Soundtrack Tools pane,

select Save Music from CD
3. Select the tracks you wish to

import from the Available Audio
Tracks list
4. If you'd like to import the track(s) directly into your show, check the Import box.
5. Select the format you would like to save the files as, and select Save Track.
6. Choose a save location on your computer.
Controlling Soundtrack Volume
One of the more common problems when working with audio is that not all files are
created using the same base volume level. This means that some of your songs might be
louder than others, sometimes by very noticeable amounts.
You can deal with this and the general volume of your show by making changes to your
show volume and the volume of your individual tracks.
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To Adjust the Volume of a Show
1. Click on the Music icon in the either the Toolbar.
2. Select any track in the Soundtrack List and adjust the Master Volume slider just
below the waveform preview.
OR
• Double-click on the Soundtrack bar to open the Soundtrack options.
OR
1. Click on Audio in the Menu Bar.
2. Choose Manage Soundtrack from the menu that appears.
The Master Volume controls the overall volume level of the entire show. When you have
problems with different volume levels per track you will need to change these
individually.
To Adjust the Volume of a Track
1. Click on the track you want to adjust in the Soundtrack List.
2. Change the Volume slider which appears in the Track Settings pane just below the
waveform preview on the left.
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Each track in your soundtrack can be controlled individually so that you can decrease the
volume on one while you increase the volume on another. Working this way can help
make sure that the overall volume level of your audio is balanced.
Fade Times
Each Volume slider, aside from the Master Volume, also comes with a Fade In and Out
slider. These are used to set how long, in seconds, your audio will fade in from 0% volume
or fade out to 0% from whatever volume level you set.
Setting a fade time is based purely on personal preference, but it’s recommended that you
use at least the default of 0.1 second. This helps avoid pops or clicks that can occur when
one song or sound begins playing immediately without a volume change.
Setting Soundtrack Offset Times
Each of the tracks that you add to your Soundtrack List, as well as your Slide Sounds,
has an Offset option. This option is used when you don’t want a particular song or effect
to play right as another one ends.
An Offset is a time, in seconds, that ProShow will wait to play that song or effect. The
description says “from previous track”, but for the first track, this means "from the start
of the show".
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For example, if you set the Offset of the first track in your show to 5 seconds, the music
won't play until 5 seconds of your show has elapsed.
Offset is most valuable when you want some gaps in your audio. There are times when a
break from the end of one track to another can be used to great effect in your show. Adding
some time to the Offset of the following track will accomplish this.
Adding Narration to Slides
Slide shows are great places to create travel diaries or just add some narration to the show
you’re putting together. ProShow has the Record feature which is designed entirely to let
you create your own narration for a slide in just a few steps.
To Record a Voice-Over
1. Open the Slide Options for your slide.
2. Click on the Slide Sound tab
3. Be sure your microphone is connected, turned on, and working.
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4. In the slide information area to the right of preview, click the Record button and begin
speaking.
5. Click Stop when finished.
6. Click Done.
Your recording is saved as a digital audio file in the Ogg Vorbis format, and added to the
slide as the Slide Sound. You can use all of the same trimming and adjustment features
with a voice-over that you would with any other sound. If you have more than one sound
card or microphone, you may need to make sure you’ve chosen the correct device from
the Record Using dropdown list which appears in the Record Sound window.
Remember that you can also choose where that voice-over is saved by clicking Browse
next to the Save As field and selecting a location on your computer.
Editing Music and Sounds in ProShow
ProShow gives you a set of tools which you can use to edit the audio tracks that you add
to your shows. These tools let you pick certain clips of the audio, trim silence from a
song, or cut off a portion of the audio that you don’t want.
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In all cases, this tool is called Edit Fades and Timing, which is often referred to as the
Audio Trimmer.
Accessing Edit Fades and Timing for Audio
1. Open either the Soundtrack or Slide Sounds options.
2. Click on the Edit Fades and Timing button for the selected track, or slide sound.
Clicking on Edit Fades and Timing opens the Audio Trimmer window which is used
to make changes to your audio. The Audio Trimmer is the same whether you’re using it
to work with your Soundtrack or Slide Sounds options.
To Trim Silence from Audio
1. Open the Audio Trimmer.
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Clicking on Edit Fades and Timing opens the Audio Trimmer window which is used
to make changes to your audio. The Audio Trimmer is the same whether you’re using it
to work with your Soundtrack or Slide Sounds options.
To Trim Silence from Audio
1. Open the Audio Trimmer.
2. Adjust the Zoom slider to get a closer look at the sound file. As you move to the right,
you’ll be looking at smaller and smaller increments of time, down to 10ths of a second.
3. Move the Position slider all the way to the left so you can see the beginning of the audio
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file. Most likely, you'll notice that there is an area at the start of the waveform which is
flat. This is silence.
4. Click on the waveform where the silence ends and the waveform takes shape. A marker
will appear where you clicked.
5. Now click on the Set Starting Time icon in the playback controls area beneath the
waveform preview. The Start Playback indicator will appear at the point where your
marker was located.
6. Now move the Position slider all the way to the right so that you can see the end of the
audio.
7. Click on the waveform where the silence begins and the waveform becomes a flat line.
A marker will appear where you clicked.
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8. Click the Set Ending Time icon. The End Playback indicator will now appear at the
point where your marker was located.
9. Move the Zoom slider back to the left to see the entire sound file in the preview.
You will see that the playback indicators are now ignoring the silence at the start and end
of the track.
The areas which are going to be played are highlighted in blue. That will always be
between the Start and End Time Indicators. Everything that isn’t highlighted won’t be
heard during playback.
Click on Ok to apply the changes to your audio.
Note: these changes are non-destructive. Your original audio file will not be edited in any
way.
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EXERCISES

Information Bar Slide List Workspace Download Indicator
Soundtrack Add to Soundtrack File List Folder List Slide Sounds
a. Location of the music which you want to add to the show is in the
_____________.
b. In the main _____________, use the ______________ to browse to a folder
where your music is saved.
c. At the bottom of the window, you'll find the ________________.
d. Drag & drop the music from the ____________ to the _____________ bar
which appears beneath your ___________, or right click and choose
____________.
e. At the bottom of each track thumbnail you'll find __________ (Cloud Icon).
f. ___________ are just as easy to add to your show as music.
a. Which is the difference between Duration of Last Transition and Duration of

Last Slide?
b. If you want to apply fade out after many seconds which is the command?
c. Shortly tell steps which you follow to save music from the CD?
d. What is the difference of adjusting volume of the show and adjusting volume of
the track?
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e. How you can set 0% volume in fade in and 0% in fade out?
f. What do you understand with Offset time?
g. Explain steps of recording voice on proshow?
In the lab
Create a project and apply on it below features:
a. Add music from music library.

b. Add multiple music tracks.
c. Fade your soundtrack.
d. Add sound from CD.
e. Add a recorded voice.
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REFERENCES
[1] www.photoshopessentials.com (lastly visited on 28 June 2018)
[2] www.informationvine.com (lastly visited on 28 June 2018)
[3] www.creativeprogression.com (lastly visited on 28 June 2018)
[4] www.gcflearnfree.org (lastly visited on 28 June 2018)
[5] www.lynda.com (lastly visited on 28 June 2018)
[6] Sengeta Panchal, Alka Sabharwal, “Keyborad Windows 7 and MS Office 2013”, class 8,
Oxford Press, pg.130-162(2015)
[7] Photodex Corporation, “Proshow Gold”, 2016
[8] https://study.com/academy/lesson/hierarchical-database-model-definition.html (last visited 18
June 2018)
[9] http://www.computerbusinessresearch.com/Home/database/network-database-model (last

visited 20 June 2018)
[10] https://support.office.com/en-us/article/data-types-for-access-desktop-databases-df2b83ba-
cef6-436d-b679-3418f622e482 (last visited 21 June 2018)
[11] https://www.gcflearnfree.org/access2010/modifying-tables/1/ (last visited 22 June 2018)
[12] https://www.gcflearnfree.org/access2010/tables-how-to-create-calculated-fields-and-totals-
rows/1/ (last visited 19 June 2018)
[13] http://www.co.juneau.wi.gov/uploads/1/9/4/5/19459011/table2007.pdf (last visited 21 June

2018)
[14] https://support.office.com/en-us/article/introduction-to-tables-78ff21ea-2f76-4fb0-8af6-
c318d1ee0ea7 (last visited 20 June 2018)
[15] Sengeta Panchal, Alka Sabharwal, “Keyborad Windows 7 and MS Office 2013”, class 8,
Oxford Press, pg.7-55(2015)
[16] https://www.quackit.com/html/tutorial/ (last visited 19 June 2018)
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ICT

1.1. Database & DMS, Types of databases ................................................................ 4

1.2. Introduction to Microsoft Access ........................................................................ 9

1.3. Creating a Database ........................................................................................... 13

1.4. Setting Data Types ............................................................................................ 14

1.5. Review and practice .......................................................................................... 17

1.6. Opening an existing database ............................................................................ 19

1.7. Modify Table Design ........................................................................................ 21

1.8. Totaling and Sorting .......................................................................................... 24

1.10. Filtering and Searching Data ......................................................................... 33

1.11. Review and Practice ...................................................................................... 36

1.12. Creating a Table in the Design View ............................................................. 37

1.13. Field Properties Pane and Field Grid Pane .................................................... 39

1.14. Queries ........................................................................................................... 40

1.15. Exercises ........................................................................................................ 42

1.16. Forms ............................................................................................................. 44

1.17. Reports ........................................................................................................... 48

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) .......................................................................... 55

2.1. Creating Lists .................................................................................................... 55

2.2. Nesting Lists and Description Lists .................................................................. 65

2.4. Inserting image .................................................................................................. 68

2.5. Creating Tables ................................................................................................. 70

2.7. Linking .............................................................................................................. 76

2.8. Review & Practice ............................................................................................. 79

2.9. Inserting Audio and Video ................................................................................ 80

2.10. Creating Frames ............................................................................................. 83

2.11. Review & Practice ......................................................................................... 84

ADOBE DREAMWEAVER ......................................................................................... 86

3.1. Introduction to Dreamweaver ............................................................................ 86

3.2. Elements of Dreamweaver ................................................................................ 97

3.3. Adding text and images ................................................................................... 107

3.6. Rollover images, Image placeholder and image Maps.................................... 127

3.7. Review & Practice ........................................................................................... 133

3.8. Framesets and Frames ..................................................................................... 136

INTRODUCTION TO PHOTOSHOP......................................................................... 158

4.1. Introduction to Photoshop ............................................................................... 158

4.2. Selection tools ................................................................................................. 163

4.3. Review and Practice ........................................................................................ 167

4.4. Working with images ...................................................................................... 170

4.5. Transforming Objects ...................................................................................... 173

4.6. Exercises.......................................................................................................... 174

4.7. Retouching tools .............................................................................................. 180

4.8. Layer Essentials ............................................................................................... 183

4.9. Working with Text .......................................................................................... 191

4.10. Exercises ...................................................................................................... 193

4.11. Using filters, Filter gallery........................................................................... 196

4.12. Moving and warping text ............................................................................. 201

4.13. Review and Practice .................................................................................... 202

PROSHOW .................................................................................................................. 204

5.1. Introduction to Proshow .................................................................................. 204

5.2. Create slideshows ............................................................................................ 209

5.3. Transition Effects and filters ........................................................................... 219

5.4. Use editing tools .............................................................................................. 225

5.5. Add animated titles and text ............................................................................ 233

5.6. Add sounds and records .................................................................................. 251

REFERENCES ............................................................................................................ 273

1.1. Database & DMS, Types of databases

A database is a large, organized, and

1. Student records (name, surname, address, parent’s name) in a school

Database Management System

A database management system (DBMS) is the

What can be done using a Database Management System?

There are three types of database model that is widely used: