Z.2-] (a) Eq, 2. fi [k]- Bae E Vo-l] +e) ge]! -) ~ eel = fl 2 Lia i Exact | let 8 = elongation S= ( Nt shore A=At (e-EA, AE N . te d= Ae aAr(I4 ep) = pnts For 3=1, y= BEEN 1) [l= SED [| lF Now let e=2: Conventional? Exact? EASE! . we fy -1 (el--s42[ 1] tl-eee4e[! 7] $= Phe = 06,5493 PL (b) Feact : ane 3 08493 ar One el.! Ply Plr 8= GADE FOS GE F482 bw dues on ©" B(Lr/a) i L\. Ply Fhe (ds x5) 983 Ze Three els.' 2.91% low Plie/2) (ee a. * sda) $= 7.333 2000 * 067 é= Pe 139% low Four els. * 3: 2usa( 4 tessa) h7S 2:25 275. 3= 0.5849 FE 0.81% low22-2 CD Ty thyt hy kp mks Jl 1A ~ky ky O WW4or=4 vhs Oo ktks|lua} LR Example — column I+ k, ato ks TT i hee nla (b) kyr kth, ~k, ke Oo |i F -k, ky tk, ky -kg vk, [de | J -ke ele 2 ethics ole |e 5 ° -k, ke kytha | ua Fy Example — column 2: k, k, r kes * ¥2-2-3 Activate dof. in turn to unit value; each time caleulete loads that ‘therefore must be applied to the two eS om ae Yow Ss ob | (ut key, Ve 6 ia [tite = “las tie ‘ 24] “2k, ky2.2-4 rok Tal ft Sad qe a ba ! ZMnode 2 > 2M, ey eine i nen =O ies Ms oe 22 ZF,203 kee yO 5 Ker oor L 2F,=05 kai E et [ 4]22-5] Apply Ey. 22-9. (2) 1 -l olfo f, + -l 2 -1} % fFyo o -l 1} 200. ts 2" of, gives Ty = 100°C Meg. ques £,=-l00k/t 3% eq, gives £,> 100k/é i Eh o -l 1 % F Unlerowns are Tz, Ty, 4 r eq. gues = 200+ > 2 Substitute ints 3™ equation : gid 4 (200-78 + 15)=7 o. Ty = 40042 1 t x| Hence Tz = 400+ ot It eg, gives §=~Fke ¥ ie kL VhLe kth, kb kl kL t=| 6) Ceithedve Se) 1 vez! bhave (2k, L+kL)y, vkvg (2Lk +L, YO eet 1 4176k,+VEk, ‘Lek, 1 '2L6k, : kth, - (Ak, tk JL [= |eneke kth ye(@) Displacements at spring ends + lr ["** 1 2 Col. tof fe] uw, =1,6,2 a lym, 5 sn, Col. 2 of Lk]: u,20,A=1 4,240 ek b kb: _J and £0 on, FE ym, E Sm, ko -kb =k kb [ke] =] -*e key kb - ki ~ -k kb ko kb kb -ke® -kb keb*, b&b E- - 5) gree a babe, F M, k(u,- bO,-u,) k(4,~4,-b) no ae a 5 ~>4,+ b8, b+ uz Besos Uh Cy Chin Ch CaCEI in turn, 2k bk -2k bk ee tke bie bo ‘|-2k -bk 2k -bk bk 0 -bk bkZ,3-3 Ue Ua 4L Aetivate Ug one unit, then u, one mit. ke. fe 40 aa ks) aa eo (a) Chenge of angle at B rs fk ae +8 bao E: a fae bah « yt 2 Rye ke ke k kd = ket Toe To ~ ~ ke_ Ke l@l> IoL* ()a=l eT M Fek @=0 Fo mz-kb nee R (angle 6 is ~ actually small) k (b8) —t 0 k (20.6) R= k(226) m= b[k (e6)| tar +ke(zae)] [eb k (20%) +k (2a*yJe k ~kb Ik] = K vei]23-4 With force units N and length units mm, equilibriam consideratiins revide the force and moment at the right end, ¥ 400,000 __*400,000 200 200 Thus ky = 200, k= 400,000 , k 4,7 200, k,, = 400,000. By the symmetry of k, we also have the first row of k. On physical grounds, we aleo know that if we litt "not the left end but the right end by fmm, then 400,000 400,000 200 200 This gives row and colum 3 of k. So al ogether we know 200 © 400,000 -200 400,00 k = | 400,000 i 400,000) ~ =200 -400,000 200 400,000 400,000 =? = 400000?2.3-5' (a) Columa 2 use Fig. 2:3-ld (beam cantilevered from node 2 with anit rotation at nede!), 4 _ er L v,=0 at node 1 O- ear” : fal | hak O,,zlatnde {1 gan + See From which ky, = SEE y yy ten a Lr———C oe ae kat ha phab = kyb-k, a aa (b) Coen Bi use Fry, 23-le (beam cantilevered from node 1 with unit dteplacernont at nade 2), : = Aasl? kel” y= 43 W=| at node 2 = 2 + ae 4:30 at node 2 02 tak, fash From which k= BEE, hyy> ~SE2 IZE. ZR rO=hathss, bys = ose EM yde =O = hast hy t hash cer Oeics a es oe 01 42 use Fy. 23-18 (beam cantilevered From node 1 with unt rotation at node 2) 3 V2 0 at node 2 2 kak, brag l™ BEL 2EL Opes at nade 2 fe Heeb y teu 2er oer E. I From which ly 2 — ae : GEL ZA 0= kyths,, “hae? 7 DM yade = = eg t hag + beg lh feng “hgalMag = AF~ hee t oer bet ee © = for column éM, M, ea Gh te (@) Zz 2 From Eq, 23-6, with 1 and Oyo the active dof, Et, _[4+4, 2-4 ][ea | _[-Mo C+ dpl|2-4 4+, [les2) [M MeL 2Ely From ulich 9 = —ey,2~ (6) P__ (1+4,)PL 2° VY, * Ten 3 4 I2Etzk, | 26 [34 Minna. set ¢ AGL 3)EAR)L v _ (t384/*)PE _ /+38.4/% PL? pices) ee 12€ [34/2] 1972 a Pla No trans. shear deformation! V2= Jaze L=8: yW=1GG 3 375% from shear Lele: v,2 IST, 13.0% from shear L= 32% v,=/.03750, 3-672 from shear © ye CiteyPe rel GE IZEL, +] 12eI, I2ET, AGL™ _- [AG ae AG [ase * ks] pe Loot 4 Ter (as in elementary beam theory) 5p PL Lo: yo ae ks2,3-8 Bat for torsional stiffness of members, the problem would be the same as Yhe following plane problem : er iE BL 8B le) Le — pj for which v= BE at B For the given problem, nate that 8,74 at B, Stiffnesses of the two members add. Includmg torsional stiffness anal letting @= Ox =, at B, we have ! a 2 REL Ger Ve P oer 461 , GK] 6, ~ 2 2 +ask 8 oO Cer Seemed eq, gwes Og ~Get+aRyL? Then first eg, gives -. put [r 3 I’ Ve == ~ GK 24eEr 4+ T section! partial vestrawt of cross sectinn warpnag will be presewt at A B, and C. Restraint will inevease forsimat stiffness as compared with forepoing eg- uation and Yherefore reduce | AShortening = (eos 6 = € Axial force = N= AB Fy = Fg t N= aE. i Ft <-Fa* sv = AE es So column 1 of te Is FE le* es -c* -es[’ So column 2 of [k] is — les s* -es -<| Similarly for coluuins 3 ane 4- of [k].24-2 (a) Axial force = N= ae 8, where 5 is the axial deformation, Nodal frees B/S F, Ne RI] Ns | c= 656 F é R{"}-w s=sing B RJ bo Write this column for each of the following cases, whose axial deforma - tims are respectively cu,, Sv,, Uz, and zero, uy With uy,%y Hr, Ye each unity, we get c* cs -¢ O Vj-4E;es s* -Ss 0 tl L]-c -s | 0 OO o 02.4-3 Let k= AE/L (x) g=L2 DOF. + 4; ve w Arial comp. Lydz mvyz we for bar on x" axis Axwl force) kag deve kris 4,2 force kha klymve kine magnitudes comps. at} elm lemPvy ken we node. i; Pea) kbate kamaye kn ws Hence. 2 2 4 dyn, hn 4 ht har, ee eae eee ath ies Lin, myn AR dan I = z HE 42 adam oda, =k tor ar “Lym, me -mm Lym, me min hn =m 8 Lammy oe 7) : 1-14 om ny wre, [$3 332.3] = 24 mon, ~4 -% 7 Li4-m -h 4m 4, (e)= [ZT (KK 172) cives same [Ig] as in part (a),EE ; matrix te trensform ts [hf] = (3 ' ‘| k, "Cel Dep elt) eF(vcstr)= (4 zi. aki (oe a PELE cieeet) trY coe 1ern)=[4 a el [Parte ol ofl fet =tenfs} erem=[6 [Qtr 25] (A) («| . [' ats = mf] int (ng1ir})= lo Ale, “te [ts tHe)L were] =Gee ae reer [hy {4h= ae ae 4 ds dy Dy a, Ge aal\ld, ad Da bb, bs |fda| da Oe [kL ldh=| be bs befdse 4-2 b, by ball} 47 Po Reorder, expand, and add, a, 4, O 4% o 0 0 D, Qa, 44 O ae), bg be by Dy 0 000 be be by} || Oz 44% 0 % 6, b, b, Dy ee i] eo o°25-2 AC C AC c _ ¢ oc isl ee AB B B C¢ CC B BC BEC Cc Cc 8B Be &C AC c [Rf | a8 Bc BCI2.5-3 No rotatiomal connection af the hinge — r retain two O2 dof. there, so {DI=|V¥ Ga 4u] ' cumnsiccmmaimal! ve vt 12/a> -bfa* O|V (k]zete|-oar 44 0 | 4s oO 0 Ol ee lee eae eeaaeae eee Ox, ty I2/h5 O -6/e*) Vv ee -cfe> 0 4/b\ Oy tofae ie) be Cae | Cea fo} [k]l=en] -eA? t/a -6/6* } 4/o | ex,25-4] a= AE/L b=eL/3 — i 2x1 ai aio Oo o| uy O 12b -6bL O}F>Y [k]- é O -GbL 4bE 0} 4%) oO Oo O| &2 MP Or GbL 6bL uy ifs } a oO oO we L Gil 0. | 4bla | okies | On | vez cGhL 0 abl* 461" | & Add, get atlab ° } ° ° atl2h -6bL ° gis GbL -cbL = bl 2b GbL ° ani 46L]ay 4s er, |'2 6% 0 | Me al Ge | Co 40% 0 | Ove A oO a O} O20 oes Cc De B © 0 Ou EI, z = Oo 4b" 26°|6,, O 20 46) “en 12 0 alu Ug El (g lo 0 0 | be ] rE D [I<] = Sam of the above [24/e2 6 6/2 ]us Il en] c/a 4art/e a/o [exe cfr fe tar fo]25-6 Sign changes in [k] of Ey, 2.3-S* «In columns 3 and 4 (because directims of dog, are reversed) *In vows 3 and 4 (because directions of loads are reversed) Thus ky, and Kyg. end up positive. Awkward because dof. don’t maleh when elements are assembled. he vie If Vand ® are global dot, must change signs again in left-hand element to make its {4} match {D}.25-7 P 2 44 czas d Bar !-2! Eg,2.4-6, ob ; s=sin with @=¢% ! 3 ? c* es -c™ ~es | uy [kl- Ae eS eer eco a wi L | -c®# -es c® cs |e -¢s -s*™ 6S s* |] vy Bar 2-3: Ey. 24-6, with @=-é ct -es ces Je - 2 _s re] AE oa cs -s* | Ve k]="T}-c* csc? -esluy cs -st -es s*| Ve Omit rows and columns corresponding to fixed dat. U,,Vi Ug, Vz and sum overlapping terms at node 2. ne lece S | o , Wro Member elongation 2 e=yysing =%S eae ee ee €- 7 ="BAes TEE BAS ss 6-0 (according f5 linear small-displacement Yreory)Be (a) [4 % a ‘Ua Ve ea = Ja oie athe, ¢s| where ¢), C2, ¢q are constants, and Cz must be small. () [a vy 7 ‘ae Ye We Gea Oy2. 2|* la ce er oy oe ee! athe cele Ce oe | where constants Ce and Cg mast be small.26-2 [ey Za a ~ = Ni —— ee , co.“ 2 -£ f [a eer He Ma 62| = [0 Om -2 0 7 | Lk ig} # {2} because Lk] is based on the original (undeformed, undisplaced) geometry, and S078 @ good approximation only if deformations and yolational displacements are small.2.6-3 8 oe, (a) nie cl -3 °, 343 af where ¢, is « constant (8) {Re q|4a 3a ta 0 0 of where Cz 7s a small constant (e) (Bie o|4a 0 ta 3a 0 za where cz is a small constant (d) Yes: there are no wlues f the ci such that the {DY}; sum to zero. (e) {a}=[-7 3 -4 0 0-4)" gies the displaced structuve as ie" 2 cummed This is rigid-bo 4y displacement, | but Teltoy eb 2} fer the reasom stated in Problem 2.672.[22-4] (a) We get row-sams (or column-sums, due to symmetry of Tk) from TkNd1 with (Ayer, but this {4} is not vigid-body motion, ()fdtser cg cg e-Res cat Rey a] where the cz are constants and c; must be small, «) fi ° } 0 ! ° 6k? od? aL I ° -R o ! R oO O where cz is a small constant. The latter vector ts rigrd-body rotation about the mode at x24 0,AG-S (a) We get row-sams (or coluwn-sams, due To symmetry of [I<) from LKU2} with {op=[P err fy but thrs {D} is nol rigid-body motton. i) : (Melon & aha a arith al wheve the ¢: are constants and e, 1 small. (c) Po) 4 = Direction of middle force arrow 7s upward, as shown, ff L,>Lo- fd}=la vyoa vit let c,, ¢,, ¢3 be constants, with Cz a small rotatron, (@) _tv pe 4, L Ug (djslo cg qtle,l” Vz (b) y, Uy @ {4} Jor ee G-csL sing atcslese | (c) 4 Uy & “ uw d}=[c ce cespeasing ~G8in B+ cos B + gt}(a) With ng restraints it 7s possible fe overcenstrain one motion while at the same time underconstramm another, Examples, using beam elements : RD! nga, dot, u,v, 0, at each node [ay 2 3 [+ 5 x4 rer yaa re Only. v,, Va, Va constrained 3D: eo cae ng = 6, dod. U,V, w, Ox, ,0, at each node. only & (or 6, Bg) restrained at each node, (b) Always restrain u,v, @& af nede |, Also restram® CY w, Oe, Op at node 1, or @) w, Ox, at node. 2, or (3) w &, ey at mde 3, or (4) w at modes | and 2, 6, at node Z, or (5) w at nodes | and 2, 6, at node 3, or Uw at node 2,2, at node I, & at mode 3, Ete. Strain energy in a linearly elastic structure due te gradually applied Ab-F loads {R} ts {DY RY /Z, exp: for a smgle load F, f D pL Uswork=[ #48 = BD | 5 3 Cr U = 5 {DF TK TDF27-1 (f= 2 () k—1 — From Eq. 23-5, Tay ie C/ ial iW R. e| y Ke jf a} ) Ofte tft NW P2) Me Set v= % io live Ev, ni - , _ 3% _ ex! Heal Weer ef FS Oen~ FE re eee £9, (A) then gives Ra> © EV - & Sp] = SEB : ie 2 Beam Yheory Oe Re ; - BL él, 8, 2 2 A ceeeeneeee eee z= R -* 3ES2 Yee 3 (2) 3, Fron Fy, 23-5, 2er,|2 | e,|_)M L ( Zi.) [M2 (8) set 6,-8, zen)! offen] | eg a 9 «Be Zo 2ile,J |-2818,/z) # 21 = Gai O3= ~ & 3EIn = Eq, (8) then gives M2 2E ls [28.- &|= = 2, These results appear in Tables of beam deflections.2.7-2 For k,=k, =k =k, P=0, Ey. 2.7-8 is Bae 136 -043 048 ]{u, [: k\-0.48 0.64 -o64lKy,$=40) (A) 0.4% -0.64 164]\Vs} lO 2 XU t Impose u,=¢,v,=0 by method of Ey 2.7-6 10 0 fu, ck uy ce klo 1 o hyps Cc ayMte o Oo 0 1.64]\| vz -0.48ek V3 - 0.2927 Use the latter vector on Yhe left-hand side & Ey, (A). 136 ~0.48 0.48 c L22ck | — k|-04¢ 0.64 -064 ° =4-0.2927ck) — i! 0.48 -0.64 1.64]|-0.2927c ° (b) Return to Eg, 25-10 with k,=k, =k, =k and xt r i2ts[< 0 0 © 6 -02927.| Hence [is et+{a] 9. This is the stiffness seen by a; when node 2 is free te move, So members | and 2 are in a ~G 12 ~6l} ds f=h24+ 0 -6 blluy, ° 2° eliminatron s a 24 oO F ~6)\ us pay 3e ° oO Alu, 24 series (for which k=3), Stiffness k=3 adds fo stiffness k=G of member 3, After the second elimination, Ky, > 2, This 7s the stiffness seen by node 4 when nodes 2 and 3 are treed, se thal node 4 sees ‘all three members in series, for which ertttes and hence k=2, (c) I iteratron — 2 teratron 3™ rferatim — 44 eration U,= 2 4,7 4.625 U2 y= 6.9375 423 Uy 209875(a) Given eqs. 1" elimination a -l -1 \lu } oF al | a kl or OWE kl o 2/3 -i/aueh= Pio. 2) \Us O o -t/z 5/3\\43 24 elimination Back substitution : Se lice ° ku; = $5 > 43 O 2/3 -I8\\a. 05) Be ku,t [ars o 0 xl) (Bf! (b) Given 4B} I*elimenation 24 elimination F F; Fi 1 f : op —> yifap —> 4 FB =Fyt/s ° F/s F/3+ Efe V2 Back substitution huge E24 wi), (2/8 kag: [5 EE Ce eealaee “Ze 43s 4, k 1/3 1 5 hays el Se2,3-F Given eqs. 1% elimination (2) ie - 3-1 -1 o]fa) fo 3-1-1) Ojfu, yf 2 rh uel |] & ,|° % -¥w -! va “1o-) 3 -t ffusf fof’ 0 -4/2 t/3 -1|\u,(~ O -t ~1 2jluy 0 O = =) 2% 2° elimination 3% climination Zl) -1 6 lfu ° ZB -1 -t ofa, o 8/3 -Afz -1 |) RE oO 3&8 -4/3 -I \lun o 0 2 -3Bl\si")RAL’ “lo oO 2 -%allus 0 oO -3/2 13/\\%) ae 0 0 © Yallua Back subsfitation fete ee 3%) = NF “ M008 Jif. 3 3h) - NA ia alee an 135 “LB ies 3 41%, 3h)]-/8h ee relieos kus $[6¢ ¥ e+ 3] ¥ ay [ok )as7s 13F . UP 1.500 jen SP] os (b) Given 48} Mlelim. 24 el 3” elim. F F, F, 5 oO 5/3 E/3 5/3 a B/3 FA /o Rife | oJ }° ifs F /8+38 /s Back substitution uy ' a, A 1 a;[ kjt og mo oom meme =2.8-10 (> [ise -048 0.48 ][u) [0 0.4% 0.64 -0.04 RY, 6 =4-P/k 0.43 -0-64 L64llv| Lo Divide row | by 136, then mult. by 648 £0.48 resp. add te yous 2 & 3, ! ~ 0.3524 0.3529 |[w oO 0 06,4706 -0,4706 |\vi }=}-P/k 0 -0.4706 1.4766\|vs oO Add row 2 to row 3, then divide row f by 0.4706. 1 6.3524 0.3529 ||U }° 0 1 =l hy pa4-2.125P/ ° % -P/k Back- 0 1 substitute, P/k 2.125 P/k - P/k =-3.125 P/k U, = 0.35.24 (-3.125 P/k)-0.3524 -P/k) = -0.75 P/k V. “i (b) Use Eq, 25-10 Pa? id- (0.75 £y + | =0.75P t= Ho-CR))-P p.= kl-0.26 (0.752) +048 (3125£) +0.36(0)-0.49( zy =-0,75P [2 2hcow 0.75 2 SN, BRO N+ DMy= 0.258 (#)-P(3) 20-7 O75P la NW, P P2.4-] (2) One element — nodal bet. are Je 9) —————+|_ zer0, so the only, contribution te stress is element stress, which gi from elementary. mechanses of ($2) rom elemen are mechanls o (> materials 7s as shown, L (e) pe de tle 4 . 7 een 3 ee iL L a a. ee aaa) WEG Gn gk 4A (em) = gh Stress due to u, 44 £h A i oj Element stress Sy} gt a 7] eb nn +) oO Sum of the twobE ha # 88h (canerstent nodal led) aia =e k——— 2. ———4 7 o - i; @ Stress ns to Un + ms = Element stress = 7 ye gh ) i (+ Sum of the two —! prs L gf I 4, z= aa = ae L Gat B= on 43°: Ze O72 ° oF gh 24 ; Element stress =)z Vertical deflection at center node ge is the onlg nonzero d.o.f. 7 al = I2Er 7 2 - 2SF Fa, ya fo or veo =-M= & 2 gk My= M,=-M, = ET(-B) y= HE = ge 16 ZoO™m™— vie 7 Sati + aw w yt . ——_ Fo > oO oO ™ Element moments ZS 9724 a de the two [7 XY pia (endl) st,LE = LE ey Me doe pina 1/2 2 ea oct REL” BEL 2047 gly -16:7% L,/2 = gH —— +3223 Le exact \ athe pak V= renter force * Yond force * Yond seomeit elaHe wk L (Ly Ve (436 + feats ls SEL L* (2L) “(E £2 (ie Se) Erle* a Stas v= BE Me Os Brel) #e ms 23h 3g oA7i gh 4,23 ede $y Omit Yond moment From foregoing v= (Ee » £)- gL" sors tlt @ 3) GEL 4929 Derr eitee Me gllt)+ B-an=2gl- BE eact2.9-5| @) {Vo 2L +I (3. [KT {R= dels e ie] where 7 oe ne eens -2) a: Pa? FIZ\2 ©@ 26I, (b fe}. [ete aed ae 3L fa). Bal. (| 3 ©) Beam theory! v, = 35 Pa FE le) FE 4 3) : are 4 2as P(E -f) 3el, Deflection ratios? in part (a), unity [part la) exact | LL In part (be), ratte = S76 es 2 crs 5 Vy ratio €1,\2 é) part (Lb) Lo|----S part (a) ° OS fo Lb (d) Beam Mreory? M,= Pa Moment ratio, ‘pet @): from FEA, Me enl(& = i (L- $)* (2)28z]- moment ratio =#(@-¢) B(2-¢) And in part (b): from FEA, ms ex ((e)Pee +C2) ea lepa, moment rate =! (exact) m rete part(s) part Ca) 10 075|---s rekK—L GAB (right element only) 3 =-Ex et p= lagl= acne Tn Ey. 210-3, set u, 20 and Hs =O, Thus ae[2 -'fu.]_ [P-ean(nrny/2 Lit i jlas} ~ BAK (T+) /2 PL, uy Pb aL Ete Zz from which Ue Fe 17 of Eys, 20-3 then gues H,=—P Stresses! : e G,7& — + (2er) = z a G47 ee 0, = Bx Ee + (en 24h) ov2.) EE fe Lake be xu Exact solution: compute axial force P that negates tree Hhermal expansion, Lya AT = ("Bde 7 El; a 7 Thermal loads at nodes 2 and 3 are FEE A(rae%) lo 7 we ie Ply x er ss = t re 3 KE(A)AT AE(L3ANAT 0.2KEA,AT|oT ~ 4 EA (00) dn (14 ox) 3. 3 r 5 : PL. LpXAT = Lalo =0,783 a hae a O.GEA, KE(h3A)4T «ESAT 0.2% EA,AT| ° i P= 1.2774 LAAT (compressive) kis given by Eg, 2.2-7, with A : 4's 7 ’ location _A PA being 1A, , 3 Ae, and LSA, for the — ——_— spective, elements, nega Ay = 1277 k EAT ae 1 it © 0) foo o o}| ct las - tol xB ar Ka ME ba nto olzlo uz-iz0]| mez (2A, - 064 KE AT "TE \lo © oo] Jo-13 130 el2 «3A, -0.992 KB AT 0 0% 6 ° 0° node 3 L4Ay -0912 «EAT 000 0 acl out? el3 NSA, -O,%8) x E AT +{0.0 0 0 {l= ]+ 24-13. nodet LCA, -0.299 KE AT 0 O15 -18 Lj. -n3 28+ OOnS 15. ee ee aEAr For the nonzero dot, u, and uz FE } Ak [2-4 -h3] fue] _f-o.2 12 a foe = xEA, AT C |-13 2.8 {las} |-o.2 1.0 Solve? {4a} _ pp arf Ole3 8 {i= a 0.147 6 Initial stress is -E & AT in each el. |’ 7 each element: Cae oe BR 452-1168 EXxAT + os 6 8 =-0.484E KAT °6 dr abe ee e L 3 3 Brk eG Nodal average stresses Node 2, out =- 1.074 Ex OT Nede 3, o,+% ee =-OSSZE LATHeat bar 2 only. Th Yhat bar, 36 %=-EaT, F=]4q)= BART ® 4a, Eq, 2.7-8 becomes ® & | kt 036k, 048k, 048k, a O.6F oe | -0.48k, O.6tk, ~O.6¢k, \{v p=4-O3F tees 048k, -0.64k, k,2004K,|[¥) Loar where ky = GE Solutim is (uy ° YP 4-6.25aKnT % ° Bar stresses: 0;=0, 0,20, anol 2 979, a? E- (0.8)(¢.25axT)+ (-ExT) = 02dl-1 First case (symmetric loads) F a Fe 4 7 as Ae ed Consider right half to get deflection of A relative to B F 2 2 | B _ (Fada Fat _ 4Fa CA 77 c A= —pyp-° * yep 7 Ber ret ’a Second case (antisymmetric loads) c_ {fF B oa A er Again conseder right hall Cpls A= F (2a YP Fat Ci ia eer. GEL . _ 3fa?_ 3 P 2) 3PL* a me 6)" ber ~ 2652 \¢/ ~ 25eEF POsL/ay(L/4y PL? Handbook forviuala? sere * DeceF LAt top node, us0 and &= [PY \ Rat bettom node, U=0 and 720 ~M,/2— (he only lead term) Also prevent out-of-plane motion: at (sag) top node, set We 28 =O.@) Symmetric case * Restrain at x=0: U, 04,02 Zero loads af x=0: g- direction Transverse shear force z-direction Transverse shear force porque (b) Antisymmetric Case: Restram at x=0: y, w, 8 Bere boads al x20; x-directiom force moment My moment My so [210-4) With ne deformation, stress is ~ExT on top surface, +EAT om boltom surface. The associated bending i os: 2 moment 7s LCL Lee - Zeattet @) ~——=> is fe =) My. foe which ns He, k—1 I Mab er a= o With’ y = ,20, Eq, 2:4-4 gives a 6 12xy M31 2, 6xy ™L)|_ m= er((& NSE) (Br sel + TA =r for all x Net M, trom nodal died. + Tempemlure chenge, is 2ero, so zero stress 1s predicted. (6) _ 4er 3 = Ving for which a,2-M,, 6,2-Mab kK—) I M. 2 AEL With 8, the only. nonzero d.of., Ey, 24-4 gives wer % 4 SEV MgL) . Mal) 3x ce ae is oe) 2 a) Met M, including 111 rem temperature change, Fs mM. 3x), (i B) em, = Ma(i- 2) = eareel-¥) On the top surfece, = ie oa-—=s Cc aye Tepe exTte (-#)21-4 Dok, restrained: Le symelry ——antisymuctry a) thweo os 7 Symmetry wir. 70,70 x=O and n=Dd planes \* Arply loads Pa te NO nedés on symm. planes. () 4|_weo Symmetey word, x=0 plane 970) WoO Antisgmmetny w.nd, =0 plane w=” ply loads P/2 te 8470 Medes Oe Could go further : cut the quadrant in half by an x-parallel lane 5 impose Symmetry (8,=0) along Yhis cut. eda tcn Symetry wird, 7 n=0 plane bee Antisqmmet = wrt. x=0 plane Antisy wimetry wert, x20 and n=O planes21-5] D.o§, restrained: (J ce symmetry. antisymmetry Analyze the followrng fur cases, with each! load = P/4, Onty quedrent (eg. Yhe first) need’ be feat af. Dellectians in quadrants 2, 3,4 can can be obtatned from deflections in quadrant | by use of the symmetry and antisymmetry cond tions noled, t + * x =0 on x= Ee eelleng 8,20 on x= plan yo) "ike @,=0 on y=0 plane 6,20 on ioe wid = w-x) wn=-wCx) w(y)= wg) wly)= wl-y) aaa iaas Lr 3} Jon x= 0 plane oe aT open) CPB WO) on ys oplane wx) = wx) wix)= ead) wlg)=- Cg)