Ro

ber
tMo
ogwa
sanAme
ri
cani
nve
nto
rwh
ode
vel
ope
dth
eMo
ogS
ynt
hes
ize
r.I
twa
son
eoft
hef
i
rst
s
ynt
hes
iz
erst
oga
inwi
des
pre
adu
sea
samu
sic
ali
nst
rume
nt.
Moo
g’ss
ynt
hes
ize
rswe
rea
n
i
mpo
rta
ntp
aLi
neo
fmu
sic
ali
nno
vat
i
oni
nro
cka
ndj
azzmu
sici
nth
e19
60sa
nd1
970s
.Ro
ber
tAr
thu
r
Mo
ogwa
sbo
rni
nQu
een
s,ab
oro
ugho
fNe
wYo
rkCi
t
y75y
ear
sag
o.Heb
eca
mef
asc
ina
tedwi
t
h
e
lec
tro
nic
sasat
een
age
r,p
art
i
cul
ar
lya
nea
rl
yel
ect
ron
icmu
sici
nst
rume
ntc
all
edt
het
her
emi
n.
Mo
ogs
tud
iedp
hys
ica
nde
lec
tri
cal
eng
ine
eri
nga
tQu
een
sCo
ll
egea
ndCo
lu
mbi
aUn
ive
rsi
t
y,b
othi
n
Ne
wYo
rkCi
t
yan
dla
terr
ece
ive
daPh
.D.
ine
ngi
nee
ri
ngp
hys
icCo
rne
lUn
ive
rsi
t
yinI
t
hac
a,Ne
wYo
rk.
I
n19
54,
whi
l
est
i
lla
nun
der
gra
dua
tes
tud
ent
,Mo
ogf
orme
dhi
sownc
omp
anyt
ose
llt
her
emi
nsa
nd
t
her
emi
nki
t
s.

S
oona
fte
r,Mo
ogb
ega
nwo
rki
ngo
nak
eyb
oar
din
str
ume
ntt
hatc
oul
dre
pli
cat
eth
eso
undo
fan
y
mu
sic
ali
nst
rume
nte
lec
tro
nic
all
y.Wo
rki
ngwi
t
hAme
ri
canc
omp
ose
rHe
rbe
rtDe
uts
ch,
Moo
g
i
nt
rod
uce
dth
epr
oto
typ
eMo
ogS
ynt
hes
ize
ratac
onv
ent
i
oni
n19
64.
Thed
evi
cer
epr
ese
nte
da
s
ign
if
ic
anta
dva
nceo
verp
rev
iou
sel
ect
ron
ics
ynt
hes
ize
rbe
cau
seo
fit
sus
eofn
ews
emi
con
duc
tor
t
ech
nol
ogy
,wh
ichma
dei
tsma
ll
era
ndc
ons
ide
rab
lyc
hea
pert
hane
arl
i
erma
chi
nes
.Th
eMo
og,
asi
t
wa
skn
own
,wa
sso
oni
nde
man
dbymu
sic
iana
llo
vert
hewo
rl
d.

I
n19
64,
Moo
gbe
ganac
oll
abo
rat
i
onwi
t
hAme
ri
canc
omp
ose
ran
dor
gan
istWa
lt
erCa
rl
os(
nowWe
ndy
Ca
rl
os
),wh
ore
lea
sedt
heb
est
sel
l
in
gel
ect
ron
icmu
sica
lbu
mSwi
t
che
d-OnBa
chi
n19
68.
Roc
kgr
oup
s
s
ucha
sth
eBe
atl
esa
ndYe
san
dja
zzmu
sic
ian
ssu
cha
sHe
rbi
eHa
nco
cka
ndCh
ickCo
reab
ega
n
i
nco
rpo
rat
i
ngMo
ogS
ynt
hes
ize
rin
tot
hei
rre
cor
di
ngs
,at
ren
dth
ati
ncr
eas
edwh
ent
hec
omp
any
i
nt
rod
uce
dth
eco
mpa
cta
ndp
ort
abl
eMi
ni
moo
gin1
970.
AMo
ogS
ynt
hes
ize
rwa
sal
sop
romi
nen
tl
y
f
eat
ure
dont
hes
oun
dtr
ackt
oth
emo
vieACl
ock
wor
kOr
ang
ein1
971
.En
cyc
lop
edi
aofWo
rl
d
Bi
ogr
aph
y,2008

1
.Th
ewo
rd“
pro
min
ent
l
y”i
npa
rag
rap
h3c
ane
asi
l
yber
epl
ace
dby…

(
A)s
ign
if
ic
ant
l
y
(
B)p
erf
ect
l
y
(
C)a
ccu
rat
el
y
(
D)e
xce
ll
ent
l
y

2.
Thep
ass
aged
esc
ri
best
her
emi
nasa
/an…

(
A)p
rot
oty
peo
fMo
ogS
ynt
hes
ize
r
(
B)i
ni
ti
ale
lec
tro
nicmu
sici
nst
rume
nt
(
C)mu
sic
ali
nst
rume
ntt
ore
pli
cat
eth
eso
und
(
D)i
nst
rume
nto
fel
ect
ron
ict
ool

3.
Thep
ron
oun“
it
”pa
rag
rap
h2r
efe
rst
o…

(
A)e
lec
tro
nics
ynt
hes
ize
r
(
B)ak
eyb
oar
din
str
ume
nt
(
C)p
rot
oty
peo
fMo
ogS
ynt
hes
ize
r
(
D)n
ews
emi
con
duc
tort
ech
nol
ogy

4.
Acc
ord
ingt
oth
epa
ssa
ge,
all
oft
hef
ol
lo
win
gar
etr
uea
bou
tTh
eMo
og,
EXCEPT
…

(
A)i
twa
sin
ven
tedb
yRo
ber
tMo
og
(
B)i
twa
sfi
rs
tin
tro
duc
edi
n19
64
(
C)i
ti
ni
ti
at
edn
ewt
ech
nol
ogywh
ichwa
ssma
ll
era
ndc
hea
pert
hanp
rev
iou
s
(
D)i
twa
sth
efi
rs
tsy
nth
esi
zeri
nth
ewo
rl
d

5.
Thep
ara
gra
phf
ol
lo
win
gth
epa
ssa
gemo
stl
i
kel
ydi
scu
sse
s…

(
A)c
oll
abo
rat
i
onb
etwe
enT
heMo
oga
ndo
the
rmu
sic
ian
s
(
B)t
hed
esc
ri
pt
io
nofc
omp
acta
ndp
ort
abl
eMi
niMo
og
(
C)t
hei
mpr
ove
men
tofMo
ogS
ynt
hes
ize
r
(
D)t
ren
dint
hemu
sici
ndu
str
yab
outs
ynt
hes
ize
r

6.
Thema
ini
deao
fpa
rag
rap
hth
reei
s…

(
A)t
heMo
og’
sco
ll
abo
rat
i
oni
nmu
sicf
i
eld
(
B)t
heMo
ogi
nth
emo
vies
oun
dtr
ack
(
C)t
hei
nt
rod
uct
i
ono
fMi
ni
moo
g
(
D)t
hec
oll
abo
rat
i
ono
fTh
eMo
ogwi
t
hmu
sicg
rou
ps

T
hro
ugh
outh
ist
ory
,pe
opl
eha
veb
eent
hev
ict
i
mofp
ick
poc
ket
s.T
oda
y,p
ickp
ock
eti
ngi
sth
eon
eof
t
hemo
str
api
dl
yin
cre
asi
ngc
ri
mes
.Pi
ckp
ock
etsa
rei
ncr
eas
ingi
nnu
mbe
ran
dde
vel
opi
ngb
ett
er
me
tho
dst
oLi
nep
rac
ti
cet
hei
rsk
il
l
.Ap
pro
xima
tel
yon
emi
l
li
onAme
ri
can
slo
semo
neyt
opi
ckp
ock
ets
e
ver
yye
ar,
andn
onei
sre
all
ysa
fef
romas
kil
l
edp
ick
poc
ket
s.Hi
svi
ct
ims
,or‘
mar
ks’
ast
heya
re
c
all
ed,
canb
eri
cho
rpo
or,
you
ngo
rol
d.

Du
ri
ngt
hee
igh
tee
nthc
ent
ury
,pi
ckp
ock
etswe
reh
ang
edi
nEn
gla
nd,
lar
gec
rowd
sofp
eop
lewo
ul
d
g
ath
erwa
tcht
heh
ang
ing
,wh
ichwa
ssu
ppo
sedt
obeawa
rni
ngt
oot
herp
ick
poc
ket
s.Ho
wev
er,
in
t
i
met
hep
rac
ti
cewa
sdi
sco
nti
nue
d.T
her
eas
on:wh
il
epe
opl
ewe
rea
tte
nti
vel
ywa
tch
ingt
heh
ang
ing
o
fap
ick
poc
ket
s,o
the
rpi
ckp
ock
etss
kil
l
ful
l
yst
ol
eth
emo
neyo
fsp
ect
ato
rs.

Po
li
ceo
ff
ic
ial
sayt
hatt
hemo
ste
ffi
ci
entp
ick
poc
ket
sco
mef
romS
out
hAme
ri
ca.
Man
yoft
hes
e
e
xpe
rtp
ick
poc
ket
sar
etr
ai
nedi
nsp
eci
als
cho
olc
all
ed‘
J
ing
leBe
llS
cho
ols
’.
Api
ckp
ock
et’
sgr
adu
ate
f
romJ
.B.
Swh
enh
eisa
blet
ost
eal
awa
ll
etf
romad
res
sesd
ummy(
man
neq
uin
)th
ath
asb
ell
sin
sid
e
i
t
spo
cke
ts.
Ev
ent
hemo
stwe
lld
res
sed
,re
spe
cta
blep
ers
onma
ybeap
ick
poc
ket
.So
meo
fth
efa
vor
it
epl
ace
sof
p
ick
poc
ket
sar
eba
nks
,ai
rp
ort
s,r
ace
tra
ck,
sup
erma
rke
ts,
ele
vat
ors
,an
dtr
ai
nan
dbu
sst
ati
ons
.
Of
ten
ti
mesap
ick
poc
ketwi
l
lwo
rkwi
t
han
oth
erp
ick
poc
ket
sash
isp
art
ner
.An
oth
erk
indo
f
p
ick
poc
ket
swo
rkso
uts
ideo
rin
sid
eba
rsa
nds
pec
ial
i
zei
nst
eal
i
ngf
romwo
meni
sca
ll
eda‘
pur
se
s
nat
che
r’
.

T
oav
oidb
ein
gth
evi
ct
imo
fap
ick
poc
ket
,i
t’
simp
ort
antt
obev
eryc
aut
i
ousa
nda
ler
twh
eni
nth
e
mi
dsto
fla
rgeg
ath
eri
ngo
fth
epe
opl
e.

7
.Th
ebe
stt
i
tl
efo
rth
epa
ssa
gewo
ul
dbe
…

(
A)Pi
ckp
ock
etsa
rewe
lld
res
sed
(
B)J
i
ngl
eBe
llS
cho
ols
(
C)Pi
ckp
ock
ets
(
D)T
heh
ang
ingo
fpi
ckp
ock
ets

8.
Theh
ang
ingo
fpi
ckp
ock
etswe
ren
otc
ont
i
nue
dbe
cau
se…

(
A)t
heywe
rel
ar
gec
rowdo
fpe
opl
e
(
B)i
twa
sag
ain
sth
uma
nit
y
(
C)t
hep
oli
cewe
ren
ota
tth
eha
ngi
ng
(
D)i
twa
sno
tef
fec
ti
vet
ost
opp
ick
poc
ket
i
ng

9
.Pi
ckp
ock
eti
ngi
s…c
ri
me.
(
A)a
nol
d
(
B)amo
der
n
(
C)at
emp
ora
ry
(
D)ac
ont
emp
ora
ry

1
0.T
hep
ass
ageme
nti
onst
hatp
ick
poc
ket
sst
eal
in/
fro
mth
efo
ll
owi
ng,
exc
ept

(
A)c
rowd
edp
lac
es
(
B)t
hes
hop
s
(
C)d
run
kar
ds
(
D)wo
men

1
1
.So
uthAme
ri
can
spi
ckp
ock
etsa
ret
hemo
ste
ffi
ci
ento
nesb
eca
use…

(
A)t
heya
rewe
ll
-t
rai
ned
(
B)t
heya
reh
and
some
(
C)t
heya
rewe
ll
-d
res
sed
(
D)t
heya
rer
esp
ect
abl
e

T
hec
aus
eoft
oot
hde
cayi
sac
id,
whi
chi
spr
odu
cedb
yba
cte
ri
aint
hemo
uth
.Th
eac
idr
emo
ves
mi
ner
al
sfr
omt
oot
hen
ame
l,a
ll
owi
ngt
oot
hde
cayt
obe
gin
;th
esa
li
vai
nyo
urmo
uthe
nco
ura
ges
r
emi
ner
al
iz
ati
ona
ndL
inen
eut
ral
i
zest
hea
cid
.Th
era
tea
twh
ichb
act
eri
aint
hemo
uthp
rod
uce
 ac
id
d
epe
ndso
nth
eamo
unto
fpl
aqu
eont
het
eet
h,t
hec
omp
osi
t
iono
fth
emi
cr
obi
alf
l
ora
,an
dwh
eth
er
t
heb
act
eri
aoft
hep
laq
ueh
aveb
een“
pri
med
”byf
req
uen
tex
pos
uret
osu
gar
.Tok
eepy
ourt
eet
h
h
eal
t
hy,
are
gul
ard
ent
alh
ygi
enep
rog
rams
hou
ldb
efo
ll
owe
d.

Re
mov
ingp
laq
uewi
t
hat
oot
hbr
usha
ndd
ent
alf
l
osst
emp
ora
ri
lyr
edu
cest
hen
umb
erso
fba
cte
ri
ain
t
hemo
utha
ndt
husr
edu
cest
oot
hde
cay
.Ita
lsoma
kest
hes
urf
ace
soft
het
eet
hmo
rea
cce
ssi
bl
e,
e
nab
li
ngs
ali
vat
one
utr
al
iz
eac
ida
ndr
emi
ner
al
is
ele
sio
ns.
Iff
l
uor
id
eisp
res
enti
ndr
in
kin
gwa
ter
wh
ent
eet
har
efo
rmi
ng,
somef
l
uor
id
eisi
nco
rpo
rat
edi
nt
oth
een
ame
loft
het
eet
h,ma
kin
gth
em
mo
rer
esi
st
antt
oat
tac
kbya
cid
.Fl
uo
ri
det
oot
hpa
stes
eemst
oac
tina
not
herwa
y,b
ypr
omo
ti
ngt
he
r
emi
ner
al
iz
ati
ono
fea
rl
yca
ri
ousl
esi
ons
.

I
nad
dit
i
ont
oar
egu
lard
ent
alh
ygi
enep
rog
ram,
ago
odwa
ytok
eepy
ourt
eet
hhe
alt
hyi
stor
edu
ce
y
ouri
nt
akeo
fswe
etf
ood
.Th
ele
astc
avi
t
y-c
aus
ingwa
ytoe
ats
wee
tsi
stoh
avet
hemwi
t
hme
als
a
ndn
otb
etwe
en.
Then
umb
ero
fti
mesy
oue
ats
wee
tsr
ath
ert
hant
het
ota
lamo
untd
ete
rmi
nesh
ow
mu
chh
armf
ula
cidt
heb
act
eri
ainy
ours
ali
vap
rod
uce
.Bu
tth
eamo
unto
fswe
etsi
nf
lu
enc
est
he
q
ual
i
tyo
fyo
urs
ali
va.
Avo
id,
ify
ouc
an,
sti
ckys
wee
tst
hats
tayi
nyo
urmo
uthal
ongt
i
me.
Als
otr
yto
b
rus
han
dfl
os
syo
urt
eet
haf
tere
ati
ngs
uga
ryf
ood
s.Ev
enr
in
sin
gyo
urmo
uthwi
t
hwa
teri
sef
fec
ti
ve.
Wh
ene
verp
oss
ibl
e,e
atf
ood
swi
t
hfi
ber
,su
cha
sra
wca
rro
tst
i
cks
,ap
ple
s,c
ele
rys
ti
cks
,et
c.
,t
hat
s
cra
peo
ffp
laq
ue,
act
i
nga
sat
oot
hbr
ush
.Ca
vit
i
esc
anb
egr
eat
l
yre
duc
edi
fth
eser
ul
esa
ref
ol
lo
wed
wh
ene
ati
ngs
wee
ts.

1
2.Wh
atd
oest
hi
spa
ssa
gema
inl
ydi
scu
ss?

(
A)Go
odn
utr
it
i
on
(
B)F
oodwi
t
hfi
ber
(
C)Wa
yst
oke
epy
ourt
eet
hhe
alt
hy
(
D)F
luo
ri
di
zat
i
ona
ndc
avi
t
ies

1
3.Ac
cor
di
ngt
oth
epa
ssa
ge,
all
oft
hef
ol
lo
win
gst
ate
men
tsa
bou
tpl
aqu
ear
etr
ueEXCEPT
…

(
A)i
tco
nsi
st
sofa
cidp
rod
uci
ngb
act
eri
a
(
B)i
ti
sno
taf
fec
tedb
yea
ti
ngs
wee
ts
(
C)i
tca
nber
emo
vedf
romt
eet
hbyb
rus
hin
gan
dfl
os
sin
g
(
D)i
tre
duc
est
hep
osi
t
ivee
ffe
cto
fsa
li
va

1
4.Wec
ani
nf
erf
romt
hep
ass
aget
hato
neb
ene
fi
toff
l
uor
id
etoh
eal
t
hyt
eet
his
…

(
A)I
tst
ren
gth
enst
oot
hen
ame
l
(
B)i
tst
i
mul
at
ess
ali
vap
rod
uct
i
on
(
C)i
tma
kest
eet
hwh
it
er
(
D)I
tI
sar
epl
ace
men
tfo
rbr
ush
inga
ndf
l
oss
ingi
nde
nta
lca
re

1
5.T
hewo
rd“
it
”inp
ara
gra
ph2r
efe
rst
o…

(
A)d
ent
alf
l
oss
(
B)b
act
eri
a
(
C)r
emo
val
ofp
laq
ue
(
D)p
laq
ue

1
6.Wh
atc
anb
eco
ncl
ude
dfr
omt
hep
ass
agea
bou
tswe
ets
?
(
A)Al
ls
wee
tss
hou
ldb
eav
oid
ed.
(
B)S
wee
tss
hou
ldb
eea
tenwi
t
hca
re.
(
C)I
ti
sbe
tte
rtoe
ats
wee
tsal
i
tt
lea
tat
i
met
hro
ugh
outt
hed
ay.
(
D)S
ti
ckys
wee
tsa
rel
essh
armf
ult
hano
the
rswe
ets
.

1
7.T
hewo
rd“
scr
apeo
ff
”inp
ara
gra
ph3i
scl
os
esti
nme
ani
ngt
o…

(
A)r
epe
l
(
B)r
ubt
oge
the
rwi
t
h
(
C)r
emo
ve
(
D)d
iss
ol
ve

1
8.Ac
cor
di
ngt
oth
epa
ssa
ge,
thev
alu
eofe
ati
ngf
ood
swi
t
hfi
beri
sth
at…

(
A)t
heyc
ont
ai
nVi
t
ami
nA
(
B)t
heya
rel
esse
xpe
nsi
vet
hanat
oot
hbr
ush
(
C)t
heya
rea
blet
ore
mov
eth
epl
aqu
efr
omy
ourt
eet
h
(
D)t
heyc
ont
ai
nnos
uga
r

1
9.T
hea
uth
oro
fth
epa
ssa
ges
tat
est
hatt
hea
mou
nto
fac
idp
rod
uce
dbyt
heb
act
eri
ainy
ours
ali
va
i
ncr
eas
es…

(
A)wi
t
hth
eamo
unto
fswe
etsy
oue
at
(
B)wi
t
hth
enu
mbe
roft
i
mesy
oue
ats
wee
ts
(
C)i
fyo
uea
tswe
etswi
t
hyo
urme
als
(
D)i
fyo
uea
tst
i
ckys
wee
ts

20.
Thewo
rd“
cav
it
ie
s”i
npa
rag
rap
h3c
ane
asi
l
yber
epl
ace
dby…

(
A)t
rap
(
B)a
bys
s
(
C)s
tai
rs
(
D)h
oll
ow
ANS
WER:

1
.ABe
cau
seh
ast
hes
ameme
ani
ng.

2.
BBe
cau
seI
nst
rume
ntc
all
edt
her
emi
n.

3.
CBe
cau
sei
nt
odu
cet
hep
rot
oty
pe.

4.
DBe
cau
sema
dei
tsma
ll
era
ndc
ons
ide
rab
lyt
han
.

5.
CBe
cau
seS
yth
esi
zerwa
sal
sop
romi
nen
tl
y.

6.
ABe
cau
seMo
ogb
ega
nco
ll
abo
rat
i
on.

7
.ABe
cau
seh
aveb
eent
hev
ict
i
mpi
ckp
ock
ets
.

8.
DBe
cau
seo
the
rpi
ckp
ock
etss
kil
l
ful
yst
ol
emo
ney
.

9
.ABe
cau
sed
uri
ng1
8thc
ent
ury
.

1
0.CBe
cau
seh
isv
ict
i
msc
anb
eri
cho
rpo
or,
you
ngo
rol
d.

1
1
.BBe
cau
set
hea
lmo
stp
ick
poc
ket
sfr
oms
out
hame
ri
ca.

1
2.CBe
cau
set
oke
epy
ourt
eet
hhe
alt
hy.

1
3.ABe
aca
useh
aveb
eenp
ri
med
.

1
4.ABe
cau
sema
kin
gth
emmo
rer
esi
st
antt
oAt
tar
ckb
yad
d.

1
5.CBe
cau
ser
emo
vin
gpl
aqu
e.

1
6.BBe
cau
sea
voi
d,i
fyo
uca
n,s
ti
ckys
wee
t.

1
7.CBe
cau
sea
cti
nga
sat
oot
hbr
ush
.

1
8.BBe
cau
set
hats
cra
peo
ffp
alq
ue.

1
9.BBe
cau
set
hea
mou
nto
fswe
etsi
nf
lu
enc
est
heq
ual
i
tyo
fyo
urs
ali
va.

20.
DBe
cau
seh
ast
hes
ameme
ani
ng.