IESL College of Engineering Academic Year 2019 — Full Time Programme Semester 7 E4004 Highway and Traffic Engineering Date: 31 July 2019 Duration: Three (03) Hours From: 09:00 ~ 12:00 Read the following instructions before starting to answer the question paper 1. This question paper has seven (07) questions. Answer only Five (05) questions. 2. All questions carry equal marks. Marks assigned to questions within a question are given. 3. Write the relevant numbers of the questions to which you provide answers in the cage on the cover page of the answer book. 4, Start answering each question from a fresh page of the answer book and write the relevant question number at the top of the page. 5. Use sketches to explain your answers wherever relevant. 6. Neat and clear handwriting and steps involved in calculations are extremely important. Delete any material, which does not require the attention of the examiner, by drawing a line over such material. Use only black/blue ink pens to write answer Marks will be deducted if the above instructions are not adhered to.Question-1 a) What is the purpose of carrying out a soundness test for an aggregate sample? (Marks 02) b) Why isit necessary to determine flakiness and elongatior dices of an aggregate sample? (Marks 04) ©) Explain the importance of carrying out a kinematic viscosity test on bitumen sample before using for asphalt concrete production? (Marks 04) d) Explain the impotency of carrying out a flash point and fire point test on bitumen sample before use it? (Marks 02) fe) What is the purpose of soaking the sample for 4 days before carryout CBR test? Does soaking is. required in all CBR tests. Explain your answer. (Marks 04) {) Compare flexible & rigid pavements under different criteria (at least (04) (marks 04) uestion - 2 a) Sketch the main layers of a flexible pavement. Show the two (02) most critical points in flexible pavement and mention the type of strain (horizontal or vertical) at these points. (Marks 06) b) ATwo-lane two-way road carries a traffic of 3100 heavy vehicles per day before improvement. This road is to be improved for the growing traffic demand. The vehicle damage factor (ESA) is 2.5, for heavy vehicles. The period of construction is 3 years. The design life is 10 years after completion of improvement. Calculate the cumulative number of standard axles to be used in design lane. Width of the carriageway is 6.8m. Clearly mention any assumptions you have made in the calculation. The growth rate during construction period is 3% per annum and growth rate is 5% per annum during design life. (Marks 07)9 365 x A,[(1+r)"- 1] N=) —————_—— N, = Cumulative No. of vehicle type 1 for the design period ‘A, = Initial Number of vehicle type 1, in the year of completion of construction, n= Design life in years + = Annual growth rate of vehicle type 1 Using design parameters and AASHTO design chart, it has been decided the Structural Number (SN) as 4.5. The layer coefficients for asphalt concrete surface course, Aggregate base & sub-base are 0.4,0.14 & 0.11 respectively. The drainage coefficients for relevant layers may be assume as 1.0 according to the site conditions. Determine the design thicknesses for flexible pavement layers. Pavement layer thicknesses should be realistic and constructible. (Hint: SN = a; D; + a: Dam; + as Dama). (marks 07) Question- 3 A study of speed ~ density relationships (model) at a particular highway has resulted as following, relationship; a) b) ¢ ) e) ue n( 4) Find the free-flow speed and jam - density for this highway. (marks 04) Derive equations showing the relationship between flow - density (q - k), and speed - flow (u— 4g). You may use basic equation of flow, q=uk. (Marks 04) Plot the resulting curves (q- k & u~q) and show the values of free-flow speed, jam density and capacity on these curves. (Marks 06) What is the main reason for traffic flow models are not static over time? (Marks 02) “It isa tough task to forecast the future traffic demand” explain this statement. (Marks 04)Question-4 a) ») cI ) e ‘Two roads have peak hour volume of 1500 veh./hr...The first road has 750 vehicles arriving in the highest 15—minute interval while second road has 400 vehicles arriving in the highest 15 —minute interval. Calculate the peak hour factors (PHF) for each roads and comment the uniform flow (Marks 04) (marks 04) condition of above roads. Indicate four base (ideal) conditions for a freeway. Explain the statement “At design stage, Highway Design Engineer should have 2 clear understanding of how much traffic can accommodate and under what operating conditions for a lar road”, pa (Marks 04) ‘A four lane freeway section under study is on a sustained grade. Peak hour demand volume has been converted to an Equivalent flow rate in passenger cars under base conditions for both upgrade and downgrade. The values are 1000 pc/h/In and 2000 pc/h/In for downgrade and upgrade respectively. Free-flow speed is estimated as 65 mi/h. At what level of service (LOS) will these upgrade and downgrade operate during peak hour? (refer figure 4.1) (Marks 04) The Highway agency wants to operate both upgrade and downgrade at same LOS. Give two suggestions and compare these two suggestions with two (02) critical parameters. (Marks 04) FS 7smim_| 11 pofm . ~~ 1500 1000 Flow (pe/iviny 2000 Figure 4.1 - Speed - Flow curve for a freewayQuestion- 5 a) What is the main difference between pre-timed signal and actuated signal traffic control system? (Marks 02) b)_ What is the purpose of referring to the “warrants of traffic signal” before implement traffic signal control at an intersection? (Marks 02) ©) Explain the reasons for implementation of All ~ red and Red ~ Amber in traffic signal control. (Marks 04) ‘An intersection approach traffic turning movements are shown in figure 5.1. Traffic volume numbers in parentheses are heavy vehicles. a 4) Calculate the Equivalent straight through passenger car for the given approach. You may use the adjustment factors given in the table 5.1 (Marks 06) 100 (10) 600 (20) (30) Figure 5.1 - Turning movement volumes Table 5.1 - Adjustment Factors ~ anne ———— Vehicle types & Movement Adjustment Factor Passenger car (straight ~ through) 1.0 Heavy Vehicle 15 Left Turning 14 Right Turning 16 ) Determine the best phase scheme for the traffic flows for the lane arrangement given in figure 5.2. It has been decided that intersection will operate a four phase scheme. Indicate the safe pedestrian movements in your proposed phase scheme. (Marks 06)s Figure 5.2 ~ Lane Arrangement Questior a) Selecting an appropriate road trace for a new highway is important and initial steps are office work (Desk study) and reconnaissance survey. Explain these two steps highlighting the methodology, type of data collecting, data sources. (Marks 08) Asimple horizontal curve with tangent to curve (TC) at chainage 29+200 and Curve to tangent (CT) at 29+280 (Figure 6.1). It has been decided the superelevation development length as 30m according to the geometry & design parameters. Cross section drawing of superelevation along the curve is shown in figure 6.2. Referring the given figures answer the followings; s b) Calculate the chainage at point “A”, “C", “D". (Marks 06) c) What is the normal crossfall and superelevation of given curve? (Marks 02) d) Indicate two (02) highway Engineering solutions, if the design speed need to be increased by 20kmph. Explain a one (01) constraint for each Engineering solution which you have mentioned. (Marks 04)go ar Te. 0.0% 4 2.5% Hi oe aoa Des ight A 2210 C © Figure 6.1 — Horizontal Curve Figure 6.2 super-elevation along the curve Question -7 ‘An expressway connects two major cities. The proposed expressway will have six intermediate access points from all A ~ class roads and all B ~ class roads. No access will be provided for minor roads. The expressway runs very close to three medium size town centers. a) ) Qo 4) What is the main different between Grade separation and interchange? (Marks 02) ‘What type of intersection solution (Grade separation or interchange) would you select at A & B class road and Minor road intersect with expressway? (Marks 02) Select and sketch the type of interchange (diamond or cloverleaf or trumpet or directional) you would use at location of one of medium size town closer to the expressway. Explain your selection. (Marks 08) Mention the main advantage and disadvantage of using stop sign control at a major - minor intersection, Sketch stop sign control lane marking arrangement at major — minor intersection. (Marks 04) ‘Sketch and name the all conflict types at conventional roundabout. (Marks 04)