Joshua R.

Elbanbuena BS MLS – 1F

CONSTITUTION PREAMBLE EXECUTIVE JUDICIARY LEGISLATIVE CONSTITUTIONAL

COMMISION
1935 The Filipino people, Section 1. The executive Section 5. The Members Section 1. The ARTICLE III
imploring the aid of power shall be vested in of the Supreme Court Legislative power shall Bill of Rights
Divine Providence, in a President of the and all judges of inferior be vested in a Congress
order to establish a Philippines. courts shall be appointed of the Philippines, (8) No law shall be passed abridging
government that shall by the President with the which shall consist of a the freedom of speech, or of the
embody their ideals, Section 4. Elections for consent of the Senate and a House of press, or the right of the people
conserve and develop President and Vice- Commission on Representatives. peaceably to assemble and petition
the patrimony of the President shall be held Appointments. the Government for redress of
nation, promote the once every four years on Section 2. The Senate grievances.
general welfare, and a date to be fixed by law. Section 6. No person shall be composed of
secure to themselves may be appointed twenty-four Senators ARTICLE XI
and their posterity the Section 10. (1) The Member of the Supreme who shall be chosen at General Auditing Office
blessings of President shall have Court unless he has been large by the qualified
independence under control of all executive five years a citizen of the electors of the Section 1. There shall be a General
a regime of justice, departments, bureaus or Philippines, is at least Philippines, as may be Auditing Office under the direction
liberty, and offices, exercise general forty years of age, and provided by law. and control of an Auditor General,
democracy, do ordain provision over all local has for ten years or more who shall hold office for a term of ten
and promulgate this governments as may be been a judge of a court of Section 6. The term of years and may not be reappointed.
Constitution. provided by law, and record or engaged in the office of the Members The Auditor General shall be
take care that the laws be practice of law in the of the House of appointed by the President with the
faithfully executed. Philippines. Representatives shall be consent of the Commission on
four years and shall Appointments, and shall receive an
Section 7. No judge begin on the thirtieth annual compensation to be fixed by
appointed for a day of December next law which shall not be diminished
particular district shall be following their election. during his continuance in office. Until
designated or transferred the Congress shall provide otherwise,
to another district the Auditor General shall receive an
without the approval of annual compensation of twelve
the Supreme Court. The thousand pesos.
Congress shall by law
determine the residence ARTICLE XII
of judges of inferior Civil Service
courts.
Section 1. A Civil Service embracing
all branches and subdivision of the
Government shall be provided by law.
Appointments in the Civil Service,
Joshua R. Elbanbuena BS MLS – 1F
1973 We, the sovereign SECTION 1. The
Filipino people, President shall be the
imploring the aid of head of state and chief
Divine Providence, in executive of the
order to establish a Republic of the
government that shall
embody our ideals,
Philippines.
promote the general
welfare, conserve and SECTION 2. No
develop the person may be elected
patrimony of our President unless he is a
Nation, and secure to natural-born citizen of
ourselves and our the Philippines. a
posterity the registered voter, able
blessings of to read and write, at
democracy under a
least fifty years of age
regime of justice,
on the day of election
peace, liberty, and
equality, do ordain for President, and a
and promulgate this resident of the
Constitution. Philippines for at least
ten years immediately
except as to those which are policy-
determining, primarily confidential or
highly technical in nature, shall be
made only according to merit and
fitness, to be determined as far as
practicable by competitive
examination.
ARTICLE X
Commission on Elections
Section 4. The Commission on
Elections shall submit to the
President and the Congress, following
each election, a report on the manner
in which such election was conducted.
Section 1. The Judicial SECTION 1. The ARTICLE IV
power shall be vested in Legislative power Bill of Rights
one Supreme Court and shall be vested in a
in such inferior courts as Batasang Pambansa. Section 1. No person shall be
may be established by deprived of life, liberty, or property
law. The Batasang without due process of law, nor shall
Pambansa shall have the SECTION 2. The any person be denied the equal
power to define, Batasang Pambansa protection of the laws.
prescribe and apportion which shall be
the jurisdiction of the composed of not
ARTICLE XII
various courts, but may more than 200
not deprive the Supreme Members unless THE CONSTITUTIONAL
Court of its jurisdiction otherwise provided COMMISSIONS
over cases enumerated in by law, shall include
Section five thereof. representatives
A. COMMON PROVISIONS
elected from the
Section 2. (1) The
different regions of SECTION 1. The Constitutional
Supreme Court shall be
composed of a Chief the Philippines, those Commissions shall be the Civil
Justice and fourteen elected or selected Service Commission, the
Associate Justices. It may from various sectors Commission on Elections, and the
sit en banc or in two as may be provided by Commission on Audit.
divisions. law, and those chosen
Joshua R. Elbanbuena BS MLS – 1F

preceding such by the President from B. THE CIVIL SERVICE

election. Section 4. The Members the members of the COMMISSION
of the Supreme Court Cabinet. Regional
SECTION 3. The and judges of inferior representatives shall SECTION 1. (1) The Civil Service
President shall be courts shall be appointed be apportioned embraces every branch, agency,
by the President.
elected by direct vote among the regions in subdivision, and instrumentality of
of the people for a accordance with the the Government, including every
term of six years which number of their government-owned or controlled
shall begin at noon on respective inhabitants corporation. It shall be
the thirtieth day of and on the basis of a administered by an independent
June following the day uniform and Civil, Service Commission
of the election and progressive ratio. composed of a Chairman and two
shall end at noon of Commissioners, who shall be
the same date six years natural-born citizens of the
thereafter when the Philippines, and, at the time of
term of his successor SECTION 13. (1) The their appointment, are at least
shall begin. Batasang Pambansa thirty-five years of age and holders
may withdraw its of a college degree, and must not
confidence from the
Prime Minister by a
have been candidates for any
majority vote of all its elective position in the election
Members. The motion immediately preceding their
for a vote of no appointment. The Chairman and
confidence shall be the Commissioners shall be
calendared for debate if appointed by the President for a
it is signed by at least term of seven years without
one-fifth of the reappointment. Of the
Members of the Commissioners first appointed,
Batasang Pambansa. one shall hold office for seven
No such motion shall years, another for five years, and
be debated and voted
upon until after the
the third for three years.
lapse of seven days after Appointment to any vacancy shall
its submission. be only for the unexpired portion
of the term of the predecessor.
Joshua R. Elbanbuena BS MLS – 1F

C. THE COMMISSION ON
ELECTIONS

SECTION 1. (1) There shall be an

independent Commission on
Elections composed of a
Chairman and eight
Commissioners, who shall be
natural-born citizens of the
Philippines, and, at the time of
their appointment, at least thirty-
five years of age and holders of a
college degree. However, a
majority thereof, including the
Chairman, shall be members of the
Philippine Bar who have been
engaged in the practice of law for
at least ten years.

D. COMMISION ON AUDIT

SECTION 1. (1) There shall be an

independent Commission on
Audit composed of a Chairman
and two Commissioners, who shall
be natural-born citizens of the
Philippines and, at the time of their
appointment, at least forty years of
age and certified public
accountants or members of the
Philippine Bar for at least ten
years.
Joshua R. Elbanbuena BS MLS – 1F

1987 We, the sovereign SECTION 1. The SECTION 1. The SECTION 1. The ARTICLE III
Filipino people, executive power shall judicial power shall be legislative power shall
imploring the aid of be vested in the vested in one Supreme be vested in the Bill of Rights
Almighty God, in President of the Court and in such Congress of the
order to build a just Philippines. lower courts as may be Philippines which SECTION 1. No person shall be
and humane society
and establish a
established by law. shall consist of a deprived of life, liberty, or
Government that SECTION 2. No Senate and a House of property without due process of
shall embody our person may be elected Judicial power includes Representatives, law, nor shall any person be denied
ideals and aspirations, President unless he is a the duty of the courts except to the extent the equal protection of the laws.
promote the natural-born citizen of of justice to settle reserved to the people
common good, the Philippines, a actual controversies by the provision on SECTION 2. The right of the
conserve and develop registered voter, able involving rights which initiative and people to be secure in their
our patrimony, and to read and write, at are legally demandable referendum. persons, houses, papers, and
secure to ourselves least forty years of age and enforceable, and effects against unreasonable
and our posterity the on the day of the to determine whether SECTION 2. The searches and seizures of whatever
blessings of
election, and a resident or not there has been a Senate shall be nature and for any purpose shall be
independence and
democracy under the of the Philippines for grave abuse of composed of twenty- inviolable, and no search warrant
rule of law and a at least ten years discretion amounting four Senators who or warrant of arrest shall issue
regime of truth, immediately preceding to lack or excess of shall be elected at except upon probable cause to be
justice, freedom, such election. jurisdiction on the part large by the qualified determined personally by the judge
love, equality, and of any branch or voters of the after examination under oath or
peace, do ordain and SECTION 3. There instrumentality of the Philippines, as may be affirmation of the complainant
promulgate this shall be a Vice- Government. provided by law. and the witnesses he may produce,
Constitution. President who shall and particularly describing the
have the same SECTION 2. The SECTION 3. No place to be searched and the
qualifications and term Congress shall have person shall be a persons or things to be seized.
of office and be elected the power to define, Senator unless he is a
with and in the same prescribe, and natural-born citizen SECTION 3. (1) The privacy of
manner as the apportion the of the Philippines, communication and
President. He may be jurisdiction of various and, on the day of the correspondence shall be inviolable
removed from office courts but may not election, is at least except upon lawful order of the
in the same manner as deprive the Supreme thirty-five years of court, or when public safety or
the President. Court of its age, able to read and order requires otherwise as
jurisdiction over cases write, a registered prescribed by law.
voter, and a resident
of the Philippines for
Joshua R. Elbanbuena BS MLS – 1F

enumerated in Section not less than two ARTICLE IX

5 hereof. years immediately
preceding the day of Constitutional Commissions
No law shall be passed the election.
reorganizing the A. Common Provisions
Judiciary when it
undermines the SECTION 1. The Constitutional
security of tenure of its Commissions, which shall be
Members. independent, are the Civil Service
Commission, the Commission on
SECTION 3. The Elections, and the Commission on
Judiciary shall enjoy Audit.
fiscal autonomy.
Appropriations for the SECTION 2. No Member of a
Judiciary may not be Constitutional Commission shall,
reduced by the during his tenure, hold any other
legislature below the office or employment. Neither
amount appropriated shall he engage in the practice of
for the previous year any profession or in the active
and, after approval, management or control of any
shall be automatically business which in any way be
and regularly released. affected by the functions of his
office, nor shall he be financially
interested, directly or indirectly, in
any contract with, or in any
franchise or privilege granted by
the Government, any of its
subdivisions, agencies, or
instrumentalities, including
government-owned or controlled
corporations or their subsidiaries.

SECTION 3. The salary of the

Chairman and the Commissioners
Joshua R. Elbanbuena BS MLS – 1F

shall be fixed by law and shall not

be decreased during their tenure.

B. The Civil Service Commission

SECTION 1. (1) The Civil Service

shall be administered by the Civil
Service Commission composed of
a Chairman and two
Commissioners who shall be
natural-born citizens of the
Philippines and, at the time of their
appointment, at least thirty-five
years of age, with proven capacity
for public administration, and
must not have been candidates for
any elective position in the
elections immediately preceding
their appointment.

SECTION 2. (1) The civil service

embraces all branches, subdivisions,
instrumentalities, and agencies of the
Government, including government-
owned or controlled corporations
with original charters.

SECTION 4. All public officers and

employees shall take an oath or
affirmation to uphold and defend this
Constitution.

C. The Commission on Elections

SECTION 1. (1) There shall be a

Commission on Elections
Joshua R. Elbanbuena BS MLS – 1F

composed of a Chairman and six

Commissioners who shall be
natural-born citizens of the
Philippines and, at the time of their
appointment, at least thirty-five
years of age, holders of a college
degree, and must not have been
candidates for any elective
position in the immediately
preceding elections. However, a
majority thereof, including the
Chairman, shall be Members of the
Philippine Bar who have been
engaged in the practice of law for
at least ten years.

SECTION 5. No pardon,
amnesty, parole, or suspension of
sentence for violation of election
laws, rules, and regulations shall be
granted by the President without
the favorable recommendation of
the Commission.

SECTION 6. A free and open

party system shall be allowed to
evolve according to the free choice
of the people, subject to the
provisions of this Article.

D. Commission on Audit

SECTION 1. (1) There shall be a

Commission on Audit composed
of a Chairman and two
Commissioners, who shall be
Joshua R. Elbanbuena BS MLS – 1F

natural-born citizens of the

Philippines and, at the time of their
appointment, at least thirty-five
years of age, certified public
accountants with not less than ten
years of auditing experience, or
members of the Philippine Bar
who have been engaged in the
practice of law for at least ten
years, and must not have been
candidates for any elective
position in the elections
immediately preceding their
appointment. At no time shall all
Members of the Commission
belong to the same profession.

SECTION 3. No law shall be

passed exempting any entity of the
Government or its subsidiary in
any guise whatever, or any
investment of public funds, from
the jurisdiction of the Commission
on Audit.

SECTION 4. The Commission

shall submit to the President and
the Congress, within the time fixed
by law, an annual report covering
the financial condition and
operation of the Government, its
subdivisions, agencies, and
instrumentalities, including
government-owned or controlled
corporations, and non-
governmental entities subject to its
Joshua R. Elbanbuena BS MLS – 1F

audit, and recommend measures

necessary to improve their
effectiveness and efficiency. It
shall submit such other reports as
may be required by law.

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