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Chapter11 PDF
Chapter11 PDF
Chapter 11
"LASER FUNDAMENTALS"
Second Edition
By William T. Silfvast
Cl-I II
1. Show that the two expressions for ft of (11.12) and (11.16) are equivalent; that is, 1
show that
y2 y2 1
10 10
11- Rei<Pl 2 = (1- R) 2 1 + F' sin 2 (<P/2) ·
~ e ~ dl ) -= ( 1-
2
\ I- f2 e ./ cl)( I- Re" qJ)
·= 1- 12 e_ l - A. r<. e-.../ rJ. + r<. "'-.
~ I- 2 r<. C.Q;t. ~ +- R~
s1., l~)-=
2
I- c.o-of
2
-
Lj.?/
F
3. I '-II '>( I f) '1
--
A?'
t"' ~
F= Tl{,,~--
/ -. ~/?"-::. (p /, 2
ltJ 'a"
.., .9 /1 ~XIO . - 2. t..;5'"'.XIO fltt
A YFWff-M -= (.P /, '2.-
-
Q :: ~ , '7 S"'X I() I 'f - /, ~J X I 0 "'
2.. vrx 10 ~ -
(CJ
J. 7 r-xio''l - L1 11 XI() .r
/.?I x101
-
t:. II II
3. A very narrow-frequency 10-mW cw single-mode He-Ne laser beam is transmitted
through an air-spaced Fabry-Perot interferometer with the laser wavelength exactly
corresponding to one of the lOOo/o transmission peaks of the interferometer, as in-
dicated in Figure 11-5. The reflecting surfaces of the interferometer, separated by
a distance of 0.1 m, are dielectric coatings with a reflectivity at the laser wave-
length of 99 % and no absorption losses. What is the power of the beam inside of
the Fabry-Perot cavity? Assume that the laser is instantly shut off in a time of the
order of 1 ns or less. How long will it then take for the beam inside the Fabry-Perot
cavity to decay to 1/ e of its steady-state value prior to the shutoff?
ca>
\.' e
rb) l}"t! V' 1 , ,. ,,,. r,;. ,. .v.-~,...,
ff-;,.._,_ Tu- ~tt_ &M... ~ L -
a.A' en..e-l1... M. 1 v- *"'' Y' 1 '.J
J2 tJ Stll!. $ s re dit ~do.,/ 71> 0 ?9 r/ /Ts.
I °lo t> v 1 1
CA vi I~ lo c,s ~!> f2\( c../1.1. eil i'"'1 .... ,-.,.,..,"" T.-..•u ...;~str.. : L. '4 /,.."s
Th~ rot.ttAe/ ;,_~P lo!i~lf~ (/-(.).'1~)+ {1- tJ,.1~)+ ~,t>lj"-~.D2J
() V' S ~· f er~ p A 'o+ s (o._ u-e ., . ,._ ,,e.-I) : ~ /a~c
H.e"l ~ ?a.;"'- a~ L~ e:,t. (. e12Jt-
~. ~ I ~ s s es. ()trf..V ~
bAM-..t wI el T°l\ e "3 u i v 11. L.,..J ti F W If M " f 'f'i..e fi.t_
e ~ '·~ $ ' .. tri-t It'*~ w id!/,,. • "' .. I . . .
1lL_ F W-H·M ~ f ~ ~w.t..tS >I tn<f I~ I$ !
- £ A-::: 3 )( I () ""t""-/s l () .'(f'x 10. ~ ..,_ /, 2IJ x1o''lf.,
4 V- A,_ 4 0Dt..x11;- '')"'-
Assume that there are scattering losses of 1% per pass through the cavity. Also
remember that the index of refraction within a gas laser is 1. How many longitudi- :
nal modes would be lasing in this system? Refer to Figure 4-15(a) for information i
about isotopes of Cd. · \
d ~ (),'-{ ~ R,-::: (), °lfe f(_L :- 0, ct 9~
displacement - from the center axis, where (according to eqn. 11.53) the intensity :
reaches a maximum, to the location where the intensity of the mode has a value I
of 1/ e 2 of the maximum - corresponds to the value w in (11.53) (for a Gaussian .
mode distribution).
r
-e'2..
0
l.. l. L
'-L~-::. L.. ~"? f ~ vJ
w
- -- ---· - -- - -- - - - - - - -- - -- - - - --
(, 1-1 I/
8. Write out the expressions for the transverse sp~tial distribution at the mirrors of !I
the TEMu, TEM20, and TEM22 modes .
F ~(> ""'- F1 7~ II - II
--.. 0, oo I
LH II
10. Assume an argon ion laser is operating at 488.0 nm in a confocal cavity in the !
TEM 00 mode with a mirror separation of 0.6 m. Assume that the gain medium is . '.
0.4 m long. What must the gain coefficient be for the laser to operate at thresh-
old with mirror refiectivities of 99.99o/o at the laser wavelength? Assume that the
beam radius (the effective limiting aperture) for the laser beam is 0.5 mm at each ·
mirror. Assume also that the only losses in the cavity are the diffraction losses at ,
the mirrors. (The mirrors are mounted at the ends of the laser discharge tube such
that there are no Brewster angle windows.)
120 GHz. The laser is fiashlamp pumped to operate cw with a single-pass small- :
signal gain at the center of the gain profile of 8 o/a. Mirrors are coated on the ends
of the 0.1-m-long Nd:YAG rod with a reflectivity of 98% each . What is the maxi-
mum number of longitudinal modes that could be lasing? (Assume that the laser is
operating under mode-locked conditions such that all possible modes are lasing.)
iz~ dat~/p~s s
t> r
C /-1 II
13. An argon ion laser beam operating at 488 nm is passed through a Fabry-Perot cav- I I
ity in air at normal incidence with no reduction in its intensity. The cavity has a .:
mirror separation of 0.3 m, mirror refiectivities of 95o/o at the laser wavelength,
and no absorption losses. What is the minimum distance the mirror separation
would have to be changed in order to reduce the transmitted intensity to one half
of the input intensity?
r<;:: (),qi;- I<:::: rJ. q s-
0,3M
l ( I - '2.\
(u.3~)
'-TT V\_cA fR