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\±\±²<¡-Cw^—k£ ³³¤`r-´s”0[²%"
yk5µz A y¶z =  /
ُ َ ْ ُ َ ‫ُْﱠ‬ ّ ُ َ َ ‫َ ﱠ‬
KÆÇö+J{‫ﺪا‬W ‫ ِﺸ َﺮ ِﺑ ِﮫ اﳌﺘ ِﻘن َوﺗﻨ ِﺬ َر ِﺑ ِﮫ ﻗ ْﻮ ًﻣﺎ ﻟ‬6َ ‫ ﱠﺴ ْﺮﻧ ُﺎﻩ ِﺑ ِﻠ َﺴﺎ ِﻧﻚ ِﻟﺘ‬Zَ ‫ﻓ ِﺈﻧ َﻤﺎ‬KJ
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yÉÊËÌz «ͽ{^—

9      




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َ ‫'ﻦ َو ُﻣﻨﺬر‬
ِِ ِ ِ
yQ›œmvz Î`D =k/j7¶`˜ϓ
y¨©mvz Î`«D67xГ
yÑÒ[4Óz Î` m½Î`«A$¿7- $ÆxZ`˜“
yk5µz ÔÕÏ ÆÎ`DÎ=k/j7x€“
yÉÊËÌz ™ ÆÎ` Ö Î=k/j7{Awx`ד
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KÅÄÌö$ËJ{‫'ﻦ‬ ِِ ِ ِ ] ‫ﻓﺒﻌﺚ‬KJ
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َ ‫ ّﺸﺮ‬6َ ‫ ّﯿ َن ُﻣ‬6‫اﻟﻨ‬
َ ‫'ﻦ َو ُﻣﻨﺬر‬
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yQ›œmvz Î`DÎ=k/j7{A
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y¨©mvz ;«D67Ø`×Ïٓ
µz Ô Î `D  ÜÝ  k Þ  Î = ¸ % k Û 4 Ï Ø ` × ړ
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Aß-ÉÊËÌz Ô´´ ;  / ;« k/j7 4Ïàáâ`×¹“
yÉÊ×æ b /ã«k/j7 `Aä“W½ *+rcRå
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َ ُ ْ َ ‫ْ َ ْ َ َ َ ﱠ َ ﱡ ُ ْ ََ ﱠ‬
KÄÍÍöYËJ{‫ ِﺸ ٌ ِﻟﻘ ْﻮ ٍم ُﻳﺆ ِﻣﻨﻮن‬mَ ‫ﻮء ِإن أﻧﺎ ِإﻻ ﻧ ِﺬ ٌﻳﺮ َو‬
َ ‫ اﻟﺴ‬hnِ ‫ ِ وﻣﺎ ﻣﺴ‬op‫ا‬
µz èk£4<ACwéA  `«k/j7 `  /²ç¹“
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yÑÒ[4Óz :êë4{ACwA  =¸ `D繓
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{‫ﻧ َﻤﺎ أﻧﺎ ﻧ ِﺬ ٌﻳﺮ ُﻣ ِﺒن‬sِ ‫] َو‬
ٌ ‫ﱠ‬ ‫َْ ﱠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
ِ ‫ وﻗﺎﻟﻮا ﻟﻮﻻ أﻧ ِﺰل ﻋﻠ ْﻴ ِﮫ آﻳﺎت ِﻣﻦ َرِ? ِﮫ ﻗ ْﻞ ِإﻧ َﻤﺎ اﻵﻳﺎت ِﻋﻨﺪ‬KÎJ
َ ّ ْ َ َ َ ْ َ
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yÉÊËÌz A  `Dì²í¹“
yÑÒ[4Óz A  = m½ìî\]¹“
yk5µz  ªªA  `  /\]“

10      




( َ َُ ‫َ َ َ ﱠ‬ َ ْ ْ ُ ََ َ ً ْ َ َ ُْ
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ٍ ‫ﻢ ِﻣﻦ ﻧ ِﺬ‬u‫ ِﻟﺘﻨ ِﺬر ﻗﻮﻣﺎ ﻣﺎ أﺗﺎ‬KÑJ
yÑÒ[4Óz $Z `Dã{•ï
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yk5µz $Z ` ò
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KÄÍöž ŸJ{‫ ْﻢ َﻳ ْﻮ َم اﻵ ِزﻓ ِﺔ‬uُ ‫ َوأﻧ ِﺬ ْر‬K´J
َ َْ

yQ›œmvz ôõ{D“
y¨©mvz IÎ`²ör{«/“
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yQ›œmvz `÷{D“
y¨©mvz ÷r{«D“
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َ ‫إﻧ َﻤﺎ ﺗﻨﺬ ُر اﻟﺬ‬KJ
ُْ ‫ﱠ‬
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yk5µz :;Dsâøù4 ú ò{ACwÀ\]¬“
yÂÃÄz :;Dûsâøù4 ü^{Zo«D¡“
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َ

yÑÒ[4Óz :êë4{ACwA  =¸ `D繓


µz èk£4<ACwéA  `«k/j7 `  /²ç¹ “
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ykÓz A  `«k¿7D{A 5¹“
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KÊÉöÓJ{NO‫ﺬا ﻧ ِﺬ ٌﻳﺮ ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟﻨﺬ ِر اﻷو‬uَ KJ
yk5µz 
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yÑÒ[4Óz Aw`D•:Î`DyØz€“

11      




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ِ
y¨©mvz 4m!²2ã{^"r3“
yk5µz ½´^!ã{#réD“
yÂÃÄz 56 %&+ã{,rD“
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ً َ ‫ﺲ َﻋ ْﻦ َﻧ ْﻔ‬
KÄÅÌö$ËJ{‫ﺲ ﺷ ْ}ﺌﺎ‬
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y¨©mvz m!²22ã{^["r3“
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 ً َ ٌ ‫اﺧ َﺸ ْﻮا َﻳ ْﻮ ًﻣﺎ َﻻ َﻳ ْﺠﺰي َواﻟ ٌﺪ َﻋ ْﻦ َو َﻟﺪﻩ َ َوﻻ َﻣ ْﻮ ُﻟ‬
KÌÌöÕJ{‫ َﻮ َﺟ ٍﺎز َﻋ ْﻦ َو ِاﻟ ِﺪ ِﻩ ﺷ ْ}ﺌﺎ‬uُ ‫ﻮد‬ ‫ و‬KsJ
ْ َ
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12      




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‫آرا واﻓ ﺎر‬

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14      



‫‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ‪،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻋﺮﻓﺖ ﺣﻘﻴﻘۃ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻝ ‪،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻼﺯﻡ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﯽ ﺍﺻﻄﻨﺎﻋﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺍﺷﺒﻊ ﺑﮩﺎء‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﯽ ﺍﻟﮑﻼﻡ ﻓﯽ ﺫﻟﮏ ﻓﻨﺤﻦ ﻧﺎﺗﯽ ﺑہ ﺑﺮﻣﺘہ ‪،‬ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ‪ :‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻻﺻﻄﻼﺡ ﻟﻢ ﻳﮏ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻗﺪﻣﺎﺋﻨﺎ ﻗﺪﺱ ﷲ ﺍﺭﻭﺍﺣﮩﻢ ﮐﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﮨﺮ ﻟﻤﻦ ﻣﺎﺭﺱ ﮐﻼﻣﮩﻢ ‪،‬ﺑﻞ ﮐﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﺑﻴﻨﮩﻢ ﺍﻁﻼﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻠﯽ ﮐﻞ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻋﺘﻀﺪ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﺘﻀﯽ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻴہ ‪،‬ﺍﻭ ﺍﻗﺘﺮﻥ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﻮﻕ ﺑہ‬
‫‪،‬ﺍﻟﺮﮐﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻴہ‪"1‬‬
‫‪k‡ k†$¹e-›\0 ̗ ™åš€" € \ WcR‬‬
‫‪´b !st" € k(s-:Ÿ  ¡˜å œIr‬‬
‫ž Œ‪ -‬‬
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‫š*‪ ª 4‬‬
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‫‪ :à( $NQC…c„ST .‬‬

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      ‪15‬‬
‫‬
‫‘Š‪W:˜3ÄÅÆÇÈÉ‬‬
‫"ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻣﺎء ﻟﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﺩ ﺑہ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﻭﻳہ ﺍﻻﻣﺎﻣﯽ ﺑﻞ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ ﻣﺎ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﺻﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺧﻮﺫ ﻣﻨہ ﺑﺎی ﮐﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺒﻮﺕ‪"4‬‬
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‫ "‪  ËÌͶ+2 Ê!7>4‬‬
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‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻣﺎء ﻣﻦ ﺍﺻﺤﺎﺑﻨﺎ ﻓﺎﻟﺬی ﻳﻈﮩﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺍﺗﻬﻢ ﻭ ﺗﺼﻔﺢ ﮐﻼﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﻧﻬﻢ ﻳﺮﻳﺪﻭﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺑہ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﺘﯽ ﺑﻤﻀﻤﻮﻧہ ﺍﻭ ﺍﺣﺘﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺍﺋﻦ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺫﻟﮏ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪"5‬‬
‫™ (‪„²ö   " F Ë́€Ò^ I^ÑI I sÐà‬‬
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‫\ ‪W:˜”&ש‘M‬‬
‫"ﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻴﻒ ﮐﺎﻥ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﻤﻼ ﻓﯽ ﺍﻟﺴﻨۃ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻣﺎ ء ﺍﻳﻀﺎ‪،‬ﻏﺎﻳۃ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻨﺎک ﺍﻧﻬﻢ ﮐﺎﻧﻮﺍ‬
‫ﻳﻄﻠﻘﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻠﯽ ﮐﻞ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻋﺘﻀﺪ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﺘﻀﯽ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻴہ‪"6‬‬
‫‪ÛST„à ( " ¤€m$»m$»-ªÚ 2à(| Ù „ Ø‬‬
‫‪ o ýܲö‬‬
‫‪ m wIñ- ¯5×y4-Ô; %® ržh‬‬
‫\ ‪W ¦ ´ ;  hiQC…à( %ހzß’à  Âà ÞÝ·M‬‬
‫"ﺃﻥ ﻟﻠﺘﻀﻌﻴﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﻌﻨﻴﺎﻥ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻣﻴﺔ ـ ﺃﺣﺪﻫﻤﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻘﺪﻣﻴﻦ ـ ﻭﻳﻤﺜﻠﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﻨﻲ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻁﺒﻘﺘﻪ ـ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺄﺧﺮﻳﻦ ـ ﻭﻳﻤﺜﻠﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻠﻲ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻁﺒﻘﺘﻪ ـ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻘﺪﻣﻴﻦ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻮﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻻﺣﺘﻔﺎﺋﻪ ﺑﻘﺮﺍﺋﻦ ﺗﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺻﺪﻭﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﻨﺪﻫﻢ ﺑﻐﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻭﺛﺎﻗﺔ ﺭﻭﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺪ‪.‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺄﺧﺮﻭﻥ ﻓﻬﻢ ﻻ ﻳﺮﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻳﺚ‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺎ ً ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻋﻨﺪﻫﻢ ﻭﺛﺎﻗﺔ ﺭﻭﺍﺗﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺨﺼﻮﺹ‬
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‫‪ ñ  ð¹ I » QC… =- Ô ;  N \]  ð¹ I » ̗ -   ï ‬‬
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      ‪16‬‬

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‫‬
‫{„‪ kZ µâ´ ò‬‬
‫‪%ƒÂh –{Så`AN›„ Så4²öà(" € x s‬‬
‫‪à( AP+$ > ^& bBOSå - kgh‬‬
‫‪Ià( SWX ¹> ^&bîQRQ QC…$„QRQ‬‬
‫‪%TU I y €›qQC… .z«QR *šIQC… {Så„ N‬‬
‫‪ W ËÌÙSå Igh¹ ´V%‬‬
‫‪W:˜”•“ é‬‬
‫"ﻭﻗﺪ ﺟﺮی ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺪﺛﻴﻦ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺑﺎﺑﻮﻳہ ﻗﺪﺱ ﺳﺮﻩ ﻋﻠﯽ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻘﺪﻣﻴﻦ ﻓﯽ ﺍﻁﻼﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻠﯽ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺮﮐﻦ ﺍﻟﻴہ ﻭ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻓﺤﮑﻢ ﺑﺼﺤۃ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﻓﯽ ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻻﻳﺤﻀﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻴہ ‪،‬ﻭ ﺫﮐﺮ ﺍﻧہ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺟﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﮐﺘﺐ ﻣﺸﮩﻮﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺟﻊ ‪،‬ﻭﮐﺜﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﮏ ﺍﻻﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺑﻤﻌﺰﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻻﻧﺪﺭﺍﺝ ﻓﯽ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻠﯽ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺎﺧﺮﻳﻦ ‪،‬ﻭﻣﻨﺨﺮﻁ ﻓﯽ‬
‫ﺳﻠﮏ ﺍﻟﺤﺴﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺛﻘﺎﺕ ﺑﻞ ﺍﻟﻀﻌﺎﻑ‪"10‬‬
‫‪d \+ I ñ- [ „ { Så À QR  \V ̗ ` Z €O ý Y X‬‬
‫‪F 6‬‬
‫‪„{ Såe{5mED GHæ   3sP–Ir-A Üw 2m  °‬‬
‫‪F 6‬‬
‫‪5mED GHæ  3 E-:êÁ I\ÃÜ4-:dh Så€`AN"$‬‬
‫‬
‫‪wIÙe ^5Ë -®Zk]wI„QR *šIQC…SåI‬‬
‫]‪ : Fk‬‬
‫‪W:˜c»$ {ghM ”_àÑ M‬‬
‫"ﻓﻼ ﻳﮑﺎﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺭﻭﺍﻳۃ ﻳﻤﮑﻨﻨﺎ ﺍﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻋﺪﺍﻟۃ ﺭﻭﺍﺗﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﯽ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ۔۔۔۔۔ﻭ ﻻﺟﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﺖ ﺍﻻﺷﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴہ ﺟﺮﺕ ﺳﻴﺮﺗﯽ ﻋﻠﯽ ﺗﺮک ﺍﻟﻔﺤﺺ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ‪،‬ﻭﺍﻻﮐﺘﻔﺎء ﻓﯽ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳۃ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺤۃ ﮐﻮﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻓۃ ﺑﻬﺎ ﻓﯽ ﺍﻟﺴﻨۃ ﻣﺸﺎﺋﺨﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻘﺪﻣﻴﻦ‪"11‬‬
‫‪w 3  ËÌ%eïnI »,-5bckd®8 ã{ WcR‬‬
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‫‪  »I̗ fg\]-o ZÒ^ c o" €»+£‬‬
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‫‪ W ËÌÙSå"I"$ ¹ ´V%{$Ig‬‬

      ‪18‬‬
‫‬
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‫\ ‪W:˜knÌÓ²M kL\lm-$‬‬
‫"ﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻊ ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺗﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻳﻮﻡ ﺗﻮﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻲ ﺻﻠﻰ ﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺁﻟﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻳﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺃﺟﺮﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻷﺻﻮﻟﻴﺔ –ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ‪-‬ﻭ ﺍﻻﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺫﻛﺮﺗﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻷﺻﻮﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﻓﻲ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻣﻨﺎ ﻭ ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻳﺜﻨﺎ‪"12‬‬
‫‪z ã >I 0ðØ#r²- ã %Ao5·pI Q"€ …† WcR‬‬
‫†‪åš Ir#-r + y¤{r×s† qO ´¼I$ ¥‬‬
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‫‪ISåÙ „I/4 QRQ QC… `qXWXñ" wv lm‬‬
‫‪²z ÞsP – k yà ² M \- : ´  ËÌ Ù x   /4 ¹-  I w‬‬
‫|{ ‪W:˜  Þ‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻗﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﺎً‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﺒﻬﻬﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﺍً‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮﻫﺎ ﺷﻬﺮﺓ ﻫﻮﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﻲ ﻟﻠﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺪﺛﻮﻥ ﺑﻤﺪﺭﺳﺔ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺖ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ )‪ (9485‬ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎ ً ﺿﻌﻴﻔﺎ ً ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ )‪(16121‬‬
‫ً‪13‬‬
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‫‪{ A~\m$»-sP QR}(B`»g h WcR‬‬
‫‪sPr ` y‚ „z ‚ X‚ƒ- /4 sP QR€"sP‬‬
‫‪ $ Ù { z x . ySå 1*  Så …  I‬‬
‫‪r k I Så Ù¹ I š % Så „ I /4 # ` k†  ‘ M ]z‬‬
‫»‪W:˜kyà lm-‡m$‬‬
‫"ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﻟﻒ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻴﻦ – ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺑﺎﻗﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻬﺒﻮﺩﻱ ‪ -‬ﻓﻲ ﻋﺼﺮﻧﺎ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﻲ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺒﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ )‪ (16121‬ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎ ً ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻓﻲ )‪ (4428‬ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺎً‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺮﻙ )‪ (11693‬ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎ ً‬
‫‪14‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺮﻫﺎ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩﻩ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬
‫ˆˆ‪\] Så …  `AN- ; /4 „`k‰Ó‘]z²‬‬
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      ‪19‬‬




 
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3 3
()M 6&'()  k( ¾ &' ÆM –  wÖ   Î 5&' ¼ + 4 e t; ()¸ Š j ¼ + 4 e t; ÃP ê &'þ
3 
K&' P ò& ‹Ñ  Ð ºÜ&' Ï #  •Î, Í   Æ &' k( ¾#ÌÃÊ Ë() ê Ê Šd6É &' S4%È
`
ÃÊÓ5N]&'Òß 4 S4%e½4 Y;%S4 %ÃÊ

22      




 3 
ŒÖÁʲ+, '& Ü_& 4 P k( ¾'&   Æ'&   ÕÁÔ¥ßøâʼn<¡+4 e t;+4 4 óß&   '
 3 
ÃÌß   '& eÃÛê öè-×]»¼63 S‡Ï    '& ¹4äÁÇÈ-×¼ÅÉ34
   3
ð+etؼeãÊS4%¬jÃÊS %ê3‰[Δ¼ÐÁÜÙÚP k( ¾# ß”Ø
3    3
ßj'&   6Áâ&'ÜÎMN¼ k( ¾ßS4%jãÊS %êÓ jÎ S  %)( ]&'ÒÉ6†ÛÜÃÊÛÁ
 3
Î   '& eÐÅ° º  +4 4 óß&   'Ã6êÎMN¼ k( ¾ßMÁÆS  %e¶ ÝÃÎMNÃ
 3 3 3
—-S‡Ï Œãêâèá^¼6†Ûà`63 S‡Ï É3S%+4 e t;ã×'&  ß#{Á%ÁMÞ
3 3 9
ÃS  %)( ê'& äÎÐêöèÇ -S‡Ï Í  k( ¾'&   ÆÐu&_4  % Ã×S4 %Î º eÐ
3 3  3 æ
êPcπ&'Î6S%# &'Å %èÉ6ÃÊëÁù6-S‡ÏÊ­& e fSç()åP34
3 3 ìM§
Æ&'k( ¾#{Á%êéèá^¼ÅMN %  4 Ãʵ 4 ÎܒÉ&'6ë‰
 3  3 
èù34#߉<¡ÒÓî&'î#MN]5()&'íмS4%¼Ðêܵ&'è²+,&'ºÜ&_4 
3
3 3 3 33
¼ 34ä è 6S‡Ïß Ô()M¼Ü&' Uº Và 6ãÖ×6‰¢ ÃÖÁ ð ^ P'& äÎ ï  ^k( ¾
  
ŒÊS %êe&'ó¼+ 4 e t;Kè&ãKÁòÉ{&'~ñ º e˜j]&'ß&   'à +4 ó^
   3 3
‰<¡Í¡+,-Ê&'ÃÊ&'ö()¸&'()&'Ö 5N]&'ÒßÐêõÉeÜßÔµ&']()ô
9 3
Ã÷ê~ñÎHšeðÐÅÃ{S%()'÷ & É6-S‡Ï Œ
 
¬ Î S‚ :4;΄ ¼  #ùŒ KÁ ÇÈ á^ ¼ 6ÃØ ð &' +44 ;T  %P Ôø5 e ¼ Å
3 3 3  3 3
þ{qDADyuB @^ ý  6S‡ÏÃ× UÍ S%ê üS%&'() è ûd &ò‹&'P ß úP Ð 6S‡ÏäÁ
3 
6Ï> Î&'?Ü()ê ÇÈÅÜ#¼KK&'¼eMN¼  ÐFzsBwxw
3 3
’  á^¼
ÃâûS%êÇÈÎ
è] &_4 ÃÉ'&º µ STÐ+ 4 e t;° º 
4 Ã()Î
 3
ðè&' %&'S%¼&   '6ÃS%êSTPè+ 4 e t;ß ¡e0e#Ê]—
  
eÃ}ST&'()&'ÜST()S4%#ÅßÑKÖ ST %¼dX-6âÃû&'º
 ÜÍ¡ 6à %Á ]&' 6 & 3 ò‹  Û ¼ ÜST( )S% Î 6 – ß øâ  Å á^ ß
4
3
ÃÖVMQPeÅŒÁ 4 ¹M‰¾e+ 4 4 óÃØßü&¼ÅÒ
3
Ü!Kè¼() Îc:;e¶Ð+ 4 e t;°&   '#ß6&'()eãÊ~ñj
 3 3
6"ÄÐê]&&'¼Ôµ&'-S‡ÏøSTýP#ߦ 4 {ÚÜ¿aM¼ yè
  3
$ %è· Ð&   'ãÊ S%Á 3~ Î&'S%ÃØ® () #()É6&'&'() &   '#¼

23      




 
+ 4 e t;&')¼3‰Tj&'jÃ( d:;& 4 '' %è 3‰T&' &()É&'ë dX-KÁ Û%

-&'  ¯  ](), è  &' :; ¼ &   ' ã Ê +44 ;T +ÃÖ Á R^ ß *&'  Š
3 
34¼3‰TMÖÁÆÜ&'&'()Ü6&'ÖS%()ê()2%F.‚xwz/0oADEpDu 0DCDBD1upDz@
 
ÃØñ6&'&'ò& "&_4 è5Æ&'S% %ß &':;#øST
 3
`0'& $5()Ð &'ÅPÐS  %Uò& ‹É)( •¼34#ßÍ¡MN]5()
 3
eÃØ ð 9Œ ¼ 8 X-  3‰T ° &' 5P ^7 +44 ;T  % P eÃa  Æ &'&'()
33  3 
¼ ^ k(º ¾  ß Í¡  6 ÃS %ê M&'; ð Î  &' = ¼ 63 S% è 6 : Ð õ Æ&'S%
3 ` 9 `
S % Hè34ß&_ () %Ã=&_4 7Ö ß6&_ ()()<jäÁà()ß&'()# %<
` 33 
() @&'() 6? è > &' 6 ß &_ () 5()ÃÖ × ö É &'ë  k( ¾  ] S%  % è 6 &' Ö
 3 3
Å P e #{Á }ST AÛ  _ 8Det)(  Ñ ß <e  4  ÃÖ ( ß W&' ¼ 6 è > # {Á

ð _ Å ¼ e Œ Ø Í   G F E&' V &' PD + 4 4 ó •C<¡ ÃÁ B 5N X ð &'v
æ
Ãâ&' &'ò& "&_4 &'vPeÊ­& e fSçŒKÖ ß6Iâ()ò& ‹H&'()îj+ 4 4 óÃù&'
 3 9 
ßKÃ'q{âJ6 ()6ðÉe#=&_4 7Ö  &'Mß 4 S4%¹‰T3º ŠZ¢
 
&'  O ^ º  •C<¡ + Ã' N ð Mñ ¹‰[ J MN ]5() '&  Ê &' ¼ &'L  K º  MN %
  
S 4  6 ß Q Ã= R ð è  &')(  #  ù  &' ß  O º^ ÃÁ ð øST  Q  ()P
 
ÃS%()GèWVUS4%T %Ð{US 4 6â{Ö ST !
9 3
X-¼eÐRÑz&'[&'Z()ÃKÁ&'û()ÎXYX-]&_4  %·ß6&'()X
 3 
'& ^ P ()`  &' Å ß _  e Ã{Á &'^ P '&  &'() zL 3]  e Œ × \ è O
   3
X-MN]5()Ã%"() 2 %‰'()K ()'& S%Ö Ôµ&'J³&ßaÃKÁ
3
ÃÁ54 ¦ßܒ&   'ŒS%Ö '& ß()+ 4 4 óÃØ]&'ðß()’õjPb&'
94  33 9
#Øâ&'d&_ 7Ö ê™è '& Ñc 4 ÃÖÁ&'k( %¼8X-c 4 °ê_& 4 P()
 `
ÃØÖS%()ê()2%&_ ()]()ôè+ 4 e t;&'Ø®×âèá^¼6É()&'º ße
9  3
&'()6kS%&'¹dêjÎi6h()ÃPê&'  %Ð&'S%-S‡Ïß]efg
 3 3 3 3
q&­r|  ß 6Ãp ÐÁ () &'Ö  ª‰¢ 8 ¿&'  6 Œ oÁ UÍ mn lä Á à()ß
9 3 
Ã8&_4 7Ö øST6&'ç()]» ()tu¼]() '& Ö Ps ß 6d‰¢ à }ST𪉢

24      




¹‰T «Ü]5()ÃwzÉeSTyS%fix&'w¹^¼&'?@¥vdMÜ %
3 3
¹‰TÃo~ tu X- É 6()• U} Ð 6Š|s S%  eST è vd Ð 6{Ã' < tu
3 «¢    3  
„ è()¸Ð6u6Ã×ð‚ ƒ PžS%ºÜS‡Ï¼+g&'S %xP&'?€+º gè()¸Ð6u
3 3 3 
Î63 ‰ü‰¾ˆM' ‡ûüS%&'S4%¼†…+:ó4 e¶ÜãS%()qS%j&'× ß5
3
Ö)( S4%Ö É&'e
3 
·)> % '& ?Pü‰¾Ö&' ó¼ÐxwÖ  ÎX-]Š è'& ?e
 3
P +,S  %&' ¹dk(  %k( 4 ¾ è '& ?  ü‰¾ Ð 6u 63  ÃØ '&  )(  S Œ6kS%&' ¹d '&  )( k(  %k( 4 ¾ '&     Á   ß ‹Ž
 3 
‰S  %()'&  ò& "]üÖ èù+,S  %&')> % ³&Ð6Š|sº  ÃS  %()'& ?P+,S  %&'¹‰T {Á()Ž
  3
+,S  %&'ÛS%)> % 𐑠ß'&  )( XÃ×ν¹‰T ¼+,S  %&'¹d % 'Õ & Ö Pe
 
ßù+,S  %&''& ?¼‘'&   +,S  %&'º'& ?¹‰T ÜKÁS   %&_4 ˜ÛS%M0e#–ù&'ê'& ?Pù
3
ÛS% % ðß6 Í¡6:0e#wù&'ê3Ptu¼‘ ðß()ÃKÁ
3 3 
ß“ےÑ6:ÃS  %()Gè'& S ‡;% ]» % ß()Ð^&'$eäÁS   %&_4 ˜
3   3
'&   ØÝ Pž›ü‰¾š#%™&_4 Θ —  ~ º Ö&'–Îe•
&'” º Üܵ&'
 3
è„ '&  µST0]&' Ÿß6 :'&   ØS %'& PXߝž¹d6 :ÃP·œš
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3‰T º°MØPdX- % Ü()S  %&'Î+4 e t;3‰T ß_eÃØâ&'סÉ'& ë 

+4 e t;3‰T  ã Ö S  %¥ ß e# ¼  2() ¤ M ð Ð ()£ ]» ¼ 6u ¹‰T  Ö ¤ ¢Î

 k( 4 ¾0e'&   3hP+,S  %&'¹‰T ¨©'& ?eÃʧ ¦2()'&   Ê2()#
3 
äV» 4 „ռ͡6:jøSTÐ&'À" ÃS  %S  %'&  ò& "«&ò‹ª()
 
]()¼®()ê)(  2%)( ò& ‹è+4 e t;äÁ K­ %]»¬fi¼S4%ßc 4
3 3Ï 9 3 
j 5Я)( eä]()°AS4%¼6S‡  ßøâ¯)( ÒÓ'&   ÖS  %()'÷ & É6-S‡Ï è‰<¡
3 3 3 3 3 3
)(  O6MßÎ#ê6 )( ò& ‹)(  '& Ö  % è6S‡Ï ßeÖÉ3&'²eST¼Ñ#÷êöè3±n'&  )(
 3
 Ã'­& e f·Xܒ*¼]¶µ # '& ´²ÃÔê6-S‡Ï ³PÖS  %xÆS  %P
#S%() ê B Î -STÖ  Ñ è '& ()ê zL  + 4 e t; Ð c4  Ãk Á n   K­  % ]» ß () 
  3
e#–()M &':;Mßc 4 ÃÊ MÊ+44 ;TÆ&'S % %PeøênÜÍ¡6:
  3 3 3
¼°±ºÃw»‰¾# &'ºX-¾&'P°±S%Ãʹ¼± ° S %(]üÖ P

25      





P + 4 e t;#øSTÐ&'À"‰ Ö}Œ&'ºX-è¼5 §Ãʼ)( ½¼5§”
 3 3 3 3 3
S %xÁPS T&Rè6 S‡ÏMØ3ÀPa¿()M‰¾6S‡ÏjÃØÖ¾Î6­& e fM
æ 3  3
]&­e fSç  + 4 e t; Ð 6Š|s Œ KÖ  ß øâ  6Ã&ò‹ &'  + 4 4 ó ()£ ¼ ¼5 § ¼ SY4;% ÃÊ

¼ S4% e  4  è ¼5 §Ã×  2() &') è ù  - È S% V  + 4 e t; &' × &'ß É ()Ä
3 
à {H ¡¢ 0 X ‰i Æ °± S%Ãê @Å MN ¼ ­& e fM  + 4 e t;  Kè ã – &'ó
 
è &'Œ Ü Ã' {Ö  MN ¼ 6Ç KÁ K¾ ¼ ¼5 § Ü ã S %¥ ß &'S4% ` а ± º
3 3 3 3
‰¾#Ø6ËPÊÍ&'É6 È º  ß  Ñ  #  {Á  È& '  '
& 
 ò
& " _
& 4  è  X   Ï    { Ö    Ðê  5µ
3 
X#'<k(  %k( 4 ¾ S%iÁÎÃÊÍ 4 ‰i Æß2()MÕaÌ0Ðê6S%Úè
3 3  3
S  %()êÑ 4 ß-MиÏ&_4 Ð(),è°±S%ãÊ3~jÃÊèÉ»‰¾ 3]0
3 3 3 
Ö÷6 Ó&'ÜÙÚP¸èS  %Âß&'()¼Ã{H6ÒÉ6ù()ò& ‹Ä"e&'
3 3
#Ø ù()MÜß-&'¸S %†ÃS%()ê6‰¢PÔ[6ÆS %¼ÊÍÐ6Š|s&'
 3 33 3 M
ð&'?KèPUVWXäÎ&'Ö:;ß’¯ãj5()ÃS Y;4%k( ¾ PÒÓÕ º S%6 È
3 9 3  3
‰¾ %+ 4 e t;Ãx Ø_& 4  %0c 4 #S%ê()2%Ôµ&'×è+ 4 e t;6ÃØ ()M
3 
Ãâ&'()M&'Ø)( MeS  %6É&'ë &'
 3
ß c 4 #êjÎqÅÃ]()6&' ()•¼ ‰ 4 ÙÏÅ %ß c 4 ÐK­ %]»e
3  3 3 3
6úPÐ6S‡Ï¼eã ÜKèßeÃÁS  %&_4 Û‰ 4 º ÙÏ %ß3ŠZ¢zL'& Ú
3 3 3
 %¼3ŠZ¢zL&']()ßS%P¼Þ-S‡ÏÐeÃßÝÜ()ÉÎ6eMS%è'& & '&'5
 3 3
Ãâ&' j0äáÎqeãÊ!Ž‰ 4 ÏjÃKÖ ß()M()›6à&'$
Ù
3 3 3
njS%ê¬è&'º&'+ 4 e t;06ãKÁ 0eK­ %jß 6Í¡6:

Ã'  Y6 () ße #' }^  -&' :; Ñ ÜÃ Ê â Æ&'S% SŒ6 : @ ¼eøÁ
 3 
j  ÃÊ ð +,S%&'  % #  + 4 e t; ä ¾&' P 6 '&   ð " ºî^ ž­&' ]üÖ   ã
    3 
. ð è ‰<¡  +,S%&' » ¼ + 4 e t; 0 e #– Â Ö  ß )( M ß æ å º  ¼ 6 +,S%&'
3 3 3 
ê¬6×'& )'& ­&'&')”¼žNS%ÜãÊ 6STÖ j0’Ãw
   
ÃðP-&'Æ&'S%&'êP-&'ª()‰<¡+,-+,S%&'S%†Ãç
   
V()•¼ &'é&ò‹ß6 :#K %j¼+,-+ 4 e t;ãÊS%Á3~jÎè©&'S%
26      


3 3 3 9  3
i6› ì S%M‰Yó_& 4 5()ÃÁ ÉëX-¼žœ 4  „S T&' M‰Yóê ß 6 :ä
3 3  9 3
ÃS%Ö STÉïë¼6› ì 3 S%M‰YóîäÁS  %&_4 e&'í]&_4  %M‰¾63 + 4 4 óÁß
  3   3
ÃÖp5&4 '¸&'ò#+ñ7+;T°ß¼«#×ðß6Á&è6 :ÐS%()^6
#ÐÜ&­& e fŒ{Ö ß ()MÜ&ÜóÈS4%+ 3
4 4 ó#ß &'()¼ÃÖ(ùX-èRÑ6ߥ

Ã÷ê&'þHõª() %ßÐôX-`#{ÁÈ&'STè’

ÖÖ  2 )(   ÷ Î ö   '&º e è Ü& ­& e f 0 e#– ê P c :;  6 :  +,-
 
å º ÃО­&'iÉ&'ëSYgÃ×É'& ëHõ:;ßÐ`Ðe¶ #Á
3  3  3 3
º ‰¾ Î Ð +ñ7  +;T °
ü º  à p 0  +g  ¼ 'Ú &  è ù ì eúû S % ß 3S% ]üÖ   ã&'ø

]5)( ÃÊþª() % Ìd º '&   Ø)( S T&' PÌ % j ý×êxü():;ßÐú ì û
3 3 
¼6j'&   pP — è ì S %Ðž­&'iß¿ã÷ê'& þè   '& eа º  MN
3  3
Ð`Ðä# Á M‰Yó j+4 4 óß6 ()K¥ãÊjS4%í()ÃÊ º ßÐü‰¾
3   3
X ÃKÁ]&'STé&ò‹ÜóÈS4%+4 4 ó
 )( •¼Hõª()" e¶   jÃ×  è,6ß
 3  3 
’ ¼ X :¢Z  X- + Ü#KÖ  ß ()M  &' M ¼ ^ &' 2() ºŠ ß() #q º¿'&   c Æ&'S%
3 3 3
V ÒÓP6 :üS%&'S4%¼†…º”#¼о&'ºã‰ŒÏj ¹&'HPeÃÊ
3 ß  3 
Ã×HõV&'=0eÐÂ&'×S  %&_4 6‡ë S4%(k4¾É()•¼eÐ6¦STÃÖ
3  3
ÃÁù÷Ã{V&_¤¥P¼3‰T° º ½¼+,S%&'¹‰T % ãØj ¿ÀS%P»e
 
¼ ÇÈ {&' ß &'S4%  ()  ’ &' Ö × j P &'S%ÃÖ ( è 2() øST  ’ e

èðXß]efgÃÖ×ðß 4 &'()&'3‰TH'& ()è()ߥÉ'& ëSYgä
  4   )( ¸ÃÖ × 6Ë 3  3
P 2() XY ¼ ()£ &' +,- &'µ  5L  øST  S%‰   &' 3‰T
  3 
ÃÊåº3£P+,S%&'eÃÊ3S%P+,S%&' %&'()3‰T㤼&'þ¤jÃKS  %&'ò& "
  
'& ë  SYg ä  ß  º #Ê  ð ܉¢  e 2() ã S4% j ÃÊ ()¥ + Î 2() +º gÈ
3 3 
äÁ ’#ÊS%êé S%#S% &'ÒÉ&'vó^&'º ()ÁÊð šÅKè3‰TÉ
 3  ¶ 5ÃÖ (û ¼ &'¡ S%U P  "
¼e Ð 6{ #%k(  %k( 4 ¾ &'º  () ÎÜc N &'6[  Î
3
ÃÖ&()Îj'& Xè3P63 #¼yè
3 ªg 3
º{»#M‰YóS4%ŒBº X-P2()+4 4 óß6Í¡6:

27      




#Ê&'ºP()eS  %ÃP k( 4 ¾!Ðä&'×&'þ &' P(k4¾X-Ðä ÃÁ ß  4 S4%
3 9  
6:ÃS%() )(  É Ü&' ¼ 3()% $  % è 6 : Ð ’ eÃÖ ( #Sç &' "() 
* 4 3  3
Ã÷­&  rl è5L Ð,&'à# &'é&ò‹&'6)#]ô(ÃÕ%Î()'&'&Í¡
3 33
'& î %)( _& eÃS  %()êéèù()M+4 e t;ÐÑS  %Ö ST+² % Ã Áðõ)(º '& Pe
 3 3
ÎeÃÊ+ñS4 %P,ù)( MP+4 e t;ãÊáPueÃÊ¿ÀS%S %ê¬è+4 e t;Î()ÒÓî

'& ^ P ð  %  ÜÍ¡  6Ã É _ ]() ô äŒ Ê ñ  ×  '&  † & è eÃÊ ]&' ó -
 
_®()'&  ò& "êPcª()è+,-ÃÊk(  %k( 4 ¾½ º 3 ¼ '&   é&ò‹jò./+4 e t;° º  ÃÖÁ
ˆf:E 4 4   ß  ¥#ß
í() jÃß ² '&    :; ß ]e fÞ'&    Á ‚ 6Y< 5&' ¸ '&    ò#0#5L

Ã' %ª&ò‹jß1hu²Éïe‰')( Mð54 Ö ]Æé&ò‹´\ãjS4%
PÑ S%S  %&'ò& "§ c3P­& e f÷ãjŒ %Ã{Ö STð2…&'½ X-¼
  3
3]()PÉRÑ]ŠS  %ü&'ß3ŠZ¢zLÉ&'ëSYgÃØ ÎX :¢Z X-²Kè
3  3  
Ð 6Š|s#S%~4 P žS%ºÜS‡Ï Ñ ¼ € +º g Ð 6u ¹‰T ã Ê j S4% í()Ã'& # øST 

ã–+ J P()£K¥¼6u¹‰TÃS%()&'ò& "]&'ó è 2()º k(  %50ei¥
3
k(  %k( 4 ¾º½¼Q&'»¹‰T0eà 6Ü()S%&'03£6kS%&'$#Š´\¼2()
3 3
ñ  ×   &') è 3P Å  ]()() 8û  S%H &' Ì ‰¢ ß 7 eÃÊ ¿ÀS%
3
¼eÐäˆ&äÁÔ¥ÉX :¢Z X-@Œ]&'S T&'Ö‰ ¾ß3PjP2()k(º  %5i¨'& ©ÃÊ
  3 3
k( 4 ¾X-03£+,S%&'¹‰T3öÃÖS  %()()&'ò& ""'& 9ÎŒâûS %êÓèR

ÃkÁ : &'ÅKèß6Í¡6ÃF@¤]()è
3 3
6†Û6ã ÁjŒ•C<¡ P 6Í¡ Ãß () ’Œ Á 3Pê()½º 4 %ÈKèß  4 S4%e&
3 3  3 « ¢ 3 3
Ð6Š|sS  %]S%ê< ÃâûS %êð‚ ƒ Pk(  %5Ð6{ÖÁ;S %ê3PøST]()'& Ö 0

ؾ&'P()Mâ&' S4 %=>&'PÍ¡Î &'ß¡¼Ù&'ÅÃ÷êUM&'Î3Pe
 3 
É@() ?&'jÎ &'Å  ’ß „ ÃØS%xS%Œè^ º  &'  ß &'() %ÐÑ&'
 3 3 
fg@5()ÃÎ  &'nA¼6S%•Î,P6 :+ 4 4 ó"e %ÃS  %Ö ST,[&'º )

¼ d 4 „Õ# øST  8 X- è 6 : &' × B É 6d‰¢  Ð c 4 + 4 4 óÁ  ß ]e
  
¬ jÃâ&'&' )( 2 % C É _ Å#õ P =>&' É @ 6 ()ÃØST ð P q   &' Å

28      




æ  
ø6&'n=Eè()¸Îq]()D&'X-#zL^ß¡()MP6Í¡ãS4%
 3 3 3
 &'żc 4 M'ÇÈÉ=Š£óù6&'()F¡&' zL#X-6Í¡6:54 Ö 
3   3
¼ 6É _ ]&'G Ü#× ö É '& ë 
  &'S% Ð 6Í¡  è S4 % ÑÃ{Á ÇÈ q º¿'&
    6Ãk V  ê P  
e Ð ()£ ]» ¼ 6Í¡ ÃÁ  ()H  % ß õ &'  5­  &'
 3 3
¼ &'S‡;% ]»  ¹&'H P eÃKÁ &'^ P &ò‹ ()¸ &' ¼  yè ]&'G Kè ¼ Ðê Ê è()H
3  3  
¼ J 6I º  ß 3‰TòP  &'´ &' ü‰¾ É &'ë  SYg ÃÊ ST &'R ß &'
3 3
ù&' 0 M ß Í¡  54 Ö  Ã3‰T &' ~L -S‡Ï  ]()•Ã3‰T&' =‰Yó KÔ
3  3 3 3
e Í¡ 6:ÃÊ ()M K­  % ]» ß ‰<¡ 6 ‰ ® Á jS% _&  & ο%#Ê

Ã'Ê&'zøST()HÎ5N
 3
ß &'()FNzxwADpO@ k(  %k( 4 ¾Í¡ 6:ãÊð j@ %¼ÐÁ )( He
 3
'& RÉÐÁà()ßiFQzEp NzxwADE{@ k(  %k( 4 ¾'& ¼#ùPÎÐÁà()5N]&'Ò
 3 
'& ()   k(  %k( 4 ¾ Í¡
S%   +4 4 óÃÊ  ]— PS%S Î   e&'
 P &'S% jÃÕÁ
¼3€]» P<eÖ]&'<¼3ö()&'eß6Í¡#TÁàk( 6Y<
 3  3 
&'()  k(  %k( 4 ¾'& ¼  ê V¥&' %PÙ&'()US%&­r6Y<6&')( eÃS%Ö STß &'
3 
½ zLFYA‚po@KXÃÊ  W  ß () ¼ ^ ã Ø 6‰¢ P S4 % e jä Á à() ß
3 3
Ü()S%&'Î %¼KXãÊj[PÐÁҀÃÊҀMÊ3S%PFZzyDuB 0zEpA‚yp@
 
Ð  )> Ã^ ð  %u ¼ ]É Î    ()‡è ^ øST  X Ã' j \&'
æ s 
#ÜÃç6&' n =Eè )( ¸6:ÃÖ½Y`  ß % ()‰
3
4  Y,PzÛ_&' ~Œ×Êè6O5
 3 
ÃÕÁ&'RÉÐÁà()ß&'() k(  %k( 4 ¾'& ¼ #aaâP k(  %k( 4 ¾
3 3
 % Ü()S%&' Î ]» Ôµ&' 0  Ñ Ê ]&'ó ðO() Î  ¼ ¹()Ö  3> % P •C<¡ &'S Te
-S  % Me 0  d ÎÃÊ úû c ¼ 6b ÜÃÊ ST P RÑ F¡ ÎÃÊ â 
  9 
S %Áe6()P€+º gÎÃÊ»¼iç&_4 `ÎÃ'&'ó¼egh¼fÃû
3 3 3
RÑ6ÎÃÊ&'RÉÐê&'û1Ö n'& &'Î6Ü#'{Áakje6()M‰Ê
  3
m()è¹()Ö 3>#¹‰TS%ÁU}+,S%&'Ã'U}ßl ÃRÑ&­r|Ôµ&'
4  ÃûÚP
 3
øâ¹()Ö ­& e fÐzÛ_ùøSTÃÊ&'()ÈÉÐêÚRÑj+,S%&'X6èãÊέe

29      




3 3 9
™o % 6nä0ezÛ_ÃÊÎ()]&'STKST&'¼e 4 ÃS  %()()6n&'Lß
 3 4 ±>É'& ëe’¹()Ö 3>ÃKÖ ê
e‰Ê+óp¹h %¼eÃÊ®V)( ò& ‹P5L
î Ã'‡ûÚ]&'nM'RÑ()qÉRÑ]»ÃÊðXS4%P6Z±>Ü 4 øST
 3   3  
 )>ÃÊ6r'& &'MÊ»&'º S‡;% %ÃÊSTP^& º 'X"eè6Í¡3]
3
Ð-wºvPÐÁÎu 4 F¡Ãâ&' jtßKs06Í¡6:#ß&'()
3   É6 :
Ã' @Ð6â&'x&'ß()
S%  Ã'a&'&'()#5­
   ß 63 É&'ë+y
&'ßzeÃX:dT Á 6ý
S% Í¡ ã ÊKÁ 5­
 
Hä|()Î()ÒÓè+ 4 e t;+44 ;TP e¼c×4 #É'& ëSYgÃ'%Ö {ðH­Î
 
:; ½ے¼63 ÃÊÛÖ &'P{&_4 + ;T•:;¼6 :ŒÊS%Ö ST­j~Ê}()
 3
ãÊS%Á ­Œ'‡û&'øSTè+ 4 e t;ÇûS%Á ð'& ()Î+ 4 e t;Ü0e#Ê
3
~Ê6ý()'&'&É3S%+ 4 e t;
ÃÊ â&' Á €” ß Ñ Ê ÔÉ ]»  %ÃÊ ]&' < j ð ß à()  Í¡ 
 3 `
+ 4 e t; ‰ Ê :; +óST ے ¼ 6Í¡  ÃÊ â&' Á ð ß 6&_ () () øST  ] ÜÍ¡
3 3
0²„Î+ 4 e t;ÜMN]5()Ãâ&'Á ƒ6‚ Î6&5]&'É3S%

¼¿Ê()MÎ6"…ÔÉ]»jÃÊâ&'()+²()¼Ñ# Ü() Ö ð
 
ÃÊS  %()x܆ÎÐ X-™ÐÁS  %&_4 É_±>ÃÊ¤Ö Eße
3  
()‰  î³&#'()MAÛˆß6Í¡ãÊ6‚+º ñS4%S4 %jß&'‡&'STe
3 D ƒ   
B 6Y<—˜~ º Ã'Ê&'êe‰%ðÚPe&'%êeèŠeÍ¡M#ß
3
S %Hß”“S  %™º&_4 #’ ‘[&' ß   4  #FŽ E&'#]”Œ‹#PDN
 3
]» e  Í¡  Ð 6{ ' G X #— ]–Õ ¶ k(  % &' 6[ 2@•
3 3 93
#jN'& #š$Ý|sß™k( %5NXÃʼyè¼®()˜ % '& S%xU€è&'‡
 3 3
zL]»ó^ &'º ()M#' Ê&'Á ðS4%ÒÓ—&'S  % ß ¼ #•Ý|D„`   ßœ›
3   3
ãÊ3&'HÉ #MžPS4 %e‰'X:dT êM‰YóÎ63  Ã'Ê&'êÚ†;Y `Pé
3  3
Ã'a&'&'()#»&'#Ð6Ÿ &'G6
33  3  4
&'» %()&_ ¡Œ6ÁS%ê&'#ÉRÑ6+4 4 óß#É&'ë^ 4 „Sç %&'S%&'5L 

30      




` 
)( ¥ ]¡Î º½ ß&_ ()»ÃÊ&'ó ¼ º½ J #ß 6 ¢6 () #º
 3  
4 ¥ ¹‰T 3º ŠZ¢ q ¿º '&   Ñ Ê -S%  É  &' Å e
 % è 2() Ð ^ º°  £ &' ' {Á 
 
2()#øSTøST3‰[&' Q# O^ º #K^
º ßW&'¼Ñ¤ÃÊ(É'& ëO
ÃÊÖ׳P ÒÓ
 3 
ÑÊ Q‡Ö Ü3‰T #+4 e t;ÃÊS%ê¬&'S%&'+4 e t;&')è3‰T#3PêÉ_]»
  3  3 3 3
H^ zL  6Ì S% Ã' {Ö  %êSY4;% 3] #% žN S %(kYö , ê ™ Î °3)( Ö  S% ¥(k% ¼
3  3
 ÐP — §ããÊjâP %ÃS%êSTPS4%>ßÔµ&'Ãè¦&­e fà 6?
3 3
ÃÊ ©©¹&'HP2()&'ºÃçÖ 2ù]&'ÄãÊjâ %ÃS%()ê¨&'ºÉ&'e
 3  3 
¼&'S%ã'ª Ã%êk( 4 ¾ i 'H & 0eÜS%S%Ö &'ó¥jßÔµ&'¼Ì­& e fŒS%Á÷
  
­&']üÖ  S%ÃÕÁ»&'Î()ßî¥ù()ÌÎãÃÊ j()«
 3 3 3
ð"6º × ù̞   Ö 5NeÃÁ^X-ßÔµ&'ÃèžNS%(kYö ,
3  
 Œ Ê  ê ¹&'H P c :; & 3£ P +,S%&'ÃÊ ð +,S%&'  %  ù 2() ¾&' P    Ö  &'
~Ê×l ¼²&'RøST-&'ež   Ö
3
P<¼3&'U}&'3‰Tß6Í¡ÃÊ^”]()•ß 4 S4%2()¬
º è­e
3  
4 e t; 0  ® è S4 % e ã Ê j ­ ¡ÃÊ øST  ­ X ð ²
S %ê ¬ è &'S% &' +
 
eÃÁ¯}Æ&'S%¹jŒÊêP-&'žÌ]üÖ &+,S%&' %ÃÊ]&'ó

Ãû°Î5N()èõÆ&'S%
Ðùò& ‹2@±3 ÃÊ×6Ë 3 øST+ óß'& S%8«r sÐùò& ‹WÁÊÜŒ %Pe
4
3 3 3
 ­&' &' ¦ Î 6#{ê M&';  M  6Ö &ò" &_4 © &' ²&' )( • ¼ W Ñ  6Ö &ò" ¬

‰#ÊÖ×â´è~&ò‹­&'&'¦ß &'ÅÃÊKÖ STŠ$ %¼³
3 `
Š jÃÊ nZk( 4 ¾ l  ¼ e#Ê Ö × 6Ë ß ùò& ‹º W 5N Ñ è ~&ò‹ e É ()• ¼ &_ ± -Ö &ò"
 ·% 3 3  
e ÃÊ 8D` () Î ¶'&  > µS4 % % è X :¢Z  X- ™ ÐÁ ÇÈ ß ()£ ¼ ž œ 4 „ST&'
 3 
ê V „ó ¼ ã É &' e ­&'ÃÊ ¹ Æ&'S% P¸’  % Ÿ ¼ ­&'# ¨©  Š
  
Ñ #Ê Û]()m 5N X¶  ß ()e #„ ó¼P — § ã  0 3d ¹º ¼ ­&' ÃÊ S %Á Ì
 3
šP ¼  a03d¹º¼­&'ÃÔ{Km6(3 )+g£0»S‡Ï  º >&'ÒÜ5N

31      




3  
`&3d¹º¼­&'ÃZ{×0»S‡Ï ]&'S TßüÖ 5NÑ#ÊS %S  %()êß()Xº 
3   3  3
è6Ò° º  ßüÖ 5NÑÊS % '&  Î ½'&   '&  º()eÎŒÊÛÖ ™6ÒÉ­&'
  33 3
ßüÖ 5NÑ ÊS %Á &'S% 4 ¾ß ù()5NXÉeŒÊq()ê '& ä&'&   ÃZ{ '& 
3 3 3 3
6Û­&''&    Á6Ëß’6Ö &ò"M#Êþ3]6 ÈPP — §ãj ÃÊÖS  %()ê'& š02&_dYg

­&'É'& ëSYgà ²KèÎÊ͹¿P'?€ `eÃÊ,[øST
 33 3 3 É­&'&3d+ , '&  4
­&'’ ä‰Ê S %Á &'S%  4 ¾ i 'HÉ& eŒ()ê '& äÎÐH6Ò Ü_& ¼

•C<¡P ¼  a¼eÃêöŒÊû'&   ()ê'& äŒÊûÜÃS %Á ~‰ç PeÉ3d¹º¼#Ò)(
   
ÃÊÛÁ^,['&º )è6Û­&'MÊ•C<¡P8CF À º 5NXÃÊS %S  %()êü%üÖ 

ã Ê ]&'óÃÊ ¹ Æ&'S%  % #  X- Pž ã ­&' É ¦ 4  Ú Ü¿a Œ Á() Î e
P ÊÍ j ã { × &'# Î ™ e É Â eÃ{ (  ê ¬ Î 2() 3+ º  ¹¿ Î
 3  3 33
ß&'S%ÃÊÆÈ6â& º _4  % 0+g£&'&'ÅP6 ÈÃÄ %ãÏ k( ¾ T
3  
Ç ê P +;T è  Æ&'S% eŒ KÁ :  &' Å ¼ 2() º¬ &' {Ö  ß ()M 3ŠZ¢ ª() + 4 4ó
33
X#ße#¤¼&'þ¤M ¼2()ß ]efgÃÖ×ö É&'ë2()k( ¾  T %#{Á
3 3  9
& àÊ«&ò‹&'lTP2()3£P+,S%&' %ãÖ(j#{Á%ç&_4 7Ö èŠ
Ü&'&'&''Ú
   
Ö }STßùÄ©T2()&'()MKS  %&'ò& "åºS4 %È %6Ã'
  3 33
X-Ü()êS  %&_4 ži­&'ß &'¼2()ºŠãZÁ +,&')( ðS%êk( ¾jÎe
  3
<
× “&')(  P  Æ&'S%  e ß ‰ ¡ Î ÃÖ ( ê P ÊÍ ¹¿# Î  ­& e #è ‰ f 4 Ï Ù

øST  •Ë< ºÊ è S%Q ¤ ]() ß  4 S4%  Ê ß âŒ Ü&'­ Ð 2É ´\ &'R àÃÖ
 3 33 3
ß âŒ Ü&'­ 5N XÃñ Á É Ê Ì() ~‰ç P 3+ S% S%Q 6# %()&_   6ÃS%()&'ò& " ,[
3
eÃÖ ( ,[ øST  ¦ 4  {Ú Ü¿a&' Í {   ÒÍ Î#Ê ê() P 2()  Ñ
 
Ì()&'¦ 4 ºÊãÛÁ Ó5N]&'ÒS4 %jÎ &'Åe#)( MS4 %Qí…5N
s 
j'& S4%8«r  ßùò& ‹ºWÃ'6ý,[øST¦ 4 S%Ö ¼2()&'º Î&'Ê6ý~&ò‹jßÊ

2() &')¼ 3‰TÎeÃâ&'  S4%^Kèß  4 S4%eãÊ KÖ ST êÁ  5NeS4%

  ÃÊÖÁÓ5N]&'Òð~&ò‹PÐÁ¹Æ&'S% %·&')&'χÖ 
3  
 % P ž ¦ ß SY4;%ÃÊ øST  Ð Ê º  ²P eÃÊ ð  5()  % P ¹ Æ&'S% e

32      




3 3 
 ´ Ü&'&')(  P > Œ {Á »&' Î ()    Ö Ã' ­&' &' ¦ ]üÖ   ã    Ö  ã Ê ð j&'SY;<
3 33  3  
2()ÐP — §ãß’6Ö &ò"()¸ÃÔÁ &'S% QKèÎ6LÖ %+g£ 4 ÃÖÁÆ0
 " 3
{ÁÈ&'STè6Œ&'-w3]¼ ™ÐÖ ãØ]&'ój0eÃS  %()ê6‰¢ PÐÁÑ
3  3 
è6Ûï 2()ãÊðj6w %}STß6 Ão]()()S%Q¹¿ß 4 S4%2()
3   „ 3
6Ò° º ß&'eãÊÖS  %()¥jS%†ê()&'ºèžœ 4  ST&'Ã{}&'ºÉ&'e
3 3 3
¼ l ­& e f  ÊÍ  4 ÃÊ 6Ë P ÊÍ ¹¿ ¬ Î þº 3] 6 È º  jÃÔ Á × ]&'() () ¼
  3  
() +Üè&'ß’63 Ö &ò"ãÊùˆjÃZÁ¯H^zL#~‰çPS%QX-#5N
3 3 3 3
ãÊj[PeÃûS%ÁðÒ 4 +4 º óe i 'H & è6Ò + 4 º óe­& e fã 3&'HjÎeÃÕ¶()
 3
øSTl ¼RSTÃÊS%ê©©×Îe2()Œ()'&  Îu 4  ÎP — §ã&
  3 3
‰<¡+,S%&'ÃÊ~&ò‹P6Ô&'ùû&'-&'S4 %ß ¡ùÜè&'à#'%ÁÓYð3+

Ã7'&'º+ 4 ,l e#"%ê~‰çP3+ÒÍðß
 
‰i ÆjãÊÛÖ STS4 %jŒ6ÁS%êyè¼®è2()#{ÁÈ&'STèŠe+ 4 4 ó ß
3
¼ 5L 4  % Î #Ö  ß ” ]()ô ‰ 63 S‡Ï ÃÊ S%Ö  0  a¿ e &' Õ Î ()ò& ‹
  3 
0e#ÊSY`×&'()M]— %&'S%Á'& µq É&'()ê]()ôe5L 4 ÃÊÛÁ& 'óð
 3 3 3 
•Î,ÛS4% Î 5L 4  &' +,&' Ü_& 4   4 SÎó P + 4 e t; Î 6S‡ÏÃÊ S%x ¹º ð è 5L 4  É '& ë ÒÓ 2()
 3 
ÃÊ&'ó+ 4 º ƒó 4 SÎóPeÎ+,S%&'ÃÊ
3 4   3 3 3 4
 3&'H5L ­& e fÃÊÜ&'()HÐÖ ß()MÎ}Æ&'S%+,S%&'ØÊê¿ÀS%PÔµ&'-S‡Ï5L
5L 4  ‰ ' ù&' Ûy \&' ¼ + ,S%&' ã j ÃÁ SY`×&' ð Ú X- #ß 3Ù k(  %k( 4 ¾#ß &'() ­& e f
3

+,S%&' à  a  5L 4  # Ê ñ Ü&' &' Ê â&' ܵ&'3  a  + ,S%&' 63 S‡Ï ÃÊ â&' ù  % É '& ë ]&­e fM
3 4 3 4  &'()
#ß 6Í¡ ÃÊF ÜO qAzx‚yp @Ü&'() X() P 5L  S%†ÃÊ 3S% P Õ X-  5L

jÃÉ'& ë2()+,S%&' S%Ê Ö× É'& ë + 4 e t;()ò& ‹è 3‰T#ß ]e fg,ÝS4 %
4 è2()ãÊ&  
Ã{(ߋŽ5L 'ó54 Ö  äß º #Ê2()P5L 4 3‰Tã S4 %
  3 
S%Ö  ST &'R ß &' ¼ 6 È % 2() Œ ' %ê  É &'ë  2()  +,S%&' è 3‰T  + 4 4ó
3 3  3 
3‰T + 4 4 óM‰¾&_4 eÃÊß&'ÜÞS%d º &'ÛÁÇÈÎ6 È+,S%&'ãÊj@¼eÃÊ
4  ýÊË()K ()àÎ&'\3± 3 3 4 è
3± º  % 5L º Ü()S%&'Î6 È ÜŒ'ÇΙ5L

33      




3  
ÃÊÛÁ‰¾d 3]¼e&'ÊS%ÁÇÈÎ&'\
  3  4 +
zL j  ÃÊ S%ê&'Å É &'ë  d  &' Å S%Œ % Ü Œ Ê S%Á Õ Î 5L 4 4 ó 3‰T
  3  3 3 
jÃÊS%êqâèáST-S‡ÏjÃÊS %Á'& µqÉJ6I º jÃÊS%ê ò& ‹KK&'ß½¼6&'()
3 3

63 S‡Ï&'º ?eÜ#ÊS%ÁIÉ&'\3± º Ñ5L 4 ãÊj@¼eÃÊS%ê63 S‡Ï'&º ? %
 3  3 
 zL&'X-Ü¥&'&'#{ÁÇd‰¾&'zL %è3‰T + 4 4 óÃÊS%Ö ß()MÎ
  3  
63  Ü#' %ê  4 ¥ 2… M   % ÃÊ S% y j'&  P 5­  ]&'R  Œ ' %ê &'# É
 33 
ÃÊS%êk( ¾H®+,S%&'è3‰TM'%Á>Î2…
3 
_ ]» ã Ê ]&'ó 0  eÃÊ ¿ÀS%(k%k( 4 ¾ º½ ¼ ¹‰T º»  Œ Ê +,&'() & j j
 3
ß  4 S4%    º Ã{ ( ¬ ¬ ¹ Æ&'S%&')è X :¢Z  X- ß ¦& 4 ' 2()&') è 3‰TÉ
 3 3   3
nŒfê 4 ¥É=Š£ó6èå&'º ?` &ÃÁ5L 4 &'()ò& ‹{+,S%&' 4 _& ¤¥P@Œ]&'R
3   3 
 S%Œ %è 3‰TøST e•ËC4 Y6YefX:dT  6&'&'ò& "&_4 è _& ¤¥ ¼üÖ » º #­& e fM2()Mß
3   
ÃÊñê ò& ‹žË()å %è-S‡ÏU º ßW&'¼ Q¹4M'X:dT êðÉ&'ëd
3  3
$ %jÃ{ã()Îj'& # %è ™ÐÖ Ü¥'& &'ãÊ]&'ó0e
3 3 3 3
É =Š£ó 6 Ü ã Ê ]&'() () ¼ 6#' È&' ~ñ Î e ¯() º°  MÃÊ „å P &'ä M Ê õ
ÃêöèXY]»e5L 4 ãÊyè&'æ¸]¡Ãfê]&'3 STÜÍ¡
3
]&'Ò'&& 'Ö ]çÁãÊ>()]
3
{y'&& 'Ö ] Ê>()]¥

F
s
  r q op2Cmn l jk i""0 gh ef  J d bc a '` ^_ ]YZ[\ QY
 €{ ~ = op2"8 } D  G   {| yzwx v4 du t   ' & /42
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34      




‫ﺣﺎﻻت وواﻗﻌﺎت‬
3
]EUQ'& &'èû

3
6&5éÅ3ê¿'& ¹()P
3
 ƒ Ï
Fìß+ƒ ]»nâ ¼¹)( Pè&_4 íÃë@

9 9 3 3 `9 9 9
î 4 &' Ê ¼  ï)( Ð ßS % 6[ '& è N ð^ ñ&_ )( ò)(  ¹)( P  &' ó _& 4  ¡
9 9 9 3
è   Ö  Ð  ß F¸e &'  Ê @ P F¸ j Ã Ê ]() ê )&( ' ]&() ¼ ])( ô π è 6 Ð õ&'ö
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jãS%Z6ÁûS%ê&'ÎPF¸ÃÎ6ہÉ@eßÃÊ×3÷P{û&'Ê]()()
3 3 9
 >6[&'èÃÔÁèøF¸Ü()S  %&'Î   S4 %É@ˆÃΔ¼   S4% %êÃ{Ö ß)&( 'ù&'
9
Î   S4 % %Éóˆ0eÃÊâ'& êð3P&'ÊÖÁð])( ôπ#Êðe&'–#Êð2()
3
ð^ ã Ê j  5() P F¸ ]¡ Ã Ê F¸  &' Ê F¸ ú 0 e  Ã ÔÁ F¸ è ø Ü()S%&'
9 3
U€0™h`HÐê])( ôπ­& e fÃØP„¥]¡Ü×û 4 PU€ÑÐ6[&'è
3 3 9 
S%ê,¦ýX]'I & ¼eßÃÊ×3PÉüHXÐe#ØúûßüHMÃÊS %êû 4  P
ÃZ6Áû
3 94 3 3 3  3
]&'Ò#'þÜ()S%&'Îû#Ê3PÅ_& P &'6['& ò& ‹5NS%Hº&'†&'&_4 @&'R
3 3 9 3
V'& RÜ()Åj‰Ã'Ü()Å_& 4 þj&''Ê&'êÜ() Î6AÛß()
 3   3 
jÃ'‡‰Yó]Æ() O °# '‡‰Yó]&_4 ]Æ()ß Ê Î™ +óø¹‰[
3   
6Š|sã'M&'; ß ()]'& ÒÜΙeÃ'Îß S%&'ó ]&'R% O %ð+óø
3 9  3  3 
¼6Ã'¼¿uþ]_& 4 Ι‡‰YóV'& ‡‰Y󤼗ÀÐ
3  3 3  3 9
6É+et Å&'6Ë

4 6 #Ê+et Å&'6Ë
 4 P¿uý¸ []_& 4  %
3 9
¡ ã  Ð ~&_4  -‰Yó4  3‰¢ ï)( Ã‫ اﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺷ
ﺪت ﺑ اﻻﻋﺪاء‬Ã Ê ]() ()() ð Ð º 

35      




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Î+óøn ‹¹‰[6% j‰Ã Ê×Ü() ðÐ ß ÎÑÊ ¤  4 M‰¾
3  3 3 3 9 9
#6Áâ&'êð3P¼6'& 6Áð()&STP6#6ÁP6ßÃ'Ü()Å_& 4 ðê+et
3 9
STêðß'& µê+etÎ n‹è3P63 ã–æ ¸j]¡0e
3 
Ιe ß Ã  êÜ)( ÎeðÜ' 54 ò&  ܋M^°ÜãS% {S%H
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ÉS4 %e ß ià ê3P É6û¼ z()() ã6Á â&' ð è6[
3 3 3 
Ê×()¸Mß nû 4 P()PÎ6û¼ &'6['& ò& ‹5 NS%H Ðeã 6Áe¸
ÃÊS  %ê3PjðÎ6STS  %&'ûð¹()P Ï
9 3
fl´e)( Ö Ã'TêS%'Ê&'ê])( ôπ–STS   %&'û3ê¿'& ¹()P i
3  3
fl´{¼¹()P3S%P¹()Pe ã6ÁS%êpj^ò& ßÃ'Ê&'ê&''TêÑ
3 3 3 3 3 
ß&'µe è3P &'6['& ò& ‹5NS%H&' Û ­ cfiS %HºÃû}()6&'¹()P
3 3  3
¼fl´Ð¶&'ÈS %HOS % ST¹)( P3P %Ιe #¼+ó”Ðßà S %ê
3
¼+ 4 óefißý¦hPfl´&'×Îõ&'ö¹‰T!"fl´Ð6Š|sÃ×É_
3 3 3  3
ß % ¼ &'6['& ò& ‹5N S%H#з'& Nð^–ST ¹()P]&'Rà  É (k¾]K
  
+óø63 Ö 3Š Z¢%¼ ‹ºÃ hPfl´Î63 ‰#+óøQ
3
%&' &'  % ù  ¹()P &' Ê  h P fl ´ Ð & c S%H ()$ ST  ¹()P Î 63 ‰ 
3  3 3 3
Pfl´Î6‰+óø3‰Œ„^ß%¼ &'6['& ò& ‹5NS %HÐk(  %¥>Nð^
 3 3 3 3 3
' Oß6ûà Ð'& 6['& ò& ‹5NS %Hã×3PjÐßS%6[&'è)( ¸Ã h
9 3 3
 ])( ô π ` Ð e ܉¢  e à Ê3   Á ð ( ß ) ý M Ê × * è 6 # ' a 6Ë
3 CDg 
-e 4  %¼e #ÊS%x6‰èB4 HõM+,Î Oð0™h
 9 
h/ %ÉU€e܉4 %&'Êâ'& Á.STÜ#ÊhP])( ôπPeM&'ÊÂÁ.STß
3 3
 NS%HÎMN]&'Rà Êâ&'ê3PjÎ6k()+ 4 ,6ù&' '0¼&'è1 4 '& STjÃÊ
 ¤ 3
ð^ãÊF¸ð¼eúÃÊ5()PF¸0¡ Íjß3PÅ + 4 óe'& ò& ‹5
 9 3 &'è
e&'Êâ&'ê3Pù¨©æ¸]¡ÜãÊF¸ð¼S4 %e #ÊPê])( ôπÐ6[
ÃÊâ&'™3PðÎ0ÃÜãÊF¸ð¼
_]»ÅãØ+ð  P3£¹()P ÃÊΙ¹()PF¸]î

36      




3  
n&'&'ã6ÁS%ê()2P“S  %i ßiÃS%Á eè¹)( Ö 3>É&'ë3>3PjÃ{×3PÉ
 3 3
4 „SçäÎ6&'äˆ&'64ˆ#5 êˆ#ÎÐèänä3
ãÊS%Ö 6nP©S çS%
9
KèS  %7KK&'ÃÊ'& P&'()KK&'ΙU€`J&''Ê&'ê])( ôπS%fl´
Ã6ÁË()ê™änäÎß n'& #6ÁË()¥()¸Œ6Áñ¥()¸ßÃf()ê8()$
 3 3 9
#êS4 %Î6ãS%()ê™ ]()49S%HÐߌØS%Ö ^ 4 „S çP])( ôπ %6­Éð
3
)( ¡ðΙ¹)( PS  %†Ã:êÎ;Ü&'<=‡ß¼Ã7fêÚùjØ&'>
3
iŒ7 ê3P&ãÊ@ÎUÍ¡ÃÊA3PÉ5&'Xã6Á?ß#Øã[Mß
    Œ¼Çȹ)( P+
 4 ÃZÁ×ãX:dT  ð5­ 4 4 óÃÊË()ê ò& ‹ðRSTu 4 P— §
3 9
UÍ3PêVC%D6Ê]()ðßnS %&'èB %ÐP — §i&'Êâ&'Á3Pð6i
 "
ù{É `ÐE­& e f&' Öð‰ ¾ß&ã6Á?Ιe  4 ßiÃÊ®Á
3  3 3 3 3
  Ö Ã&_ FiS‡ÏÃZ6?ðÉ3PßS%6[&'èð^&'ðÉ3P¹()Pߌ#ÊS%
 
&'èð^&' 0û¡G¹()P#0¹()P#0¡ãÊ+,¸&'()κ
3 3 3
Ãiî aÃÁßS %¹^P+ 4 , iÃfê>()0ßS%6[
F·&'Nð^r2©H @

37      




‫ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺜ وﻣﺎﳌ‬
3 3
ßS%6[&'èN

3 3 "
²S4%P+;T6Ö &ò
3`
F@ Ü_& Å %PôP

¹ º …€
3 3 3 
 ² S4%  +;T  6Ö &ò" &' ” 8I Ï¢ ¼ +;T ST '& R ß W&' ¼ < ¼ %  4 
3   3 
 % P +;T ã &() Ð  ÃÊ Â Ö  ¿? Ó % ¼ ‡‰Yó &'  Èñ   { Π™
 3 33 3 „ 3 33
)( 2%6Ö &ò"MßèJ¢k( ¾ Ü&'Ê %6â †;Y ,S%ÁJ¢k( ¾  T
3
{Â'& ´MKL]()•  %ß <]&'STeÃ'%ê '& ?fi $¬STUS4 % 6Òè ]&'
3 3 33
#Ê3'H & S%êðßN&'è,™Mk( ¾ P3+ÒÍãÊj#Ê6â
  3 33
OÆ&'S%MÊÁvÎ()^Ö &'PêQP+;T()MS4 %ÐÁJ¢k( ¾ T % ý
3 „
2()ãS  %()&'ò& "j&'×öÉ&'ë¹ %èeÐ,&'†;Y &'´Ã'NÎ&'Ö
  33  3 33 33 
4 S%Îk( ¾ NeTÃÊ+,&')( S%êk( ¾Î)( ^Ö '& P¤k( ¾ SNè3+R&']a
 3   3 
eŒÁâ'& ê()S%&'Ée S%k(  Y; ÙÏU¼e ‰i YgS%Á,&'¡lSÎälKè
 3 3
Ã'%{S  %‡‰Yó£Í 6Ι()VWͼ3ö¼
33  33
i ÄPeä0ÐêõÉe&'Ðxlk( ¾ è Oä %()&_ X2,&'´
3 3 3 3 3
Kè¼]ÉèeÉYZ4 :;;‡gÎ6&'+;T#6Ö &ò"¤6ÛÌ()2()'& ÊfiPS %Á[
 3    3 
Êß'& ”¼ %()¸k4( %ÜŒÁ4 S%i Ä+ 4 4 ó &'ãÊjHõP6à &'ó

ß 1h  e  F_``^ ]'& Ä \ #] V @ ÃÛÁ  &'ó ¼ ]É É 6Û 5() Î &'
3
ü)( ä ]dÎ`ÜãÊ=ÎeS%ÁþPOÍãÊjJP•Yd¬ &'a{,
 3 3
ÛbøSTäÎßU +gS%Ü&'­+;T#¼6Ö &ò"OÍ&ÃÁÛbnøST

38      




9 æ
ê&'÷è3Ù]&­e fSç e S%Z{S%()ê()&'èOͨ©=3>K&'¡ŒÁ

ÃZ{×&'þ  &'PÓS%+ 4 ,
3 „  3
'& '{Ud†;Y &'´ß 4 S4%ÐÁcO Í#„ÎM‰Yó]ae
3
~‰çH  &'– P ÒÍ eã Ê + Hõ ¹¿ P 6 Ι fŒ ÒÍ = ¼ e
 3
cßH&')(  %ðègÏ#× &'þhNjÐU&'STÎ@X&'ÊjS%&'ÉRH()
3  
'& ’6Ö &ò"Î&'ÖOÆ'& S%&'×'& þhN5() % ß7e Ð3iVÃÊS%()&'ò& "
3
&' ÎHõÛj()&' :; %{Á%ê'& µ è ~ò& ‹™Ð{S  %Í )( ^Ö &'P
3  
M P kl ¼ ‘‫’اﻟﺬﻛﺮ‬ ِ  ß ’ 6Ö &ò" ã p Ð 3i V ü yè ¼ Ðê4 S%  ’ è ð ¼N
ّ
33
>¼5N­& e fPм'& S%Émn io¦Ï# 63 Ö &ò"Mß()¥Îe#ÊÖ×Üó
 ` 
&'ëªqÐP — §i&'Ê}S Tßkl•%óe ð O5N¼63 Ö &ò"ß6p5()ÃÊ
  æ 
3+H@ÃÊS% &ò‹3êPÐêr%+gøSTkl&']'& =EÉ&'ëÑðè ()^É
33 `
nio¦MlKèPÊÍã'%êk( ¾j3iVÎkl•%óeFs3+Hfi
3 3
ëÁnÇÈþÉ 6Ë6&'ÑñÁ tΠĈä#Á× 6ËÐm

 OäÎ]&'uä&ÉXÃZ{Á.”lv %PÊÍÎe ý#Á
  3 3
ãS%#Á×xÆðP+ó”¼we ÐP — §i É&'ëªqãÊ3'H & ŒÁKÁwß6Ë
 
F_`3+H@Ã{Án‰Y4;<ßw¼®êPÊÍèlv’ %+g
3
4 ÃÐyz~{û3  >| &'}~•çS%ß]<]ef€Ö ße
3 3 
²S4%+;T6Ö &ò"ŒS  %xU€èŠ¼ÊÍÉ'& ë3±==û¥ %߁‚ƒ„
3 3  3æ
Óè6><eζ'& # %&'S%~ 5&'­P+ :;ç&'…ß‹Ž
  3
Ã7fê+󔼶PySTΙe ß&'É¿'& üyè¼Ðê
3
†‡-S‡ÏrHPJ¢
 3 æ 
S Y`×&'”¼()•'& ?P†‡ -S‡Ï=ˆß‰Í3+&'ehJ¢ß ¶ yST

…ßÊÍ&'%êÉ&'ë3±Š&'=û¥ %Š¼ÊÍßW&'¼XySTÃÊ
3 3  3æ
Ã'%êÓðè²S4 %+;T6Ö &ò"ß“&'´ò& ‹X&''%êÚè­+ :;çS%

39      




É&'ë¶ÜóÈS4 % %è'& ?ÐÁ ò& ‹&'P†‡eh,‹ß()•¼‰Í3+
  3
'& P D3 ß &'ŽSTq¿'& ªÃÊÛ¼MN¼ª3  i ¿Œ¼Ðê
 `
£Î» 4 wV5()Ã×Óè6‘ >&'?e Ð3‰‡„cV2@

”ÃÄÎ<eð6â• V&'’V#fiŠ£„2@“#fi2@« 4 ‰i Yg^°
3  
 J¢ õ &' eh #&'? J¢ 6â 6 &' ' –Î  &' P X yST ÃÊ 4
3   3 3
rÊñ×6Ëß&'¼äÓ)( 5&4 ')( —‰¾Pe#ʤ¼5NјŒ¼6Û]()•
3 3 3 3   
¼ù6 S‡ÏÎKÚÜ&'¼6 S‡ÏΛ&') ( SY4;% ãÊS%ÁÓ Î ™š¼U&'S TÃ
3 3  s
6ÛˆßÔµ&'ÒÓ])( ôÃ63 S‡ÏU §ãÊj©©PU&'STÃÊ()œ'& K‰l4
 3
†‡j Ã'()œ P U'& ST MÁj kl ¼ †‡,‹ 6 Î  fê]ÆS  % ¼ 6)” &'
3
r'Ó)( + 4 ƒó
3 3
6ß&'# Ã^#žÃ_#Ôµ&'-S‡ÏÃ#2()Ã
3 
¼†‡-S‡Ï,‹ ßõ&'ÒJ¢ãÊ S %ÁÓΡ‰Í3+
3 3
ÃÊ&' –P5‰ì]ü]ö()¼6S‡ÏU §É &'ÊÖS%xU€èkl
3  3 3 3  
èkl¼6&'£#øSTF¤&'Ü&'&'#ܗè'# & 6Ò@ ()–è2()¢ySTÃ
& 'Ú#
 
£¢Î6£&'è ¢&'ž¢&'øSTFܒ¥â&'&'eÄ#e &'¸@()>
   
¼U&'STÃ'%êÕøSTFܒS%¨&' (),¦#5ä#ͧ@‰<¡è6¢&'

]Ž ¼ PD Ã' Ûx U€ è kl ¼ †‡ Ü&'è; É 6© >  S%Q ¤ ]() Î MN
   3 s   
()>#()–ã'<&''%ê¤ÎSY;Y ƒ‹ &'ª^#S%&'óè6©63 yST#ß
 3  3 ` 
ÃÊ)( œPÊÍkl¼&'()6Š:;%6ß6&_ ()3]#‰<¡&'
9 3 3 æ 3 
ÇÈÉ&)( [Ôµ&'-S ‡ÏaÑÊ@'& ()îÎîÜP]'& =E膇6@&'()PS%&'ó
3 3 3 3  3 3
 4 kl¼6ÃÊ«SYZŒÏß&'¼Ô[¬Ôµ&'&'&'S ‡;%#()' Pe&'ëÜ&'
3 3
É &'ë  †‡ j ã û S %Á ð xÆ ÷ ¤ #û -Á Î MN 6 () #3ó 4  &' ()M
9 3
ßÊÍÃç× 4 S4%­P'& ™®)( ¯ß†‡6ãÊ&'P&'()ð3÷÷&''&'ÇÈ
  3   3 3    3
&' +óS4 % ¼ +óò& ‹k(  %ü ß ‰<¡ #ܗè'& &' &'Ú ß ()– ‰i Yg >± &'°ò& ‹ ]()• Õ a 6Ë
    33
É&'ëSYg¼&'²³øSTS%&'óÃ'ãS Yg¼e +g´¼ܒ]&' &'S%&'#µ

40      




  3 3  
Î&'šP¸¼¸&'Ö ¶#Ðê&'·Ü†"+óò& ‹k(  %ü#Ðê 3êP'Ú & +ñ S4 %yST
3  3
Ã'%êê)( PܒºSg¼()­&' /)( è&'¹#Ðê_&  &ð
 3 ZŒg  
„h&'»ß 3 ]ÆS  %¼ÊÍ3+0†;¼ ãÊS%Áj()œßH&'()ª^
 ó
 ; YÁ
M ' Û Ö  † &' 3] Ü ß H&')( e  Ã{ S%½ Î Ð ß ¾ &' ¿ À &' { ¼ 
 3 `
‰i Yg#'¤¼6Ë0Ðê&'()è¿PÐÁÐHÎlß&_ ()ðäßÊÍ
 3  3 3 3
&'&'¼&'^ß&'¼ÐÁnjS%êÂ)( è'&  #»&'¼Ðê“ Ü'& &'ß&']&'Ã
3     `
]&'() ()ÒÓ¼Æ>èÇ ()¼ ()&'+óS4 %¼m&'ÜÈÑ #4 &'Åß &_ ()2()ÄP
  
Ðê >&'¼Èß5äSYg¼Ñ'%Á³3+²ðøSTª^Ãܒ}()&'ò& "
   3
#\Á qâŒS%&'óÎÐên >&'¼'S%QFÐêÉè6'Ú & ()ß&'
3 
ÃÊÛ)( &'É­&  r‡;%&'Ê ‰
3  3 3  3 s
6ËÌ 6&'ê'& þè~‰¾3&'w &' ()>Í;6S‡ÏãÊj)( ¥ÎSY;Y ƒ‹
3  3 s 3
#'%Á—&'Ά‡z^&']&'ó #SY;Y ƒ‹ ÃêÎ 4 Î6#ÊÛêe&'ÏÎ
 3
†3  ;%¿&'Ñäl ¼63 &'S %Á '& µ¯ßz^S%]&'óä63 ÐP63  ý
3     
3êPÒ&'&' &'œ#&'Ó{Á%ê ()–É&'ëSYg¼eÐySTÃÊÛÁ¼
3 3  3 æ
CY4ó&'®()&'ò& "°S%0³-×è&'&'3‰¢#]&'=ÔP 4 ()Ö dÐ #Ðê
  3
5N ¼ ª^ &' S%&'ó ÃÊ × ê() P ºSg Î µ  ܒ 6Õ&' &' 6b #6Œ&' ß
     3 s
&'4 ()Ö n[S  % 4 S‡; %ySTÉ'& ëSYg¼e'& '%Á³‰g·<ðøSTSY;Y ƒ‹
 3
F_/‚ƒ@Ã'%êê()Pû 4 '& Ö0-S4%&ò"
 3 3
jÏ # —[ P]NÊÍMßkl >&'¼†‡ 6&''× ½4 %ÈS%†‡jÃ_
  3
ßÈ>&'™ мØ0kl¼6³&#Êù'& ()œß.Í3]

#ÊÁß Úa&'Uò& ‹ð Ü#ÊÁ @ Ùß 3+Õ ¶()ß .Í>Ã Êù&'>
  3 s   
#'ù&'èÉkl&' >&'¼SY;Y ƒ‹ &'ª^#S%&'ó.Í3]à Á ßÛ
3
@Îe MßÙÃÁÖS  %()ê5µÎ5蝬äÎß63 ãÁ ÷ˆ&'

ÃÖ S%() ê ÓY Î ÜN 5() è ÜN  %  kl &'  >&' ¼  ä ã Ê Á

Fë#`_Ý_‚ƒ@

41      



‫‬
‫‬ ‫‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪r'ÞyST{Á%ê+ó”¼R]_& ¤¥&']()•¼†‡ßõJ¢‬‬
‫ان اﻟﺸﺎرع ﻗﺪ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺑﺎﻟ‪%‬ﺸﺮ‪#‬ﻊ اﻗﺎﻣﺔ اﳌﺼﺎ اﻻﺧﺮوﺔ واﻟﺪﻧﯿﻮﺔ وذﻟﮏ ﻋ‪ ./‬وﺟ ﻻ ﯾﺨﺘﻞ ﻟ)ﺎ‬
‫ﺑ ﻧﻈﺎم‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺑﺤﺴﺐ اﻟ‪A‬ﻞ وﻻ ﺑﺤﺴﺐ ا=ﺰئ‪ ،‬وﺳﻮاء‪ .8‬ذﻟﮏ ﻣﺎ ‪7‬ﺎن ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﯿﻞ اﻟﻀﺮورﺎت او‬
‫ا‪L‬ﺎﺟﯿﺎت او اﻟﺘﺤﺴﯿ‪K‬ﯿﺎت‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻧ)ﺎ ﻟﻮ ‪7‬ﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﺤﯿﺚ ﯾﻤﮑﻦ ان ﯾﺨﺘﻞ ﻧﻈﺎﻣ)ﺎ او ﺗﺨﻞ‬
‫اﺣ‪A‬ﺎﻣ)ﺎ ﻟﻢ ﯾﮑﻦ اﻟ‪%‬ﺸﺮ‪#‬ﻊ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎ ﻟ)ﺎ‪ ،‬اذ ﻟ‪P‬ﺲ ‪7‬ﻮﻧ)ﺎ ﻣﺼﺎ اذ ذاک ﺑﺎو‪ .M‬ﻣﻦ ‪7‬ﻮﻧ)ﺎ ﻣﻔﺎﺳﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻟﮑﻦ اﻟﺸﺎرع ﻗﺎﺻﺪ ﺑ)ﺎ ان ﺗ‪A‬ﻮن ﻣﺼﺎ ﻋ‪ ./‬اﻻﻃﻼق‪ ،‬ﻓﻼﺑﺪ ان ﯾ‪A‬ﻮن وﺿﻌ)ﺎ ﻋ‪ ./‬ذﻟﮏ اﻟﻮﺟ‬
‫اﺑﺪﯾﺎ و‪7‬ﻠﯿﺎ وﻋﺎﻣﺎ ‪ .8‬ﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻧﻮاع اﻟﺘ‪A‬ﻠﯿﻒ واﳌ‪A‬ﻠﻔ‪Z‬ن وﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻻﺣﻮال وﮐﺬﻟﮏ وﺟﺪﻧﺎ اﻻﻣﺮ ﻓﯿ)ﺎ‬
‫‬
‫وا‪L‬ﻤﺪ ]@ƒ‚__‪F‬‬
‫‪… Q£Ã4  ÄÅ $!Ö o£ ÆÇÈÉ =6 Ê»/¼4/4½ ¾  ¿ F ÀÁ‬‬
‫× ‪Ò‬‬
‫‪&ˤ¥C’ÌÌÍ'ÎÏÐÑÓÑÐ ÔÕ  4'ØÙC'Ú4Û="uÜ4ÝFÞBß]àÚá‬‬
‫‪CÀÁ$ œu  ä  = ku ž ou >â Ý  …ã Ú ou Ü4  Ý  …Â$ u* & ÈÉ = Ã4‬‬
‫»‪å1æ B  ç èé 9ê  Ê»6  '( & du ž Ý ¤¥ C* & PD  Ê‬‬
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‫ ‪;að4Cu…ñD‬‬
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‫ »‪ øùö&duÊ‬‬
‫‪"!ږÈɪ6ÄÅd‬‬

‫‪l ¼ÐÁÊÍ‬‬
‫‬ ‫‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪33‬‬ ‫‬
‫‪MN¼U&'S T&'ÊSY`×'& ” ¼ß]()•ß ÒÍe S%Á P ÊÍ %()&_ yST‬‬
‫ ‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪3 3‬‬
‫‪STyST S%Ãʬ½4 %ÈS%a…S%àPe Î&'S %ê8 Qè6S‡ÏÎ‬‬
‫‬ ‫‬ ‫‬
‫­ ‪'&  ' á ß N '&   Î &'Ö 6 () #„H() &' O ` , ÒÍ +4 4 ó ã Ê j‬‬
‫‬ ‫ ‪3‬‬
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‫‪~Êñ×ߧø&'ãý— ]()PÐÁÊÍÒ‬‬
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‫‪#ÊÍã'<yS TÃ'ä)( –ζÜ'& è;†‡ehyS Tß‬‬ ‫‪4 M ­e‬‬
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‫‪#'È'& ”¼eS T'&    M#ÛÎß6'&   ÊåÉU ò& ‹ Úa'&    Û‬‬
‫‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‬
‫‪#S%'&  óÐ6昌¼'†‡-S ‡Ï ÒÓù )(  ¥¼6ÎÛÃ'NU ò& ‹ Úa‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪Ø‬‬
‫‬ ‫‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪s‬‬ ‫‬
‫^‪ÎU ò& ‹ ÚaMß²PgßÊÍãÊ­PyS TÃʼÎ6‰SY;Y ƒ‹ '&   ª‬‬


      ‪42‬‬
‫‬
‫‬
‫‪Ü #ʤ¼ßW '& ¼Yó d½¼ÊÍà âÉRH()NOP¬äØ#Ê‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‬
‫‪   '& )( S %ÁþPÊÍ'&   'ç'&   Ó  ð„H()'& ÖS4%'&   '«'&   ðO'& ÖS4 %‬‬
‫‬ ‫‬
‫   &'‪gðPÛ& ‰#ÊñÁÐHŒèÚa¼ÊÍ#gÃÊâÉÐÁç‬‬
‫‪æ‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫`‬
‫()  &_‪#ÊfiÐÁ=Ee MÊÛÖ ßè,éÊÍ)( ¸Îe Œ{S % jS %Ö ß‬‬
‫‬ ‫‬ ‫‪ 3‬‬
‫‪'&    U ò& ‹ Î '& Ö  „H() 5N X  F^ ‚ƒ@ ÃÊ ])(   ê ¼ kl ¼ e  ÐP‬‬ ‫‪— § i  Ø‬‬
‫‬ ‫‬ ‫‬ ‫‬
‫‪­& r| PÊÍãZÁj[PÐÁÓ  ’'&   âëó d‰#ÊñÁ@  âS ‡ÏŒßÚa‬‬
‫‬ ‫‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪Fë_‚ƒ@ÃÊfiÐÁ  Qe j'&   {Áâëê‬‬
‫„‬ ‫‪CDg‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪   3‬‬ ‫‬
‫‪Ά3  ;Y 3>B4 PySTΙ­e~ÊS%Á4 S%'S %ÁPÛÊÍ‬‬
‫‬
‫> ‪&'þ hN P Hõ É _ ])( ô Î  $¬H@  &' S  ä 0  e Ü &' Ê‬‬
‫‪3 3‬‬ ‫‬
‫ ‪ ý #Ê jS% S%ê ()ì … Î ÒÍ ü() ]()ô ð ä ã Ê j  J P yST Ã%ê‬‬
‫‬ ‫‬
‫‪eðŒÁO&'ÖS4 %Ü&S%&''()^Ö &'PãíÔÁNÎ&'ÖOŒS%ü()]()ô‬‬
‫‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫ ‪3‬‬
‫¼)(‪î]ï&'Pðß7e ÐySTÃëÁ Î@¼,&'6†S%†„H‬‬
‫‬
‫‪r'ÞÃ'%êß<¼,„H()ÜMÊS%()PHõMée‬‬
‫وﺟﻮد اﻟﻘﻄﻊ ﻓﯿ)ﺎ ﻋ‪ ./‬اﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل اﳌﺸ)ﻮر ﻣﻌﺪوم او ‪ .8‬ﻏﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻨﺪور اﻋ‪ .8 `a‬آﺣﺎد اﻻدﻟﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻧ)ﺎ ان ‪7‬ﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻦ اﺧﺒﺎر اﻵﺣﺎد ﻓﻌﺪم اﻓﺎدﺗ)ﺎ اﻟﻘﻄﻊ ﻇﺎ‪h‬ﺮ‪ ،‬وان ‪7‬ﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺘﻮاﺗﺮة ﻓﺎﻓﺎدﺗ)ﺎ اﻟﻘﻄﻊ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻗﻮﻓﺔ ﻋ‪ ./‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎت ﺟﻤﯿﻌ)ﺎ او ﻏﺎﻟﺒ)ﺎ ﻇ‪ ،`a‬واﳌﻮﻗﻮف ﻋ‪ ./‬اﻟﻈ‪ `a‬ﻻﺑﺪ ان ﯾ‪A‬ﻮن ﻇﻨﯿﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻧ)ﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻋ‪ ./‬ﻧﻘﻞ اﻟﻠﻐﺎت وآراءاﻟﻨﺤﻮ وﻋﺪم اﻻﺷ‪op‬اک وﻋﺪم ا‪=n‬ﺎز واﻟﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﺸﺮ‪ .l‬او اﻟﻌﺎدی‬
‫واﻻﺿﻤﺎر واﻟﺘﺨﺼﯿﺺ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻮم واﻟﺘﻘﯿﯿﺪ ﻟﻠﻤﻄﻠﻖ وﻋﺪم اﻟﻨﺎ‪ tu‬واﻟﺘﻘﺪﯾﻢ واﻟﺘﺎﺧ‪ oZ‬واﳌﻌﺎرض‬
‫اﻟﻌﻘ‪ ،./‬واﻓﺎدة اﻟﻘﻄﻊ ﻣﻊ اﻋﺘﺒﺎر ‪h‬ﺬە اﻻﻣﻮر ﻣﺘﻌﺬر‪ ،‬وﻗﺪ اﻋﺘﺼﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎل ﺑﻮﺟﻮد‪h‬ﺎ ﺑﺎﻧ)ﺎ ﻇﻨﯿﺔ‬
‫‪ .8‬اﻧﻔﺴ)ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻟﮑﻦ اذا اﻗ‪op‬ﻧﺖ ﺑ)ﺎ ﻗﺮاﺋﻦ ﻣﺸﺎ‪h‬ﺪة او ﻣﻨﻘﻮﻟﺔ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﻔﯿﺪ اﻟﯿﻘ‪Z‬ن‪ ،‬و‪h‬ﺬا ‪7‬ﻠ ﻧﺎدر او‬
‫‬
‫ﻣﺘﻌﺬر @ƒ‚‪Fs‬‬
‫‪Ëmp/ý¤¥ C!o3 þÚ…4o:ږ  mp/ýF  úû4ü‬‬
‫{‪' Fk uzmp/ýË4C!74ouU Fk uÙ‬‬
‫Ž‪Bp
û 2~'€ 4’  FÚÍ Í1!û 2~'€F‬‬
‫‪   mn / 4 ' $ ! û 2 ~ = '   F  '  "! <u  åp‬‬
‫‪ûÉ&…Ú ÅßFúCu…/åF=4uC:‬‬

      ‪43‬‬

…!Cu"u#$%Cu&u'&(4)&…*Cu+4û,…!Cuu-
5ß9u.£  4/…ó"u12B0&61f =4u2<434
 mp/ý$! 7 8=d 9C’mÇ =
  ':1" !žoCo£6&
C’ ;  LM  < 4 k: u  => ? Ú @A B C}   Ë ì C’ .u  k D
"’GoÚ oHTBE(Fì
   
Êû#ð„H()¼,]()ô&'ÊNðÎ&'ÖO ­& r|¼,ÒÍ& 4 
  
…¼ÛÊÍãÊj­ŒëÁ É()¥Ã#SNS%6ÁSÜ
  
4 MPyST~ÔÁ4 S%'
¼ÑÊhNOÜ+&'Ê¡PRH()ÒÍhNPeãÊj
3+ ð ñ ß ÊÍ òó ÃÊ ë  ¼ ^ … Î ô  () ]()ô '&  Ka Î ()–
3  3
)( &'ßÊÍ…¼6Ï# É„H()¼]aä&'–P6#'%Ð «&'
 3    
Mß 0  ö  ÷ò& ‹ ¼ 'Ú & É &'ë  SYg ÃÊ KÁ4 S% ΄H() Ò ¼ , ()õ
3
P'Ú & ÃÊñ×øÉùú>èe É_]() ô ý# fiP¼ ‘‫’اﻗﯿﻤﻮا اﻟﺼﻠﻮة‬
 3 3 3
KÁ()&'ûS%¼'Ú & Î6>ßÊ)( ìÎô,3]63 &'()S%Á,&ò‹
 3 3
#ÊKÁ()&'+g;¼6ÛÐê“ 'Ú & š#ʤ¼üŒ5–¼Ðê()'Ú & šòóÃÊ
 3  3  ZŒg
S4 %¼ýøST 'Ú & Ê&'S %š&'#ÊÖS%ÆS  %PÐê  ()'Ú & ß„^ ­& e f­& e fè†3  ;¼ š
   3
eS4 %jÏ# âÉ OS  % Ö  %äS %ÁP+g´¼6
 3 -S‡3Ï 3
5NXÃʤ¼6Ë
3 3    
#ÊÖ×þÎÐêµè6S‡Ïßä‰i YgÃÊÛÁ4 S%΄H()¼,)( &'ß 4 S4%
3 3 3 
×ߥ&'6ÁSYÜøST“Íê)( Pµš#ÊÖS%()&'ò& "&'¼P,¦è½%Èßä
 3 3 3 ß&'  „
P+g´¼6-S‡Ïš&'#ÊÖS%()&'ò& "5øè3´0н6 ^š#ÊÖ
 3
Ãʤ¼ Q¼ýM‰¾6ÛÐên3
  3
5N X ód P &' 3+ 3]  ÊÍã ' %ê Ó yST ßW&' ¼ 6ÛSYg 6
3  33
~&'‡Ë+ßRÑKa&' ód¬6ÎO&''Õak( ¾Î¡,ÒÍ
` 33
Ø#' ‡&' ß &_ ()  $¬H@ N Ü &' ' %Á , Ka(k¾ P RÑ &' 3+ Òò& ‹ ã Ê
3 33  
6¯¡&' '%ak( ¾Î„H()Ò¼,)( õ~Û&'

F_/s‚ƒ@ÃÊÛÁ…ß

44      



‫‬
‫‪ 3æ‬‬
‫‪ØP+ :;ç¼()^Ö &'P‬‬
‫‬
‫‪Mßg Ø #Ê Î…3±¬ %&') Êͨ© ¶yST‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‬ ‫‬
‫‪'& kl¼êUß6Ö &ò"ã'<jySTßW&'¼ßXÃÊS%S%S  %É_¼Uò& ‹&'Úa‬‬
‫‬ ‫‪ 3‬‬
‫@‪ ý #' Î ™  Û  ÊÍ ð Ü #' {Á ()&' S%Ë M Õ Î  ¼ 2‬‬
‫‬ ‫‬ ‫‬
‫¡‪r'ÞÃëÁ +,&')( S4%jÕÚaãÊÓÎ‬‬
‫ان ا‪L‬ﻔﻆ اﳌﻀﻤﻮن ‪ .8‬ﻗﻮﻟ {ﻌﺎ‪” .M‬اﻧﺎ ﻧﺤﻦ ﻧﺰﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺬﮐﺮ واﻧﺎ ﻟ ‪L‬ﺎﻓﻈﻮن“ اﻧﻤﺎ اﳌﺮاد ﺑ‬
‫ﺣﻔﻆ اﺻﻮﻟ اﻟ‪A‬ﻠﯿﺔ اﳌﻨﺼﻮﺻﺔ‪ ،‬و‪h‬ﻮ اﳌﺮاد ﺑﻘﻮﻟ {ﻌﺎ‪” .M‬اﻟﯿﻮم اﮐﻤﻠﺖ ﻟﮑﻢ دﯾﻨﮑﻢ“ اﯾﻀﺎ‪ ،‬ﻻ‬
‫ان اﳌﺮاد اﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ ا=ﺰﺋﯿﺔ اذ ﻟﻮ ‪7‬ﺎن ﮐﺬﻟﮏ ﻟﻢ ﯾﺘﺨﻠﻒ ﻋﻦ ا‪L‬ﻔﻆ ﺟﺰ~ﯽ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺰﺋﯿﺎت اﻟﺸﺮ‪#‬ﻌﺔ‪،‬‬
‫وﻟ‪P‬ﺲ ﮐﺬﻟﮏ ﻻﻧﺎ ﻧﻘﻄﻊ ﺑﺎ=ﻮاز وﻮﺪە اﻟﻮﻗﻮع ﻟﺘﻔﺎوت اﻟﻈﻨﻮن وﺗﻄﺮق اﻻﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻت ‪.8‬‬
‫اﻟﻨﺼﻮص ا=ﺰﺋﯿﺔ‪ ،‬ووﻗﻮع ا€ﻄﺎ ﻓﯿ)ﺎ ﻗﻄﻌﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ وﺟﺪ ا€ﻄﺎ ‪ .8‬اﺧﺒﺎر اﻵﺣﺎد و‪ .8‬ﻣﻌﺎﯽ‬
‫‬
‫اﻵﯾﺎت‪ ،‬ﻓﺪل ﻋ‪ ./‬ان اﳌﺮاد ﺑﺎﻟﺬﮐﺮ ا‪Ln‬ﻔﻮظ ﻣﺎ ‪7‬ﺎن ﻣﻨ ‪7‬ﻠﯿﺎ@ƒ‚Ÿ‪F`#‬‬
‫‪”  IJa‬اﻧﺎ ﻧﺤﻦ ﻧﺰﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺬﮐﺮ واﻧﺎ ﻟ ‪L‬ﺎﻓﻈﻮن“‪F=C!*/K+&íîL‬‬
‫‪”  IJa"!íî& M(NO4P Q‬اﻟﯿﻮم اﮐﻤﻠﺖ ﻟﮑﻢ دﯾﻨﮑﻢ“‪RBF‬‬
‫!‪ TFT íî%&à&6 ÄÅk<uUˤ¥CPíî&mn&àC‬‬
‫‪S‬‬
‫‪PU¤pÙCQ<uV Wß4Eu?Fíî4XÙ{…óY<u‬‬
‫!" = ‪6  5 "! ^u F ¿ 4  = Z [< & L ’ \: 6 V  = ~ ]  ; $ D‬‬
‫‪Ü4 W=4’.{B'p_ ÈÉ`Na &àC’.ub'pcQd‬‬
‫‪"’ &u e QF f g  d …   'Ú{ b 4 Qh4 & Ù{  ij C! k ou‬‬
‫=‪"!íî&'m =Fíî&£n$u…lF‬‬
‫‬ ‫‬ ‫‬ ‫ ‬
‫‪KèßÐÁNÚaß&'¼ÐÁÛã'%êÓðjyST S%‬‬
‫‪òó ÃÛÁ  5 … ¬ &'P ¼ ÊÍ Î3ö ¼ RH() N É _e &'  Å‬‬
‫`‬ ‫‬
‫‪ÐÁþ()^Ö &'Pß&_ ()RÑÒò& ‹&']aß
¼{Â&'´yST‬‬
‫‪ 3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪¬ %)( ¸k4( %Ï# ôq>&'KèS %êöè()^Ö &'Pã'()&'ò& "j&''RÈ‬‬
‫‬ ‫‬
‫‪Ãë¼ —>=ÍjßÚa&'Ê‬‬ ‫‪4 ÍßùÛ…Î&'¼eÃÊèÉ‬‬
‫‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‬
‫‪èU&'S TMÊM() ®)( ê6?@&'()P6 ()S %ê—>=ͼ…ß6 ()#Úa&'Û‬‬


      ‪45‬‬
‫‬
‫‬
‫‪r'ÞySTÃ Í‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫ان اﻟﺸﺎرع وﺿﻊ اﻟﺸﺮ‪#‬ﻌﺔ ﻋ‪ ./‬اﻋﺘﺒﺎر اﳌﺼﺎ ﺑﺎﺗﻔﺎق وﺗﻘﺮر ‪h .8‬ﺬە اﳌﺴﺎﺋﻞ ان اﳌﺼﺎ اﳌﻌﺘƒ‪o‬ة‬
‫…‪ .‬اﻟ‪A‬ﻠﯿﺎت دون ا=ﺰﺋﯿﺎت‪ ،‬اذ ﻣﺠﺎری اﻟﻌﺎدات ﮐﺬﻟﮏ ﺟﺮت اﻻﺣ‪A‬ﺎم ﻓﯿ)ﺎ‪ ،‬وﻟﻮﻻ ان ا=ﺰﺋﯿﺎت‬
‫اﺿﻌﻒ ﺷﺎﻧﺎ ‪ .8‬اﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﳌﺎ † ذﻟﮏ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻟﻮﻻ ذﻟﮏ ﻟﻢ ﺗﺠﺮ اﻟ‪A‬ﻠﯿﺎت ﻋ‪ ./‬ﺣﮑﻢ اﻻﻃﺮاد‪7 ،‬ﺎ‪L‬ﮑﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸ)ﺎدة وﻗﺒﻮل ﺧƒ‪ o‬اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ ﻣﻊ وﻗﻮع اﻟﻐﻠﻂ واﻟ‪K‬ﺴﯿﺎن ‪ .8‬اﻵﺣﺎد‪ ،‬ﻟﮑﻦ اﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ اﻟﺼﺪق‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﺟﺮﺖ‬
‫اﻻﺣ‪A‬ﺎم اﻟ‪A‬ﻠﯿﺔ ﻋ‪ ./‬ﻣﺎ ‪h‬ﻮ اﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ ﺣﻔﻈﺎ ﻋ‪ ./‬اﻟ‪A‬ﻠﯿﺎت‪ ،‬وﻟﻮ اﻋﺘƒ‪o‬ت ا=ﺰﺋﯿﺎت ﻟﻢ ﯾﮑﻦ ﺑ‪P‬ﻨ)ﻤﺎ ﻓﺮق‬
‫‬
‫وﻻﻣﺘﻨﻊ ا‪L‬ﮑﻢ اﻻ ﺑﻤﺎ ‪h‬ﻮ ﻣﻌﻠﻮم وﻻﻃﺮح اﻟﻈﻦ ﺑﺎﻃﻼق‪ ،‬وﻟ‪P‬ﺲ ﮐﺬﻟﮏ@ƒ‚‪Fs‬‬
‫ ¿‪1$!su6'T opq}4!8Ã4Fhñ&Ê»6 ÄÅ+rpTd‬‬
‫»‪.u /: ÈÉ ª …ã  'ñ4 t  «uå vw ¤¥ C'xà $  ’ 'm 4 C’ y Ê‬‬
‫’‪6 z Ë { C| u P } o£U k 9: 8  ~  4€   du y  'xà Ë 4 C‬‬
‫~  ‪¤pÙ Co£ ~ 6 ‚ & ƒ 4 o£ „ ~ S… † C‡  P >Ì B 'm ˆ k 9: 8‬‬
‫ƒ‪ ‰Š6'mD=C’.£S‹4*¤ëì"!Œuë4WF‬‬
‫‪LñQoukY®ÅRBÞ 'xàË"!’“~'pÙg*4‘Ž …ãD‬‬
‫& ‪u” o£ „ ~ • B ß 4–  '€l k 4 œ ! P +ƒ &6  'xà 4 'm k 9:‬‬
‫‪"!PU‬‬
‫–‪ ¤pÙCœ9‬‬
‫‪ >­——£z˜6z4œ9:‬‬
‫‬ ‫„ ‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‬
‫‪è()^Ö &'P0ÚaUò& ‹ÜãÊ>Ά;Y &'´Îe j'& PySTT‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪33‬‬
‫ ‪ &' ¬ ä P l Ü()ê 6Ë ß ()^Ö  '& P × ã ' %~ ­ j Ï #%ê  âk( ¾  ~‰çH‬‬
‫„ ‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪ % P †;Y  #Ö × Ó ã í à  S% Ê ]&'ó S%Á Õ øS T  e &' ¯   ÒÍ‬‬
‫‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‬
‫&‪P yST Ã6Á n ,&'¡  ü)(   ]d ä Ü ã Ê S%ê = Î =Í e è 3ö ¼ ()^Ö  &'P Ü‬‬
‫‬ ‫ ‬
‫‪ ü()  ]d ä O Í +‬‬ ‫­ ‪4 4 ó È&'  % ()2 % &' e è ­ Ü ÃÊ > Î e‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫¡'&‪Íã S%Ê]&'óS%êBjÉ&'ëP×#ða,&'§ãÊj­P63 ÃÁ,‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪~ÊUò& ‹¼¬&'Î6èÊÍÜ#ÊÖ×6ËlMßO‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‬
‫‪&'ÊÓS %Áö½4 %ÈPe ŒÁ &'MN¼ä&ü)( NãÊj‬‬ ‫‪4 MPyST‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫ ‬
‫‪6Ëý¼lPä&'è;ß6Ö &ò"ŒS%ß()^Ö &'PòóÃÊß&'l + ­& r|¼()^Ö &'P‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‬
‫¼‪6Ëß6Ö &ò"S%#3+R()&'ß+;TÕÎܒ¤&'&'Ú#— ] — ]&'Óà#ÊÛ‬‬


      ‪46‬‬
‫‬
‫‬
‫‪’ à #' Û ¼ Ó Úa Uò& ‹ ¼ ” P ä Õ a‬ﻻ ﺗﺎ‪7‬ﻠﻮا اﻣﻮاﻟﮑﻢ ﺑ‪P‬ﻨﮑﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ‘ ¼‬
‫‪ 3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪3+ÊÍS%&'#ºSg¼ܒS4 %&'&'6Œ&'>¼+óò& ‹k(  %ü()&'ß+;TÉ'& ëý‬‬
‫‬ ‫‬ ‫‪æ‬‬
‫‪’‰i Ygà#ÊÛ¼+ó”¼ä=ˆß‬ﻻ ﺿﺮر وﻻ ﺿﺮار‘'&‪Ã)( ^Ö &'PÌ()¼l e‬‬
‫‪33‬‬ ‫‬
‫‪lP&'äÊÍ()^Ö &'P&‰#'c()^Ö &'P3]¼l e %()&_ yST‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪+‬‬‫¼‪4 4 óS%ê'& »'& #Õ6Ï# +,&'()S %êö~‰çHÀ Œ6Án &'MN‬‬
‫‬
‫‪r'ÞySTÃÊ‬‬
‫وان ‪7‬ﺎن ﻇﻨﯿﺎ ﻓﺎﻣﺎ ان ﯾﺮﺟﻊ ا‪ .M‬اﺻﻞ ﻗﻄ‰‪ .‬او ﻻ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎن رﺟﻊ ا‪ .M‬ﻗﻄ‰‪ .‬ﻓ)ﻮ ﻣﻌﺘƒ‪ o‬اﯾﻀﺎ‪ ،‬وان‬
‫‬
‫ﻟﻢ ﯾﺮﺟﻊ وﺟﺐ اﻟﺘﺜ‹ﺖ ﻓﯿ وﻟﻢ ﯾŠ اﻃﻼق اﻟﻘﻮل ﺑﻘﺒﻮﻟ@ƒ‚_`‪F‬‬
‫‪C !yB4ku‬‬
‫™ ‬
‫& ‬
‫«‪ Ë"PÚ‬‬
‫‪ u™ûÉ&ß4kÚ k u‬‬
‫ ‬
‫‪  ÅË‬‬
‫‪"P}'T&d‬‬
‫ ~‪ u‬‬
‫= ‬
‫›!‪ 4‬‬
‫œ›‪ 4o£04 š4‬‬
‫ ‬
‫= ‬
‫‪ ku‬‬
‫™  ‬
‫‪ Ëì‬‬
‫‪r'ÞÉ3h5() %‬‬
‫ﻻ ﺑﺪ ‪7 .8‬ﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﺔ ﯾﺮاد ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻞ ﻋﻠﻤ)ﺎ ﻋ‪ ./‬اﮐﻤﻞ اﻟﻮﺟﻮە ان ﯾﻠﺘﻔﺖ ا‪ .M‬اﺻﻠ)ﺎ ‪ .8‬اﻟﻘﺮآن‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺎن وﺟﺪت ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﻋ‪ ./‬ﻋﯿﻨ)ﺎ او ذﮐﺮ ﻧﻮﻋ)ﺎ او ﺟ‪K‬ﺴ)ﺎ ﻓﺬاک واﻻ ﻓﻤﺮاﺗﺐ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﯿ)ﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة ‪ ....‬اﻣﺎ اذا ﻟﻢ ﯾﺮد ﻣﻦ اﳌﺴﺎﻟﺔ اﻻ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﯿﮑﻔﯽ اﻟﺮﺟﻮع ﻓﯿ)ﺎ ا‪ .M‬اﻟﺴﻨﺔ اﳌﻨﻘﻮﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻵﺣﺎد ﮐﻤﺎ ﯾﮑﻔﯽ اﻟﺮﺟﻮع ﻓﯿ)ﺎ ا‪ .M‬ﻗﻮل ا‪=n‬ﺘ)ﺪ و‪h‬ﻮ اﺿﻌﻒ‪ ،‬واﻧﻤﺎ ﯾﺮﺟﻊ ﻓﯿ)ﺎ ا‪ .M‬اﺻﻠ)ﺎ ‪.8‬‬
‫اﻟﮑﺘﺎب ﻻﻓﺘﻘﺎرە ا‪ .M‬ذﻟﮏ ‪ .8‬ﺟﻌﻠ)ﺎ اﺻﻼ ﯾﺮﺟﻊ اﻟﯿ او دﯾﻨﺎ ﯾﺪان ﷲ ﺑ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﯾﮑﺘﻔﯽ ﺑﻤﺠﺮد‬
‫‬
‫ﺗﻠﻘﯿ)ﺎ ﻣﻦ اﺧﺒﺎر اﻵﺣﺎد @ƒ‚__‪F‬‬
‫=>{=&&‪oujûÉ‬‬
‫‪ Cu­—~žÉQz Ÿ f‬‬
‫‪ L‬‬
‫‪  4S‬‬
‫‪bœ =4C}ku‬‬
‫‪ £‬‬
‫¿ ‪ n ¦4 ¡Ú‬‬
‫=&‪ ö‬‬
‫‪ Ú9‬‬
‫‪ :NO¢‬‬
‫ ‬
‫‪ {>4Ë"!…åp‬‬
‫‪?F£‬‬
‫‪ n Ù{=ku #¤û‬‬
‫‪ e¥ßË‬‬
‫‪ ¦§§§§"œu­—04š 1‬‬
‫¨&‪"!4€BF=4¤pÙ!<u ¿1ûÉ&  ©$ªCœu B¿1ûÉ‬‬
‫¦{‪ Q a4¬€/• a­«¤¥œ9:Ú­MûÉ&& a­«6Ù‬‬
‫&‪"Œ:‬‬
‫‪ P‬‬
‫‪ ±‬‬
‫‪ ~²‬‬
‫‪ F‬‬
‫‪  Ù{ûe6… ãijC!®¯ du°‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‬
‫‪OÍãÊ­P6Ã'%êâ襼M‰Yó]()P6Ü S%#ÊôPySTj‬‬
‫‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫&‪j¼&'e ŒÁ nð,&'; øST ä‰#Á n &'MN ¼ä‬‬


      ‪47‬‬
‫‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪ÐÁ ,&'¡  ‰Í   e S%† S%Á n ² øST    ä ã Ê ë  ¼ ð ¤‬‬
‫ §‪ü)( N %Ü()MS4%ÐÁn²øSTäãÊñpðj&'#Ê‬‬
‫‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫¼” ^'&‪ß ÊÍð ü)( N ß &' ¼ ÐÁn,&'¡ü)(  ä&'Ê ß‬‬
‫‬
‫‪F__‚ƒ@ÃÊÛÁc‬‬
‫‪3 3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪33‬‬ ‫‬
‫^‪e Îj'& 6&'Ê]&'ó S%Á è Éä P ()^Ö &'P %()&_  yST‬‬
‫‪æ‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‬
‫‪=E Ò   ÊÍS%Á N O &'ÖS4% P Úa Uò& ‹  ÊÍ S%† Î 3  =Í‬‬
‫‬
‫‪¼ÐÁèÉe&''KÁÎänäÚaU ò& ‹j ý#ú&' fiÐÁ‬‬
‫‪æ‬‬
‫@‪Î =Ô6 ()#Uò& ‹&'Y`ÒÊÍ6Ã'•Î,ÛS4%ðjÎ‬‬
‫‬ ‫‪æ‬‬
‫‪r'ÞySTÃÊÛÁ=E‬‬
‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ اﻻول ‪h‬ﻮ اﻻﺻﻞ واﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪ واﻟﺬی ﻋﻠﯿ ﻣﺪار اﻟﻄﻠﺐ واﻟﯿ ﺗ‪K‬ﺘ)ﯽ ﻣﻘﺎﺻﺪ اﻟﺮا‪Z€u‬ن‬
‫وذﻟﮏ ﻣﺎ ‪7‬ﺎن ﻗﻄﻌﯿﺎ او راﺟﻌﺎ ا‪ .M‬اﺻﻞ ﻗﻄ‰‪ ،.‬واﻟﺸﺮ‪#‬ﻌﺔ اﳌﺒﺎرﮐﺔ ا‪Ln‬ﻤﺪﯾﺔ ﻣ‘ﻟﺔ ﻋ‪h ./‬ﺬا‬
‫اﻟﻮﺟ وﻟﺬﻟﮏ ‪7‬ﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻇﺔ ‪ .8‬اﺻﻮﻟ)ﺎ وﻓﺮوﻋ)ﺎ ﮐﻤﺎ ﻗﺎل ﷲ {ﻌﺎ‪” .M‬اﻧﺎ ﻧﺤﻦ ﻧﺰﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﺬﮐﺮ واﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻟ ‪L‬ﺎﻓﻈﻮن“‪ ،‬ﻻﻧ)ﺎ ﺗﺮﺟﻊ ا‪ .M‬ﺣﻔﻆ اﳌﻘﺎﺻﺪ اﻟ’` ﺑ)ﺎ ﯾ‪A‬ﻮن ﺻﻼح اﻟﺪارﻦ‪ ،‬و…‪ .‬اﻟﻀﺮورﺎت‬
‫وا‪L‬ﺎﺟﯿﺎت واﻟﺘﺤﺴﯿ‪K‬ﯿﺎت وﻣﺎ ‪h‬ﻮ ﻣﮑﻤﻞ ﻟ)ﺎ وﻣﺘﻤﻢ ﻻﻃﺮاﻓ)ﺎ‪ ،‬و…‪ .‬اﺻﻮل اﻟﺸﺮ‪#‬ﻌﺔ وﻗﺪ ﻗﺎم‬
‫‬
‫اﻟƒ‪ho‬ﺎن اﻟﻘﻄ‰‪ .‬ﻋ‪ ./‬اﻋﺘﺒﺎر‪h‬ﺎ‪ ،‬وﺳﺎﺋﺮ اﻟﻔﺮوع ﻣﺴ‪%‬ﻨﺪة اﻟﯿ)ﺎ@ƒ‚‪FŸs‬‬
‫‪& ª c‹  M4 ‰ ¶  f 4 !   f l ~ ª 4 ! ³ 4  ´ µ & f‬‬
‫‪ ª¸ÄŹÌT"u™ûÉ&ßÚuº1!44C’.u»ûÉ‬‬
‫·‬
‫ ‪”¼!ڀƒdIJa$ªC!Š ö4C¿4ƒ4(4Dª4!f‬اﻧﺎ ﻧﺤﻦ ﻧﺰﻟﻨﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺬﮐﺮ واﻧﺎ ﻟ ‪L‬ﺎﻓﻈﻮن“۔ = ‪ ½¾ &Q1!¿~íî&c‹ÄÅ$!&Ö‬‬
‫× ‪Ò‬‬
‫‪’( ÄÅR"…ãv4d£…ó4À&4'ÎÏÐÑÓÑÐ ÔÕ  4'ØÙC'Ú4ÛYC’Án‬‬
‫~¿’"‬
‫‪  M(¿4ƒ…óÃC!suÆǦÌ~duy 4‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‬
‫‪&'ü()N&ÃÁn,&'¡äü)( N+‬‬ ‫‪4 4 óÊß&'eŒ<]&'STj‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪33‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪%‬‬ ‫‪%‬‬
‫   ‪N M ã j  Ã' j \'&  k(  ò&   () ¼ e  ()&_   yST Œ { S  %S  % ð ,&'§ Í‬‬
‫‪%‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫)(‪N<¿'& &~ÊÛÖ ¯ÒÍ5()äÜ×#Ê,&'¡ü)( äü‬‬
‫‬ ‫‪ 3‬‬
‫)(‪PÊÍ()¸ßS%¼e  ý#Z{× )( &'ÎŒÁUò& ‹¼ÒÍä()¸k4( %ü‬‬


      ‪48‬‬

 3 
SYgÃÊÛÁ)( M¥¼M‰Yó]()Pß&'e³&#Ê)( M 5() %
 ý S%() ê()'& èd/)( èP — §i#mnio¦ É@5Ð>ܝÉ&'ë
  3 3 3
×öÉ()•eèe Ð^°Ì() S%#S  % è()¼P — §i'-S ‡ÏãÊß’6Ö &ò"
   ` 
ðß()ßW&'¼e&' Ê4 S%  &'¼P — §ißüÖ ÎRH()Ì()ÊÍ()¸ã
3     3
()Ï# ¼ ,&'§ü()&'Nj6F_ ‚ƒ@ÃÊS%Á 4 S% 6w Pe
 3
ÃÊÛV&'¼,&'§6()
 3 3 
Î   ]5() ä ()¸ k4( % ü() N ,&'¡    ã Ê ë Á j &' ]5()
  3 
&'i„'& >ܝÉ&'ëSYg¼e ySTÃÊ+ 4 4 óS%ê()&'Îß&'ÈÃÁnk(  %
‫ َﱠ‬ 
‫ أﻻ َﺗ ِﺰ ُر‬Ö ¼’63 Ö &ò"ÜãS%()ê)( &'Î@e è ()^£Ð6'()P&'Ö ¼ 3 
3 3 ‫ﱠ‬ ْ ْ َ َْ ْ ََ َ ْ ُ َ ْ ٌَ َ
&'Ô{~ ûP6]5()ä6Kè@˜‰َ ‫ﺲ ِﻟ ِﻺ َﺴ ِﺎن ِإﻻ َﻣﺎ َﺳ‬ œ‫و ِازرة ِوزر أﺧﺮى وأن ﻟ‬
3 3 3 3
¼S %É()•e Ð>ܝòóÃ'M‰¾FÁ×)( ¸Ðe MZ{Ö õù3P6S‡Ï
 
Î @ ¼ e Œ fê  ÜÖ  n[ °  e & É ™ Ð¥ ã ×  ö è  O e Ü()ê  &'
 
ßÑ× öè Oe¯óÈXÐ 3 5NXÃÊS%S  %() 4 ¾è()¥
3  3 3
Ðê  '& &' Î MN ¼ e è &'  e Œ 6Á '& &' H)(  ™ Ð¥ & ã Ê Ö p
3    t
¼,&'§øST Ö ]()ô %OÍjÎJySTF#_‚ƒ@Æ;Y e û
  3
Ï# âÉ Ö ,[eMÊSYg¼,&'§øST¬&' %ÊÍÏ#
 3
FŸ‚ƒ@ÃÊ)¸  ( ÎRH()ÒÍ&'cÉÜN¡
æ 3 
rãÊ×Óß= 6ÐyST!]()•P<e
‫ﻮن ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻔﺘ ﻟﻼﺻﻞ ﻗﻄﻌﯿﺔ ﻓﻼ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ردە۔ واﻵﺧﺮ ان‬A‫ﻤﺎ ان ﺗ‬h‫ اﺣﺪ‬:‫ن‬Z ‫ ﺿﺮ‬./‫ﺬا اﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﻋ‬h‫و‬
‫ﻮن اﻻﺻﻞ ﻟﻢ ﯾﺘﺤﻘﻖ‬7 ‫` واﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺟ)ﺔ‬a‫ اﻣﺎ ﺑﺎن ﯾﺘﻄﺮق اﻟﻈﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺟ)ﺔ اﻟﺪﻟﯿﻞ اﻟﻈ‬،‫ﻮن ﻇﻨﯿﺔ‬A‫ﺗ‬
‫` ﻻﺻﻞ‬a‫ ا=ﻤﻠﺔ ان ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻔﺔ اﻟﻈ‬.8 ‫ﺬا اﳌﻮﺿﻊ ﻣﺠﺎل ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺘ)ﺪﯾﻦ وﻟﮑﻦ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ‬h .8‫ و‬،‫ﻮﻧ ﻗﻄﻌﯿﺎ‬7

Fs#ë_‚ƒ@‫ﻮ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻻ ﯾﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﯿ‬h‫ اﻻﻃﻼق و‬./‫` ﻋ‬a‫ ¡ﺴﻘﻂ اﻋﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﻈ‬.‰‫ﻗﻄ‬
=CuouÄÅ  =$J¼’E(4&=kuÄÅ Ë 
=
 C} $D=kÚCu ouûÆ  =$/
 Ç4"!…åpo£6='(
û
 ÊD Q©'(/Ç4="uPÉou $D=Ú4! ÈÅ&

49      




4!Ë£ÞpÌ}6  ouÄÅ   $!Í6'T~]N(ì C!ÎÏ&
"!PûÊ&6=
3 3
ÊUò& ‹¼6Ö &ò"#+;TßJ¢
  3æ
ÐySTß‹Ž<e¼+ :;ç…¼‰ÍRH()"†‡eh'& 6Û8I Ï¢
3  3 3
4 ySTÃÊS%xU€ðè²S4%+;T6Ö &ò"
Uò& ‹&'è²S4%+;T&'
3 3
4 #+;TØÊP’6Ö &ò"&'()ê]()•&' ßJ¢ã'()&'ò& "j&''%êBÉ&'ë

3 
ÃÊýJ$¼e&'%˜Œ¼6Ö &ò"&Pe&'ÊèÉe&'бS%i
VMßÄ i ÕôK'ß 4 S4%eÃÊ&'?ndP{Â&'´É&'ëP&'?j
33 3 33 3 3
 %()&_   6 &' ' () &' ò& " k( ¾  P l  ]Ñ &' 6? µS4% è 6 () #+;T &' 6Ö &ò" M Ê P 3i
3 æ  æ
 63 Ö &ò" ä ¼ &'þ 0  U‰4 %  > M Ê Î =Ô  &' ]­& e fSç e Mß~&ò‹ ß 6 ()
 3  3
6˜Œ¼e&'×ÐŽS T3 PÎ+ 4 ,ß'& µÓè'& ?ÐÁбS%+;T&'
3 3 3 3
S%>T &S%&''Z4 :;;‡gùÎi  4 ŒS  % Ü#')( &'3+M—&'Î6Ö &ò"ß+;Tã ʼ
3 
Ã'%ê 6ËU ò& ‹ ‰YÁ–ϼl]()•&'Pä&'è;ßùi ðŒ'èÉ( 4 )P
 3 g 3 3 3  3 „
#+;T ‰i Y  k( ¾œ Ì()  ܉¢  6Ö &ò" ã ×}ST ð ! j Î ™ e Ð †;Y  Ì() &' ,SÝ4ó
  3 33 33
 Á4 S%Î’63 Ö &ò"É&'ë])( •ðS%Ák( ¾ P63 #'%ak( ¾3+ÒÍÎܒe£&'U 
33
'& (k¾œÌ() 63  J¢Ü‰¢Ðê 6Ë3+Ka&'Bß&'ÎÐ 6Ö &ò"S%†ÃÊ
3 3
 33 3
F#s_63 Ö 3+@Ã'X:dT ak( ¾3+k(  %ò& ÎÊ]()ê(ð¼6Û
3 3 3 3 „ 
×6ËlðMß+;TãÊ­P6&''È'& ~ñΆ;Y '& ´ß<eðyST
3   3 i 
M ÷lKèß+;Tã Ê3  &' ßèyST Ï #ÊS%Á ) ß lù6Ö &ò"H Ü#ÊS%
3 *:g 3
'& #µS 4 % %+;T&'Án†3 E èe ß3ÙðälP63 Ö &ò"ãÁ—&'ߧe Î63 Ö &ò"
 
r'ÞÃÁÛêöPe É&'ëlUS4%T
،‫ﺴﻂ ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺮە‬¢‫ﻠ و‬A‫ﯿﺎن ﻣﺸ‬ ‫ و‬،‫ ﻓ)ﯽ ﺗﻔﺼﯿﻞ ﻣﺠﻤﻠ‬،‫ اﻟﮑﺘﺎب‬.M‫ﺎ ا‬h‫ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ‬.8 ‫اﻟﺴﻨﺔ راﺟﻌﺔ‬
‫ن ﻟﻠﻨﺎس ﻣﺎ ﻧﺰل‬Z‫ ”واﻧﺰﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﯿﮏ اﻟﺬﮐﺮ ﻟﺘﺒ‬.M‫ﻮ اﻟﺬی دل ﻋﻠﯿ ﻗﻮﻟ {ﻌﺎ‬h‫وذﻟﮏ ﻻﻧ)ﺎ ﺑﯿﺎن ﻟ و‬
‫ واﯾﻀﺎ‬،‫ ﻣﻌﻨﺎە دﻻﻟﺔ اﺟﻤﺎﻟﯿﺔ او ﺗﻔﺼﯿﻠﯿﺔ‬./‫ اﻟﺴﻨﺔ اﻣﺮا اﻻ واﻟﻘﺮآن ﻗﺪ دل ﻋ‬.8 ‫ ﻓﻼ ﺗﺠﺪ‬،“‫اﻟﯿ)ﻢ‬
‫ وﻻن ﷲ ﺟﻌﻞ‬.... ‫ ذﻟﮏ‬./‫ﺒﻮع ﻟ)ﺎ ﻓ)ﻮ دﻟﯿﻞ ﻋ‬K‫ﻌﺔ و‬#‫ﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﺸﺮ‬7 ‫ﻮ‬h ‫ ان اﻟﻘﺮآن‬./‫ﻞ ﻣﺎ دل ﻋ‬A‫ﻓ‬

50      



‫‬
‫اﻟﻘﺮآن ﺗ‹ﯿﺎﻧﺎ ﻟ‪A‬ﻞ ‪`¤¥‬ءﻓﯿﻠﺰم ﻣﻦ ذﻟﮏ ان ﺗ‪A‬ﻮن اﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﺔ ﻓﯿ ‪ .8‬ا=ﻤﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻن اﻻﻣﺮ واﻟﻨ)ﯽ‬
‫اول ﻣﺎ ‪ .8‬اﻟﮑﺘﺎب‪ ،‬وﻣﺜﻠ ﻗﻮﻟ ”ﻣﺎ ﻓﺮﻃﻨﺎ ‪ .8‬اﻟﮑﺘﺎب ﻣﻦ ﺷ§¦“ وﻗﻮﻟ ”اﻟﯿﻮم اﮐﻤﻠﺖ ﻟﮑﻢ دﯾﻨﮑﻢ“‬
‫و‪h‬ﻮ ﯾﺮﺪ ﺑﺎﻧﺰال اﻟﻘﺮآن‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﺴﻨﺔ اذا ‪ .8‬ﻣﺤﺼﻮل اﻻﻣﺮ ﺑﯿﺎن ﳌﺎ ﻓﯿ وذﻟﮏ ﻣﻌ‪7 `a‬ﻮﻧ)ﺎ راﺟﻌﺔ‬
‫‬
‫اﻟﯿ @ƒ‚^‪F_#‬‬
‫ ‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫ ¼ ‪¼&' ÜS 4 Y;T  +ñS 4 % #Ûê ý ¼ +  e  Ü  ÃÊ  '&  MN‬‬ ‫‪4 Î&'Ö  § `  +;T‬‬
‫ ‬ ‫‬ ‫”‪3 P63 Ö &ò"Ü ã0e jÃÊÛ¾è3+,'&   Ûê+ ó‬‬
‫‪ÊS %ê„H())( S T&' jPP‬‬ ‫‪— §i ÉX '&   Ê6Ë‬‬ ‫‬
‫‬ ‫‪33 3‬‬ ‫‪ª‬‬ ‫‪s‬‬
‫‪”ã‬واﻧﺰﻟﻨﺎ اﻟﯿﮏ اﻟﺬﮐﺮ ﻟﺘﺒ‪Z‬ن ﻟﻠﻨﺎس ﻣﺎ ﻧﺰل اﻟﯿ)ﻢ“@   &'‪6†ÛÝãS %Ê×'& S%ê)( jMN]'& S l Ð‬‬
‫‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪33‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪ÑÔ  È S4%Kèß+;T-ÃFʤ¼'& S%MN¼6M ê6Ëê¾èËe S T‬‬
‫‪33‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‬
‫‪'&   k( ¾ ])( •PÊÍ#P63 Ö &ò"ÎÑü)( Ü ­& e fãjk(  %ò& ÃÁn)( M„H()RS  %P ß63 Ö &ò"É3Ù‬‬
‫‬ ‫‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‬ ‫‪3‬‬
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‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪33 3‬‬
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‫‬
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‫‪CÈÅÓ!F8ùö&Lå=ìC!ÒC!…åpouLåF{> ¨$Ð 1Ñ‬‬
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‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
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      ‪51‬‬

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ä¼ØŒÎ &'ÛÌ(){û¼¼¤Í
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è6ÎÑØðS %ê  ò& ‹3'& ‡J÷èF %ßeh3£¹()P

52      




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54      




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 ƒ`Ï  3 3
‰XÃÃÃÃÊË()RP¸’è3S4%&'8 Y STÞ߇w+ ˆ 4 e tk( gFÍ“S  %6Ö &ò"
ََ َ ‫ََ ُ َ ُ َ ْ َ ْ َ ﱠ ﱠ َ َ ْ َ ُ ﱠ ﱠ‬  3
‫ﻳﻦ ﻇﻠ ُﻤﻮا ِﻣ ْ® ُ­ ْﻢ‬ ِ ‫ﻞ اﻟ ِﻜﺘ‬ª‫وﻻ ﺗﺠ ِﺎدﻟﻮا أ‬rʼ Qè6ŠÐ6Ö &ò"
‫ أﺣﺴﻦ ِإﻻ اﻟ ِﺬ‬°«ِ ¬’ِ ‫ﺎب ِإﻻ ِﺑﺎﻟ‬
 َ َُ َ َ ُ َ َ َ َ َ ُ َ َ َُْ َ َ َ ُْ ‫َ ُ ُ َ َ ﱠ ﱠ‬
F`^r‹@ ‫اﺣ ٌﺪ َوﻧ ْﺤ ُﻦ ﻟﮫ ُﻣ ْﺴ ِﻠ ُﻤﻮن‬ ِ ‫ﻜ ْﻢ و‬²ُ ‫ﻟ‬³ِ ‫ﻨﺎ و‬²ُ ‫ﻟ‬³ِ ‫وﻗﻮﻟﻮا آﻣﻨﺎ ِﺑﺎﻟ ِﺬي أﻧ ِﺰل ِإﻟ ْﻴﻨﺎ وأﻧ ِﺰل ِإﻟ ْﻴﻜ ْﻢ و‬
æ
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Fr,@

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3  3
e&'‡ 3&' 6âST  3ê âS ¼ e Ã Ê 6Ë P ìP ÐÁ ¼ ž    Ö  Î  K‘&'Â
3 33  3 3  
6Ë\S4%•()Ðn{Á%êk( ¾ Δw6ÃÊÜê(k%P”wÜST()S4%F-&'
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3 3
é 54 Ö  Ã Á ™ hN P ½4 %Ù Î + 4 e t; 6S%() Ì() ã Ã ÕÁ Ó ð   + 4 e tk( gF  Í ‡w

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3
›V #œK‘&'  3iV #¹ '& '&   žû3 àÃÊ6ËP6ƒw™  ÐÁÎ+4 e t ;Ì)( 
3 
¼eÃÊÜê(k%P() )(  '& Ѽ ”w™ ÐÁÎ6Ÿ‘P’V'&    >](), % P
  3  3 3
d)( û" eÊ ÛÁÎX–&' )(  >Í ¼Ñ #ÊÜê(k%P'& S % ¼+4 e t k( gF Í ‡wß 6$”

ÐnÃ{ÁMÎ3‰T 2)( êS   % 4 M ¡'&   ׇwê¢Ü£Ð6Š :et É+4 e t;

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55      




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4 S %»¼3‰T ê)(  4 MP6Û­6Œ§M¼+, ¸&')( ¼¦è >ˆ  % η'& 6'& â
3  3
Ãç)( n4 M ¡Ü ‰e #ô  S %Î3‰[^M¨è2 % з'& 6'& âŒ#çê
3  3 3
è6Œ§-$”Ü'& µP"÷ÅÑ#¨è© % ¹S %ܪûS  %«Ü'& S4 %)( з'& 6'& âòó
9 3
ÃFŸŸr,@H )(  ¥ê)( ­& e f'& ùPά&'S4 %&')( è >e ‰e #ÖÁÎP

eÉ­3‰Œ„^Ђ ‰¢Ø#Ø2 >HÐÖ Pãʖ—ιÜ&'è;
3 3 3
è® %Pз'& 6&'âã×6Ë5NeΙ¯° 4 ¼]k(  %'& §¥è¹
¼®e&'Ø® >HÐÖ P¨©‚ ‰¢¤Ã¨è()–V«©&'­#¨
ÃØ()–V«ã¤Á(ð¼©HÐÖ 
3 3  4 ”#+ 3 3
6S4%&'²#5L 4 e t;”êÜ&'ß6$”ã Ðnß&'S4%-±6™&'û
)( õ´()Ï]&'()¼6”β3‰T,ÝS4%+ 4 e t;5()&'×Y©³Pü &'
3 3 3
 6 _&  µ&' ­&  r¶% #  ¼  -± 6™&'û ÷ ß‘ ‫ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻠ
ﻨﺪ‬.8 ’ Ã 4  u
4 
3 
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3  3  9 3
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3 3 
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4 û 
3i V ‰¢ ß 
4 S4%  # ‘‫ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻣﺎﻟﻠ
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æ
4 ¼-$6´½cß
‫’ اﳌﻠﻞ‬ 4 '­¼¼µ]­& e fSç
4 S4%f¾S  %#‘‫ اﳌﻠﻞ واﻟﻨﺤﻞ‬.8 ‫&’ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬
ß 4 S4%fŒST#‘‫ﯿﺢ ﳌﻦ ﺑﺪل دﯾﻦ اﳌﺴﯿﺢ‬LŠ‫’ ا=ﻮاب اﻟ‬ 4 ¼’V ‰¢ß 4 S4%¿#‘‫واﻟﻨﺤﻞ‬
3
nX&'‡3~S%ß 4 S4%f€Ö #‘‫ﺔ اﻟﯿ)ﻮد واﻟﻨﺼﺎری‬ ‫ اﺟﻮ‬.8 ‫ﯿﺎری‬L‫ﺪاﯾﺔ ا‬h ’ 4 ¼›V ‰¢
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Å&' H^,  4 + 4 óePÎ + 4 , 
  Ö ãÊj¿u&'NP    Ö ß  4 û ST 6
3 3 3  3  3
eÉ3&'¿u'& µ#6S4%&'#HÂe#Pз  4 #'%êê)( è (k¾
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Ã'ÕÎ3‰T&'‘þ­& r|ß6Ã'%ê6Ëèq
 
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3F 3 3
MP+ 4 e tk( g  ͇wß)¼6ÁZc&']()ô363ß¼ÃÊÜê(k%Pe #Êù&'
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We have witnessed in number of missing persons cases that they detained
detenues for years and years without ever providing the record to this effect.
During the missing persons cases, about 15-20% cases suddenly detenue
appears before the Court and informs that he has been released by the agencies
and on the assurance of non-disclosing anything. These proceedings are not
recorded in any of the order sheets for the last so many years for the reason
not to expose the conduct of the agencies to the world.
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It has come to the knowledge of this court during different proceedings that
under the camouflage activities and protection of the above mentioned
regulations and law, the entire erstwhile tribal area citizens are treated
inhumanely and unconstitutionally, as it they are not the citizens of this
** #
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The conduct of the Armed Forces is that of conqueror particularly in
reference to the erstwhile tribal area.
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62      


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64      

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