CITY LEVEL PROJECTS

YAMUNA RIVERFRONT
DEVELOPMENT
Indraprastha Zone
 (An ISO 9001 : 2008 Certiied Organisation)

Delhi Urban Art Commission

Prof. Dr. P.S.N. Rao Chairman

Sonali Bhagwati Member

Samir Mathur Member
Sonali Rastogi Member
Durga Shanker Mishra Member & Addl. Secretary, Ministry of Urban Development
Vinod Kumar Secretary

DUAC Staf
Rajeev Kumar Gaur, Raghvendra Singh, Amit Mukherji, V. K.Tyagi, Uma Bhati, Nishi Sachdeva, Manju Anjali,
Siddharth Sagar, Indu Rawat, Nihal Chand

Senior Consultant
Samir Mathur

Consultants
Ranu Farooqui
Monika Soota (3D Visulizer)
Nikhil Pandey (3D Visulizer)
 Preface

DELHI URBAN ART COMMISSION with gratitude duly acknowledges the valuable contributions of the
following in making this report:

Raj Rewal Former Chairman, DUAC

The city of Delhi, capital of this vast land of diversities, is a city laden with layers of history,
Satish Khanna Former Member, DUAC
Eric P. Mall Former Member, DUAC a place where civilizations have lived, prospered and perished over centuries. The modern
D. Diptivilasa Former Member DUAC & Addl. Secretary, Ministry of Urban Development city today, built over and around a rich tapestry of heritage, presents an opportunity
at every turn, to allow for co-existence of the past, present and the future. In order to
understand this multidimensional urban spectrum and attempt to plan the future, various
Organisations/Others city level studies have been initiated by the DUAC. I hope that these studies will help
Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India the planners of modern day Delhi to carefully articulate urban space, structure, form and
Delhi Development Authority environment and sensitively address future requirements.
Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi
I convey my thanks to all the Consultants and Members of the Commission who have
North Delhi Municipal Corporation
tirelessly worked on this research project to bring out this document. I also take this
East Delhi Municipal Corporation
opportunity to place on record my sincere appreciation of the efforts of Secretary and
South Delhi Municipal Corporation
other staff of DUAC for providing the necessary administrative support to make this
New Delhi Municipal Council
happen.
Geospatial Delhi Limited
I fondly hope that the authorities of the local, state and national government take these
Delhi Metro Rail Corporation
studies seriously and implement, in right earnest, the suggestions given herein.
Delhi Urban Shelter Improvement Board
BSES Rajdhani Power Limited
March, 2015 Sd/-
BSES Yamuna Power Limited Prof. Dr. P.S.N. Rao
RWA Chairman, DUAC
 Summary

Contents Rivers are an inherent part of the development of the human settlement. They have been fundamentally

1 Section 1
1.1 River Yamuna
1.2 River Yamuna - In Delhi
1.3 Delhi - Metro Routes
1.4 Delhi - Planning Zones
1.5 Zone ‘O’ - Land Use
1.6 Zone ‘O’ – Sub Zones
1.7 Recommendations For Zone ‘O’
1.8 Delhi - Evolution of A City
6
involved in the process of settlement location and its continuous formation. The greatest civilizations of the
world have formed and lourished along the banks of rivers. Whether it was the Egyptian civilization along the
6 Nile River or the Indus valley civilization, rivers have been vital as the providers of water for sustaining life as
8 well as the agrarian societies. Thus strong relationships existed between man and rivers, the later often being
10 revered as Gods, not only in ancient times but till date. From daily activities to religious ceremonies, fairs and
11 festivals, the river formed an integral part of human life.
12 Monuments developed along the banks of river. Delhi’s oldest city, Indraprastha, dating to the Mahabharata
14 era (circa 1450 BC), to the great Mughal city of Shahjahanabad (1638–1649), all were set with the Yamuna
16 and other water bodies as their backdrop. The major monuments of the city of Delhi present strong
18 evidences of the relationship of the past cities with the river. However with the 20th century and modernist

2 Section 2 22
city planning paradigms, the river was considered more as a functional component rather than recreational,
with which the masses had no everyday connection. The city faced its back to the river.
2.1 Proposed Area of Development 24
Today, with the abysmal state of drainage and solid-waste management of the city, the Yamuna has become a
2.2 Site Potential 25
huge drain carrying the waste of this mega city. Millions of rupees have been spent by successive governments
2.3 Site Challenges 26
in order to clean the river, but to no signiicant change in the situation. The spaces around the river are also
2.4 Immediate Context 28
rather ‘lost spaces’ with either agricultural ields, derelict power stations, stadiums and memorials.
2.5 Potential Entrance Nodes 30
With very high densities in the residential areas, it has to be realized that Delhi is in dire need of a large
2.6 Land Use: Institutional 32
public open space. The study aims at reconnecting the city to the river not only metaphorically, but to
2.7 Road Network : Circulation 42
establish physical linkages and improve the quality of the environment and create opportunities to activate
2.8 Activity Pattern 45
the riverfront.
2.9 Density Study: West Bank vs East Bank 46
2.10 Comparitive Site Study 49
2.11 Historical Significance 50

3 Section 3 52
3.1 Design Concept 52
3.2 Design Study : Entrance Nodes 54
3.3 Case Study 62
3.4 Existing Landscape Character 66
3.5 Proposed Policy for Landscape Design 69
3.6 Design Proposal - Plan 76

4 Annexure 98
Aim and Objectives
CONNECTING the City back to its River using Landscape
Creating PHYSICAL ACCESS to the River
Improve quality of ENVIRONMENT, opportunity for RECREATION.
CONSERVE places of historic signiicance.
 Section 1

Section 1
1.1 River Yamuna
Mythological History
Yamunotri According to legend, the Yamuna is
the daughter of Surya (the Sun God)
and his wife Saranya, and the twin
sister of Yama (the God of Death).
New Delhi A dip in the Yamuna is believed to
free a person from all past sins and
contaminations of the material world.
As a part of timeless civilization,
Agra the River Yamuna, other than being
Section 1

a traditional water source, is also a

Allahabad cultural icon and is worshipped as a
Goddess in Indian culture.
Many temple towns are situated
along her banks and their characters
are based on the river.
Yamuna: in Mathura The Mahabharata also mentions
Ghats located on the River Yamuna in Mathura. There are total number of 25 ghats in
Mathura.
Yamuna as being one of the seven
tributaries of the Ganges. Bathing
in and drinking Yamuna’s waters is
Yamuna River Map Yamuna: at Yamunotri, its source believed to remove sin since time
immemorial.
Later, Yamuna is associated with
the God Krishna. Krishna’s association
with the river began right from his
birth, when he let her surging waters
touch his feet. Folklore and stories
about his childhood and youth are
told and retold today with a pure and
beautiful Yamuna as the backdrop; this
is further reinforced through most of
our traditional and folk poetry and
dance forms. According to legend,
Yamunotri Temple and Ashram Krishna jumped into the river to
Yamuna: in Agra tame the poisonous Kaliya snake,
In Agra, the Yamuna forms the backdrop to one of the world’s seven wonders,
the Taj Mahal.
who was polluting the river with his
noxious fumes.
Mythology is a complex science.
Century-old tales and stories
can be interpreted by generation
after generation with their ever
complicated contexts and changing
Location of Major Cities
River monitoring stations ethos. Kaliya’s modern day
WYC Western Yamuna Canal
EYC Eastern Yamuna Canal equivalents are the industrial units
that release efluents into the river.

Yamuna River: Delhi Stretch Yamuna near the Himalayas (Image Source: Google)

Origin
The Yamuna begins at Yamunotri, north of Haridwar, in the Himalayas. The source of the Yamuna technically is Saptrishi
Kund, a glacial lake. At Tajewala, 75 km upstream of Wazirabad, there is a barrage for the waters of the river to low
Yamuna: in Allahabad
into the Western and the Eastern Yamuna Canal. The Yamuna enters Delhi from Palla Village, at a height of 211 metres Her conluence with the Ganges and the mythical Saraswati rivers at Triveni Sangam is a
above sea level. It exits the city at 197 metres above sea level, thus lowing along a very gentle gradient of 1 in 3000. very holy pilgrimage spot. (Image Source: Google)

6 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 7

Section 1

Section 1
1.2 River Yamuna - In Delhi The Main Sources of Pollution in the Yamuna
The Delhi stretch of River Yamuna is barely 22 kms of
its entire 1,370-km long journey from Yamunotri (its
birthplace) to the ocean. Although barely 2 per cent of
the length of the river basin, it contributes to over 80
per cent of the pollution load in the entire stretch of
the river. There is no water in the river for virtually nine
months of the year. Delhi impounds water at the barrage
constructed at Wazirabad where the river enters the city.
What lows in the river subsequently is only sewage and
waste from Delhi’s 22 drains. In other words, the river
ceases to exist at Wazirabad.

1. Industrial wastewaters

Wazirabad Barrage

2. Dumping of garbage 3. Immersion of idols

22 KMS

ITO Barrage

4. Unauthorized settlements on riverbed 5. Bathing cattle

Okhla Barrage

Increasing pollution load is deteriorating the water quality

of River Yamuna. Domestic wastewater, agricultural
runoffs, mass bathing, offering of religious materials, clay
idols, etc., increases the pollution.
Due to the presence of large numbers of towns and
cities along the banks of the Yamuna, which use the
river to dump waste makes its condition even worse.
Therefore, it is now imperative to identify viable remedial
methods to clean the River Yamuna. Barrages on River Yamuna 6. Domestic sewage

8 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 9

Section 1

Section 1
1.3 Delhi - Metro Routes 1.4 Delhi - Planning Zones

Operational Network
Line-1 (Dilshad Garden to Rithala)
Line-2 (Huda City Centre to Jahangirpuri)
Line-3 (Noida City Centre to Dwarka Sector 9)
Line-4 (Yamuna Bank to Anand Vihar ISBT) Legend
Line-5 (Inderlok to Mundka) Zone Boundary
Line-6 (Central Secretariat to Badarpur) National Highway
Airport Express Line Ring Roads
Metro Phase-III (Proposed) River Yamuna
Metro Stations Zone “O”
Study Area (Site) Study Area (Site)

Delhi Metro Routes (Map 01)

Delhi Planning Zones (Map 02)
The site is well connected by Metro
routes. The nearest Metro station is
Indraprastha Metro Station which
falls on the Blue Line.
In the Metro Phase III proposal
there will be a Metro station on
Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg which will
also provide access to the site and
the historically signiicant monument Zonal Plan ‘O’
of Feroz Shah Kotla. As per MPD 2021 notiied on 07.02.2007, the National Capital Territory of Delhi is divided into 15 Planning Zones
(divisions) designated ‘A’ to ‘P’ (except zone ‘I’), eight in urban Delhi (‘A’ to ‘H’), six in Urban Extension (‘J’ to ‘N’ and ‘P’)
and one for the River Yamuna Riverfront which has been designated as Zone ‘O’.
The River Yamuna enters from Palla (north side), traverses a length of 48 kms (22 kms in the urban area) through
the National Capital Territory of Delhi and leaves the city at Jaitpur (south side). The Zone ‘O’ covers an area of about
Indraprastha Metro Station 9700 ha (as per MPD 2001), and 8070 ha (as per MPD 2021).

10 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 11

Section 1

Section 1
1.5 Zone ‘O’ - Land Use
The River Yamuna/Riverfront, Zone
Zone Area Proposed to be ‘O’, is bounded as under:
Name of Proposed
Planning According to Deducted from Current
the area in
Zone MPD 2021 Zone ‘O’ (ha) and added
Zone MPD 2021
(ha) to Adjacent Zones North : NCTD Boundary
River South : NCTD Boundary
O Yamuna/ 8,070 (-) 3,109 4,961
Riverfront East : Marginal Bund and NCTD
Boundary
West : Marginal Bund, Ring Road and
proposed NH 2 bypass along Agra
S. Land Parcel to be Excluded Area to be Excluded Areas Canal
No. From Current Zone ‘O’ Excluded (ha) from to be Included in
Current Zone ‘O’ Adjacent Zones
1 Rajghat 213 A (Walled City)
2 IP Power Station 112 D
3 Millennium Bus Depot 33 D
4 Sonia Vihar Area 718 E
5 Shastri Park DMRC Land 104 E
6 Akshardham Temple, CWG 109 E
Village
7 Yamuna Bank, DMRC Land 40 E 10 4
8 Batla House Area 73 F
9 Jaitpur, Meethapur, Okhla 1310 F
10 Jagatpur 385 P-II
11 Area under Circulation 12 D&F

(Refer Map 04)

Source : Delhi Development Authority

2
Site 7
6
3
The spread of the Yamuna varies
from 1.5 kms to 3.0 kms.

Nine road bridges and two railway

bridges and three fair-weather 8
pontoon bridges cross River Yamuna.

Nineteen major drains discharge

untreated efluents into the river.

The river bed gently slopes from 210

MSL in the north to 199 MSL in the 9
south.

The area has an assortment of

authorized and unauthorized uses
like Delhi Secretariat, samadhis,
cremation grounds, sports
complexes, and thermal and gas Source : DDA
Zone ‘O’ Land Use (Map 03) Source : DDA power stations. Zone ‘O’ Land Use – Updated (Map 04)

12 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 13

Section 1

Section 1
1.6 Zone ‘O’ – Sub Zones SUB-ZONE 1
Sub Zone Reach Approx. Area (ha)
01 UP Border – Wazirabad Barrage 3620
02 Wazirabad Barrage - ISBT Bridge 1100
03 ISBT Bridge – Old Bridge 225
04 Old Rly bridge – IP Barrage (Refer Map 06) 800
05 IP Barrage – New Bridge (Refer Map 07) 365
06 New Rly Bridge – NH 24 Bridge 390
07 NH 24 Bridge – Okhla Barrage 1300
08 Okhla Barrage – Haryana Border 1900
SUB-ZONE 2 Total River Yamuna area (NCTD) 9700

Sub zone 4 extends

from Old Yamuna Bridge to
ITO Barrage
Development in and along Sub zone 4 includes:

West: Red Fort Electric Crematorium, Vijay Ghat,

Shanti Van, Shakti Sthal, IG Stadium, Power Plant
and Delhi Secretariat
SUB-ZONE 3
East: Unauthorized
encroachments, agriculture
and cremation grounds

Proposed Predominant Use

Proposed West: Recreation
Site East: Recreation, Pondage
(water harvesting)
SUB-ZONE 4

SUB-ZONE 5
Sub Zone 4 (Map 06)

Sub zone 5extends from ITO Barrage to New Railway Bridge

Development in and along Sub zone 5 includes
West: Indraprastha Power Plant, Indraprastha Metro Station,
Bus Depot
East: Unauthorized encroachment, agriculture, Yamuna Bank
SUB-ZONE 6 Metro Station

Proposed Predominant Use

East : Recreation, Public and Semi-public facilities. Metro
Depot
West: Utilities, Recreation, Ghats

SUB-ZONE 7

Zone ‘O’ – Sub-zones (Map 05) Sub Zone 5 (Map 07)

14 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 15

Section 1

Section 1
1.7 Recommendations For Zone ‘O’
The River Yamuna/Riverfront, Zone ‘O’ has special characterstics and ecological signiicance for which various studies DDA Zonal Development Plan for River Yamuna Area (May 2006)
have been conducted from time to time. As such, the Zonal Development Plan for Zone ‘O’ has been conceived to set Two levels of urban design inputs are envisaged:
the strategies for the rejuvenation of the River Yamuna and ecofriendly development.
Riverfront Development: At present the width of the river bed varies between 1.5 kms to 3.0 kms and at most sections
neither the water course nor the opposite banks are visible. In order to integrate the river within the larger framework
MPD 2001 of the city and to bring the river closer to the citizens, at certain stretches, ‘aesthetic’ and ‘active’ riverfront development
River Yamuna is to be made pollution free through various measures. On the vast expanse of its banks, large is desirable. These stretches may comprise the following activities/uses with full complement of recreational activities for
recreational areas are to be developed and integrated with other urban developments so that the river is an integral all sections of citizens:
part of the city, physically and visually. • Bathing Ghats
• Pedestrian Boulevards
DUAC Conceptual Plan 2001 • Landscaped Venues
Landscape potential to be explored
Promote recreational activities, cultural centre, bird sanctuary, botanical gardens, water sports etc.

NCR Regional Plan 2011 Conclusion from the Studies

River channelization, pollution control and riverfront developments Keeping in view the recommendation made in the various statutory plans, studies undertaken and the conclusions
arrived at, the Zonal Development Plan for River Yamuna will have to address the following objectives:
Steering Committee Recommendation on MPD-2001 a) Water Supply Augmentation
Intercept all drains discharging sewage in the Yamuna b) Pollution Abatement
Comprehensive review and suitable change in land use c) Land Utilization/Management
d) Eco-friendly Development
SPA – Planning & Development of Yamuna River Bed
Augmenting Water Recharge Potential • The development should not increase the pollution within the River Yamuna area, rather it should regenerate a
Reducing Pollution healthy environment.
Conservation of Natural Areas • Any kind of development should be safe from lood damage even at peak lood level.
Recreation to be limited to ecotourism • Identifying the stretches which can be/should be developed on priority basis and which do not require large inancial
Higher level of recreational facilities resources and are not prone to encroachments.
Adoption of integrated development model
Strategies for riverfront development (8.3 ZONAL PLAN 2021):
NEERI – Environmental Management Plan • To establish riverfront walkway, trails, parks.
• Low Development, No Built Up • To create visually pleasing order to the river’s edge.
Botanical gardens, nurseries, forest and picnic spots, special parks • To attract people and investment to the riverfront.
• Moderate Development, Low Built Up • To develop an arts/entertainment/cultural district.
Open-air stadium, amphitheatre, theme park, gardens, water sports, camping grounds, recreational clubs, • To expand leisure and recreational use of the river and riverfront.
congregation grounds • To emphasize pedestrian streets that connect to the riverfront.
• Extensive Development, Moderate Built Up • To provide outdoor activities for the people.
Convention Centres, Secretariat and Assembly, museums and inancial district, cultural centre

Yamuna Action Plan for NCTD

Under the Yamuna Action Plan of Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India, the following components are
funded by the Central Govt:
i) Low Cost Toilets
ii) Sewage Treatment Plants
iii) Electric Crematoria
iv) Bathing Ghats
v) Plantation

16 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 17

Section 1

Section 1
1.8 Delhi - Evolution of A City

18 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 19

Section 1

Section 1
Medieval City between the Ridge and the River. Imperial City between the Ridge and the River;
Cantonment beyond the Ridge.

Lack of Identity. City reduced to a continuous sprawl. Present Delhi

No Connection to the River.
Contemporary City beyond the Ridge and the River. Future City will eat the Ridge and the River.

1931 AD Lutyens’ Delhi

1638 –1649 Shahajahanbad

1538 –1545 Dinpanah

1351–1388 Ferozabad
Expansion aimed at the reduction of natural resources Transformation of the city, the urban form changed from solid to
within the city. void to scattered. Jahanpanah
1325 –1351

1321–1325 Tuglaqabad
circa 1297 – 1307 Siri
AD

circa 736 – 1060 Lalkot

AD

circa 1450 BC Indraprastha

Creation of impervious surface. Collective realm is restricted to the Natural resources become mere
Loss of open space. movement corridors, detached from the components of urbanization.
ground. Chronological Evoloution of the City of Delhi

20 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 21

 Section 2

Section 2
Section 2

22 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 23

Section 2

Section 2
2.1 Proposed Area of Development 2.2 Site Potential

Riverfront at
28.18% Rajghat Powerplant
As Future Development
1.57% In Another Phase

70..25% Natural Feature: River Rich History and Culture National Signiicance Monuments
300 Acre

The site has a magniicent setting. The river The historical monument of Feroz Shah The site has memorials of signiicant Indian
forms an excellent opportunity to provide Kotla is in close proximity to the site. It leaders situated in close proximity.
for an active public space. is well connected to adjoining historically The vehicular road connecting the ghats to
Ecologically Sensitive(70.25%) signiicant monuments like Purana Qila, the site has very low trafic density and can
Red Fort, India Gate, etc. serve as good connection to the site.
Adaptive Re-Use (28.18%)
Intensive Development (1.57%)
(Railway Corridor)
Rajghat
Powerplant
(Future Development)

Immediate
Context
32 Acre

Neighbouring
Inluence Zone

Religious Active During Weekdays: Work Hours Potential for Pedestrian Connections and
Walking

The site has an existing ‘Chhath Ghat’, which The site has many institutional buildings and Few of the roads like, Indraprastha Marg
Primary is extensively used during the ‘Chhath’ commercial newspaper ofices, making this a already have a wide, well-connected
Site festival and people gather here in large very active area during weekdays. pedestrian pathway and foot overbridge,
numbers during the festival. providing safe and convenient access for the
21 Acre pedestrians.
Adaptive
Re-Use
66 Acre

Proposed Area of Development (Percentage)

24 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 25

Section 2
2.3 Site Challenges
Disconnected Waterfront
Challenge
The site has a beautiful setting at the
water’s edge that has not been fully
embraced.
Consequences
The riverfront is poorly connected in
terms of pedestrian links, functions,
views and vistas,
The waterfront itself could be
much more vibrant and interesting,
The waterfront’s potential has been
underutilized.
Absence of Visual Linkages,
Physical Linkages with Riverfront
26 CITY LEVEL PROJECT
Weak Public Life Pattern
Challenge
The site is well connected, yet there
is a fragile pattern of urban life with
few informal recreational activities
taking place.
Most of the activities taking place
are considered necessary activities,
such as ofices and commercial
operations.
Consequences
The site does not have a distinct
character, and is poorly deined.
There are a great deal of important
destinations on-site, but they are
poorly connected and fail to generate
public life activities. It is not a place
that succeeds in inviting people to
go to for informal activities such as
strolling, biking or hanging out.
Minimal Open Space Identity
Challenge
The public space network is unclear,
since the site lacks interesting, inviting
and varied public spaces. The public
space hierarchy is unclear – where
is the heart of the city? Where are
the places for quiet relection or the
places for physical activities and play?
Consequences
The poor public spaces and the
ofice/institution focused activities in
this area cause fragile user patterns. A
strong public life culture demands a
place that is more inviting throughout
the day, week and the year.
Fragile Urban Culture
Challenge
There are several historically and
culturally signiicant monuments in
and in close proximity to the site.
But it does not translate into a place
where you just spend time in the
public spaces. The open space has
lost its important role as a preferred
meeting place.
Consequences
The public spaces seem underutilized.
Few public spaces in and around the
site manage to invite people to spend
time for informal recreational
purposes and leisure.
The outdoor city culture is
generally underdeveloped and the
city needs more instantly appealing
and inviting public spaces. Lack of
public life is a self-perpetuating
process. Higher levels of public life
tend to generate more life while lack
of public life has the opposite effect.
Unbalanced Trafic System
Challenge
The site has Ring Road running on
the west and Indraprastha Marg/
Bridge to the north.
These highways create barriers and
limit access to the site.
Consequences
Not only has the area around the
site, but in general the city too, has
become ‘car centric’. The car tends to
be ‘king,’ meaning that the vehicular
trafic lows are highly prioritized,
compromising pedestrian and bicycle
low most of the times.
Lack of Quick Accessibility
Options to Metro and
Various Civic Destinations for
Pedestrians
Absence of Mix of Functions and
Safe Walking Condition
YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT
Section 2
Institutional and Ofice Focused Area
Challenge
Overall, the site is dominated by
ofices and institutions.
Consequences
The lack of diversity and mix in
functions has a number of side
effects. There are generally fewer
attractions and unique experiences in
each area leading to a lack of mixed-
user groups.
In terms of public life, the site is only
highly active during ofice and college
hours. This leads to a perceived
lack of safety in the evenings and
weekends, and also impacts the use
of public spaces.
Precincts Deserted after
Business Hours
27
Section 2

Section 2
2.4 Immediate Context
1 5

Rajghat

1 6

Shanti Van

Gandhi Ashram
2
7
5

6
9
Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium

8 8
10 3

Feroz Shah Kotla

Rajghat Power Plant 9

11
3
4

Jai Prakash Narayan Park

10

Yamuna Velodrome

Institutional Shaheed Bhagat Singh Park

4
The site precinct has number of mixed-uses. The predominant ones being professional
11
Industrial institutes and ofices. It has numerous nationally signiicant monuments (Refer Annexure)
located in close proximity. Four major sports activity buildings, namely IG Indoor Stadium,
Historic
Yamuna Velodrome, Feroz Shah Kotla Stadium and Ambedkar Stadium. Two parks –
Residential Shaheed Bhagat Singh Park and Jai Prakash Narayan Park. Two major power stations, Rajghat
Power Plant and Indraprastha Power Plant, and historically signiicant monuments Feroz
Sports Shah Kotla and Khooni Darwaza. As such there is no residential area in the site precinct
other than Vinod Nagar located close to the Feroz Shah Monument. Daryaganj, one of the
Greens
oldest residential areas of the city, is located nearby but is not part of the study area. Indraprastha Power Plant Chhath Puja Ghat

28 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 29

Section 2

Section 2
2.5 Potential Entrance Nodes
1

Potential Node 1: From Mahatma Gandhi Marg

Existing Riverfront/ adjacent to Indraprastha Metro Station
Greens

Potential Node 2: From Vikas Marg/

d
Old ITO Bridge

Roa
ing
ad/R
3
k Ro
run
nd T

4
Gra

Potential Node 3 : From Sachivalaya Road

oad

3 (Opp. Delhi Secretariat)

aR
alay
hiv

4
Sac

Vikas Marg/Old ITO Bridge

Potential Node 4 : Under Grand Trunk Road/

Indraprastha Ring Road
Mixed-Use
Riverfront Site
(74 Acre) 5
1

Potential Node 5 : From Grand Trunk Road/

Ring Road

30 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 31

Section 2

Section 2
2.6 Land Use: Institutional
Institutional Industrial
Important government and semi- Three main power plants are
government institutional buildings located in close proximity to the site.
are located in this area. The most Indraprastha Power Plant, Rajghat
important being the Secretariat, Power Plant and Pragati Maidan
Vikas Minar, Police Headquarters, Power Plant.
ITO. Educational institutions like SPA
and IIPM are also located in close Potential
proximity to the site The site is located between
Indraprastha Power Plant and River
Potential Yamuna. Adaptive Reuse of the IP
These institutions should have a Power Plant and the railway line are
better access to the riverfront site. suggested.

DDA Ofice Building Rajghat Power Station

DDA (on RT) from the ITO FOB Police Headquarters Rajghat Power Plant

School of Planning and Architecture Secretariat Indraprastha Power Plant

32 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 33

Section 2
Land Use : National Signiicance
Historic/National Signiicance
The heritage monuments Feroz
Shah Kotla and Khooni Darwaza are
located in close proximity to the site.
Other places of national signiicance
close to site are: Rajghat, Shanti Van,
Gandhi Smarak. (For a complete list
of samadhis located close to site
refer Annexure page 100-101)
Potential
A shuttle service along with
provisions for bike/pedestrian
connections from the historically
signiicant monuments to the site
can/should be created.
Veer Bhumi
Gandhi Smarak
Rajghat Shakti Sthal
Feroz Shah Kotla Shanti Van
34 CITY LEVEL PROJECT
Section 2
Land Use : Religious Signiicance
Religious Signiicance
Chhath Puja Ghat which is located
on-site is used extensively during the
Chhath Puja festival.
Potential
Chhath Puja is an annual event and
the site remains un-utilized for the
rest of the year. Thus, there is need
to create activity to bring people to
the site.
Mosque
Chhath Puja Ghat
Chhath Puja Ghat
YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 35
Section 2

Land Use: Commercial
Commercial
Most newspaper ofices are situated
in close proximity of the site.
Potential
As the newspaper industry is such
that it remains open for 365 days a
year, irrespective of holidays, there is
an opportunity to give the people
working here a breathing space on
the riverfront where they can unwind
and relax.
Section 2
Land Use: Residential
Residential
The residential area of Vikram Nagar
is located adjacent to Feroz Shah
Kotla Monument. Daryaganj, one of
the oldest residential settlements
of Delhi City, is also located in the
immediate context of the site. Anna
Nagar, which is an unauthorized
Daryaganj colony is situated along the railway
and Metro line.
Issues
Few of the residences in Vikram
Nagar share the wall of the
historically signiicant Feroz Shah
Vikram Nagar Kotla Monument.

Guideline
There should be a setback from the
historic façade.

View of Maharao Krishna Rao Marg

Ofices at Maharao Krishna Rao Marg Doll Museum Vikram Nagar Anna Nagar

Ofices at Maharao Krishna Rao Marg Times of India Ofice Express Building Vikram Nagar Vikram Nagar Daryaganj

36 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 37

Section 2
Land Use : Sports Facility
Yamuna Velodrome
Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium
38 CITY LEVEL PROJECT
Sports Facility
Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium and
Yamuna Velodrome are located within
5–10 minutes walking distance from
the site. Feroz Shah Kotla Stadium
and Dr Ambedkar Stadium are also
located in close proximity to the site.
Potential
The stadiums act as activity
generators and this activity can be
dispersed to the riverfront site,
creating an active area. Also, the
parking lots for IG Indoor Stadium
and Yamuna Velodrome can be used
for the proposed site.
Dr Ambedkar Stadium
Feroz Shah Kotla Stadium
Yamuna Velodrome
Yamuna Velodrome from elevated road
Section 2
Land Use : Open Spaces
Open Spaces
Most of the public ‘open spaces’
are located around the heritage
monuments and other places of
interest – Rajghat, Feroz Shah Kotla
and also Yamuna Riverfront behind
Indraprastha Power Plant.
Potential:
The open spaces are not easily
accessible. They need to be well
connected to the adjoining areas and
Metro station and roads.
Near Rajghat Power Station
Near Chhath Ghat
Railway Line
Feroz Shah Kotla
YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 39
Section 2

Section 2
Land Use : Analysis - Conclusion Final Land Use Map
Institutional
Character
Important government and semi-government institutional buildings are located in this area. Most
of the
important being Secretariat, Vikas Minar, Police Headquarters, ITO. Educational institutions like
Land Use
SPA and IIPM are also located in close proximity to the site
Urbanscape
These institutions should have a better access to the Riverfront Site.

Industrial
Three main power plants are located in close proximity to the site. Indraprastha Power Plant,
Rajghat Power Plant and Pragati Maidan Power Plant.
The site is located between Indraprastha Power Plant and River Yamuna. Adaptive-Reuse of
the IP Power Plant and the railway line are suggested.

Historic/National Signiicance
The heritage monuments of Feroz Shah Kotla and Khooni Darwaza are located in close
proximity to the site. Other places of national signiicance close to site are: Rajghat, Shanti Van,
Gandhi Smarak.
A visual link along with providing bike/pedestrian connections from the historically signiicant
monuments to the site can/should be created.

Religious Signiicance
‘Chhath Puja Ghat’ which is located on-site is used extensively during the Chhath Puja festival.
Chhath puja is a once in a year event, and the site remains un-utilized for rest of the year and
lacks activity. Need to create activity to bring people to the site.

Commercial
Most newspaper ofices are situated in close proximity of the site.
As the newspaper industry is such that it remains open for 365 days a year irrespective of
holidays, there is an opportunity to give the people working there a breathing space on the
riverfront where they can unwind and relax.

Residential
The residential area of Vikram Nagar is located adjacent to Feroz Shah Kotla Monument.
Daryaganj, one of the oldest residential settlements of Delhi City, is also located in the
immediate context of the site. Anna Nagar, which is an unauthorized colony is situated along the
railway and Metro line.
Few of the residences in Vikram Nagar share the wall of the historically signiicant Feroz Shah
Kotla Monument.

Sports Facility
Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium, and Yamuna Velodrome are located within 5-10 minutes walking
distance from the site. Feroz Shah Kotla Stadium and Dr Ambedkar Stadium are also located in
close proximity to the site.
The stadiums act as activity generators and this activity can be dispersed to the riverfront site,
creating an active area. Also, the parking lots for IG Indoor Stadium and Yamuna Velodrome can
be used for the proposed site.

Open Spaces
Most of the public ‘open spaces’ are located around the heritage monuments and other places
of interest: Rajghat, Feroz Shah Kotla and also Yamuna Riverfront behind Indraprastha Power
Plant.
The open spaces are not easily accessible. They need to be well connected to the adjoining
areas and Metro station and roads.

40 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 41

Section 2

Section 2
2.7 Road Network : Circulation
6

Satyagraha Marg

8
Maharao Krishna Rao Marg

3 8

5
7

1 4

Velodrome Road

Sachivalaya Road

High Intensity Road Low Intensity Road

Mid Intensity Road Metro Route

1 2 3

Indraprastha Marg Mahatma Gandhi Marg Ring Road

4 5

Bus Stops Circulation

The main ‘Circulation Nodes’ include,
Metro Stops Indraprastha Metro Station, Pragati Maidan
and Yamuna Bank on the East Bank.
Phase III Metro Line

Blue Metro Line

Vikas Marg Sachivalaya Road

42 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 43

Section 2

Section 2
Reclaiming Public Space for Parking 2.8 Activity Pattern

Ambedkar
On-street parking in front of WHO, near Vikas Bhawan & ITO and Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg Stadium

Ring Road
Public spaces that need to be reclaimed as parking spaces.
• Parking lot in IG Stadium and Delhi Secretariat are underutilized and can be

Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg

used for parking for the proposed site.
• Space under the elevated Ring Road bypass can also be reclaimed for Yamuna
Velodrome
parking.

Space under the elevated Ring Road

Vikas Marg
Indraprastha Marg

Chhath Puja

Ring Road
Ghat

Activity Pattern:
• Indraprastha Marg has mostly institutional buildings on both sides (refer page 32) and is highly active on weekdays.
• Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg has mostly newspaper ofices and is active seven days a week.
• Chhath Puja Ghat is active only seasonally during Chhath Puja Festival once a year. Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium,
Yamuna Velodrome, Ambedkar Stadium and Feroz Shah Kotla Stadium are active only when a sports activity is taking
Proposed Connections place. Thus the site is active only seasonally.

44 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 45

Section 2

Section 2
2.9 Density Study: West Bank vs East Bank

Density Study of the West and East Bank
Building a footprint study of the East and West Bank along the river for the site precinct shows that the East Bank
is more densely populated than the West Bank. And is in dire need of an open space that provides respite and a
breathing lung space for the residents. The riverfront has a high potential open space available in the heart of the city.
• People in higher density dwellings need greater access and quality open space and public realm – their backyard is
the public domain.
• Connectivity is also an important consideration There is a need to improve the connectivity between the densely
populated areas and the open spaces. Recreation facilities and open spaces should be well connected by means of
public transport, walking tracks and bike paths.

46 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 47

Section 2

Section 2
Open Space Study 2.10 Comparitive Site Study

Land Use Roads and Nullahs

Open Space and Land Use Study for East and West Bank
The West Bank has numerous open spaces, while the East Bank clearly lacks open green spaces.
The West Bank has mostly institutional buildings and the East Bank mainly residential.
By creating an active Riverside Green Space, we will provide an area for the residents of the East Bank to visit during
weekends. Due to the commercial and professional nature of land use on the West Bank, the site will remain active
during weekdays and provide a respite from hectic work schedules.

Land Use Study

Existing Vegetation/Trees Greens

Building Footprint

48 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 49

Section 2

Section 2
2.11 Historical Signiicance Linking Heritage
on the Site
Delhi’s heritage can be integrated
and linked to transform the cognitive
image of the city:
• Through architectural conservation
and urban design interventions to
create experience and awareness
towards heritage. These will cover
TOWARDS street furniture, lighting, special
RIVER transportation system, treatment
to footpaths, roads and intersection
nodes, public places, etc.
• By making the cognitive experience
of Delhi as a Heritage City more
manifest for both local inhabitants
and visitors.
N

An aerial view of the Feroze Shah Kotla Node shows location of those
structures that are signiicant to the project:

1. Feroz Shah Kotla

2. Khooni Darwaza
3. Lok Nayak Jaiprakash Smriti Udyan (Smriti Udyan)
4. Shaheed Bhagat Singh Park (Shahidi Park)

Kotla Feroz Shah

The city of Delhi has enormous numbers and varieties of historic sites like the Qutub Minar, Humayun’s Tomb and, most recently, the Red
Fort, that have been inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. Others, like the Old Fort and Jama Masjid, are part of popular tourist
circuits. There are many more sites of equal signiicance; however, they lie ‘buried’ within the modern city, neglected and forgotten
• The site continues to possess historical, archaeological, architectural and • Historically speaking, this site is an ensemble of structures belonging to the reigns of three signiicant emperors of
artistic value as the walls of the ruins merge with the newer constructions
around. The signiicance of this site, needs to be protected, preserved
and enhanced for the experience of people who visit or live in Delhi.
The constituent structures hold the potential to continue the original
design intention or suggest interventions for adaptive reuse or new use,
consequently reinstating the cultural relevance of the site, whilst making it a
place for people to enjoy and experience their own heritage.
The precinct of Feroz Shah Kotla has tremendous heritage value.
• The site includes archaeological ruins of Feroz Shah Kotla and the surviving remains of Khooni Darwaza.
• The Kotla of Feroz Shah also includes one of the Ashokan stone pillars, removed from its original location and re-
erected here by Feroz Shah Tughlaq.
India: Ashoka (BC 273 – 232), Feroz Shah (AD 1351 – 88) and Sher Shah Suri (AD 1540 – 55).
• The site contributes to the experience of architectural, artistic and cultural history of cultures that lourished in the
historical timescape of Delhi.
• Khooni Darwaza establishes the physical extent of Sher Shah’s Dilli, and suggests an overlapping relationship between
the two cities – Firozabad (14th C) and Dilli Sher Shahi (16th C) – founded within a time gap of two centuries.

Khooni Darwaza
(Source: Intach, Delhi Heritage Route, Detailed
Project Report, June 2009)

50 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 51

 Section 3

Section 3
3.1 Design Concept Existing Site Conditions
Connection to
Rajghat Power Plant

Entrance/Welcome Zone:
Create Activity Zone for the Entry Zone

Vikas Marg / Old ITO Bridge

Existing Open Area

Religious Zone (Chhath Puja Ghat):
The Chhath Puja Ghat is massively used
only once a year during the Chhath Puja festival.
Section 3

Welcome
Zone
Ring Road

Green Ecozone
Riverfront Zone
Solar Farm Chhath Ghat

Chhath
Ghat

Improve Existing Pedestrian Paths

strian

Park
ays

Solar Provide seating enclosures and benches along the Path

P w h

Have Avenue plantation along the pathways

Pede

Link To
a t

River Green Ecozone

tive
Adap
- U se
Re
Zone
Development Zone (Existing Railtrack):
Proposal for Development along the Rail Track

Embankmen
t Existing Pedestrian Pathways
River Overlo
ok
Visual
ection
Conn

Adaptive Reuse of Indraprastha Power Plant

Existing Railway Line

Metro L Welcome
ine (Blu
e) Zone Entrance/Welcome Zone

Indraprastha Power Plant Structure

Nullah :
Development along the Nullah
Connection to
Pragati Maidan
Power Plant

Existing Nullah

52 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 53

Section 3

Section 3
3.2 Design Study : Entrance Nodes
To Rajghat Power Plant

VIKAS MARG/OLD ITO BRIDGE

6
5
RING ROAD

6
5

4
4

3 3

2 2

1
1

Entrance Nodes and Parking Vehicular Movement On-site

Vehicular movement on the site is restricted to the outer periphery only.

Node 1 Node 2 Node 3 Node 4 Node 5 Node 6

Pedestrian/ Vehicular & Vehicular Access Vehicular & Vehicular & Vehicular &
Battery Operated Pedestrian Access Only Pedestrian Access Pedestrian Access Pedestrian Access Strategy tools relating to walking and cycling speciically include:
Shuttle 1. Re-allocation of road space with an emphasis on sustainable modes, including walking and cycling.
Access Parking: Parking: Parking: Parking: Parking:
195 Cars 220 Cars 75 Cars 175 Cars 100 Cars 2. Aligning usage with policy agenda which looks to increase walking and cycling mode splits.
3. Increase opportunities to rest (pedestrian) and increase the provision of safe, secure and sheltered parking (cycling).

54 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 55

Section 3

Section 3
Connection To
Rajghat Powerplant

Visual Connections
to The River

Possible Future Pedestrian Existing Water Bodies

Connection
(Refer ‘Vision of Delhi’ Report) Proposed Water Bodies
Connection
To Pragati Maidan
Power Plant

Pedestrian Movement On-site Water Bodies On-site

Existing Proposed
The functioning of a pedestrian route largely depends on the resting spaces provided for the users. - Yamuna River - Pond in the boardwalk area
Shade and proper street furnishings improve the quality of the pedestrian environment. - Nullah - Train entrance plaza
- Kids Activity Zone- Water Fountain
Comfort and shelter are essential characteristics of pedestrian needs and these should be proiciently catered to.
Seating places provide support for people to colonize the centre of the space, thus these should be located parallel to
the pedestrian lows.
The walkways have multiple interjections to create a sense of pause and provide seating spaces. This will be a well
designed open space which is part of an interconnected network to promote pedestrian and bicycle trips between
open space and destinations.

56 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 57

Section 3

Section 3
Indraprastha Power Plant

uja
a th P
t
Gha
Chh
Potential Issues
• Adaptive Reuse of the Power Plant on the lines of • Environmentally unsound
international industrial examples such as Tate Modern, • Coal-based plant leading to massive emissions
Gasometer City, The Silos, Battersea Power Plant and • No control over particulate matter emissions
many others. (Refer page no. 62 for case-study) • Fly-ash generation
• Fly-ash sludge often making its way to the Yamuna
Indra Plant
ha
prast

• Coal has traces of heavy metal that is hazardous to

e r
Pow

health
• Using a 2-MW diesel set, power was generated for the
irst time in Delhi in 1903

Existing Buildings are meant to evolve and change; they are constantly changing. While they may be designed for a particular
Railwayline use, they eventually adapt due to ‘usages in and around them constantly changing’.

Existing Guiding Features On-site Indraprastha Power Plant Indraprastha Power Plant
Use existing open space as green Use existing mega structures for
connectors/parks/public spaces leisure/amusement related activities

Indraprastha Power Plant

Railway Line The development of this area would transform a derelict space and create something which everyone can appreciate;
Chhath Puja Ghat it will also introduce an accessible green space into the city.

58 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 59

Section 3

Section 3
Railway Line Chhath Puja Ghat

Signiicance of Chhath Puja

Chhath Puja is an ancient Hindu festival and the only Vedic festival dedicated to the Hindu Sun God, Surya, and Chhathi
Maiya (ancient Vedic goddess, Usha).The Chhath Puja is performed in order to thank Surya for sustaining life on earth
and to request the granting of certain wishes.

Mythology
The rituals inds reference in the epic Mahabharata in which Draupadi is depicted as observing similar rites.
In the Mahabharata, Draupadi and the Pandavas, rulers of Indraprastha (modern Delhi), performed the Chhath
ritual on the advice of the noble sage, Dhaumya. It is also believed that Chhath was started by Karna, the son of Surya
(Surya Putra Karna). Surya Putra Karna ruled over the Anga Desh (present day Bhagalpur district of Bihar) during the
Mahabharata Age.

Ritual
The rituals of the festival are rigorous and are observed over a period of four days. They include holy baths, fasting and
abstaining from drinking water (vratta), standing in water for long periods of time, and offering prashad and arghya to
the setting and rising sun.

Location
Chhath Puja Ghat is located on the western bank of River Yamuna behind the IP Power Plant and is used once a year
during the Chhath Puja festival.

Existing Scenario
The railway line connects the IP Power Plant and the
Rajghat Power Plant to the main railway line. And, is
used to supply coal to both these power plants. With
Indraprastha Power Plant closed and Rajghat Power Plant
proposed to be shutdown in 2014, the railway line would
be defunct.
Potential:
Conversion of the existing Railway line into a pedestrian
friendly corridor such as done in New York City for the
Highline Park. (Refer Page no. 63 for Case-Study) Re-use
of railway line as part of the landscape feature.
Issues
The area remains isloated for the rest of the year. When it is used once a year, there is lack of proper parking facilities
and a proper planned open space where such an event can be organized.
Potential
• Provide adequate parking space.
• Create/design a large open space where the event can take place, as people tend to stay overnight on the grounds
there is need for a large space to provide temporary shelter during the festival.

60 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 61

Section 3

Section 3
3.3 Case Study
Adaptive Reuse of Industrial Building Adaptive Reuse of Railway Line
Throughout history, the main reason for reuse has been economic. Previously it was done ‘without regard for history
or “character”.’ This shifted in the late 20th century when adaptive reuse evolved more speciically into historic
preservation. We now have shifted to a balance between historic and economic reasons for adaptive reuse. Recent
adaptive reuse projects have generated ‘some of the most innovative and intelligent work’ in the architectural ield. It
is not just a sentimental or historic approach but a desire to create ‘new form out of old fabric’. The rediscovery and
reuse of old buildings and areas is more signiicant for the twenty-irst century urban life.

The remains of industry include dramatic buildings, landscapes, sites and

precincts as well as everyday structures and spaces that work together to give
our cities, towns and regions their character. All offer opportunity for reuse.
Done well, such adaptive reuse can contribute to the building of a social and
cultural capital, environmental sustainability and urban regeneration.
(Source: Google)
The case studies that accompany this report highlight a range of successful Manhattan’s acclaimed High Line – a Originally: Opened in 1934 as an
international projects, across scale and building types. relic of urban history and imaginative elevated railway, the High Line was
example of adaptive reuse – has established to provide greater safety
inspired a generation of linear urban by separating rail and street trafic.
parks occupying abandoned railway
lines Adapted To: Extremely successful
elevated public park stretching over
one mile, running through the heart
of Manhattan.

Xintiandi Factory, Hangzhou, China (Source: Google) Tate Modern, London

Originally: Bankside Power Station

Originally: Machine Factory
Adapted To: Tate Modern is
Adapted To: The Xintiandi old factory will be renovated into a high quality Britain’s national gallery for modern
building with a combination of functions including ofices, retail, hotel and art with 4.7 million visitors/year.
multipurpose areas. It has transformed a previously
underdeveloped area of London and
has helped give the city a new image
as a leading centre of contemporary
culture.

Originally: The Gasometers were built from 1896 to

Gasometer City, Vienna, Austria
1899. The containers were used to help supply Vienna
with town gas facilities. Each is 70 metres tall and 60
metres in diameter. The Gasometers were retired in 1984
due to new technologies in gasometer construction
(Source: Wikipedia)

Adapted To: Each gasometer is divided into several

zones for living (apartments at the top), working (ofices
on the middle loors) and entertainment and shopping
(shopping malls on the ground loors). The shopping mall
levels in each gasometer are connected to the others by (Source: AdaptiveReuse.info, Brooklyn, NY)

skybridges. Reuse of existing rail lines (currently used for coal trains to the power plants)
(Source: Google)
The Gasometers have developed a village character all for continuous transit connections
of their own and are a city within a city. The success of these projects provides
the inspiration to look at innovative and
environmentally friendly ways to reinvent • pedestrian paths, bike trails,
Gasometer A (Inside) Gasometer B (Outside) the disused railways of the industrial past. • electric shuttles along riverfront district sites

62 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 63

Section 3

Section 3
Learning from Case Study Design Philosophy
• Multiple uses and edge treatments have to be allowed.

• Creating a destination rather than just a thoroughfare.

• Address the concern of occasional looding and how the design will evolve and respond to the seasonal changes of
the river.

• The design vision calls for design strategies, and deliberate planning of open spaces, which strike a balance between
innovation and historic preservation as opposed to a single solution. This will give the riverfront the lexibility to
evolve over time
University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
• Green spaces that are connected with other green or open spaces through walking and cycling trails or greenways
promote higher levels of physical activity and encourage more visits and longer stays.

• The existing Indraprastha Power Plant and the railway line serve as excellent opportunities for development of
landmark architecture features on the site. The open agricultural character of the grassland/agriculture land on the riverbank
• Restoring ecology, improving water quality, building with nature, part of history. should be preserved as the landscape image for both its natural dimension as well
• Supplementing existing vegetation – a green fertile milieu with an urban park character will be created. as its ecological importance for the surrounding Yamuna riverfront.

64 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 65

Section 3

Section 3
3.4 Existing Landscape Character

Existing Vegetation On-site

Issues and Potential

There is no visual and physical access to the river from the main roads adjoining the site, namely Mahatma Gandhi
Marg and Vikas Marg.

The railway line has the potential to be reused as part of the landscape element, but the heavy plantation blocks the
access to the railway line from/to the river.

There are numerous native varieties of trees, plants, shrubs and grass which need to be retained.

66 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 67

Section 3

Section 3
3.5 Proposed Policy for Landscape Design

Common Name: Khair Common Name: Blady Grass/Kunai Grass Common Name: Peepal
Botanical Name: Senegalia catechu Botanical Name: Imperata cylindrica Botanical Name: Ficus religiosa

Common Name: Ranawara Common Name: Bushgrass Common Name: Banyan

Botanical Name: Cassia auriculata Botanical Name: Calamagrostis epigejos Botanical Name: Ficus benghalensis

Common Name: Babul/Kikar Common Name: Vetiver Grass Common Name: Neem
Botanical Name: Vachellia nilotica Botanical Name: Chrysopogon zizanioides Botanical Name: Azadirachta indica

Common Name: Eucalyptus Common Name: Kans Common Name: Ashok

Botanical Name: Eucalyptus obliqua Botanical Name: Saccharum spontaneum Botanical Name: Polyalthia longifolia Forest (>50% canopy cover): Plant wherever possible; provides shade, recreation, riparian habitat, stormwater and
erosion control, lood mitigation and water quality treatment.

Woodland (<50% canopy cover): Plant wherever views are desired through trees; provides most beneits of forest and
may be more acceptable in developed areas.

Shrubland: Plant to protect steep slopes and as natural fences for pedestrian/bicycle trafic control.

Meadow: Plant as a means of managing large open areas; provides riparian buffers and habitat for small mammals,
insects and birds.

Common Name: Dhau/Dhak Common Name: Bottle Brush Common Name: Yellow Oleander Lawn: Plant on relatively lat slopes only and active recreation zones; separate lawns from river edges with riparian
Botanical Name: Anogeissus latifolia Botanical Name: Callistemon viminalis Botanical Name: Cascabela thevetia buffer.

68 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 69

Section 3

Section 3
Policy for Planting Design
Maintain canopy trees along the entire riverbank to the
fullest extent possible

Plant native or non-invasive species throughout the river

corridors.
Native species are preferred for the river edge landscapes
because of their adaptation to the local environment,
response to lood conditions and biodiversity
enhancement.

Develop a diverse hierarchy of

landscape cover types
The goal of every planting restoration design should be
to restore as much forest as is feasible to each riverfront
site. A diverse mix of forest, woodland, shrubland and
meadow will give signiicant beneits – maximum shade,
oxygen production, carbon sequestration, biodiversity
habitat and pollution and stormwater mitigation – to the
urban environment.

Replace paved surfaces and lawn with

plants and porous materials
With a large percentage of the urban environment paved
with impervious surfaces, plants can play a signiicant role
in decreasing stormwater runoff and improving water
quality. Tree canopies intercept precipitation as it falls and
decrease the amount of runoff leaving a site, even when
the understorey is paved beneath the drip line of a tree.
Mosquito/Insect Repellant Plants Where the ground is pervious, plantings help maintain
less compact soil with the growth and death of roots. Soil
Trees as Focal Point
that is less compact will absorb more precipitation and
Avenue Trees therefore create less runoff. Plants along a riverbank not
only reduce the velocity of surface runoff but also purify
Flowering Trees the groundwater before it reaches the river by absorbing
nutrients.
Aquatic Plants

Flowering Plants
(Image Source: Google)

70 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 71

Section 3

Section 3
Intent Imagery for Proposed Vegetation

Entrance

Untouched Forest Walk

Boardwalk

Aquatic Plants
Tree as focal point
Tree Avenue

Entrance

Tree Avenue
Flowering Shrubs

(Image Source: Google)

72 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 73

Section 3

Section 3
Ecological Zone
Solar Park

Welcome Zone II
Weekly Haat

Ecological Zone
Boardwalk/Birdwatch Trail

Cultural/Religious
Chhath Maidan

Adaptive Reuse
Railway Line

Adaptive Reuse
Indraprastha Power Plant

Welcome Zone I
Train Entrance Plaza

Welcome Zone

Cultural/Religious Zone

Adaptive Reuse Zone

Ecological Zone
Key Plan - Conceptual Zones

74 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 75

Section 3

Section 3
3.6 Design Proposal - Plan
1. Entrance
2. Parking
3. Welcome Zone (Weekly Haat)
4. Mela Ground For Chhath Puja
5. Chhath Puja Ghat (Existing)
6. Solar Farm
7. Eco Area – Boardwalk/Birdwatch Trail
1 2 8. Pond
9. Viewing Platform (Existing Embankments)
3
10. Plaza
11. Grand Lawn – Open Exhibition Space
12. Amphitheatre
7 4
13. Exhibition Centre
14. Cafés
5 15. Railwaytrack
8
16. Entrance Court
17. Pedestrian/Bike Trail along Nullah
18. Adaptive Reuse IP Powerplant
6
• The Riverfront is envisioned to be a place of great diversity, offering activities throughout the seasons for people of
all ages.
• Connection of existing trails to the Riverfront; creation of new trails that lead users to the Riverfront.
9
• Recognizing loodplains as ecologically fragile areas; maintaining the open agricultural character of the riverbank.
• Promote development of vegetational belts in the loodplain area for improving water quality and enhancement of
2 10
biodiversity
• Use of loodplain area to augment treatment of pollution from diffused sources.

12
11
The site is divided into three distinct zones (Refer page 24).
18
• Ecologically Sensitive Zone (70.25%)
• Intensive Development (28.18%)
9 • Adaptive Reuse (1.5%)
14
13
15

1
9

17

Initial sketch looking at entrance from the road

76 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 77

Section 3

Section 3
Welcome Zone One: Train Entrance Plaza’

B
A

A
A’

Key Plan Pedestrian Entrance Plaza (Welcome Zone) View A:View of the Entrance Plaza with the Railway Track

Train Entrance Plaza

This area would have direct access – only pedestrian – from the Ring Road from Node 1(refer 3.2: Entrance Nodes,
page 54). There would be electronic trams running from the parking lot to the Entrance Plaza. It can also be accessed
via the pedestrian connection created along the Nullah running parallel to IP Metro station. Another close parking
location is the existing IP Metro station parking lot. A bridge created over the Nullah will provide access to the
Entrance Plaza from this location.
Activities in this area include a ticket counter for the train ride, food kiosks and seating plaza.

Entrance from the Road

Toy Train Reference Images (Source: Disney Theme Park) Electronic Trams – Running from Parking Lot to the Entrance Plaza
(Source: Disney Theme Park)

Section AA’ Through Nullah View B: Looking at the Food Kiosks

78 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 79

Section 3

Section 3
Religious/Cultural Zone : ‘Chhath Maidan’ Intensive Development: Welcome Zone Two: Weekly ‘Haat’

Weekly Haat Plan

Chhath Maidan Plan

Key Plan
Chhath Maidan
The preferred use proposed for this area is for more
passive activities such as picnicking, biking, walking and the
like. There are two other suggested active uses for this
location. First, it was felt that the large open space would
adapt well to use as a concert and festival venue during
Chhath Puja. It could also be used during other festivals like
Durga Puja, Ganesh Visarjan, Dussehra.
There will be good pedestrian and bicycle access, with
limited vehicular movement. This area is accessible from
entrance node 5 & 6 (page 54).
Initial Concept Sketch
Key Plan
Entrance Plaza (Weekly Haat)
There are lots of vegetable and fruit vendors on the Old ITO Bridge. All these vendors can be accommodated in the
weekly ‘haat’ market, where they would be provided space to sell their produce once a week like a weekly farmers’
market.
For the rest of the days the space could be utilized by artists and craftsmen as exhibition space.
This space has access from node 5 directly (page 54) and has an adjacent parking lot (page 55) for ease of carrying
purchased goods.
Pictures of existing maidan during Festival

Chhath Maidan View Weekly Haat View

80 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 81

Section 3

Section 3
Intensive Development: Railway Line Corridor

Key Plan

Birds eye view of site from Indraprastha Marg

Study Section showing railway track, pedestrian & bike pathways and board overlooking the river

Initial Design Study – IP Metro Station Crossover

(Source: NILA Architecture Firm)

View Integrating river edge and rail corridor

Initial Design Study – Decorative Paving Pattern Adaptive Reuse – Railway Line Initial Design Study – Section

82 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 83

Section 3

Section 3
Intensive Development: Railway Line Corridor

The Intensive Development Corridor would be designed along the existing railway line. It will have a mix of on-
street cafés and art shops.

Bird’s-eye View
Initial Study: Intensive Development Corridor

84 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 85

Section 3

Section 3
Intensive Development: Railway Line Corridor

Intensive Development Corridor is envisioned as a space with cafés along the pedestrian pathway Eye-level view of the street
and sidewalks with kiosks Initial Study – Intensive Development Corridor

86 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 87

Section 3

Section 3
Ecological Zone : Boardwalk

Observation Platform – Initial Study

Boardwalk/Birdwatch Trail
Much of the Yamuna Riverfront has been envisioned
to remain as natural preserve area. This will require a
Key Plan Boardwalk/Birdwatch Trail signiicant commitment to the removal of noxious and
invasive plants and a revegetation and management plan.
Areas such as the existing ly-ash pond are the primary
candidates for this effort, so that these areas can be
revived ecologically.
It is proposed to have a boardwalk system that
Boardwalk Plan
meanders though the wetland and extends to an
overlook on the lake.
This boardwalk will provide an accessible route from
the entrance node 4 and 5 (Refer Section 3.2 Entrance
Node, Page 54).
In addition to the boardwalk, overlooks and benches,
a learning pavilion is also proposed to create a shade
canopy within the wetland and allow for outdoor
Initial Study – Section through the proposed Lake and the Forest Trail classroom space. During invasive plant removal and
revegetation there will be opportunities to educate the
public about invasive plants and how they destroy native
habitats, the advantages of a healthy wetland and the lora
and fauna that can exist within a wetland.
This walk is proposed to allow for enjoyment of the Reference Images for the Forest Trail, Boardwalk and water edge
river birdlife and associated vegetation.
The at-grade boardwalk will provide daily access to this
portion of the site regardless of weather conditions, while
limiting the pedestrian impact to this ecosystem.

Boardwalk Reference Image Bloomingdale Line in Chicago

88 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 89

Section 3

Section 3
Ecological Zone : Solar Park Grand Lawn and Amphitheatre

Key Plan Solar Park Key Plan Amphitheatre

Adaptive Reuse – Solar Park Amphitheatre

A Solar Park has been proposed where the existing
power grid is located.
The development of affordable, inexhaustible and
clean solar energy technologies will have huge long-
term beneits. It will increase the country’s energy
security through reliance on an indigenous, inexhaustible
and mostly import-independent resource, enhance
sustainability, reduce pollution, lower the costs of
mitigating climate change, and keep fossil fuel prices lower
than otherwise.
This area is directly accessible from Node 4 (page 54).
The Amphitheatre extends the adaptive reuse function
(Art Exhibition Space at ground loor, see page 94) of the
IP Power Plant building and forming an interactive space
for the public.
The grand lawn serves as an open exhibition space and
provides a link between the IP Power Plant building and
the amphithetre.
Nodes 2, 3 (page 54) provide direct access to this area.
Initial Design Study

Solar panels:
1. The sun’s rays do not cost money
2. Fast and eficient way to collect energy
3. No CO2 emissions
4. No harm to the environment
5. Reduce electricity Aerial View of Grand Lawn and Amphitheatre
Image Source: Google

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Section 3

Section 3
Adaptive Reuse: IP Power Plant
Status of Thermal Power Station
At present the Thermal Power Station has an outer
envelope building near the Ring Road. Steel sheds, various
sheds, hoppers, training centre building, tanks and various
other permanent and semi-permanent structures exist
behind the front envelope. It is proposed to develop the
front envelope building into the oficial complex (without
dismantling it) by making the suitable changes within the
envelope, while the rest of the buildings, semi-permanent
structures etc., will be demolished.

By doing the above proposed renovation we may get the

following tangible and intangible beneits: Existing Building Elevation
Towards River
• The government will get the additional space Towards Ring Rd.
for subordinate ofices, various commissions and
corporations etc. MT.

• By renovating the front envelope and demolishing the

other small structures from the premises, the ground
coverage will be reduced.
• It is proposed to landscape the area by creating plazas
and plantation of suitable species of trees by which the
Key Plan greenery and aesthetics of the area will be enhanced. Existing Edge Condition
MT. 186

Existing Building
Envelope

IP Power Plant Connectivity

Creating
connection MT.
to the River

MT.

Site Entry
And Connections

Ofice
Atrium

Public
Atrium
There is an
opportunity to
revitalize a part
of the site by
redeining the Pedestrian Connections
function through To The Park
form of the built
mass.

Evolution of the Building (Image Source: NILA Architecture Firm) Approximate Floor Area = 20000 sq m

92 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 93

Section 3

Section 3
Adaptive Reuse: IP Power Plant

Before After

Existing Space Proposed Space

(Source: NILA Architecture Firm)

Revised Urban Typology (Ofice overlapped with Cultural and Landscape Interface)

Towards Towards
Ring Road River

(Source: NILA Architecture Firm)

94 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 95

WORK ZONE + ATRIUM + CULTURAL ZONE + GREEN CONNECTIONS
Section 3

Section 3
Design Conclusion
Rivers provide critically important
ecosystem services to society, and
play an essential role in maintaining
the structure, function, and integrity
of landscapes in which the rivers
reside.
Better understanding of the
patterns and processes in river
systems requires a broader landscape
approach that goes beyond the
traditional linear and longitudinal
focus.
Such a landscape approach is
especially important for effectively
restoring and managing damaged
and/or degraded rivers.

Restore the original ecological

integrity of the area.

Elemental reverence for water

as a basis for life, and the deep
cultural and experiential bonds
that water evokes. The site will
blend recreational space and
industrial incubator spaces, marrying
environmental sustainability and
economic redevelopment, with
ecologically restorative water
management and loodplain
restoration as the main concern.
This place will be ‘the’ place for all
families to spend their weekends or
evenings.

Create Identity: Educate the City Yamuna River at present is the city’s backyard.
Using cultural landscape as an opportunity to increase public awareness about
the natural and cultural history of the river, thereby creating identity for the It is an asset to enjoy not avoid.
region.

96 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 97

 Annexure

Annexure
Terms and Deinitions
Terms & Deinitions A loodplain is an area near a river or a stream which loods when the water The term ‘sense of place’ captures the identity of places we recognize. It Sense of Place
Floodplain level reaches lood stage. embraces natural and cultural features, the distinctive sights, sounds and
Floodplains can support particularly rich ecosystems, both in quantity and experiences rooted to that place, its atmosphere and people. Places with a
diversity. strong ‘sense of place’ have a clear identity and character that is recognizable
by inhabitants and visitors alike.
Floodplains in Delhi
Floodplain is a narrow strip braided by bunds extending to 94.84 sq km
(including river channel 19.31 sq km). A boardwalk (board walk, boarded path, promenade) is a constructed Boardwalk
Forests and agriculture are the dominant land uses covering more than 90% pedestrian walkway designed as walking paths and trails over bogs and
of the areas wetlands and above fragile ecosystems; it is usually built with wood.
45 water bodies including lakes, pools, ponds and puddles etc., identiied play
important roles in biodiversity.
Aquatic vegetation spread all across the loodplain, particularly in Okhla is of Urban density is a term used in urban planning and urban design to refer to Urban Density
signiicant ecological importance. the number of people inhabiting a given urbanized area. As such it is to be
distinguished from other measures of population density. Urban density is
Annexure

(Source: Slideshare, Ritesh Kumar, Wetland International-South Asia)

Barrage A barrage is a type of low-head diversion dam which consists of a number
of large gates that can be opened or closed to control the amount of water
passing through the structure, and thus regulate and stabilize river water
elevations upstream for use in irrigation and other systems.
The Yamuna in Delhi has three major barrages leading to delineation of four
zones within the river stretch:
Wazirabad Barrage
ITO Barrage
Okhla Barrage
Open Space It begins by deining open space as space within the urban environment which
is readily available to the community regardless of its size, design or physical
features and which is primarily intended for amenities or physical recreation,
whether active or passive.
Landscape ‘Landscape’ is deined as a zone or area as perceived by local people or
visitors, whose visual features and character are the result of the action of
natural and/or cultural (that is, human) factors. This deinition relects the idea
that landscapes evolve through time, as a result of being acted upon by natural
forces and human beings. It also underlines that a landscape forms a whole,
whose natural and cultural components are taken together, and not separately.
Landscape The distinct and recognizable pattern of elements that occurs consistently in a
Character particular type of landscape.
Landscape The individual components which make up the landscape, including, for
Elements example, hills, valleys, rivers, woods, trees, hedges, buildings and roads. Because
they are physical and visible, they can be measured and quantiied, and they
can be described in an objective way
considered an important factor in understanding how cities function. Research
related to urban density occurs across diverse areas, including economics,
health, innovation, psychology and geography as well as sustainability.
The MPD emphasizes on rejuvenation of the Yamuna River and its Master Plan Delhi 2021
conservation as an important resource for the city of Delhi.
The Riverfront Development provides a unique opportunity for developing Zonal Development Plan
a strong city image. Keeping this in view, broad urban design guidelines have Zone ‘O’
8.8 Urban Design
been formulated.
Two levels of urban design inputs are envisaged:
i) Riverfront Development: At present the width of the river bed varies
between 1.5 kms to 3.0 kms and at most sections neither the water
course nor the opposite banks are visible. In order to integrate the river
within the larger framework of the city and to bring the river closer to the
citizens, at certain stretches, ‘aesthetic’ and ‘active’ riverfront development is
desirable. These stretches may comprise the following activities/uses with full
complement of recreational activities for all sections of citizens:
a) Bathing Ghats
b) Pedestrian Boulevards
c) Landscaped Venues
ii) Wherever feasible, for short stretches of 2.3 kms, light motorways may
be developed, suitably grade separated from the pedestrian corridors to
provide exclusively for pleasure drives. Strong emphasis needs to given to
selection and design of appropriate hard and soft landscapes, signage system
and outdoor furniture. Outdoor publicity in the form of large hoardings
should be totally discouraged. Restricted three-dimensional development
is envisaged in the central areas which have good locational potential and
are either comparatively free from inundation or can be made free from
inundation expeditiously and/or at low cost.

98 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 99

 Annexure

Annexure
List of Memorials at Rajghat Area
The complete list of Rajghat and associated memorials is as follows (mentioned in the chronological order of death):

Name Title Memorial name Meaning Area Feature

Mahatma Gandhi Father of the Nation Rajghat Royal Steps 44.35 Acres Black marble platform

Jawaharlal Nehru Prime Minister of India Shanti Van Garden of Peace 52.6 Acres A large plinth covered by a lawn
Lal Bahadur Shastri Prime Minister of India Vijay Ghat Victory Platform 40 Acres The victory alluded to in the name of the memorial is India’s
performance under his leadership in the Indo-Pakistani War
of 1965.

Sanjay Gandhi Member of Parliament - - - Located adjacent to Shanti Van

Indira Gandhi Prime Minister of India Shakti Sthal Place of Power 45 Acres A huge greyish-red monolithic stone
Jagjivan Ram Deputy Prime Minister of India Samta Sthal Place of Equality 12.5 Acres -
Choudhary Charan Singh Prime Minister of India Kisan Ghat Farmer’s Platform 19 Acres -
Rajiv Gandhi Prime Minister of India Veer Bhumi Land of Brave 15 Acres A large lotus in full bloom carved out of stone, surrounded by
46 small lotuses to signify the years he lived; rocks from all the
states of India are spread around.
Giani Zail Singh President of India Ekta Sthal Place of Unity 22.56 Acres -
Shankar Dayal Sharma President of India Karma Bhumi Land of Duty - Located near Vijay Ghat
Chandra Shekhar Prime Minister of India Smiriti Sthal Place of Remembrance - -
IK Gujral Prime Minister of India Smiriti Sthal Place of Remembrance - -
Devi Lal Deputy Prime Minister of India Sangharsh Sthal Place of Struggle - Located near Kisan Ghat
(Source: Wikipedia)

Rajghat Inscription At Rajghat Shakti Sthal Veer Bhumi Memorial of Sanjay Gandhi

100 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 101

 Annexure

Annexure
Newspaper Articles on River Yamuna
Numerous studies have been done and articles written
on the state of River Yamuna’s quality of water and how
it in turn affects the quality of urban life in the capital
city.

According to an expert committee appointed by the SC,

the total installed sewage treatment capacity in Delhi is
2,460 million litres per day (MLD) as against the sewage
generation of about 3,800 MLD.
According to the committee’s report, 1,360 million
litres of sewage water low into the river each day mainly
from Najafgarh drain. Much of the 850 million gallons
of water that Delhi needs every day comes from the
Yamuna River. In return, the city cleans up about 544.72
million gallons of the wastewater it generates and allows
the rest to low into the river untreated. A Central
Pollution Control Board report pointed out that 45% of
the homes in Delhi are not even connected to a sewage
network, making the national capital one of the biggest
contributors to the river’s pollution.
(source: livemint.com and indiatoday.com)

(source: http://www.dailymail.co.uk)

(http://www.livemint.com/Politics/vEzME2yPlKhH1lJQz63EN/Clean-Yamuna-a-mission-impossible.html)
The multi-crore Yamuna Action Plan – the core project aimed at cleaning the 22 km stretch of the river along the
capital – has not yet shown any sign of improving the quality of the river, even years after its conception.
The Yamuna Action Plan at Delhi Phase I had a sanctioned project cost of Rs 152.21 crore. The Phase II of the
programme was formulated from January 2007 onwards. The total cost sanctioned was Rs 387.17 crore.
It was multilayered project under which facilities were to be created to ensure polluted water is kept away from the river.
(source: dailymail.co.uk, By Mail Today Bureau in New Delhi)

(http://timesoindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Hope-loats-as-work-on-Yamuna-
picks-up/articleshow/19210909.cms)

(http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/yamuna-river-vegetables-fecal-
coliform-bacteria-sewage-intestinal-problems/1/250623.html)
The Yamuna might soon get a new lease of life with
Delhi Development Authority’s ambitious riverfront
DO - Dissolve oxygen in water development project being put on fast track. The project
BOD - Biochemical oxygen demand will include creation of recreational spaces, revival of the
FC - Indicates that the water is contaminated with human river’s lora and fauna and development of green spaces.
or animal waste
(March 27, 2013; Times of India; Richi Verma)
TC - Total Coliform (http://www.livemint.com/Politics/RfuDIpUF3JBDEnf75m3GoK/Yamunas-sewage-burden.html)

102 CITY LEVEL PROJECT YAMUNA RIVERFRONT DEVELOPMENT 103

 Annexure
Newspaper Articles on Yamuna
DDA Public Notice

(An ISO 9001 : 2008 Certiied Organisation)

Delhi Urban Art Commission

The Delhi Urban Art Commission was set up by an Act of Parliament in 1973

to “advise the Government of India in the matter of preserving, developing

and maintaining the aesthetic quality of urban and environmental design within

Delhi and to provide advice and guidance to any local body in respect of any
project of building operations or engineering operations or any development

proposal which affects or is like to affect the skyline or the aesthetic quality of

the surroundings or any public amenity provided therein”.

There has been a tremendous amount of work done for River Yamuna and several websites are dedicated to the
present plight of the river.
Here is a list of few such sites:

http://www.saveyamuna.org/
http://yamunakatha.blogspot.com/
http://dda.org.in/greens/biodiv/yamuna-biodiversity-park.html
http://www.azadindia.org/save-yamuna-campaign.html
http://www.moef.nic.in/sites/default/iles/NRCD/index.html
http://www.artoliving.org/meri-dilli-meri-yamuna
http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/crisis/River-yamuna.htm
http://www.brajfoundation.org/yamuna_revitalisation.html
http://www.yamunawaterkeeper.org/subject-tags/yamuna-action-plan
http://fore.research.yale.edu/iles/Sharma_and_Kansal-Yamuna_Action_Plan.pdf
http://www.rowfoundation.org/row/gysummary.html
http://moef.gov.in/report/0102/chap06.html#rd_nrcpgapry

104 CITY LEVEL PROJECT

 (An ISO 9001 : 2008 Certiied Organisation)

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Delhi Urban Art Commission
Tel: 24619593, 24618607, 24690821, 24636191, Fax: 24648970
Email: duac74@gmail.com Website: www.duac.org