’ QUALITY, AUTOMATION AND ROBOTICS Proceedings of Q&A-R 2000 International Conference TOME | ( | QUALITY, TESTABILITY, EDUCATION | TECHNICAL APPLICATIONS Mr UdG ee APA - RSD INSTITUTE FOR UMVERSITY OF TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY Pie ALUN ie GIRONA, SPAIN C1) BBE COU SLC INSTITUTE OF AAEM an CCU NN SMS eee RUAN CTD COMPUTER SCIENCE, PNR HUARD SM DAUR ULC IOULCINi126 127 128 129 12.10 mA 2.12 _Improving Power Quality in DC Electic Drives, Q&A-R 2000 THETA 12 International Conference on Quality Control, Automation and Robotics LN: MODRAN, -“L.Blaga” Univ. of Sibiu ‘ Maria IMBCS - Technical Univ. of Chg . VERDELHO, G.D. MARQUES - Technical University of Lisbos, Portugal ent Rodica FESTILA, Eva SZAKACS Railway Company-School . ~ Technical University of Cluj ‘An Electronic High Voltage and Frequency Supply Used for Corona Discharging Field ‘Sefan BILUCA, Sorin BUDU, Ilie SUARASAN Technical Univ. of Cloj Lasser Diode Control in Biotherapie Devices - Florin COVACTU - SC IPA SA CIFATT Chg ‘Mircea POPOVICI - SC MISONIX SRL Echipament de determinare directa a componentelor simetrice ale unul sistem ‘rifazat nesimetric Dorien SAMFIROIU - IPA SADTC Bucuresti Determinarea directa a componentelor simetrice ale unui sistem trifazat nesimetric Dorian SAMFIROIU - JPA SADTC Bucurest! Configurable Systems and Possible Applications Sergiu NEDEVSCHI, Maria IMECS - Technical University of ig Geter BIKFALVI, lossef VASARHELYI- University of Miskole 329 335 343 349 353 359 367AN ELECTRONIC HIGH VOLTAGE AND FREQUENCY SUPPLY USED FOR CORONA DISCHARGING FIELD Biluca Stefan, Budu Sorin, Suaragan Tlie Technical University of Cluj ~ Napoca, Electrotechnics Department, 15 C. Daicoviciu str.3400 Cluj ~ Napoca, Romania, Tel. 0040-064-194834, Fax: 0040-064-192055, E-mail: Wie Suarasan @et.uteluj.co Abstract. The high voltage power supplies used to the laboratory studies of electrotechnologies presents distinguished particularities depending by the sort of the high electric intense field. A type of versatile power supply which can cover large area of applicability on these domains it could be extremely complicate and expensive. Based on the study and the scientifye analyse upon the corona discharging processes, on the oscillograms of voltages / currents and on the volt — ampermetric characteristics, it have been proposed a new high voltage power supply with multiple facilities, able to support the electrical discharges present as streamers, Trichell impulses, spark or flame, working on the principle of push ~ pull resonance converter. Key words: spark or flame corona discharge. adjustable high voltage and frequency supply. 1. Introduction. The electrotechnologies which are using the corona discharging field necessitates adequate high voltage supplies able to establish the followed purposes, looking from the point of view of the frequency, the level of the high voltage or the shape of the voltage wave and also from the dissipated power of the supply. So. the electroseparation process of the granular materials. the electrostatic powdering and filtering are currently using d.c. hizh voltage supplies (1, 2. 3. 4]. The generating of ozone in high concentrations presume the use of adjustable high voltage and higher frequency supplies (5. 6]. The laboratory supplies. which are able to satisfy a large range of requests. are extremely complex and expensive. This devices, working at industrial frequency (SO or 60 Hz) has great constructive dimensions. A large specter of applicability in the domain of electrotechnologies necessitates a large variety of feeding supplies. looking from the point ot view of the useful power. starting from tens of watts and finishing with tens or hundreds of kilowatt, at the industrial supplies. The performances which must be provided by the high voltage supplies used to the feeding of the corona discharging devices and which are currently used for the design of them. can be analytical. or from the study of the volt-ampermetric characteristics determined. Chip Mepoce, Romania 2070.19. 20 May2, The working equipment. In order to determine the volt-ampermetric characteristics and the establishment of the voltages and current shapes it has been realized a device having the electrical scheme presented in figure 1. Figurel. The oscillografiation electrical scheme of the corona discharges: PI.P2 - multimeters: P3 — two spots oscilloscope; RI- aditional resistor; R2.R3 — electrical shunts; FI,F2,F4,F5 ~ gas eclators; F3,F6 ~ mechanical eclators. The tested corona devices are provided with punctiform discharging elements, of wireform, or through a dielectric barrier — situation which is typical for the classic ozonizers. In order to determine the volt-ampermetric characteristics and to plot the oscillograms of voltage and current, a classic supply, working at industrial frequency and providing the possibility to furnish a.c. or d.c. voltage of different polarities it had been used (5). 3. Results. From the large area of the plotted volt-ampermetric characteristics. significant are the one depicted in the figures and 3, the experimental conditions being presented in table | Imma} 2 win barrier Figure 2. The _volt-ampermetric 151) —g-No barrier characteristics of the punctiform ‘y corona discharging device. os Experimental conditions: discharging ° gap width s = 20 mm, os 115.2 4 6 8 1012 1416 18 20.23 ane Figure 3. The dependence of the STs oeteaoe oon nae voltampermetric characteristic of the s " width of the discharging gap to the Seria A a ee Siemens ozonizer with ‘ glass dielectric barrier +4 Experimental conditions: the length > an of the active corona discharging area 225 mm, the width of the 1 harrier 0.73 mm, the diameters of ° [| the active electrodes Oras ese 7a stort tetgys, — O1/02 =3034mmand 3052.5 mm ty= primary voltage level: 220 V, 50 Hz; = the form of the output voltage; sinusoidal or d.c., with different polarities; = frequency: step or continuously adjustable frequency. ‘The electronic high voltage supply, with the characteristics presented before, can be practically realized by using the block scheme depicted in figure 5, the most important components of this supply being: the resonance converter G3, the step-up voltage transformed T2, provided with the V1 dc. redresser, the oscillator Al, a block which is providing the adjustment of the high voltage, composed by the regulator A2, the oscillator ‘A3 and the commanded redresser G2, the net filter Zl, the feeder formed by the transformer T1, the series stabilizer G1 and also the measure of voltage and current P| mu 4, r Zz G2 Go mv~| x | 83. _] = |_| Figure 5. The block scheme [x] [3 4 of the electronic high — voltage and frequency rm commutation supply. al vo necessary for the feeding of = the laboratory ozonizers. rv Ds S2\ yy a3 |e [rn ma The possibilities of the supply to work as voltage or current generator is realized by the switch SI. the negative voltage and/or current reaction being prepared by the modules AS and Ad. The main device of the commutation supply is the resonating converter. depicted in figure 6 [7. 8. 9]. The start of the switching elements (transistors) is realized by the passing through zero of the voltage (or current), fact which help a lot the commutation process: also. this fact permit to solve somie problems, as the short circuit currents. the asymmetry of the waves. etc, The main disadvantage of this supply is that the frequency can not be modified. because it depends strictly by the value of the inductance of the output module of the supply. The step by step adjustment of the frequency presume the modifying of the oscillator frequency and to realize a correlation between the buffer capacitors C.=C1=C2 with the inductivity of the step-up transformer, in order to obtain the proper conditions for resonance. Figure 6. The resonating converter scheme To dimensionate the resonance converter with buffer capacitors (figure 6). the equivalent scheme (figure 7.a) correlated with the oscillograms of the voltage and currents (figure 7.b) were carefully analyzed.Table 1. The regime parameters used for the plotting of the volt-mpermetric characteristics. The parameter ‘The numerical value Fi The feeding voltage of the corona device ‘adjustable, in the range (0 - 25 kV) 3 ‘The width of the discharging gap $= 20mm 2 3905; 125 mm 3 ‘The number of the corona elements v 2 ‘The width of the glass dielectric barrier 2mm 2 _ 0,75 mm 3 The length of the active area 225 mm. 3 ‘The medium diameter of the gas 88P 32 mm fors= 0.5 3 32,75 mm for s= 1.25 The shapes allure of the voltage and current which accompanies the corona discharging devices. depicted in figure 4, are plotted in the specified conditions presented in table 2. Figure 4. The oscillograms of the waves form of the voltage and currents from the corona discharging device. Table 2. The experimental conditions used for the oscillografiation of the voltage and currents trom the corona discharging device. Case | Presence of The type of "The voltage, The oscillogratic voltage | Scales dielectric barrter__corona device ype a | Without barrier: With Ipoine Jac. S0Hz £0:25.5.10kV U Svidiv _ _ i 7 LO.sV div | With barrier With Tpoint | ac.50Hz 025 $10 18kV U div a 1.sV.div © | Without bares With multiple | Double(-) 0. 3. 10, 1S AV U. Vidi _____ points alternance 10.2V div ¢ | With barren With multiple | Double(-) 0. 10.29. 30KV UV div points alternance, 1o.2V'div The scienutve analyze of the oscillograms and of the volt - ampermetnic characteristics permit us to determine the necessarily designing data of a new high voltaxe supply needed to be used at the corona electrotechnologies. These are = adjustable high voltage output, in the range | to 20 KV = absorbed electric power: 100 W. = protections to spark and flame electric discharyes, us| | | tric aye 7 Figure 7, The equivalent electric : scheme of the resonance converter (a) aan and the oscillograms of the voltage i and currents (b). The resonance converter contain the buffer capacitors Cl and C2, the diodes V1. V2; the switches SI and $2 are replacing the transistors V3 and V4, L represents the inductance of the load. When the switch SI is closed (the V3 transistor) starts the discharging of the capacitor C1 through the inductance L of the T3 transformer (while C1 is discharging, C2 is charged and the sum of the voltage from Cl and C2 is equal with the feeding voltage Ux). Att = T/4 (T is the period of the oscillations, 7 = 2/ZC, ). the voltage on C1 is zero and the current I) reach to the maximum level. After t= T/4, I), equal with the evacuation current, is evacuated through the evacuation diode V1, so that the re ~ encharging of the C1 is not possible anymore. The current value through the inductance L- a) At the end of the loading process of the buffer capacitor U the amplitude of the loading current is obtained as follows: ¢ ie 2) with the continous component: j, = 27, - GB) ‘The medium voltage on the equivalent capacitor Uz is half of the feeding voltage and the absorbed power is: P. w 3a, The value of the inductance L. presented in figure 7.a is imposed by the constructive parameters of the transformer T3. Using an additional inductivity placed in the primary or secondary circuits of the high voltage transformer can do the modifying this value, in order to obtain the resonance conditions, Conclusior The shape of the voltage and the current from the corona discharging devices. after the ionization of the gas gap depends by the number of the discharging elements. by the level. form and polarity of the high voltage and also by the presence of the dielectric 3a7barrier. For ac. or d.c. voltage, the oscillograms of the voltage and currents of the corona discharging process put in evidence the following aspects: ~ the electrical character of the load is mainly a capacitive one (the phase difference of the current in front of the voltage is very close to n/2); ~ the dielectric barrier strongly limits the corona discharging current; ~ the appearance and the increasing of the corona discharges as streamers (on the positive alternance) is much more intense when the dielectric barrier is missing (even if the applied voltage on the discharging cells is much lower than in the case of corona discharging cells through the dielectric barrier) ; the number of streamers is increasing once with the increase of number of corona discharging elements: ~ the frequency of the spark or electric flame discharges is higher at negative polarity or on the negative alternance of the voltage; at identical values of the alternances. the number of streamers corresponding to the positive polarity, or from the positive alternance of the sinusoidal voltage is higher than the Trichell impulses determined by the negative polarity or the negative alternance. The designed and proposed to be realized high voltage supply. can offer a good behavior to spark or flame corona discharges, because she is “capable” to provide just the accumulated electrical energy on the buffer capacitors of the resonance converter. Any overloading or short — circuits will produce the automatically blocking of the supply. ‘The working structure of the supply. as an ideal voltage or current generator, make that this supply to be an extremely useful equipment for the charging with constant electric charge of some particles and for other connected phenomenon which are appearing in this domain of the electrotechnologies. A disadvantage is the fact that the adjustment of the frequency is not possible to be done continuously. instead of the step by step adjustment. References. [I]. Haga. K. (1995). Applications of the Electrostatic Separation Technique. In: JS. Chang. A.J. Kelly, JM.. Crowly (Eds). Handbook of Electrostatic Processes, New York. Dekker. pp. 365-386. [2]. Inculet. I. (1984), Electrostatic Mineral Separation. New York. John Wiley & Sons, Inc (3]. Taylor. D.M.. Secker. P-E. (1994). Industrial Electrostaties Fundamentals and Measurements. New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc {4]. Morar. R.. [uga, A., Neamtu, V., Dascalescu, L. D.. Suarasan, [.. Stupar. S (1989). Sursa de inalta tensiune 40 kV. 5 mA. tip SIT 40/5. Carte Tehnica. {5}. Suarasan I. (2000). Contributii fa studiul unor generatoare de ozon cu camp electric intens, pentru conservarea lichidelor alimentare. Tezu de doctorat, Universitatea Tehnica din Cluj ~ Napoca. {6]. Popescu, $.. Vaju. D. (1995). High Voltage for Generators with Improved Functional Parameters. 9” International Symposium on High Voltage Engeneering. Graz. Austria. pp. 7895-1. .... 7895-4 (7]. Cnis. V.A. (1972), Poluprovodnicoviie preobrazovateli v sisatemah zariada nasopitelnih condensatorov. P., Energoutomizdat. 512 p. [8]. Curcic. B.Z., a.0. (1990). Preobrazovateli dlia zariada emchostnih nasopitelei hii. Pribori i tehnicu experimenta, N4, pp.121-124. (9]. Morar. R.. Suarasan, [., Budu S., Bologa. M.. Bologa, A.. Usenco. V.. Rabaleo. A. (1996-2000). Cercetari de tehnologie si aparataj pentru ozonare, utilizand descarcari electrice in straturi de satir. Contract de cercetare stiintifica nr 950/196-1999 ener 348.Cluj-Napoca, sti¢Repub email: ipaclui@