Daennielle T.

Perez 3B1
MAMMALIAN MUSCULATURE
(RABBIT)

Name of the muscle Description Origin (O) Insertion (I) Action (A)

I. DERMAL INTEGUMENTARY MUSCLE

 It covers the entire lateral

surface of the thorax and
1. Cutaneous maximus abdomen Outer surface of Latissimus dorsi Skin Serves to shake the skin
 Chiefly an outgrowth of
the pectoral muscles
 Chief dermal muscle
 Found on the under derived from the muscles of the To move the lips, cheeks,
2. Platysma Skin of the ears, eyelids, lips, etc.
surface of the skin of the hyoid arch by extension eyelids, ears, etc.
neck and the head

II. ABDOMINAL WALL

 Large muscle constituting

1. External Oblique the outermost layer of the
abdominal wall
 Short muscle lying
beneath the more dorsal
2. Internal Oblique
portion of the external
oblique
 Its fibers are directed
3. Transversus abdominis ventrally and slightly
posteriorly
 Long slender muscle on
each side of the linea
4. Rectus abdominis
alba, extending from the
pubic symphysis to the
Lumbodorsal fascia and by
posterior ribs
Second sheet of the
lumbordorsal fascia, posterior
ribs and inguinal ligament
Second sheet of the
lumbordorsal fascia, posterior
ribs and inguinal ligament
Anterior end of the pubic
symphysis
Extensive neurosis which passes
Constrictor of the abdomen
from the linea alba
Linea alba by the extensive
Compressor of the abdomen
aponeurosis
Linea alba by the extensive
Compressor of the abdomen
aponeurosis
Retracts ribs and sternum and
Sternum and coastal cartilages
compresses abdomen
Daennielle T. Perez 3B1
anterior part of the thorax

III. EPAXIAL MUSCLES

 Great thick mass of

muscle enclosed in a
tough shining fascia
 Lies directly above the Ribs, transverse processes of the
Longissimus Ilium, scarum, and vertebrae
iliocostalis vertebrae and adjacent fasciae
 Ilium and fascia of the
Iliocostalis ribs
longissimus
Internal intercostal  Between the costal Margins of the vertebral and Margins of the vertebral and Lower the ribs
cartilages the internal sternal ribs sternal ribs
costals are not covered
but the external
intercostals
Transverse spinalis  Compromise the spinalis Tendons on the vertebral spines On more interior vertebrae and
nearest the vertebrae and and neural arches the skill
the more lateral or deeper
semispinalis

IV. MUSCLES OF THE CHEST

 Covers most of the

surface of the chest but
the insertion is concealed
1. Pectoralis Major Whole Sternum Humerus Draws the arm towards the chest
by a muscle coming down
from the head
(clavodeltoid)
 Slender muscle at the
anterior end of the
2. Pectoralis primus Manubrium of the sternum Humerus Draws the arm towards the chest
preceding and covering its
anterior fibers
Draws arm and shoulder towards
3. Pectoralis minor  Similar muscle to Manubrium Clavicle and spine of the scapula
the chest
Daennielle T. Perez 3B1
pectoralis major

V. MUSCLES OF THE NECK AND THE THROAT

1. Special portion of the platysma 

 Long muscle in the
median line of the neck,
Draws the hyoid posteriorly or
2. Sternohyoid the two member s o f the Manubrium of the sternum Anterior horn of the hyoid
raises the sternum
pair being closely fused in
the median
 Long muscle on each side
of the preceding, the two
members of the pair
converging toward the Ventral to the origin of the Singly turn the head and depress
3. Sternomastoid Mastoid process of the skull
manubrium of the sternum preceding the head on the neck
from which they originate
ventral to the origin of the
preceding
 Dorsal to the Elevates clavicle or turns the
4. Cleidomastoid Mastoid region of the skull Clavicle
sternomastoid head
 Slightly lateral to the
preceding at its cranial Elevates clavicle or turns the
5. Basioclavicularis Occipital bone Clavicle
end but crosses ventral to head
it caudally
 Continuation of the two
6.Clavodeltoid Clavicle Humerus Raises the humerus
preceding muscles
 Great mass of muscle Outer surface of the posterior
7. Masseter Zygomatic arch Closes the lower jaw
covering the angle of jaw end of the mandible
 The muscle along the
ventral surface of each
Opens the jaw (depressor of the
8. Digastric half of the jaw bone, Occipital bone Ventral surface of the mandible
jaw)
terminating in a slender
tendon
 Thin sheet of muscle
Median ventral line (raphe) and Raises the floor of the mouth and
9. Mylohyoid crossing transversely Mandible
the hyoid brings the hyoid forward
between and dorsal to the
Daennielle T. Perez 3B1
two digastric
 Can be found on each
10. Sternothyroid side of the trachea, dorsal Sternum Thyroid cartilage Pulls the larynx posteriorly
to the sternothyroid
 Thin muscle at each side
11. Thyrohyoid Thyroid cartilage Hyoid Raises the larynx
of the larynx

VI. MUSCLES OF THE UPPER BACK AND SHOULDER AND BACK OF THE NECK

 Large, flat muscle

extending obliquely from
1. Latissimus dorsi
the middle of the back to
the forelimb
 These two muscles are
flat, thin muscles covering
2. Anterior and Posterior
the upper and back of the
Trapezius
neck anterior to the
latissimus dorsi
 Long, slender muscle runs
3. Levator scapulae ventralis or
along the ventral border of
major
the anterior trspezius
 Large thick muscle
extending from
4. Rhomboideus thevertebral border of the
scapula to the middorsal
line of the rhomboideus.
 Fairly broad but thin
muscle on the back of the
5. Splenius anterior part of the neck
under the anterior
trapezius
6. Supraspinatus  Supraspinous fossa
7. Deltoids  There are three deltoids in
Lumbodorsal fascia and posterior
ribs
Anterior T. : External occipital
protuburance of the skull and
ligament in the middorsal line
Posterior T. : Lumbodorsal fascia
and the neural spines of the
thoracic vertebrae
Ventral surface of the skull at the
suture between occipital and
basisphenoid
Middorsal ligament of the neck
and succeeding neural spines
Middorsal line of neck and
adjacent fascia
Acromion process
On the crest on the medial side Draws the arm caudad and
of the humerus dorsad
Anterior T. : metacromion
Anterior T. : Draws the scapula
process and nearby muscles of
and limb upward and forward
the fascia
Posterior T. : Draws the scapula
Posterior T. : Spine of the
dorsally
scapula
Metacromion process in common
Pulls the scapula anteriorly
with the anterior trapezius
Draws scapula toward vertebral
Vertebral border of the scapula
column
Occipital region of the skull and Singly turns the head, together
atlas raise the head
Greater tuberosity of the
Extends the humerus
humerus
Humerus Raises the humerus
Daennielle T. Perez 3B1
the rabbit
 1st : Clavodeltoid
 2nd : small triangular
muscle lateral to the
clavodeltoid
 3rd : lateral to the second
and is longer muscle
Greater tuberosity of the
8. Infraspinatus  Infraspinous fossa Extends the humerus
humerus
 Stout muscle along the
axillary border of the Dorsal half of the axillary border Humerus in common with the Draws humerus against body
9. Teres major
scapula behind the of the scapula latissimus dorsi and rotates it.
preceding
Ventral half of the axillary border Greater tuberosity of the Draws humerus against body
10. Teres minor  Small stout muscle
of the scapula humerus and rotates it.
 Slender bandlike muscle
lies in cntact with the inner
surface of the
11. Rhomboideus capitis (levator Side of the skull above the Posterior end of the vertebral Draws scapula craniad and
rhomboideus and passes
scapulae manor) tympanic bulla border on the medial side rotates it
along the external surface
of the splenius to be
connected with the skull
 Large muscle, completely
Pulls the humerus toward the
12. Subscapularis covers the medial or inner Medial surface of the scapula Lesser tuberosity of the humerus
median ventral line
surface of the scapula
 Fan-shaped muscle Anterior: transverse process of
extending anteriorly and the cervical vertebrae
Vertebral border of the scapula Draws the scapula forward,
13. Serratus ventralis posteriorly from the
above the subscapularis backward or against the body
scapula to the walls of the Posterior: seven slips from the
thorax ribs
 Several long, flat muscles
extending from the
14. Scalenes transverse processes of Raise the ribs and bend the neck
the cervical vertebrae to
the ribs
Tendon from the middorsal line
15. Serratus dorsalis  Raises the ribs craniad
of the neck
Daennielle T. Perez 3B1
 Chief muscles concerned
16. Intercoastals in the respiratory
movement of the thorax
 Running along the dorsal
17. Epaxial muscles of the thorax
part of the thorax
VII. MUSCLES OF THE UPPER ARM
 Great extensor mass on
1. Triceps brachii
the back of the upper arm
2. Epitrochearis or extensor
 Olecranon
antibrachii
3. Biceps brachii  Spindle-shaped muscle
 Lateral to the biceps and
4. Branchialis in contact with the
humerus
VIII. MUSCLES OF THE THIGH AND SHANK
1. Tensor fasciae latae  Short muscle
 Posterior to the fascia
occupying the middle
2. Biceps femoris
portion of the lateral
surface of the thigh
 A thin muscle whose
posterior part is partly
3. Gluteus maximus
covered by the biceps
femoris
4. Gluteus medius  Greater trochanter
External intercoastals: posterior
margins of the ventral rib
Internal intercoastals: margins of
the vertebral and sternal ribs
Long head: scapula
Lateral head: greater tuberosity
of the humerus
Medial head: humerus*
Lower part of the fascia in the
middle sirface of the long head
Glenoid fossa
Ventral and lateral surface of the
humerus
Illium
Smaller anterior head: Neural
spines of the adjacent vertebrae
Larger posterior head: ischial
tuberosity
Fascia of the sacrum and the
part of the ilium
Crest and anterior part of the
ilium
External intercoastals: anterior
External intercoastals: pull the
margins of the succeeding
ribs forward
vertebral ribs
Internal intercoastals: lower the
Internal intercoastals: margins of
ribs
the vertebral and sternal ribs
Long head, lateral head & medial
Extends the forearm
head: olecranon
In common with the triceps
Ulna and radius Flexor of the forearm
Ulna and radius Flexor of the forearm
In the fascia Tightens the fascia
By a tendon on the knee cap and Abductor of the thight and flexor
on the fascia of the shank of the shank
Third trochanter, the small
projection below the great Abducts the thigh
trochanter
Abducts the thigh
Daennielle T. Perez 3B1
Greater trochanter dorsal to the Tibia and patella and the tendon
5. Vastus lateralis  Stout muscle Powerful extensor of the shank
insertion of the gluteus medius which extends over the patella
 Posterior to the preceding Greater trochanter and surface of Tibia and patella and the tendon
6. Vastus intermedius Powerful extensor of the shank
muscle the femur which extends over the patella
 Thin muscle which is
folded over the anterior
margin of the thigh Tibia and patella and the tendon
7. Rectus femoris Ilium and the fascia lata Powerful extensor of the shank
 Extends on both lateral which extends over the patella
and medial surfaces of the
thigh
 Medial side of the thigh
Tibia and patella and the tendon
8. Vastus medialis posterior to the first part of Femur Powerful extensor of the shank
which extends over the patella
the rectus femoris.
 Long very narrow muscle
extending like a band Adductor of the thigh
9. Sartorius Inguinal ligament Tibia
along the middle of the Extensor of the shank
medial surface of the thigh
 Large thin muscle over the Fascia of the distal portion of the
10. Gracilis posterior half of the medial Pubic symphysis thigh and proximal portion of the Adductor of the leg
surface of the thigh shank
11. Adductor longus (Anterior)  Stout muscle
 Fibers running from the Various parts of the ischium Femur Adductors of the thigh
12. Adductor magnus (Posterior) median ventral line to the
femur
13. Semitendinosus  Cylindrical muscle Ischial tuberosity Medial condyle of the tibia Flexor of the shank
 Forms the posterior
margin of the thigh,
Fascia over the biceps and
14. Semimembranosus between the biceps Gracilis in the fascia of the shank Flexor of the shank
ischial tuberosity
femoris and the adductor
magnus
 Most Anterior of the Lateral condyle and tuberosity of
15. Tibialis anterior Second metatarsal Flexor of the foot
muscles of the lateral the tibia
 Next dorsal to the
preceding on the lateral
16. Peroneus Tibia and fibula Metatarsal Flexor of the foot
surface, consisting of a
group of several more or
Daennielle T. Perez 3B1
less fused muscles
 Thin but broad muscle
Lateral and medial condyles of
17. Gastrocnemius forming the caudal surface Tendon of Achilles Extensor of the foot
the femur and tibia
of the shank
 Muscle just internal to the
18. Soleus Head of the fibula Tendon of Achilles Extensor of the foot
part of the gastrocnemius
 Situated internal to that
19. Plantaris part of the gastrocnemius Lateral condyle of the femur Tendon of Achilles Extensor of the foot
which is medial
 Extensor hallucis longus
20. Other muscles of the shank
 Extensor digitorum longus
(Optional)
 Flexor difitorum longus