System Analysis PDF

ê. Ð.
êÆØàÜÚ²Ü
². ¶. ²ìºîÆêÚ²Ü
êàô´¶ð²¸ÆºÜî²ÚÆÜ
Øà¸ºÈÜºð
1.5
x2 L=-1
L=0.25
L=0.5
L=2 L=0
(-1.5;0.8) 1 (1.5;0.8)
L=1 L=0.75
0.5 c1=0
L=0.25
x1
0
-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 L=0.75
1 1.5
-0.5
L=0 L=1 L=2
c2=0
L=-1
-1
(1.5;-1.2) (1.5;-1.2)
-1.5
ºðºì²Ü 2005
-0-
Ð²Ú²êî²ÜÆ Ð²Üð²äºîàôÂÚ²Ü ÎðÂàôÂÚ²Ü ºì ¶ÆîàôÂÚ²Ü
Ü²Ê²ð²ðàôÂÚàôÜ
Ð²Ú²êî²ÜÆ äºî²Î²Ü Ö²ðî²ð²¶Æî²Î²Ü Ð²Ø²Èê²ð²Ü
ê. Ð. êÆØàÜÚ²Ü
². ¶. ²ìºîÆêÚ²Ü
êàô´¶ð²¸ÆºÜî²ÚÆÜ
Øà¸ºÈÜºð
Ø»Ý³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ
ºðºì²Ü 2005
Ð»ÕÇÝ³Ï³ÛÇÝ Ññ³ï³ñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ
-1-
Ðî¸ 681.51
¶Ø¸ 321.816
ê 504 Ø»Ý³·ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ »ñ³ßË³íáñí»É ¿ ïå³·ñáõÃÛ³Ý
Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ ä»ï³Ï³Ý Ö³ñï³ñ³·Çï³Ï³Ý
Ð³Ù³Éë³ñ³ÝÇ 30.12.2004Ã. ·Çï³Ï³Ý ËáñÑñ¹Ç
áñáßÙ³Ùµ
¶ñ³ËáëÝ»ñ`
ý.-Ù.·.¹., åñáý. Ð. Ø. Ð³Ûñ³å»ïÛ³Ý ÐäÖÐ Ø³Ã»Ù³ïÇÏ³Ï³Ý ¹»å³ñ-
ï³Ù»ÝïÇ §Ø³ëÝ³·Çï³Ï³Ý Ù³Ã»Ù³ïÇÏ³Ï³Ý
ÏñÃáõÃÛáõÝ¦ ³ÙµÇáÝÇ í³ñÇã
ï.·.¹., åñáý. ². Ð. ²é³ù»ÉÛ³Ý ºñäÐ îÝï»ë³·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý ý³-
ÏáõÉï»ïÇ §îÝï»ë³·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç Ù³Ã»Ù³ïÇÏ³Ï³Ý
Ùá¹»É³íáñáõÙ¦ ³ÙµÇáÝÇ í³ñÇã
ê 504 êÇÙáÝÛ³Ý ê. Ð., ²í»ïÇëÛ³Ý ². ¶.

êáõµ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñ: Ø»Ý³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ /Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ
å»ï³Ï³Ý ×³ñï³ñ³·Çï³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³Éë³ñ³Ý: ºñ¨³Ý
Ð»ÕÇÝ³Ï³ÛÇÝ Ññ³ï³ñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ 2005. – 208 ¿ç:
Ø»Ý³·ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÝíÇñí³Í ¿ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·³ÛÇÝ í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛ³Ý ½³Ý³½³Ý

ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ëáõµ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÇ Ùß³ÏÙ³ÝÁ, áñáÝù ÃáõÛÉ »Ý
ï³ÉÇë ³Û¹ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÝ ëï³Ý³É Ñ³Ù»Ù³ï³µ³ñ å³ñ½
Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ëË»Ù³Ý»ñÇ û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ùµ: ²ßË³ï³ÝùÁ ÉÇ ¿ ûñÇÝ³ÏÝ»ñáí ¨
Ýñ³Ýó ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñáí` ÇÝãå»ë ³é³ç³ñÏí³Í Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÇ, ³ÛÝå»ë ¿É Ñ³ÛïÝÇ ³ÛÉ
»Õ³Ý³ÏÝ»ñÇ û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ùµ:
Ü³Ë³ï»ëí³Í ¿ ·Çï³Ï³Ý ³ßË³ïáÕÝ»ñÇ ¨ ×³ñï³ñ³·»ïÝ»ñÇ
Ñ³Ù³ñ, áñáÝù ½µ³ÕíáõÙ »Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·³ÛÇÝ í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛ³Ý ½³Ý³½³Ý
ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³ÏÇó Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÇ ¨ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ Ùß³ÏÙ³Ùµ: ²ÛÝ
Ï³ñáÕ ¿ û·ï³Ï³ñ ÉÇÝ»É Ý³¨ ï³ñµ»ñ Ù³ëÝ³·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí ëáíáñáÕ
Ù³·Çëïñ³ÝïÝ»ñÇÝ ¨ ³ëåÇñ³ÝïÝ»ñÇÝ:
¶Ø¸ 321.816
ISBN 99930-4-463-6 ¡ êÇÙáÝÛ³Ý ê. Ð.,

¡ ²í»ïÇëÛ³Ý ². ¶.
¡ ÐäÖÐ 2005
-2-
´àì²Ü¸²ÎàôÂÚàôÜ
Ü²Ê²´²Ü ................................................................................ 5
¶ÉáõË 1: ÀÜ¸Ð²Üàôð Ð²ðòºð .............................................. 8

1.1. Ð³Ù³Ï³ñ·³ÛÇÝ í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛ³Ý ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ ................. 8
1.2. ØÇ ß³ñù Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ ¨ ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï
·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É í³Ûñ¿çùáí Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÁ .............. 11
1.3. Ð³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÝ»ñÇ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåÙ³Ý ÙÇ ß³ñù
Ñ³Ý·³Ù³ÝùÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ 26
.........................................................................
1.3.1. öá÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëßï³µ³íáñáõÙÁ §Óáñ³Ï³ÛÇÝ¦
ÑÇÙÝ³ËÝ¹ÇñÁ ¨ Ï³Ý·³éÇ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ ........................ 26
1.3.2. ê³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ßí³éáõÙÁ ............................. 28
¶ÉáõË 2: ìºðæ²ìàð Ð²ì²ê²ðàôØÜºðÆ ²ìîàÜàØ

Ð²Ø²Î²ð¶ºð............................................................ 37
2.1. ²ñ³·ÁÝÃ³ó ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É
í³Ûñ¿çùáí Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñ ................................................................. 37
2.2. ì»ñç³íáñ Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ³íïáÝáÙ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ
ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Ù»Ãá¹ª ÑÇÙÝí³Í Åáñ¹³ÝÛ³Ý ³ÝÏÛáõÝ³·Í³ÛÝ³óÙ³Ý
íñ³ ............................................................................................. 40
2.3. ´³½Ù³Ý¹³ÙÝ»ñÇ ³ñÙ³ïÝ»ñÇ ÙÇ³Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÛ³ (½áõ·³Ñ»é)
áñáßÙ³Ý Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñª ÑÇÙÝí³Í Åáñ¹³ÝÛ³Ý ³ÝÏÛáõÝ³·Í³ÛÝ³ó-
Ù³Ý ¨ ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï ³ñ³·ÁÝÃ³ó ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ ¹Çý»-
ñ»ÝóÇ³É í³Ûñ¿çùáí Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ëË»Ù³Ý»ñÇ íñ³ ............. 47
¶ÉáõË 3: Ø²ÂºØ²îÆÎ²Î²Ü Ìð²¶ð²ìàðØ²Ü

ÊÜ¸ÆðÜºð ............................................................... 57
3.1. Ø³Ã»Ù³ïÇÏ³Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñ³íáñÙ³Ý ÙÇ³ã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ
ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñ ................................................................................... 57
3.1.1. ²ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñ ...................................................... 57
3.1.2. ÀÝ¹Ñ³ï ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñ .......................................................... 70
-3-
3.1.2.1. ²ÙµáÕç³å»ë ³ÙµáÕç³ÃÇí ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñ ............. 70
3.1.2.2. Ø³ëÝ³ÏÇáñ»Ý ³ÙµáÕç³ÃÇí ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñ ........... 82
3.1.2.3. ´Çí³É»Ýï ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñ ......................................... 85
3.1.2.4. äë¨¹áµáõÉÛ³Ý ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñ .................................... 91
3.1.2.5. ÀÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³óáõÙÝ»ñ ¨ ¹ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ............ 101
3.2. Ø³Ã»Ù³ïÇÏ³Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñ³íáñÙ³Ý µ³½Ù³ã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ
ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñ ................................................................................... 109
3.2.1. ´³½Ù³ã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ ûåïÇÙ³É³óÙ³Ý ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ
ÑÇÙÝ³ñ³ñ ¹ñáõÛÃÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ .......................................... 109
3.2.2. Ø³Ã»Ù³ïÇÏ³Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñ³íáñÙ³Ý µ³½Ù³ã³÷³ÝÇ-
ß³ÛÇÝ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ëáõµ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ
Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÁ ......................................................................... 114
¶ÉáõË 4: ¸ÆÜ²ØÆÎ ÊÜ¸ÆðÜºð ........................................... 124

4.1. ¸Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ áã Ï³ÝáÝ³Ï³Ý
Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·»ñ ............................................................................. 124
4.2. ¸ÇÝ³ÙÇÏ ¿ùëïñ»Ù³É ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñ ............................................... 130
4.3. Æ½áå»ñÇÙ»ïñÇÏ í³ñÇ³óÇáÝ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñ ................................. 147
4.4. úåïÇÙ³É Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñ ....................... 155
4.4.1. úåïÇÙ³É Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý ÙÇ³ã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ
ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñ ...................................................................... 155
4.4.2. úåïÇÙ³É Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý µ³½Ù³ã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ
ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñ ......................................................................... 167
Ð²ìºÈì²Ì: Ð³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ëË»Ù³Ý»ñÇ ½áõ·³ÙÇïáõÃÛáõÝÁ ... 190
ú¶î²¶àðÌì²Ì ¶ð²Î²ÜàôÂÚàôÜ ...................................... 194
-4-
Ü²Ê²´²Ü
Ø»Ý³·ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÑÇÙùáõÙ ÁÝÏ³Í »Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·³ÛÇÝ í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛ³Ý

½³Ý³½³Ý ³ëå³ñ»½Ý»ñáõÙ Ñ»ÕÇÝ³ÏÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ëï³óí³Í ·Çï³Ï³Ý
³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÁ: ²ÛÝ å³ñáõÝ³ÏáõÙ ¿ ãáñë ·ÉáõË: ²é³çÇÝ ·ÉËáõÙ ï»Õ »Ý ·ï»É
Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·³ÛÇÝ í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛ³Ý ³é³ÝÓÇÝ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ (áã ·Í³ÛÇÝ Íñ³·ñ³-
íáñÙ³Ý ¹ÇÝ³ÙÇÏ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ) ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ÙÇ ß³ñù Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÇ Ù³-
ëÇÝ ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ: ²Ûëï»Õ, ³é³ÝÓÝ³Ñ³ïáõÏ áõß³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¿
³ñÅ³Ý³ó»É ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É í³Ûñ¿çùáí Ñ³ßíáÕ³-
Ï³Ý ëËÙ³Ý (¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ù»Ãá¹Á): Ü»ñÏ³Û³óí»É »Ý
Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÝ»ñÇ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ³é³í»É Ñ³×³Ë
Ñ³Ý¹ÇåáÕ µ³ñ¹áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ (÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³Ù³ëßï³µ³íáñáõÙÁ,
§Óáñ³Ï³ÛÇÝ¦ (§÷áë³ÛÇÝ¦) ÑÇÙÝ³ËÝ¹ÇñÁ, Ï³Ý·³éÇ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ) ¨ ¹ñ³Ýó
Ñ³ÕÃ³Ñ³ñÙ³Ý áõÕÇÝ»ñÁ: ²é³ç³ñÏí»É »Ý ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ßí³éÙ³Ý
ÙÇ ß³ñù Ùáï»óáõÙÝ»ñ, áñáÝó ÏÇñ³éÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï Ñ³ßí³ñÏÝ»ñÇ ÁÝÃ³óùáõÙ
ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý ·ñ³¹Ç»ÝïÝ»ñÇ ÷áË³ñ»Ý ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ ÉÇÝáõÙ û·ï³·áñÍ»É Ñ³-
Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý»ñÇ ëáõµ·ñ³¹Ç»ÝïÝ»ñÁ (ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³óí³Í ·ñ³-
¹Ç»ÝïÝ»ñÁ)ª µ³½Ù³ñÅ»ù ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý»ñ, ÇÝãÁ å³ÛÙ³Ý³íáñáõÙ ¿ Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý
·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÝ»ñÇ ÙÇ ß³ï Ï³ñ¨áñ ³é³ÝÓÝ³Ñ³ïÏáõÃÛáõÝ` í»ñ³¹³ë³íáñí»-
ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ÇÝãÁ, Çñ Ñ»ñÃÇÝ, ³å³ÑáíáõÙ ¿ ³Û¹ ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÝ»ñÇ µ³ñÓñ ³ñ¹Ûáõ-
Ý³í»ïáõÃÛáõÝÁ: êñ³Ý, ÇÑ³ñÏ», Ñ³ëÝáõÙ »Ý áñáß §½áÑáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ¦ ·Ýáí,
³ÛÝ ¿` áÕáñÏ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÁ ÷áË³ñÇÝíáõÙ »Ý Ýñ³Ýó Ñ³Ù³ñÅ»ù áã áÕáñÏ ËÝ¹Çñ-
Ý»ñáí:
ºñÏñáñ¹ ·ÉáõËÁ ÝíÇñí³Í ¿ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·³ÛÇÝ í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛ³Ý ï³ñµ»ñ
ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ³é³í»É Ñ³×³Ë Ñ³Ý¹ÇåáÕ í»ñç³íáñ Ñ³í³-
ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ³íïáÝáÙ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý »Õ³Ý³ÏÝ»ñÇ Ùß³ÏÙ³ÝÁ, áñáÝó
ÑÇÙùáõÙ ÁÝÏ³Í ¿ ³ñ³·ÁÝÃ³ó ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É
í³Ûñ¿çùáí Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ëË»Ù³Ý: ì»ñçÇÝÇë ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ï³ñµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ëá-
-5-
íáñ³Ï³Ý ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É í³Ûñ¿çùáí Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý
ëË»Ù³ÛÇó ³ÛÝ ¿, áñ ³Ûëï»Õ ³ÝóáõÙ³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÝ»ñÁ Ï³ÛáõÝ³ÝáõÙ »Ý
³ñ³·` Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý Ó¨áí ÁÝïñíáÕ, µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ Ù»Í áõÅ»Õ³óÙ³Ý
·áñÍ³ÏÇóÝ»ñÇ ßÝáñÑÇí: ²Ûëï»Õ ³é³ç³ñÏí»É »Ý áã ·Í³ÛÇÝ í»ñç³íáñ Ñ³í³-
ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ³íïáÝáÙ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ½áõ·³Ñ»é »Õ³Ý³ÏÝ»ñ`
ÑÇÙÝí³Í ·Í³ÛÇÝ Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ³íïáÝáÙ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý µ³í³-
Ï³Ý³ã³÷ Ñ³ÛïÝÇ Åáñ¹³ÝÛ³Ý ³ÝÏÛáõÝ³·Í³ÛÝ³óÙ³Ý »Õ³Ý³ÏÇ íñ³: ì»ñ-
çÇÝë, Çñ Ñ»ñÃÇÝ, ÑÇÙù ¿ Ñ³Ý¹Çë³ó»É µ³½Ù³Ý¹³ÙÝ»ñÇ ³ñÙ³ïÝ»ñÇ ½áõ·³Ñ»é
áñáßÙ³Ý »Õ³Ý³ÏÝ»ñÇ Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ:
ºññáñ¹ ·ÉáõËÁ í»ñ³µ»ñáõÙ ¿ ëï³ïÇÏ ûåïÇÙ³É³óÙ³Ý (Ù³Ã»Ù³ïÇ-
Ï³Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñ³íáñÙ³Ý) ÙÇ³ã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï ¨ ÁÝ¹Ñ³ï ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ
ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ³ñ³·ÁÝÃ³ó ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ ¨ ëáõµ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ ¹Çý»-
ñ»ÝóÇ³É í³Ûñ¿çùáí Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÇ (³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï, ùí³½Ç·Í³ÛÇÝ ¨ ³ç í»ñç³íáñ
ï³ñµ»ñáõÃ³ÛÇÝ) Ùß³ÏÙ³ÝÁ: ²Ûëï»Õ ³é³ÝÓÝ³Ñ³ïáõÏ áõß³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý »Ý ³ñ-
Å³Ý³ó»É ÁÝ¹Ñ³ï Ù³Ã»Ù³ïÇÏ³Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñ³íáñÙ³Ý ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝó
ÃíáõÙ »Ý ÉñÇí ³ÙµáÕç³ÃÇí, Ù³ëÝ³ÏÇáñ»Ý ³ÙµáÕç³ÃÇí, µÇí³É»Ýï ¨ åë¨¹á-
µáõÉÛ³Ý ¹Çáý³Ýï³ÛÇÝ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÁ: ²ñí»É »Ý ÙÇ ß³ñù ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³óáõÙÝ»ñ ¨
¹ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ, áñáÝù Ï³ñ¨áñ »Ý Ýßí³Í ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ
Ùß³Ïí³Í Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÇ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï Ñ³Ý¹ÇåáÕ Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý
µ³ñ¹áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ÕÃ³Ñ³ñÙ³Ý ï»ë³ÝÏÛáõÝÇó: ¶ÉËáõÙ µ»ñí³Í »Ý Ý³¨
Ù³Ã»Ù³ïÇÏ³Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñ³íáñÙ³Ý µ³½Ù³ã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý
³ñ³·ÁÝÃ³ó ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï ëáõµ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É í³Ûñ¿çùáí Ùá¹»É-
Ý»ñÁ (³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï, ùí³½Ç·Í³ÛÇÝ ¨ ³ç í»ñç³íáñ-ï³ñµ»ñáõÃ³ÛÇÝ), áñáÝù
ÑÇÙÝí³Í »Ý é»¹áõóí³Í ý³½³ÛÇÝ ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý, ù³é³Ïáõë³ÛÇÝ ïáõ·³Ý³ÛÇÝ
ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý»ñÇ (max-Ç ëÏ½µáõÝùÇ), áõïáåÇ³Ï³Ý Ï»ïÇ ¨ ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³-
ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÇ ½áõ·³ÏóÙ³Ý íñ³:
âáññáñ¹ ·ÉËáõÙ ï»Õ »Ý ·ï»É Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·³ÛÇÝ í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛ³Ý ¹ÇÝ³ÙÇÏ
ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý (¹ÇÝ³ÙÇÏ ûåïÇÙ³É³óÙ³Ý) ³ñ³·ÁÝÃ³ó ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï
ëáõµ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É í³Ûñ¿çùáí Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÁ (³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï, ùí³½Ç-
-6-
·Í³ÛÇÝ ¨ ³ç í»ñç³íáñ-ï³ñµ»ñáõÃ³ÛÇÝ): ²Û¹ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ ÃíáõÙ »Ý ¹Çý»-
ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ áã Ï³ÝáÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·»ñÁ, ÇÝãå»ë Ý³¨
¹ÇÝ³ÙÇÏ ¿ùëïñ»Ù³É ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÁ, Ç½áå»ñÇÙ»ïñÇÏ (Ñ³í³ë³ñ³å³ñ³·ÇÍ)
í³ñÇ³óÇáÝ ¨ ûåïÇÙ³É Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÁ` ÙÇ³ã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ
¹ñí³ÍùÝ»ñáí: ²Ûëï»Õ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óí³Í »Ý Ý³¨ ûåïÇÙ³É Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý µ³½-
Ù³ã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ÝáõÝ Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝù ¨ë
ÑÇÙÝí³Í »Ý í»ñáÑÇßÛ³É Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÇ ½áõ·³ÏóÙ³Ý íñ³:
²ßË³ï³ÝùÇ Ñ³í»Éí³ÍáõÙ µ»ñí³Í »Ý Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ëË»Ù³Ý»ñÇ
½áõ·³ÙÇïáõÃÛ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ:
Þ³ñ³¹ñ³ÝùÝ áõÕ»ÏóíáõÙ ¿ Ù»Í ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùµ ûñÇÝ³ÏÝ»ñáí ¨ Ýñ³Ýó
ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñáíª ÇÝãå»ë ³é³ç³ñÏí³Í Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÇ, ³ÛÝå»ë ¿É Ñ³ÛïÝÇ ³ÛÉ »Õ³-
Ý³ÏÝ»ñÇ û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ùµ, ÇÝãÁ ÑÝ³ñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ ï³ÉÇë ³é³í»É ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³-
í»ïáñ»Ý Ëáñ³Ý³É ï»ë³Ï³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÇ Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ»ñÇ Ù»ç: ê³ ·ñùÇ
³é³í»É Ï³ñ¨áñ ³é³ÝÓÝ³Ñ³ïÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó Ù»ÏÝ ¿: ²ÛÝ Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝ ¿
Ý»ñÏ³Û³óÝáõÙ µáÉáñ Ýñ³Ýó Ñ³Ù³ñ, áíù»ñ ½µ³ÕíáõÙ »Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·³ÛÇÝ í»ñ-
ÉáõÍáõÃÛ³Ý ÇÝãå»ë ï»ë³Ï³Ý, ³ÛÝå»ë ¿É ·áñÍÝ³Ï³Ý ï»ë³ÝÏÛáõÝÝ»ñáí:
²ßË³ï³ÝùÇ 1-ÇÝ ¨ 4-ñ¹ ·ÉáõËÝ»ñÁ, ÇÝãå»ë Ý³¨ 2-ñ¹ ·ÉËÇ 2.1 ¨ 3-ñ¹
·ÉËÇ 3.2.1 µ³ÅÇÝÝ»ñÁ ¨ Ñ³í»Éí³ÍÁ ·ñí»É »Ý ê. Ð. êÇÙáÝÛ³ÝÇ ÏáÕÙÇó:
Ü³Ë³µ³ÝÁ, 2-ñ¹ ·ÉËÇ 2.2, 2.3 ¨ 3-ñ¹ ·ÉËÇ 3.1.1, 3.1.2, 3.2.2 µ³ÅÇÝÝ»ñÁ
·ñí»É »Ý ê. Ð. êÇÙáÝÛ³ÝÇ ¨ ². ¶. ²í»ïÇëÛ³ÝÇ ÏáÕÙÇó Ñ³Ù³ï»Õ: Ð³Ù³ï»Õ
»Ý Çñ³Ï³Ý³óí»É Ý³¨ µáÉáñ µ³ÅÇÝÝ»ñÇ µáÉáñ ûñÇÝ³ÏÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÁ:
Ð»ÕÇÝ³ÏÝ»ñ
-7-
¶ÉáõË 1. ÀÜ¸Ð²Üàôð Ð²ðòºð
1.1. Ð³Ù³Ï³ñ·³ÛÇÝ í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛ³Ý ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ
Ð³Ù³Ï³ñ·³ÛÇÝ í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛ³Ý ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÁ (áã ·Í³ÛÇÝ Íñ³·ñ³íáñÙ³Ý

¹ÇÝ³ÙÇÏ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÁ) ÝÏ³ñ³·ñíáõÙ »Ý Ñ»ï¨Û³É ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³Ï³Ý Ù³Ã»Ù³-
ïÇÏ³Ï³Ý Ùá¹»Éáí`
M ( t )  inf (  1 ( X ( t ), t ) , (1.1)
X̂ ( t )
X ( t )   2 ( X ( t ), t )  0 , (1.2)
 3 ( X ( t ), t )  0 , (1.3)
a ( t )   4 ( X ( t ), t )  b( t ) , (1.4)
áñï»Õ  
T
X ( t )   x 1 ( t ),..., x n ( t ) x n 1 ( t ),..., x n  r ( t )  X T ( t ), X̂ T ( t ) –Á
T
áñáÝ»ÉÇ ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ í»ÏïáñÝ ¿;  1 ( X ( t ), t ) -Á` µ³½Ù³ÃÇí

÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇó Ï³Ëí³Í ïñí³Í ëÏ³ÉÛ³ñ ýáõÝÏóÇ³ Ï³Ù ýáõÝÏóÇáÝ³É ¿,
áñáÝó Ñ³Ù³ñ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ ÷Ýïñ»É M ( t ) áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÇ Ýí³½³·áõÛÝ
³ñÅ»ùÁ Ï³Ù ¿É Ï³éáõó»É ¿ùëïñ»Ù³ÉÁ Áëï X̂ ( t ) »ÝÃ³í»ÏïáñÇ µ³Õ³¹ñÇã-
Ý»ñÇ;  2 ( X ( t ), t )   21 ( X ( t ), t ),..., 2 r ( X ( t ), t ) -Á (1.3) ¨ (1.4) å³ÛÙ³Ý-

T
Ý»ñáí ïñí³Í ÃáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇ ïÇñáõÛÃáõÙ ß³ñÅáõÙÁ å³ÛÙ³Ý³íáñáÕ ¹Çý»-

ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ (1.2) Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç ³ç Ù³ë»ñÇ í»ÏïáñÝ ¿;
 3 m ( X ( t ), t ) -Á í»ñç³íáñ Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ï»ëùáí ïñí³Í ë³ÑÙ³Ý³-
 4 ( X ( t ), t )   41 ( X ( t ), t ),..., 4 p ( X ( t ), t ) í»Ï-
T
÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ í»ÏïáñÝ ¿;

ïáñÁ å³ÛÙ³Ý³íáñáõÙ ¿ a ( t )  a 1 ( t ),..., a p ( t ) T

¨ b( t )  b1 ( t ),..., b p ( t )  T
ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñáí ÃáõÛÉ »ñÏÏáÕÙ í»ñç³íáñ ½áõ·³Ñ»é³ÝÇëï³ÛÇÝ ë³ÑÙ³Ý³-

÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÁ; n -Á ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ (1.2) Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç Ï³ñ·Á
  
å³ÛÙ³Ý³íáñáÕ Ù»ÍáõÃÛáõÝ ¿, ÁÝ¹ áñáõÙ m  n , p  n , m  p :
  
-8-
(1.1)-(1.4) ËÝ¹ÇñÝ ÁÝ¹·ñÏáõÙ ¿ Ï³ñ¨áñ Ù³ëÝ³ÏÇ »ÝÃ³ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ ÙÇ
Ù»Í µ³½ÙáõÃÛáõÝ, áñáÝù áñáßíáõÙ »Ý Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí:
Ø³ëÝ³íáñ³å»ë, ¹ñ³Ýó ÃíáõÙ »Ý.
- áã å³ÛÙ³Ý³Ï³Ý ¿ùëïñ»ÙáõÙÇ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÁ ((1.1)-Áª ÙÝ³ó³Í
å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ µ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ);
- ·Í³ÛÇÝ ¨ áã ·Í³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ýñ³Ñ³ßí³Ï³Ý Ï³Ù ïñ³Ýëó»Ý¹»Ýï Ñ³í³ë³-
ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·»ñÁ ((1.3)-Á` Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ûå»ñ³ïáñÝ»ñáí);
- ·Í³ÛÇÝ ¨ áã ·Í³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ýñ³Ñ³ßí³Ï³Ý Ï³Ù ïñ³Ýëó»Ý¹»Ýï ³ÝÑ³í³-
ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·»ñÁ ((1.4)-Á` Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ûå»ñ³ïáñÝ»ñáí ¨
ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ í»ÏïáñÝ»ñáí);
- ëÏ³ÉÛ³ñ ÷á÷áË³Ï³Ýáí í»ñç³íáñ Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÁ ((1.3)-Á
m  1, t 
0 ¹»åùáõÙ; Ï³ñ¨áñ ¿ Ñ³ïÏ³å»ë Çñ³Ï³Ý ¨ ÏáÙåÉ»ùë
·áñÍ³ÏÇóÝ»ñáí Ñ³Ýñ³Ñ³ßí³Ï³Ý µ³½Ù³Ý¹³ÙÝ»ñÇ ÇÝãå»ë Çñ³Ï³Ý,

³ÛÝå»ë ¿É ÏáÙåÉ»ùë ³ñÙ³ïÝ»ñÇ áñáßáõÙÁ);
- ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï (·Í³ÛÇÝ, ù³é³Ïáõë³ÛÇÝ, áõéáõóÇÏ, áã áõéáõóÇÏ,
ë»å³ñ³µ»É³ÛÇÝ, »ñÏñ³ã³÷³Ï³Ý, Ïáïáñ³Ï³-·Í³ÛÇÝ, Ïáïáñ³Ï³-áã ·Í³ÛÇÝ
¨ ³ÛÉÝ) ¨ ÁÝ¹Ñ³ï (ÉñÇí ³ÙµáÕç³ÃÇí, Ù³ëÝ³ÏÇáñ»Ý ³ÙµáÕç³ÃÇí, µÇí³É»Ýï,
åë¨¹áµáõÉÛ³Ý ¨ ³ÛÉÝ) áã ·Í³ÛÇÝ Íñ³·ñ³íáñÙ³Ý ëï³ïÇÏ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÁ ((1.1),
(1.3),(1.4)-Áª t  0 ¨ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ûå»ñ³ïáñÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ, ÁÝ¹ áñáõÙª
(1.1) –Ý ÇÝã-áñ ýáõÝÏóÇ³ ¿);
- ·Í³ÛÇÝ ¨ áã ·Í³ÛÇÝ, ³íïáÝáÙ ¨ áã ³íïáÝáÙ (ëï³óÇáÝ³ñ ¨ áã
ëï³óÇáÝ³ñ), Ï³ÝáÝ³Ï³Ý ¨ áã Ï³ÝáÝ³Ï³Ý, ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý Ï³Ù Ù³ëÝ³ÏÇ
³Í³ÝóÛ³ÉÝ»ñáí ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·»ñÁ ((1.2)-Áª
Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ûå»ñ³ïáñÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ, ÁÝ¹ áñáõÙª Ï³ñáÕ »Ý ïñí³Í
ÉÇÝ»É ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÝ»ñÇ ëÏ½µÝ³Ï³Ý Ï³Ù í»ñçÝ³Ï³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÝ
³ÙµáÕçáõÃÛ³Ùµ (Îáßáõ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñ), ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÝ»ñÇ ëÏ½µÝ³Ï³Ý Ï³Ù í»ñç-
Ý³Ï³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ` Ù³ë³Ùµ ¨/ Ï³Ù ³ÙµáÕçáõÃÛ³Ùµ (»ñÏÏ»ï ¨ µ³½Ù³Ï»ï
»½ñ³ÛÇÝ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñ);
-9-
- µ³½Ù³ÃÇí ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇó Ï³Ëí³Í ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇ ¿ùëïñ»ÙáõÙÇ
Ù»ÍáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ Ýñ³ Ïááñ¹ÇÝ³ïÝ»ñÇ ÙÇ³Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÛ³ áñáÝÙ³Ý ËÝ¹ÇñÁª ïñí³Í
ëÏ½µÝ³Ï³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáí ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ
ÇÝï»·ñ³É³ÛÇÝ Ïáñ»ñÇ ÁÝï³ÝÇùÇ íñ³;
- ïñí³Í ëÏ½µÝ³Ï³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáí ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ
Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÁ í»ñç³íáñ Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¨/Ï³Ù ³ÝÑ³í³ë³-
ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ï»ëùáí ïñí³Í ïÇñáõÛÃÝ»ñÇ íñ³;
- ¹ÇÙ³ÙÇÏ ¿ùëïñ»Ù³É ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÁ ((1.1)-(1.4) –Áª ÇÝã-áñ (1.1) ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇ
¹»åùáõÙ);
- ¹³ë³Ï³Ý, áã ¹³ë³Ï³Ý, ß³ñÅáõÝ ¨ ³Ýß³ñÅ ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñáí (»½ñ»ñáí)
ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñáí ¨ ³é³Ýó ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ í³ñÇ³óÇáÝ ËÝ¹Çñ-
Ý»ñÁ ((1.1)-(1.4) –Á` (1.1) ÇÝï»·ñ³É³ÛÇÝ ï»ëùÇ áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÇ, Ñ³Ù³å³-
ï³ëË³Ý ûå»ñ³ïáñÝ»ñÇ ¨ »½ñ³ÛÇÝ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ);
- ·Í³ÛÇÝ ¨ áã ·Í³ÛÇÝ, ³íïáÝáÙ ¨ áã ³íïáÝáÙ (ëï³óÇáÝ³ñ ¨ áã
ëï³óÇáÝ³ñ), ³Ùñ³Ï³Ûí³Í, ã³Ùñ³Ï³Ûí³Í ¨ Ù³ë³Ùµ ³Ùñ³Ï³Ûí³Í »½ñ³ÛÇÝ
å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáí, ³Ùñ³Ï³Ûí³Í ¨ ã³Ùñ³Ï³Ûí³Í ³ÝóÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³ÙÇçáóáí,
Ï³é³í³ñáÕ ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ íÇ×³ÏÇ ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ íñ³ ¹ñí³Í Çñ³-
ñÇó µ³Å³Ý Ï³Ù ¿É Ï³åí³Í ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñáí ¨ ³ÛÉ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÁ ((1.1)-
(1.4)-Á` (1.1) ýáõÝÏóÇáÝ³ÉÇ, Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ûå»ñ³ïáñÝ»ñÇ ¨ ³ÛÉ Éñ³óáõ-
óÇã å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ) ¨ ³ÛÉÝ:
(1.1)-(1.4) ËÝ¹ñÇÝ ½³Ý³½³Ý é»¹áõóáÕ Ó¨³÷áËáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ û·ï³·áñÍ-
Ù³Ùµ Ï³ñáÕ »Ý Ñ³Ý·»óí»É Ý³¨ ·Çï³-·áñÍÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ»ï³½áïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ
³ÛÝåÇëÇ µ³½Ù³ÃÇí ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñ, ÇÝãåÇëÇù »Ýª Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·³ÛÇÝ í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛ³Ý
µ³½Ù³ã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ, Ë³Õ»ñÇ ï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý, ·ñ³ýÝ»ñÇ ¨ ó³Ýó»ñÇ ûåïÇÙ³-
É³óÙ³Ý, Ù³Ã»Ù³ïÇÏ³Ï³Ý ýÇ½ÇÏ³ÛÇ ¨ ³ÛÉ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÁ:
- 10 -
1.2. ØÇ ß³ñù Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ ¨ ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï
·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É í³Ûñ¿çùáí Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÁ
ºÝÃ³¹ñ»Ýù ïñí³Í ¿`
f(X )0 (1.5)
í»ñç³íáñ Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ áñáßÛ³É Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Á [72, 73], áñï»Õ
T
f  ( f 1 ,..., f n ) -Á áã ·Í³ÛÇÝ ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý»ñÇ n ã³÷³ÝÇ í»ÏïáñÝ ¿, ÇëÏ
X  ( x 1 ,..., x n )T -Á` áñáßÙ³Ý »ÝÃ³Ï³ ³ÝÑ³Ûï ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ ÝáõÛÝå»ë
n ã³÷³ÝÇ í»ÏïáñÁ: ²Ûë Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç ÉáõÍáõÙÁ (ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÁ) ·áÛáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝÇ
(áõÝ»Ý), »Ã» ³Û¹ Ï»ïáõÙ (Ï»ï»ñáõÙ) Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Á í»ñ³ÍíáõÙ ¿ ÝáõÛÝáõÃÛ³Ý:
¶áÛáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»Ý ³Ûë ËÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý µ³½Ù³ÃÇí ¨ µ³½Ù³½³Ý
»Õ³Ý³ÏÝ»ñ: Î³Ý· ³éÝ»Ýù ¹ñ³ÝóÇó ÙÇ ù³ÝÇëÇ íñ³, áñáÝù áõÕÕ³ÏÇ
³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»Ý ËÝ¹ñá ³é³ñÏ³ÛÇ Ñ»ï:
1) ÐÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÇó Ù»ÏÝ Çï»ñ³óÇ³Ý»ñÇ Ù»Ãá¹Ý ¿, áñÇ
¹»åùáõÙ, áñáß Ñ³Ù³ñÅ»ù Ó¨³÷áËáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ, (1.5) Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Á
µ»ñáõÙ »Ý
X  g( X ) (1.6)
ï»ëùÇ, áñáí ÑÝ³ñ³íáñ ¿ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñå»É Çï»ñ³óÇáÝ Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ÁÝÃ³-
ó³Ï³ñ·»ñ` Ñ³çáñ¹³Ï³Ý Ùáï³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ Ï³éáõó»Éáí Áëï
X k 1  g( X k ) (1.7)
³éÝãáõÃÛ³Ý` ÇÝã-áñ Ï»ñå ÁÝïñ»Éáí X 0 ëÏ½µÝ³Ï³Ý Ùáï³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ( k -Ý

Çï»ñ³óÇ³ÛÇ Ñ³Ù³ñÝ ¿): àñáß³ÏÇ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ k   ¹»åùáõÙ ³Û¹ Ùá-
ï³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ½áõ·³ÙÇïáõÙ »Ý (1.5) Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç áñ¨¿ ÉáõÍÙ³ÝÁ (ÇÝã-áñ
³Ýß³ñÅ Ï»ïÇ):
¶áÛáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»Ý (1.5) Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Á (1.6) ï»ëùÇ µ»ñ»Éáõ ¨ Áëï (1.7) –Ç
Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ÁÝÃ³ó³Ï³ñ·»ñ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñå»Éáõ µ³½Ù³ÃÇí »Õ³Ý³ÏÝ»ñ,
áñáÝù Çñ³ñÇó ï³ñµ»ñíáõÙ »Ý g ( X ) ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇ ÁÝïñáõÃÛ³Ý Ùáï»óáõÙ-
Ý»ñáí:
- 11 -
2) (1.5) Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç ÉáõÍÙ³Ý »Õ³Ý³ÏÝ»ñÇó Ù»ÏÝ ¿É, ³Ûëå»ë Ïáãí³Í,
·Í³ÛÝ³óÙ³Ý Ù»Ãá¹Ý ¿, áñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ (1.5) Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Á ÷áË³ñÇÝáõÙ »Ý Ýñ³Ý
ÇÝã-áñ ×ßïáõÃÛ³Ùµ Ñ³Ù³ñÅ»ù ·Í³ÛÇÝ ï»ëùáí, áñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÁ, áñáß³ÏÇ
å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ, Ý³ËÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç ÉáõÍÙ³Ý áñáß³ÏÇ Ùáï³-
íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ ¿: ¶Í³ÛÝ³óÙ³Ý ³é³í»É ï³ñ³Íí³Í »Õ³Ý³ÏÁ (1.5) Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç
Ý»ñÏ³Û³óáõÙÝ ¿ Â»ÛÉáñÇ í»ñÉáõÍÙ³Ý µ³Ý³Ó¨Ç ÑÇÙ³Ý íñ³, áñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ
R2 ( X ) ÙÝ³óáñ¹³ÛÇÝ ³Ý¹³ÙÝ ³Ýï»ëíáõÙ ¿, ¨ Ý³ËÝ³Ï³Ý ËÝ¹ñÇ
ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÝ ëï³óíáõÙ »Ý áñå»ë Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ·Í³ÛÇÝ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ áñá-
ß³ÏÇ ³Ý¹ñ³¹³ñÓ Ñ³çáñ¹³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ùáï³íáñ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ ë³ÑÙ³-
Ý³ÛÇÝ ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñ:
3) (1.5) ËÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Ï³ñ¨áñ »Õ³Ý³ÏÝ»ñÇó Ù»ÏÝ ¿É Ñ»ï¨Û³ÉÝ ¿.
ù³ÝÇ áñ ¹Çï³ñÏíáÕ ËÝ¹ÇñÁ Ñ³Ù³ñÅ»ù ¿

F ( X )  f T ( X ), f ( X ) (1.8)
¹ñ³Ï³Ý-áñáßí³Í ù³é³Ïáõë³ÛÇÝ Ó¨Ç ÙÇÝÇÙ³É³óÙ³Ý ËÝ¹ñÇÝ (Ï³Ù ¿É (1.5)
Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ³ç ¨ Ó³Ë Ù³ë»ñÇ ÙÇç¨ ³ÝÑ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝáõ-
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ í»ÏïáñÇó Ï³Ëí³Í Ù»Ï ³ÛÉ ¹ñ³Ï³Ý ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇ), ³å³ í»ñçÇÝÇë
ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³Ï³Ý Ï³Ù ·Éáµ³É (½ñáÛ³Ï³Ý) ÙÇÝÇÙáõÙÝ»ñÇ áñáßÙ³Ùµ, ÷³ëïáñ»Ý,
áñáßíáõÙ »Ý Ý³¨ (1.5) ËÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÁ:
²Ûë Ùáï»óÙ³Ý íñ³ »Ý ëáíáñ³µ³ñ ÑÇÙÝíáõÙ ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ í³Ûñ¿çùÇ
Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÁ [20, 35], áñáÝù µ³½Ù³ÃÇí ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇó Ï³Ëí³Í ¹Çý»ñ»Ý-
ó»ÉÇ ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý»ñÇ ÙÇÝÇÙ³É³óÙ³Ýª É³ÛÝáñ»Ý ï³ñ³Íí³Í Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÇ ï³ñ³-
ï»ë³ÏÝ»ñÇó »Ý: ²Û¹ Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÁ ëáíáñ³µ³ñ û·ï³·áñÍáõÙ »Ý Ýå³ï³Ï³ÛÇÝ
ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇ ³é³çÇÝ Ï³ñ·Ç Ù³ëÝ³ÏÇ ³Í³ÝóÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ í»ÏïáñÁ Ï³Ù ¿É, ³í»ÉÇ
×Çßï, Ñ³Ï³·ñ³¹Ç»ÝïÁ, áñÁ Ù³ïÝ³ÝßáõÙ ¿ F ( X ) ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇ ³Ù»Ý³-
³ñ³· Ýí³½Ù³Ý áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ: F ( X ) -Ç Ñ³Ï³·ñ³¹Ç»ÝïÁ áñáßáõÙ ¿ ÙÇÙÇ³ÛÝ
Ýñ³ ÙÇÝÇÙáõÙÇ áñáÝÙ³Ý áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ, µ³Ûó áã ³ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ ù³ÛÉÇ Ù»Íáõ-
ÃÛáõÝÁ: Î³Ëí³Í ³Û¹ ³ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ ù³ÛÉÇ ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÇ ÁÝïñÙ³Ý »Õ³Ý³Ï-
Ý»ñÇó` ï³ñµ»ñáõÙ »Ý ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÇ µ³½Ù³ÃÇí ï³ñ³ï»ë³Ï-
Ý»ñ, ë³Ï³ÛÝ, µáÉáñ ¹»åù»ñáõÙ ¿É ³Û¹ ÑÇÙÝ³ËÝ¹ÇñÁ ÉáõÍíáõÙ ¿ Ï³Ù ÷áñÓÝ³-
Ï³Ý ×³Ý³å³ñÑáí, Ï³Ù ¿É Éñ³óáõóÇã Ñ³ßí³ñÏÝ»ñÇ û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ùµ:
- 12 -
4) ´³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ ï³ñ³Íí³Í ¨ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ï Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÇó Ù»ÏÝ ¿É,
³Ûëå»ë Ïáãí³Í, ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ù»Ãá¹Ý ¿, áñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ (1.5)
Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ý ÇÝã-áñ Ï»ñå é»¹áõóíáõÙ ¿ Ýñ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñÅ»ù ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý ¹Çý»-
ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç, áñÝ áõÝÇ ³ëÇÙåïáïÇÏáñ»Ý Ï³ÛáõÝ
Ñ³Ý·ëïÇ Ï»ï»ñ` Ï³Ëí³Í ÁÝïñíáÕ ëÏ½µÝ³Ï³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇó, ¨ áñáÝù
Ñ³ÙÁÝÏÝáõÙ »Ý (1.5) Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ïááñ¹ÇÝ³ïÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï: Ø³ëÝ³-
íáñ³å»ë, (1.8) ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇ ¹»åùáõÙ ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ ¹Çý»-
ñ»ÝóÇ³É í³Ûñ¿çùáí Ùá¹»ÉÁ (²¶¸ìØ) Ï³Ù ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ
Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ý áõÝÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É ï»ëùÁ`
X ( t )  0.5  F  X ( t )  f T  X ( t )  f  X ( t ), X ( t 0 )  X 0 , (1.9)

áñï»Õ  F  X ( t )   F  X ( t )  x ( t ) , , F  X ( t )  x n ( t )
1
 T
–Á F  X ( t )
ýáõÝÏóÇáÝ³ÉÇ ·ñ³¹Ç»ÝïÝ ¿, f  X ( t ) -Ý` (1.5) Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ-
·Ç n Ï³ñ·³ÝÇ Û³ÏáµÛ³ÝÁ, ÇëÏ X 0 -Ý` ÁÝïñíáÕ ëÏ½µÝ³Ï³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ n
ã³÷³ÝÇ í»Ïïáñ-ëÛáõÝÁ: ²ÏÝÑ³Ûï ¿, áñ X ( t ) í»ÏïáñÁ Ñ³Ù»Ù³ï³Ï³Ý ¿
F  X ( t ) ýáõÝÏóÇáÝ³ÉÇ ·ñ³¹Ç»ÝïÇÝ, ³ÛëÇÝùÝª ûñÃá·áÝ³É ¿ F  X ( t ) -Ç

Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÇ ·Í»ñÇÝ ¨ áõÕÕí³Í ¿ F  X ( t ) -Ç Ýí³½Ù³Ý áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùµ: ²ÛÉ Ï»ñå
³ë³Í, F  X ( t ) -Ç ³ñÅ»ùÁ ãÇ ³×áõÙ X ( t ) Ñ»ï³·Íáí ï»Õ³ß³ñÅÇ ¹»åùáõÙ,

ù³ÝÇ áñ
 
F  X ( t )t  F  X ( t ), X ( t )  F  X ( t ), F  X ( t ) (1.10)
³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáõÃÛáõÝÇó µËáõÙ ¿, áñ µ³óÇ F  X ( t ) -Ç ëï³óÇáÝ³ñ Ï»ï»ñÇó,

áñáÝóáõÙ F  X ( t )t  0 , ÙÝ³ó³Í µáÉáñ Ï»ï»ñáõÙ
F  X ( t )t  0 : (1.11)
(1.9) Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç ß³ñÅÙ³Ý Ñ»ï³·Íáí áñáßíáÕ ·ÇÍÁ ·ñ³¹Ç»ÝïÇ ·ÇÍÝ ¿, áñÁ
µÝáõÃ³·ñíáõÙ ¿ Ñ»ï¨Û³É Ñ³ïÏáõÃÛ³Ùµ. ³Û¹ ·ÍÇ Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ Ï»ïáõÙ
ï³ñí³Í ßáß³÷áÕÁ Ñ³ÙÁÝÏÝáõÙ ¿ ³Û¹ ÝáõÛÝ Ï»ïáõÙ (1.8) ù³é³Ïáõë³ÛÇÝ
ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇ ·ñ³¹Ç»ÝïÇ Ñ»ï` íÇ×³ÏÇ ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç:
- 13 -
(1.9) Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·áí ÝÏ³ñ³·ñíáÕ ³ÝóáõÙ³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÁ ïñí³Í
X ( t 0 ) ëÏ½µÝ³Ï³Ý íÇ×³ÏÇ ¹»åùáõÙ Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÇ ³Ýí»ñç ÙÇç³Ï³ÛùáõÙ
( t   ) Ñ³Ý·»óÝáõÙ ¿ ³ÛÝåÇëÇ Ï»ï»ñÇ Ï³Ù Ýñ³Ýó áñáß³ÏÇ µ³½ÙáõÃÛ³Ý,
áñáÝóáõÙ (1.8) ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇ ·ñ³¹Ç»ÝïÁ Ñ³í³ë³ñ ¿ ½ñáÛÇ Ï³Ù, ³ÛÉ Ï»ñå
³ë³Í, Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ëï³óÇáÝ³ñ Ï»ï»ñÇ Ï³Ù ¿É ëï³óÇáÝ³ñ
ïÇñáõÛÃÝ»ñÇ: ²Û¹ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï (1.9)-ÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ýª Ï³ñáÕ »Ý ï»ÕÇ
áõÝ»Ý³É Ñ»ï¨Û³É ¹»åù»ñÁ.
- Ï³Ù f ( X )  0 , f ( X ) 
 0 , áñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ, ³ÏÝÑ³Ûïáñ»Ý, Ï·ïÝíÇ
(1.5) ËÝ¹ñÇ ÇÝã-áñ ÉáõÍáõÙ, ù³ÝÇ áñ ³ÝóáõÙ³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÁ (1.8) ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇ
ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³Ï³Ý ÙÇÝÇÙáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ï»ï»ñáõÙ Ï³ÛáõÝ ¿ Áëï ÈÛ³åáõÝáíÇ,
- Ï³Ù f ( X )  0 , f ( X )  0 , áñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ (1.5) ËÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÁ ãÇ
áñáßíáõÙ, ù³ÝÇ áñ ÝÙ³Ý Ï»ï»ñáõÙ ·ïÝíáõÙ »Ý Ï³Ù (1.8) ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇ ï»-
Õ³ÛÇÝ (ÉáÏ³É) ÙÇÝÇÙáõÙÝ»ñÁ (áñáÝóáõÙ ³ÝóáõÙ³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÁ Ï³ÛáõÝ ¿ Áëï
ÈÛ³åáõÝáíÇ), Ï³Ù (1.8) ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇ ï»Õ³ÛÇÝ Ï³Ù ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³Ï³Ý Ù³ùëÇÙáõÙ-
Ý»ñÁ (áñáÝóáõÙ ³ÝóáõÙ³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÝ ³ÝÏ³ÛáõÝ ¿ Áëï ÈÛ³åáõÝáíÇ), Ï³Ù
¿É, í»ñç³å»ë, §³Ýï³ñµ»ñ¦ ëï³óÇáÝ³ñ Ï»ï»ñÁ Ï³Ù ïÇñáõÛÃÝ»ñÁ (³Û¹
ÃíÇÝ »Ý ¹³ëíáõÙ, ûñÇÝ³Ï, í»ñ³ë»ñí³Í Ù³ùëÇÙáõÙÝ»ñÁ ¨ Ã³Ùµ³ÛÇÝ
Ï»ï»ñÁ):
²é³çÇÝ Ñ³Û³óùÇó Ï³ñáÕ ¿ Ãí³É, áñ ¹Çï³ñÏí³Í áã ëï³óÇáÝ³ñ
·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÁ ÑÝ³ñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ ï³ÉÇë Ñ»ßïáõÃÛ³Ùµ ëï³Ý³É ùÝÝ³ñÏíáÕ
ËÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÁª ³Û¹ Ýå³ï³Ïáí û·ï³·áñÍ»Éáí ÇÝï»·ñÙ³Ý áñ¨¿ »Õ³Ý³Ï:
ØÇÝã¹»é ³Û¹ ×³Ý³å³ñÑÇÝ ëáíáñ³µ³ñ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ ÉÇÝáõÙ Ñ³ÕÃ³Ñ³ñ»É
µ³½Ù³ÃÇí ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ, áñáÝù, Ù³ëÝ³íáñ³å»ë, Ï³åí³Í »Ý Ãí³ÛÇÝ
ÇÝï»·ñÙ³Ý ù³ÛÉ»ñÇ ÁÝïñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ»ï: ´³ÝÝ ³ÛÝ ¿, áñ »Ã» ³Û¹ ù³ÛÉ»ñÁ
µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ ÷áùñ »Ý, ³å³ ËÝ¹ñÇ áñ¨¿ Ñ³í³ÏÝáñ¹-ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ëï³óÙ³Ý
Ñ³Ù³ñ Ï³ñáÕ ¿ å³Ñ³Ýçí»É µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ ï¨³Ï³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï, ÙÇÝã¨ áñ
X(t) Ñ»ï³·ÇÍÝ ÁÝÏÝÇ F ( X ) -Ç ÙÇÝÇÙáõÙÇ Ï»ïÇ ßñç³Ï³ÛùÁ ¨ Ï³ÛáõÝ³Ý³
áñ¨¿ Ùáï³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³: Ð³Ï³é³Ï å³ñ³·³ÛáõÙ, ³ÛëÇÝùÝ, »Ã» ÇÝï»·ñÙ³Ý
ù³ÛÉ»ñÁ µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ Ù»Í »Ý, Ñ³ßí³ñÏ³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï³·ÇÍÁ Ï³ñáÕ ¿ ËÇëï
- 14 -
ß»Õí»É ×ß·ñÇï ÉáõÍáõÙÇó ¨ »ñµ¨Çó» ãÏ³ÛáõÝ³Ý³É áñ¨¿ Ùáï³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý
ßñç³Ï³ÛùáõÙ:
ÆÝãå»ë ³Ûë »ñ¨áõÛÃÁ Ñ³ëÏ³Ý³Éáõ Ñ³Ù³ñ, ³ÛÝå»ë ¿É »ÉÝ»Éáí ³é³ÝÓÇÝ
Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óÝ»Éáõ ï»ë³ÝÏÛáõÝÇó, ¹Çï³ñÏ»Ýù AX=a ·Í³ÛÇÝ
Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ áñáßÛ³É Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Á ¨ Ï³éáõó»Ýù Ñ»ï¨Û³É ýáõÝÏóÇáÝ³ÉÁª
F( X ) 
1
2
 1
2
 1
2
 
 ( AX  a )T , X    AX   X  a T  X   X T  AT  X  a T  X :
T

²ÏÝÑ³Ûï ¿, áñ í»ñçÇÝÇë ÙÇÝÇÙáõÙÇ å³ÛÙ³ÝÁ (»ñµ A>0 )ª
dF(X) 1 d
dX

2 dX
 
 X T  AT  X  a T  X  X T  A T  a T   A  X  a   0 ,
T
³éÏ³ ¿ Ñ»Ýó ¹Çï³ñÏíáÕ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç ÉáõÍÙ³Ý íñ³: Ð»ï¨³µ³ñ, í»ñÁ

µ»ñí³Í ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Á ÏáÝÏñ»ï ¹»åùáõÙ
ÏáõÝ»Ý³ ³ÛëåÇëÇ ï»ëùª
X ( t )   A  X  a   0 : (1.12)
Ø³ëÝ³íáñ³å»ë, í»ñçÇÝÇë ³ç í»ñç³íáñ - ï³ñµ»ñáõÃ³ÛÇÝ
Ñ³Ù³ñÅ»ùÁ (²ìîÐ) Ý»ñÏ³Û³óíáõÙ ¿ Ñ»ï¨Û³É Ï»ñåª
X t k  1   X t k 
 A  X ( tk )  a  0 ,
t k 1  t k
áñï»ÕÇóª Ýß³Ý³Ï»Éáí X(tk+1) = Xk+1 ¨ X(tk) = Xk, ÏáõÝ»Ý³Ýùª
X k  1  X k  hk   A  X k  a , (1.13)
ÁÝ¹ áñáõÙª hk  t k  1  t k : ºÝÃ³¹ñ»Ýù áõÝ»Ýù Ñ³í³ë³ñ³Ñ»é Ñ³Ý·áõÛóÝ»ñáí
ó³Ýó, ³ÛëÇÝùÝª hk=const=h0 : ²Û¹ ¹»åùáõÙª
X k 1  E  h  A  X k  h  a  B  X k  c , (1.14)
áñï»Õª B=E-hA, c=ha: ºÝÃ³¹ñ»Ýù Ý³¨, áñ 1  2    n, áñï»Õ  i , i  1, n

- A Ù³ïñÇóÇ ë»÷³Ï³Ý Ãí»ñÝ »Ý, ¨ áñ n/11: ¸Åí³ñ ã¿ óáõÛó ï³É, áñ ³Û¹
¹»åùáõÙ B Ù³ïñÇóÇ ë»÷³Ï³Ý Ãí»ñÁ áñáßíáõÙ »Ý áñå»ë
 i  1  h   i , i  1, n Ù»ÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ: àôëïÇ ß³ï ÷áùñ h-»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ
 i  1, i  1, n , ¨, Ñ»ï¨³µ³ñ, Çï»ñ³óÇ³Ý»ñÇ ù³Ý³ÏÁ ÏÉÇÝÇ µ³í³Ï³-
- 15 -
Ý³ã³÷ Ù»Í: Ø»Í h - »ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ  i  1, i  1, n , ¨, Ñ»ï¨³µ³ñ, Çï»-
ñ³óÇáÝ ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÝ»ñÁ Ïï³ñ³ÙÇï»Ý:
ú·ï³·áñÍ»Éáí µ»ñí³Í ³Ý¹ñ³¹³ñÓ Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ÁÝÃ³ó³Ï³ñ·Áª
¹Çï³ñÏ»Ýù Ñ»ï¨Û³É ËÝ¹ÇñÁ 3]:
úñÇÝ³Ï: ÈáõÍ»É
 4 1  1  x 1   7 
     
 1 2 0    x 2    0 
  1 0 3   x 3    2 
   
·Í³ÛÇÝ Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Á: ¸Åí³ñ ã¿ Ñ³Ùá½í»É, áñ ËÝ¹ñÇ

ÉáõÍáõÙÁ (2,-1,0)T Ï»ïÝ ¿:
ÈáõÍáõÙ: ²ÕÛ.1.1 -áõÙ µ»ñí³Í »Ý 15 ÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ëï³óí³Í
³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÁª =10-5 ×ßïáõÃÛ³Ùµ: 11-14 ÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ ¹ÇÝ³ÙÇÏ³Ý
³é³çÇÝ 10 Çï»ñ³óÇ³Ý»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óí³Í ¿ ³ÕÛ. 1.2 –áõÙ, ý³½³ÛÇÝ
Ñ»ï³·Í»ñÇ åñáÛ»ÏóÇ³Ý»ñÁ (x1 ,x2), (x1 ,x3) ¨ (x2 ,x3) Ñ³ñÃáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáõÙ
(ÝÏ.1.1- ÝÏ.1.3), ÇëÏ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³ÛÇÝ µÝáõÃ³·ñ»ñÁª ÝÏ.1.4 – ÝÏ. 1.7 - áõÙ:
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 1.1
öáñÓ x10 x20 x30 h k x1* x2* x3*
1 0.25 25 1.99998 -0.99997 -0.00001
2 0.31 19 1.99998 -0.99997 -0.00001
3 0.308 15 1.99976 -0.99966 -0.00009
3 4 1
4 65 1.99995 -0.99990 -0.00003
0.1
5 65 1.99995 -0.99990 -0.00003
6 0.05 124 1.99998 -0.99997 -0.00008
7 0.004 1230 1.99831 -0.99681 -0.00109
-5 5 10
8 0.38 91 2.00000 -1.00000 0.00000
9 0.004 1334 2.00169 -1.00317 0.00110
15 -8 -7
10 0.38 93 2.00000 -1.00000 0.00000
11 -2 20 1.99999 -0.99999 0.00000
-3
12 2 9 1.99200 -0.99000 -0.00324
-3 0.31
13 2 10 2.00017 -0.99313 -0.00371
3
14 -2 12 2.00024 -1.00011 -0.00079
15 10 -5 3 0.05 135 2.00012 -1.00022 0.00008
- 16 -
3
(-3,2) x2
2 (3,2)
1
x1
0
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
-1
(2,-1)
-2
(-3,-2) (3,-2)
-3
ÜÏ. 1.1
1
x3 (2,0) x1
0
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
-1
-2
-3
(-3,-3) (3,-3)
-4
ÜÏ. 1.2
1
x3
(-1,0) x2
0
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
-1
-2
-3
(-2,-3) (2,-3)
-4
ÜÏ. 1.3
- 17 -
öáñÓ 11 öáñÓ 12
K x1 x2 x3 x1 x2 x3
0 -3.000 -2.000 -3.000 -3.000 2.000 -3.000
1 2.580 0.170 -1.760 1.340 1.690 -1.760
2 0.953 -0.735 0.057 0.779 0.227 -0.328
3 2.187 -0.575 -0.321 1.811 -0.155 -0.401
4 1.724 -0.896 0.035 1.659 -0.620 -0.087
5 2.045 -0.875 -0.083 1.937 -0.750 -0.112
6 1.925 -0.966 0.008 1.903 -0.886 -0.027
7 2.010 -0.964 -0.023 1.979 -0.926 -0.032
8 1.979 -0.989 0.002 1.972 -0.966 -0.009
9 2.002 -0.990 -0.006 1.993 -0.978 -0.009
10 1.994 -0.997 0.000 1.992 -0.990 -0.003
öáñÓ 13 öáñÓ 14
K x1 x2 x3 x1 x2 x3
0 3.000 2.000 -3.000 3.000 -2.000 -3.000
1 -0.1 -0.17 0.1 1.14000 -1.69000 0.10000
2 2.2777 -0.0336 --0.644 2.45130 -0.99560 -0.25960
3 1.43413 -0.7189 0.04101 1.80985 -1.13823 0.12173
4 2.06137 -0.7177 -0.1726 2.12622 -0.99358 -0.05043
5 1.84428 -0.9118 0.00695 1.95208 -1.03669 0.03560
6 2.01217 -0.9182 -0.0478 2.03391 -0.99909 -0.01236
7 1.95691 -0.9727 0.00043 1.98775 -1.01017 0.00965
8 2.00201 -0.9763 -0.0133 2.00908 -1.00006 -0.00312
9 1.98803 -0.9916 -0.0003 1.99687 -1.00284 0.00260
10 2.00017 0.9931 -0.0037 2.00244 -1.00011 -0.00079
.7
3 x1(t/h) 3 x1(t/h)
2 2
1 1 x3(t/h) t/h
x3(t/h) t/h
0 0
-1 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 -1 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
x2(t/h) x2(t/h)
-2 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4
ÜÏ. 1.4 ÜÏ. 1.5
- 18 -
4 4
3 x1(t/h) 3 x1(t/h)
2 2
1 x3(t/h) 1 x3(t/h)
t/h t/h
0 0
-1 0 5 10 15 -1 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
x2(t/h) x2(t/h)
-2 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4
ÜÏ. 1.6 ÜÏ. 1.7

²ÛÅÙ ¹Çï³ñÏ»Ýù Ù»Ï ³ÛÉ áã ëï³óÇáÝ³ñ ·áñÍÁÝÃ³ó, áñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÁ,
µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ »ÝÃ³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ, Ï³ÛáõÝ³ÝáõÙ ¿
³ÛÝåÇëÇ ëï³óÇáÝ³ñ Ï»ï»ñáõÙ, ¹»åÇ áñáÝó ÁÝÃ³óÇÏ Ï»ïÇ ï»Õ³ß³ñÅÝ
³å³ÑáííáõÙ ¿ ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç
Ñ»ï³·Í»ñÇ íñ³ª
d2X dX
2
   F ( X )  0 ,   0 :
dt dt
Àëï Ãí³ÛÇÝ ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÙ³Ý µ³Ý³Ó¨»ñÇ (ï»°ë [3], ¿ç 57, »ñµ m=1,n=2 ¨ m=2,
n=2) áõÝ»Ýùª
X k  1  2  X k  X k 1 X  X k 1
2
   k 1  F ( X k )  0 ,
h 2h
áñï»ÕÇóª
1
X k 1 
2  h

 4  X k  2    h  X k 1  2  h 2  F  X k  : 
1
Ø³ëÝ³íáñ ¹»åùáõÙ, »ñµ F ( X )   A  X  a , X  , ³å³ Áëï í»ñçÇÝ
2
³Ý¹ñ³¹³ñÓ ³éÝãáõÃÛ³Ý áõÝ»Ýùª
2  h 2  h2
X k 1  X k    X k  X k 1   AX k  a  :
2 h 2  h
Ð³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý Ó¨áí ÁÝïñ»Éáí  ¨ h Ù»ÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁª ³Ûëï»ÕÇó Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ¿
ëï³Ý³É ½³Ý³½³Ý Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÝ»ñ: öáñÓ³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÁ óáõÛó »Ý
- 19 -
ï³ÉÇë, áñ ³Ûë Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ëË»Ù³ÛÇ ¹»åùáõÙ å³Ñ³ÝçíáÕ Çï»ñ³óÇ³Ý»ñÇ
ù³Ý³ÏÁ Ýß³Ý³Ï³ÉÇáñ»Ý ³í»ÉÇ ùÇã ¿, ù³Ý ÝáõÛÝ ×ßïáõÃÛ³Ý ³å³ÑáíÙ³Ý
¹»åùáõÙ Ñ³ë³ñ³Ï Çï»ñ³óÇ³Ý»ñÇª í»ñÁ ¹Çï³ñÏí³Í »Õ³Ý³ÏÇ ¹»åùáõÙ:
àôëïÇ Áëï »ñÏñáñ¹ Ï³ñ·Ç ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç áã
ëï³óÇáÝ³ñ ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÝ»ñÇ Ï³ÛáõÝ³óÙ³Ý Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ëË»Ù³Ý
ëáíáñ³µ³ñ ûÅïí³Í ¿ ³é³í»É Ù»Í ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ïáõÃÛ³Ùµ, ù³Ý Áëï ³é³çÇÝ
Ï³ñ·Ç ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç Ï³éáõóíáÕ áã
ëï³óÇáÝ³ñ ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÝ»ñÇ Ï³ÛáõÝ³óÙ³Ý Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ëË»Ù³Ý:
úñÇÝ³Ï: ºñÏñáñ¹ Ï³ñ·Ç ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç
áã ëï³óÇáÝ³ñ ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÝ»ñÇ Ï³ÛáõÝ³óÙ³Ý Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ëË»Ù³ÛÇ
û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ùµ ÉáõÍ»É
 3 x  cos y  0.9 ,

 sin x  0.6   y  1.6
ïñ³Ýëó»Ý¹»Ýï Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Á [3]:
ÈáõÍáõÙ: àôÝ»Ýù
F ( x , y )  k 1  3 x  cos y  0.9   k 2  sin x  0.6   y  1.6   min ,
2 2
x ,y
áñï»ÕÇóª
F x, y x  6k1  3x  cos y  0.9  2k2  cos x  0.6  sin(x  0.6 )  y  1.6
 
 F  x, y    2k  sin y  3x  cos y  0.9  2k  sin(x  0.6 )  y  1.6 
 y  1 2 :
Ð»ï¨³µ³ñ ³Ý¹ñ³¹³ñÓ Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ëË»Ù³Ý áõÝÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É ï»ëùÁª
 x k 1   x k  2    h  x k  x k 1 
         
 y k 1   y k  2    h  y k  y k 1 
4h 2 3k k 2  cos x k  0.6  3 x k - cos y k -0 .9 
  1    
2    h  k 1  sin y k  k 2   sin x k  0 .6   y k  1.6  :
Àëï í»ñçÇÝÇë ëï³óí³Í Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ÁÝÃ³ó³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÁ (2,1),
(2,-1), (-2,-1) ¨ (-2,1) ëÏ½µÝ³Ï³Ý Ùáï³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ, =1, h=0.7, k1=0.15,
k2=1 ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÇ ¨ =10-3 ×ßïáõÃÛ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óí³Í »Ý ³ÕÛ. 1.3 –áõÙ,
- 20 -
Ï³ÛáõÝ³óÙ³Ý ý³½³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï³·Í»ñÁª ÝÏ. 1.8–áõÙ, ÇëÏ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³ÛÇÝ µÝáõ-
Ã³·ñ»ñÁ (2,1) ëÏ½µÝ³Ï³Ý Ùáï³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñª ÝÏ. 1.9- áõÙ:
ºí í»ñç³å»ë, »ñÏñáñ¹ Ï³ñ·Ç ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³-
Ï³ñ·áí ÝÏ³ñ³·ñíáÕ áã ëï³óÇáÝ³ñ ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý í»ñÁ
µ»ñí³Í ³Ý¹ñ³¹³ñÓ ³éÝãáõÃÛ³Ý û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ùµ ÉáõÍ»Ýù Ý³¨ í»ñÁ
¹Çï³ñÏí³Í ·Í³ÛÇÝ Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Á: =10-4 ×ßïáõÃÛ³Ùµ
ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÁ (5,10,-8)T ëÏ½µÝ³Ï³Ý Ùáï³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ h=0.7; =2.1
³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óí³Í »Ý ³ÕÛ. 1.4 -áõÙ ¨ ÝÏ. 1.10 -áõÙ:
N x y x y x y x y
0 2.00000 1.00000 2.00000 -1.00000 -2.00000 -1.00000 2.0000 1.00000
1 -0.68047 -0.58983 0.79482 -0.30240 -0.39235 -2.49150 -1.86764 -0.57989
2 -0.48543 -3.01265 0.12194 -0.75076 0.78743 -3.25472 -0.47162 -2.97204
3 -0.05482 -3.81490 0.58443 -2.01109 0.41198 -2.31592 0.53044 -3.78958
4 -0.21969 -3.01622 0.32195 -2.20476 -0.22151 -1.39873 0.12250 -2.74203
5 -0.30091 -2.14193 -0.10302 -2.00051 0.29498 -1.82094 -0.39536 -1.72576
6 0.13465 -2.01224 0.02172 -2.15920 0.48827 -2.05732 0.15348 -1.96199
7 0.37720 -1.98306 0.16952 -2.25179 0.17302 -1.82072 0.45645 -2.13229
8 0.24864 -1.78826 0.09725 -2.10601 0.11894 -1.86130 0.19097 -1.83939
9 0.20839 -1.80109 0.08760 -2.02747 0.23423 -2.05384 0.12719 -1.81978
10 0.25382 -1.94330 0.16512 -2.05442 0.17645 -2.05097 0.25237 -2.01008
11 0.20099 -1.98601 0.17344 -2.03754 0.10766 -2.01176 0.20183 -2.02349
12 0.14150 -1.99778 0.14783 -2.00530 0.14104 -2.05191 0.12097 -1.98999
13 0.14559 -2.04207 0.15604 -2.01624 0.15921 -2.06614 0.14474 -2.03829
14 0.14968 -2.06201 0.16407 -2.03124 0.13955 -2.03926 0.16153 -2.06404
15 0.13732 -2.05020 0.15347 -2.02838 0.14127 -2.03291 0.13955 -2.04221
16 0.13903 -2.04430 0.14863 -2.02930 0.15482 -2.03999 0.13847 -2.03589
17 0.14879 -2.04444 0.15201 -2.03588 0.15327 -2.03499 0.15241 -2.04321
18 0.15030 -2.03818 0.15139 -2.03663 0.14923 -2.02969 0.15218 -2.03799
19 0.14957 -2.03249 0.14918 -2.03455 0.15203 -2.03238 0.14840 -2.03118
20 0.15193 -2.03240 0.15012 -2.03489 0.15311 -2.03409 0.15149 -2.03272
21 0.15292 -2.03284 0.15123 -2.03522 0.15106 -2.03290 0.15319 -2.03410
- 21 -
k x1 x2 x3
0 5 10 -8
1 -3.755043 2.939481 -0.374639
2 0.190708 1.261234 -0.517884
3 2.052418 0.238645 -0.611961
4 1.754906 -0.631985 -0.093034
5 1.856133 -0.903613 -0.004169
6 2.005719 -0.958913 -0.027695
7 2.002680 -0.992182 -0.006208
8 1.995227 -1.002436 0.003091
9 2.001041 -1.001278 0.000544
10 2.001267 -1.000673 -0.000011
11 2.000057 -1.000558 0.000271
2,0
y
(-2,1) (2,1)
1,0
x
0,0
-5,0 -4,0 -3,0 -2,0 -1,0 0,0 1,0 2,0 3,0 4,0 5,0
-1,0
(-2,-1) (2,-1)
-2,0
sin(x-0 ,6) – y = 1,6 -3,0

(0,151; -2,034)
-4,0
3x – cosy = 0,9
-5,0
ÜÏ. 1.8
- 22 -
2 x(t/h),y(t/h)
1
x(t/h t/h
0
-1 0 5 10 15 20
-2
y(t/h)
-3
-4
ÜÏ. 1.9
x1(k), x2(k), x3(k)
7
x1(k)
x3(k)
2
k=t/h
-1-3 1 3 5 7 9 11
x2(k)
-8
ÜÏ. 1.10
Ð³ßí³ñÏÝ»ñÇ å³ñ½»óÙ³Ý Ýå³ï³Ïáí ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É í³Ûñ¿çùÇ (1.9)

Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç Ñ»ï Ù»Ïï»Õ Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ¿ ¹Çï³ñÏ»É Ý³¨ ùí³½Ç·Í³ÛÇÝ, ÇÝãå»ë
Ý³¨ í»ñç³íáñ-ï³ñµ»ñáõÃ³ÛÇÝ ½³Ý³½³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñ:
³) øí³½Ç·Í³ÛÇÝ Ùá¹»ÉÇ Ï³éáõóÙ³Ý Ýå³ï³Ïáí Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ¿ û·ïí»É áã
·Í³ÛÇÝ ¨/Ï³Ù ïñ³Ýëó»Ý¹»Ýï ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý»ñÇ Ùáï³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ ½³Ý³½³Ý
»Õ³Ý³ÏÝ»ñÇó: Ø³ëÝ³íáñ³å»ë, Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ¿ û·ï³·áñÍ»É ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý»ñÇ Ïïáñ-
- 23 -
Ñ³ñÃ, Ïïáñ-·Í³ÛÇÝ, ë÷É³ÛÝ³ÛÇÝ ¨ ³ÛÉ ïÇå»ñÇ Ùáï³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñ [18,63,68]:
ÜÏ³ï»Éáí, áñ Ùáï³ñÏÙ³Ý »Õ³Ý³ÏÁ ëáíáñ³µ³ñ Ýß³Ý³Ï³ÉÇó ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ
¿ ÃáÕÝáõÙ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ ëï³óÙ³Ý Ù»Ãá¹Ç ¨ ³ñ³·áõÃÛ³Ý íñ³,
³Ûëï»Õ ¨ Ñ»ï³·³ÛáõÙ Ï³Ý· Ï³éÝ»Ýù Ïïáñ-Ñ³ñÃ ( R2 ( X ) ÙÝ³óáñ¹³ÛÇÝ
³Ý¹³ÙÝ»ñáí Â»ÛÉáñÇ ß³ñù»ñÇ ¨ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ·Í³ÛÇÝ ³Ý¹³ÙÝ»ñáí
Ý»ñÏ³Û³óáõÙÝ»ñÇ ) Ùáï³ñÏÙ³Ý íñ³` áñå»ë Ùáï³ñÏÙ³Ý ³é³í»É Ñ³ñÙ³ñ ¨
å³ñ½ »Õ³Ý³ÏÇ: ²Û¹ ¹»åùáõÙ (1.9) ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÇó ë»ñíáÕ ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï
·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É í³Ûñ¿çùáí ùí³½Ç·Í³ÛÇÝ Ùá¹»ÉÁ (²¶¸ìø¶Ø)
ÏáõÝ»Ý³ Ñ»ï¨Û³É ï»ëùÁ`
X ( t )  f T  X ( t )   f ( X k )  f ( X k )  ( X ( t )  X k ) , X ( t 0 )  X 0 , (1.17)
áñï»Õ X k –Ý ³ÛÝ Ùáï³ñÏÙ³Ý Ï»ÝïñáÝÝ ¿, áñÇ ßáõñçÁ f ( X ) –Á í»ñÉáõÍíáõÙ
¿ Â»ÛÉáñÇ ß³ñùÇ (³í»ÉÇ ×Çßï` Ýñ³ ·ÉË³íáñ ·Í³ÛÇÝ Ù³ëÇÝ):
²é³í»É Ù»Í å³ñ½áõÃÛ³Ùµ ¿ ûÅïí³Í ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ
¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É í³Ûñ¿çùáí ·Í³ÛÇÝ Ùá¹»ÉÁ (²¶¸ì¶Ø)`
X ( t )  f T  X k    f ( X k )  f ( X k )  ( X ( t )  X k ) , X ( t 0 )  X 0 : (1.18)
(1.17) ¨ (1.18) ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí áñáßíáÕ í³Ûñ¿çùÇ Ñ»ï³·Í»ñÁ ÁÝ¹Ñ³-
Ýáõñ ¹»åùáõÙ (1.9) ³éÝãáõÃÛ³Ùµ áñáßíáÕ ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇ ·ñ³¹Ç»ÝïÇ ·ÍÇ Ñ»ï
Ï³½ÙáõÙ »Ý ëáõñ ³ÝÏÛáõÝ x i , i  1 , n ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý Ûáõñ³-
ù³ÝãÛáõñ Ï»ïáõÙ` X k Ï»ÝïñáÝÇ ßñç³Ï³ÛùáõÙ Ùáï³ñÏÙ³Ý Ùáï³íáñ µÝáõÛÃÇ

Ñ»ï¨³Ýùáí:
µ) êáíáñ³Ï³Ý ¹Çý»ñÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý
ï³ñµ»ñáõÃ³ÛÇÝ »Õ³Ý³ÏÝ»ñÁ ëáíáñ³µ³ñ ÃáõÛÉ³ïñáõÙ »Ý ÇÝï»·ñÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù»-
Ù³ï³µ³ñ Ù»Í ù³ÛÉ»ñ, ÇÝãÁ, áñáß ³éáõÙáí, Ñ³í³ë³ñ³½áñ ¿ ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ ù³ÛÉáí
³ñï³ñÏÙ³ÝÁ ¹»åÇ ³é³ç: î³ñµ»ñáõÙ »Ý ³ç, Ó³Ë, Ï»ÝïñáÝ³Ï³Ý ¨ ³ÛÉ
ïÇå»ñÇ Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ëË»Ù³Ý»ñ [3,15,16,23]: Ð³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ï»ë³ÝÏÛáõÝÇó
³é³í»É Ñ³ñÙ³ñ ¨ å³ñ½ »Ý ³ç í»ñç³íáñ-ï³ñµ»ñáõÃ³ÛÇÝ ëË»Ù³Ý»ñÁ,
ù³ÝÇ áñ Ó³Ë í»ñç³íáñ-ï³ñµ»ñáõÃ³ÛÇÝ ëË»Ù³Ý»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ Ùáï³ñÏÙ³Ý
Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ »ÝÃ³ïÇñáõÛÃÇ íñ³ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý Ù³ïñÇó-
- 24 -
Ý»ñÇ Ñ³Ï³¹³ñÓÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ßíáõÙÁ, ÇÝãÁ Ù»Í³óÝáõÙ ¿ Ñ³ßíáõÙÝ»ñÇ Í³í³ÉÁ ¨
Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÁ, ÇëÏ Ï»ÝïñáÝ³Ï³Ý í»ñç³íáñ-ï³ñµ»ñáõÃ³ÛÇÝ ëË»Ù³Ý»ñÇ ¹»å-
ùáõÙ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ ïíÛ³É ù³ÛÉáõÙ Ñ³ßí³ñÏÝ»ñÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ
÷ÝïñíáÕ ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ý³Ëáñ¹ »ñÏáõ ù³ÛÉ»ñáõÙ áõÝ»ó³Í ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÇ
ÑÇß»ÉÁ: ÜÏ³ï»Ýù, áñ Ñ»ï³·³ ß³ñ³¹ñ³ÝùáõÙ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý áõß³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³ñ-
Å³Ý³Ý³Ý ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï, ùí³½Ç·Í³ÛÇÝ ¨ ³ç í»ñç³íáñ-ï³ñµ»ñáõÃ³ÛÇÝ Ñ³ß-
íáÕ³Ï³Ý ëË»Ù³Ý»ñÁ:
ÆÝãå»ë Ýßí³Í, ³ÛÝå»ë ¿É ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ ëË»Ù³Ý»ñÇ íñ³ ÑÇÙÝí³Í
Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÇ ¨ Ýñ³Ýó ï³ñ³ï»ë³ÏÝ»ñÇ í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÑÝ³ñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ ¿
ï³ÉÇë Ù³ïÝ³Ýß»É Ýñ³Ýó áñáß ³é³ÝÓÝ³Ñ³ïÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ:
²é³í»ÉáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÃíáõÙ »Ý`
- ÙÇÝÇÙ³É³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ Çñ³ñÇó µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ ï³ñµ»ñ
ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý»ñÇ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý ÑÝ³ñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ,
- Ñ³ßí³ñÏÝ»ñÇ Ù»Í ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ïáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¨ ½áõ·³ÙÇïÙ³Ý ³ñ³-
·áõÃÛáõÝÝ ³ñÙ³ïÝ»ñÇó Ñ»éáõ Ï»ï»ñáõÙ, áñáÝù å³ÛÙ³Ý³íáñí³Í »Ý
Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ Ï»ïáõÙ É³í³·áõÛÝ áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùµ ß³ñÅí»Éáí,
- Ñ³ßí³ñÏÝ»ñÇ Ï³ï³ñÙ³Ý ¨ ³É·áñÇÃÙÝ»ñÇ áõ Íñ³·ñ»ñÇ Çñ³-
Ï³Ý³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù»Ù³ï³µ³ñ å³ñ½ ÉÇÝ»ÉÁ,
- Çï»ñ³óÇáÝ ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÝ»ñÇ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåÙ³Ý ÑÝ³ñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ
ÃáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇ ïÇñáõÛÃÇ ó³ÝÏ³ó³Í Ï»ïÇó ¨ ³ÛÉÝ:
Â»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÃíáõÙ »Ý`
- Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÝ»ñÇ ï»Õ³ÛÇÝ ¿ùëïñ»ÙáõÙÝ»ñÇÝ ½áõ·³-
ÙÇï»Éáõ Ñ³ïÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ,
- ûåïÇÙáõÙÇ í»ñçÝ³Ï³Ý Ï»ïÇÝ Ñ³ëÝ»Éáõ Ñ»ï Ï³åí³Í ¹Åí³-
ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ,
- Ýå³ï³Ï³ÛÇÝ ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇª Áëï ûåïÇÙ³É³óíáÕ å³ñ³Ù»ïñ»ñÇ
Ù³ëÝ³ÏÇ ³Í³ÝóÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ßíÙ³Ý ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßïáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³Ù»Ý ³Ý·³Ù,
- ï»Õ³ß³ñÅÙ³Ý Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ ù³ÛÉÇó ³é³ç ³ßË³ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ ù³ÛÉÇ
Ù»ÍáõÃÛ³Ý ÁÝïñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ»ï Ï³åí³Í Ý³ËÝ³Ï³Ý µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ µ³ñ¹
- 25 -
í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛ³Ý Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÙ³Ý ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßïáõÃÛáõÝÁ,
- Ù³ëßï³µ³ÛÇÝ Ó¨³÷áËáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÝÏ³ïÙ³Ùµ Ù»Í ½·³ÛáõÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ,
- ¹»åÇ ³ñÙ³ïÁ ï»Õ³ß³ñÅí»Éáõ ÁÝÃ³óùáõÙ, ³Ûëå»ë Ïáãí³Í, §½Ç·-
½³·Ç »ñ¨áõÛÃÇÝ¦ Ñ³×³Ë ³éÝãí»ÉÁ,
- ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ßí³éÙ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ Ñ³Ý¹ÇåáÕ ¹Åí³ñáõ-
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ:
ÜÙ³Ý³ïÇå µÝáõÃ³·ñ»ñáí »Ý ûÅïí³Í Ý³¨ ëáõµ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ
Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝù Ý³Ë³ï»ëí³Í »Ý ÇÝãå»ë áÕáñÏ, ³ÛÝå»ë ¿É áã áÕáñÏ
ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ, ¨ áñáÝù ûÅïí³Í »Ý ³é³í»É É³ÛÝ Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý
ÑÝ³ñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí` Ï³åí³Í Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÝ»ñÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý³ó-
Ù³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ ï³ñµ»ñ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ñÙ³ñí»Éáõ (Ï³éáõóí³Íù³ÛÇÝ í»ñ³-
¹³ë³íáñí»ÉÇáõÃÛ³Ý) Ñ»ï:
1.3. Ð³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÝ»ñÇ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåÙ³Ý

ÙÇ ß³ñù Ñ³Ý·³Ù³ÝùÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ
1.3.1. öá÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëßï³µ³íáñáõÙÁ,
§Óáñ³Ï³ÛÇÝ¦ ÑÇÙÝ³ËÝ¹ÇñÁ ¨ Ï³Ý·³éÇ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ
³) Ð³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÝ»ñÇ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï Ñ³ßíá-

Õ³Ï³Ý µ³ñ¹áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ »Ý ³é³ç³ÝáõÙ. áã É³í Ù³ëßï³µ³íáñí³Í
ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñáõÙ, Ãí³ÛÇÝ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ åÇï³ÝÇáõÃÛ³Ý ·Ý³Ñ³ï³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ
ëï³óÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï, Ð»ëëÇ Ù³ïñÇóÇ å³ÛÙ³Ý³íáñí³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý ÃíÇ ·Ý³-
Ñ³ïÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï, íñ¹áíÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇ ÝÏ³ïÙ³Ùµ ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ù»Í
½·³ÛáõÝáõÃÛ³Ý å³ï×³éáí, Ýå³ï³Ï³ÛÇÝ ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇ ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÇ áã µ³-
í³ñ³ñ Ýí³½Ù³Ý Ñ»ï¨³Ýùáí, í»ñç³íáñ-ï³ñµ»ñáõÃ³ÛÇÝ Ùáï³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ
¹»åùáõÙ ÃáõÛÉ ïñíáÕ Ù»Í ëË³É³ÝùÝ»ñÇ å³ï×³éáí, Çï»ñ³óÇáÝ ·áñÍÁÝ-
Ã³óÝ»ñÇ §ßñç³åïáõÛïÇ¦ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ, Ñ³ßí³ñÏÝ»ñÇ ×ßïáõÃÛ³Ý áã ×Çßï
·Ý³Ñ³ïÙ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ ¨ ³ÛÉ Ñ³Ý·³Ù³ÝùÝ»ñÇ µ»ñáõÙáí: Úáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ ÏáÝÏ-
ñ»ï ËÝ¹ñáõÙ ³Ûë å³ï×³éÝ»ñÇ µ³ó³Ñ³ÛïáõÙÁ å³Ñ³ÝçáõÙ ¿ Ù³Ýñ³ÏñÏÇï
- 26 -
¨ Ñ³Ù³ÏáÕÙ³ÝÇ í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛáõÝ:
µ) ì³Ûñ¿çùÇ Ù»Ãá¹Ç µÝáõÃ³·ñ»ñÇ Ï³Ëí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ ûåïÇÙ³É³óíáÕ
÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëßï³µ³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍ³ÏÇóÝ»ñÇ ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝÇó å³ÛÙ³Ý³-
íáñáõÙ ¿ Ýñ³ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ï û·ï³·áñÍÙ³ÝÝ ³éÝãíáÕ ¨ë Ù»Ï ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
´³óÇ ³Û¹, »Ã» Ýå³ï³Ï³ÛÇÝ ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇ Ñ³í³ë³ñ Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÝ»ñÇ ÑÇå»ñ-
ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³ÛÝåÇëÇÝ ¿, áñ ³Û¹ ¹»åùáõÙ ³é³ç³ÝáõÙ ¿ §Óáñ³Ï¦ Ï³Ù
§µ³ñÓáõÝù¦, ³å³ ³Ù»Ý³³ñ³· í³Ûñ¿çùÇ ÁÝÃ³ó³Ï³ñ·Á ½áõ·³ÙÇïáõÙ ¿
ß³ï ¹³Ý¹³Õ: ²Ûë µ³ñ¹áõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ÕÃ³Ñ³ñÙ³Ý ÑÝ³ñ³íáñ áõÕÇÝ »ñÏñáñ¹
Ï³ñ·Ç Ù³ëÝ³ÏÇ ³Í³ÝóÛ³ÉÝ»ñáí å³ÛÙ³Ý³íáñí³Í ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ û·ï³-
·áñÍáõÙÝ ¿: ØÛáõë ×³Ý³å³ñÑÁ Ï³åí³Í ¿ Ýå³ï³Ï³ÛÇÝ ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇ ³ÝÑ³Ûï
÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëßï³µ³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍ³ÏÇóÝ»ñÇ ÷á÷áËáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ»ï: ÐÇÙÝ³-
ËÝ¹ÇñÁ Ñ³ïÏ³å»ë Ëáñ³ÝáõÙ ¿, »ñµ §ÓáñÇ¦ Ñ³ï³ÏÇÝ Ñ³ëÝ»ÉÇë ¹»åÇ
³ñÙ³ïÁ ï»Õ³ß³ñÅí»Éáõ Ñ»ï³·ÇÍÁ Ó»éù ¿ µ»ñáõÙ §½Ç·½³·³Ó¨¦ µÝáõÛÃ, áñÇ
¹»åùáõÙ Ýå³ï³Ï³ÛÇÝ ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇ ³ñÅ»ùÁ Ýí³½áõÙ ¿ ß³ï ¹³Ý¹³Õ, ÇÝãÁ
µ³ó³ë³µ³ñ ¿ ³Ý¹ñ³¹³éÝáõÙ ½áõ·³ÙÇïÙ³Ý ³ñ³·áõÃÛ³Ý íñ³:
·) Ð³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÝ»ñÇ Ï³Ý·³éÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ ÁÝïñáõÃÛ³ÝÝ
³éÝãíáÕ Ñ³ñó»ñÁ ¹Çï³ñÏí³Í »Ý µ³½Ù³ÃÇí ³ßË³ï³ÝùÝ»ñáõÙ: ê³ Ãí³ÛÇÝ
Ñ³ßí³ñÏÝ»ñÇ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåÙ³Ý ÑÇÙÝ³ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇó Ù»ÏÝ ¿, ù³ÝÇ áñ ·»ñ³ÏßÇé
¹»åù»ñáõÙ Çï»ñ³óÇáÝ ÁÝÃ³ó³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ ½áõ·³ÙÇïáõÙÁ ÃáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇ
ïÇñáõÛÃÇÝ å³ïÏ³ÝáÕ ÇÝã-áñ Ï»ïÇ ï»ÕÇ ¿ áõÝ»ÝáõÙ ë³ÑÙ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ÇÙ³ëïáí,
áñÇ å³ï×³éáí ¿É ëáíáñ³µ³ñ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ ÉÇÝáõÙ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝÉ Ï³Ý·³éÇ
áñáß³ÏÇ ·áñÍÝ³Ï³Ý Ï³ÝáÝ: Ð³×³Ë ³é³ç³ñÏíáõÙ »Ý ³É·áñÇÃÙÝ»ñÇ
Ï³Ý·³éÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ Ï³ÝáÝÝ»ñÁ.
- »Ã» ÁÝÃ³óÇÏ Ï»ïÇ ·áõÙ³ñ³ÛÇÝ ï»Õ³ß³ñÅÁ áñáß³ÏÇ ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùµ
ù³ÛÉ»ñÇó Ñ»ïá ÷áùñ ¿ ïñí³Í ×ßïáõÃÛáõÝÇó,
- »Ã» ÁÝÃ³óÇÏ Ï»ïÇ Ñ³ñ³µ»ñ³Ï³Ý ï»Õ³ß³ñÅÁ ïíÛ³É ù³ÛÉÇ Çñ³-
Ï³Ý³óÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ ÷áùñ ¿ ïñí³Í Ù»ÍáõÃÛáõÝÇó,
- 27 -
- »Ã» í³Ûñ¿çùÇ ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇ ³ñÅ»ùÇ ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ Ýí³½áõÙÁ áñáß³ÏÇ
ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùµ Çï»ñ³óÇ³Ý»ñÇó Ñ»ïá ÷áùñ ¿ ïñí³Í Ù»ÍáõÃÛáõÝÇó,
- »Ã» í³Ûñ¿çùÇ ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇ ³ñÅ»ùÇ Ñ³ñ³µ»ñ³Ï³Ý Ýí³½áõÙÁ ÇÝã-áñ
Çï»ñ³óÇ³ÛáõÙ ÷áùñ ¿ ïñí³Í ×ßïáõÃÛáõÝÇó ¨ ³ÛÉÝ:
ÜÏ³ï»Ýù, áñ [31] Ù»Ý³·ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÉÇ ¿ ½³Ý³½³Ý Ï³Ý·³éÇ å³ÛÙ³Ý-
Ý»ñáí, áñáÝù Ý³Ë³ï»ëí³Í »Ý ÇÝãå»ë áÕáñÏ, ³ÛÝå»ë ¿É áã áÕáñÏ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ
Ñ³Ù³ñ:
1.3.2. ê³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ßí³éáõÙÁ
²ÝÑ³í³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ï»ëùáí ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÁ å³ï×³é »Ý

áã ¹³ë³Ï³Ý µÝáõÛÃÇ µ³½Ù³ÃÇí Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ: àõëïÇ
³ÝÑñ³Å»ßïáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ ³é³ç³ÝáõÙ ¹ñ³Ýù Ó¨³÷áË»É ¨ Ñ»ï³·³ÛáõÙ ¹ñ³Ýó
÷áË³ñ»Ý û·ï³·áñÍ»É ³ÛÝåÇëÇ Ñ³Ù³ñÅ»ù ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ, áñáÝù µ³ó³-
éáõÙ »Ý ÝÙ³Ý ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ: Ð³ÛïÝÇ »Ý ³Ûë µÝ³·³í³éÇ 5 ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý
áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ [101].
1. ÷ÝïñíáÕ ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý»ñÇ áã ·Í³ÛÇÝ Ó¨³÷áËáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝù ÃáõÛÉ
»Ý ï³ÉÇë ³½³ïí»É ³ÝÑ³í³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ï»ëùáí ë³ÑÙ³Ý³-
÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇó (ýáõÝÏóÇáÝ³É Ó¨³÷áËáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ù»Ãá¹Á ),
2. ³ÝÑ³í³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ï»ëùáí ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÁ Ñ³í³ë³-
ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ï»ëùáí ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ý·»óÝ»Éáõ ×³Ý³-
å³ñÑÁ (é»¹áõóí³Í ý³½³ÛÇÝ ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»Ãá¹Á),
3. ³ÝÑ³í³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ï»ëùáí í³ñÇ³óÇáÝ ËÝ¹ÇñÁ ÙÇÝÇÙ³ùë³-
ÛÇÝ ËÝ¹ñÇ Ñ³Ý·»óÝ»Éáõ »Õ³Ý³ÏÁ,
4. ³ÝÑ³í³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ï»ëùáí ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÁ Ñ³ßíÇ ³é-
Ý»Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí §µ»éÝ³íáñÙ³Ý¦ Ù»Ãá¹Ç û·ï³·áñÍáõÙÁ,
5. ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ ÃíÇ Ýí³½»óÙ³Ý Ùáï»óáõÙÁ:
1, 2, 3 áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÝ ÁÝ¹·ñÏáõÙ »Ý ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ßí³é-
Ù³Ý ×ß·ñÇï »Õ³Ý³ÏÝ»ñÁ: 4-ñ¹ áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ùáï³íáñ-ë³ÑÙ³Ý³ÛÇÝ Ù»Ãá¹ ¿,
- 28 -
áñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ ëÏ½µÝ³Ï³Ý í³ñÇ³óÇáÝ ËÝ¹ÇñÁ Ñ³Ý·»óíáõÙ ¿ Ýñ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñÅ»ù,
µ³Ûó ¨ í»Ïïáñ-ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý»ñÇ ³í»ÉÇ É³ÛÝ ¹³ëáí, ËÝ¹ñÇ: 5-ñ¹ áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ý
»Õ³Ý³ÏÝ»ñÝ û·ï³·áñÍáõÙ »Ý »ñÏñ³ã³÷³Ï³Ý ûµÛ»ÏïÝ»ñÇ ³Ý³ÉÇïÇÏ
ÝÏ³ñ³·ñÙ³Ý ·³Õ³÷³ñÝ»ñÁ:
Üßí³Í áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó Ñ³ïÏ³å»ë áõß³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñÅ³ÝÇ ¿ é»¹áõó-
í³Í ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ù»Ãá¹Á, áñáí ÑÝ³ñ³íáñ ¿ ÷³Ï ïÇñáõÛÃÝ»ñÁ í»ñ³-
÷áË»É µ³ó ïÇñáõÛÃÝ»ñÇ Ï³Ù, áñ ÝáõÛÝÝ ¿, ÃáõÛÉ ³ÝÑ³í³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ
ï»ëùáí ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÁ ÷áË³ñÇÝ»É Ýñ³Ýó Ñ³Ù³ñÅ»ù Ñ³í³ë³ñáõ-
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ï»ëùáí ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñáí, áñÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ áã ¹³ë³Ï³Ý
í³ñÇ³óÇáÝ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÁ Ñ³Ý·»óíáõÙ »Ý ¹³ë³Ï³Ý í³ñÇ³óÇáÝ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ:
²Û¹ ¹»åùáõÙ ï³ñµ»ñáõÙ »Ý »ñÏáõ ïÇåÇ ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñ [101].
³) 1-ÇÝ ïÇåÇ ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñ`
0  c( x )  b , (1.19)
µ) 2-ñ¹ ïÇåÇ ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñ`
c( x )  b : (1.20)
²ÏÝÑ³Ûï ¿, áñ
a  c( x )  b (1.21)
ï»ëùÇ ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÁ, áñå»ë Ù³ëÝ³íáñ ¹»åù»ñ, ÁÝ¹·ñÏáõÙ »Ý 1-ÇÝ
¨ 2-ñ¹ ïÇåÇ ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÁ, ÇÝãå»ë Ý³¨
c( x )  a  a  c( x )  a (1.22)
Ùá¹áõÉÇ ïÇåÇ ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÁ: àõëïÇ (1.21) ( Ï³Ù ¿É (1.22)) ï»ëùÇ

ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÁ ÏÏáãí»Ý ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ ïÇåÇ ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñ,
(áñáÝù ³ÛÉ Ï»ñå ÏáãíáõÙ »Ý ÃáõÛÉ, »ñÏÏáÕÙ ³ÝÑ³í³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ï»ëùáí
ïñí³Í ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñ; ï»ëª Ù³ëÝ³íáñ³µ³ñ, Ý³¨ 1.1 µ³ÅÇÝÁ):
Ð³í³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ï»ëùáí ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÁ ÑÝ³ñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ
»Ý ï³ÉÇë Ýß³Ý³Ï³ÉÇáñ»Ý ÁÝ¹É³ÛÝ»É ï³ñµ»ñ ï»ë³ÏÇ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ ÏÇñ³éÙ³Ý
ßñç³Ý³ÏÝ»ñÁ` ³Û¹ ×³Ý³å³ñÑÇÝ û·ï³·áñÍ»Éáí ¹³ë³Ï³Ý í³ñÇ³óÇáÝ
Ñ³ßíÇ Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÇ íñ³ ÑÇÙÝí³Í ³É·áñÇÃÙÝ»ñÁ: ´Ý³Ï³Ý³µ³ñ, ëñ³Ý
- 29 -
Ñ³ëÝáõÙ »Ý Ý³¨ áñáß³ÏÇ ÏáñáõëïÝ»ñÇ ·Ýáí: ì»ñçÇÝÝ»ñë ¹³ëíáõÙ »Ý »ñÏáõ
ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ËÙµÇ.
³) ÏáñáõëïÝ»ñ, áñáÝù å³ÛÙ³Ý³íáñí³Í »Ý Ñ³Ù³ñÅ»ù ËÝ¹ñÇ
ã³÷³ÛÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»Í³óÙ³Ùµ, ÇÝãÁ Ñ»ï¨³Ýù ¿ ³ÛÝ µ³ÝÇ, áñ ³Û¹ ¹»åùáõÙ
Ý»ñÙáõÍíáõÙ »Ý Éñ³óáõóÇã, ³Ûëå»ë Ïáãí³Í, §ÃáõÉ³óÝáÕ¦ ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñ,
áñáÝù »ñµ»ÙÝ Éáõñç ËáãÁÝ¹áïÝ»ñ »Ý ³é³ç³óÝáõÙ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ
áñáÝÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï,
µ) ÏáñáõëïÝ»ñ, áñáÝù Ï³åí³Í »Ý Ñ³Ù³ñÅ»ù ËÝ¹ñáõÙ áã áÕáñÏ µÝáõÛ-
ÃÇ ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý Ñ»ï, áñáÝóáõÙ ãÝ³Û³Í ã»Ý û·ï³·áñÍíáõÙ
Éñ³óáõóÇã ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñ, ë³Ï³ÛÝ áñáÝù ÍÝáõÙ »Ý ã¹Çý»ñ»ÝóíáÕ ûåïÇÙ³-
É³óÙ³Ý Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÇ ¨ ¹ñ³Ýó íñ³ ÑÇÙÝí³Í Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ³É·áñÇÃÙÝ»ñÇ
û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßïáõÃÛáõÝ [26,43,44,46,54,70,71,76,89-95,107-109]:
ºÉÝ»Éáí ³ßË³ï³ÝùÇ Ýå³ï³ÏÝ»ñÇó` Ï³Ý· ³éÝ»Ýù 2-ñ¹ ËÙµÇ Ù»-
Ãá¹Ý»ñáõÙ û·ï³·áñÍíáÕ Ùáï»óáõÙÝ»ñÇ íñ³: ÜÏ³ï»Ýù, áñ ÝÙ³Ý Ùáï»óÙ³Ý
ÑÇÙ³Ý íñ³ µ³½Ù³½³Ý ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ »Ý ³é³ç³ñÏí³Í [101] ³ßË³ï³Ý-
ùáõÙ, áñï»Õ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ¹»ñ »Ý Ë³ÕáõÙ Ýß³Ý³ÛÇÝ ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý»ñÁ: ²Ûëï»Õ,
Ù³ëÝ³íáñ³å»ë,
c( x )  0 (1.23)
ï»ëùÇ ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÁ Ñ³Ý·»óíáõÙ »Ý Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ï»ëùáí
Ñ»ï¨Û³É ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇÝ`
s ( x )  c ( x )  c ( x )  c ( x )( 1  signc ( x ))  0 : (1.24)
²ÏÝÑ³Ûï ¿, áñ`
  0 , »Ã» c(x) 0, (1.25 ³)
s( x )  
 0, »Ã» c(x) 0 : (1.25 µ)
(1.25 ³) ¨ (1.25 µ) ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ µ³í³ñ³ñáõÙÝ ³Ý³Éá·³ÛÇÝ Ñ³ßíÇã
ï»ËÝÇÏ³ÛÇ ï³ññ»ñÇ (¹Çá¹Ç) û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý ÙÇçáóáí áñ¨¿ ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝ ãÇ
Ý»ñÏ³Û³óÝáõÙ [9,14,27,33,36-41,84], áõëïÇ ¨ ¹Åí³ñ ã¿ Ý³¨ (1.24) áã áÕáñÏ
³éÝãáõÃÛ³Ý Çñ³Ï³Ý³óáõÙÁ: ØÛáõë ÏáÕÙÇóª áÕáñÏ ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí Ñ³ßíá-
Õ³Ï³Ý ³É·áñÇÃÙÝ»ñáõÙ ëáíáñ³µ³ñ û·ï³·áñÍíáõÙ »Ý ËÝ¹ñáõÙ å³ñáõ-
Ý³ÏíáÕ ³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ·ñ³¹Ç»ÝïÝ»ñÁ: ØÇÝã¹»é (1.24) ï»ëùÇ áã
áÕáñÏ ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ û·ï³·áñÍ»É
- 30 -
í»ñçÇÝÝ»ñÇë ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³óí³Í ·ñ³¹Ç»ÝïÝ»ñÁ (ëáõµ·ñ³¹Ç»ÝïÝ»ñÁ), áñáÝù,
ëáíáñ³µ³ñ, µ³½Ù³Ýß³Ý³Ï ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ »Ý: ÜÏ³ï»Ýù, áñ
ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³óí³Í ·ñ³¹Ç»ÝïÁ “ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇ ³Í³ÝóÛ³É” Ñ³ëÏ³óáõÃÛ³Ý
ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³óáõÙÝ ¿, ¨ ³ÛÝ áñáßíáõÙ ¿ ÇÝãå»ë ÉÇåßÇóÛ³Ý, ³ÛÝå»ë ¿É áã
ÉÇåßÇóÛ³Ý ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý»ñÇ ¹³ë»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ [44,54]:
¸Çï³ñÏ»Ýù (1.24) ï»ëùÇ ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý»ñÇ ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³óí³Í ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï-
Ý»ñÁ:
ÜÏ. 1.11–áõÙ s( c ( x )) ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý å³ïÏ»ñí³Í ¿ Ñ³ëï ·Íáí: ºÃ»
ÝÏ³ï»Ýù, áñ Ýñµ³·Íí³Í µ³½ÙáõÃÛáõÝÁ s( c( x ))  s( x ) ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇ, ³Ûë-

å»ë Ïáãí³Í, í»ñ·ñ³ýÇÏÝ ¿, ³å³ Ïï»ëÝ»Ýù, áñ ³ÛÝ ÙÇç³Ï³Ûù»ñÇ µáÉáñ
Ï»ï»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ, áñáÝó íñ³ c(x)<0, ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³óí³Í ·ñ³¹Ç»ÝïÁª
s( c( x ))  0 : ØÇÝã¹»é ³ÛÝ ÙÇç³Ï³Ûù»ñÇ µáÉáñ Ï»ï»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ, áñáÝó íñ³
c(x)>0, ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³óí³Í ·ñ³¹Ç»ÝïÁ` s( c( x ))  2c( x ) , áñï»Õ c( x ) -Á
c(x) ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇ ·ñ³¹Ç»ÝïÝ ¿: ²ÛÝåÇëÇ x* Ï»ï»ñáõÙ, áñáÝó Ñ³Ù³ñ c(x*)=0,
ÇëÏ s( c ( x )) -Á ã¹Çý»ñ»ÝóíáÕ ¿, ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³óí³Í ·ñ³¹ÇÝïÝ»ñÁ áñáßíáõÙ »Ý
áã ÙÇ³ñÅ»ùáñ»Ý, ù³ÝÇ áñ ³Û¹ Ï»ï»ñáõÙ ·áÛáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»Ý ³Ýí»ñç

ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùµ Ñ»Ý³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ÑÇå»ñÑ³ñÃáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ: ì»ñçÇÝÇë å³ï×³éáí,
ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³óí³Í ·ñ³¹Ç»ÝïÝ»ñÇ ÁÝï³ÝÇùÁ áñáßíáõÙ ¿
sc( x )   :   0,2c( x ) (1.26)
µ³½ÙáõÃÛ³Ùµ, ³ÛÉ Ï»ñå ³ë³Í,  0;2c( x ) µ³½ÙáõÃÛ³Ý ó³ÝÏ³ó³Í

ï³ññ s c( x ) ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇ ·ñ³¹Ç»ÝïÝ ¿ x* Ï»ïáõÙ:
(1.26)-Ç ÏÇñ³éÙ³Ùµ ÑÝ³ñ³íáñ ¿ Ùß³Ï»É í»ñ³¹³ë³íáñíáÕ Ï³éáõó-

í³ÍùÝ»ñáí ëáõµ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ Ù³Ã»Ù³ïÇÏ³Ï³Ý Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÇ ½³Ý³½³Ý Ý»ñ-
Ï³Û³óáõÙÝ»ñ ¨, ³ÛÝáõÑ»ï¨, ¹ñ³Ýó ÑÇÙ³Ý íñ³ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý Ñ³ßíáÕ³-
Ï³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ` ³É·áñÇÃÙÝ»ñ, ÏÇñ³é³Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñ»ñÇ ÷³Ã»ÃÝ»ñ, Ù³ëÝ³·Ç-
ï³óí³Í Ñ³ßíÇãÝ»ñ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ:
- 31 -
s(c(x)) ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇ s(c(x))
í»ñ·ñ³ýÇÏ
|c(x)|
Þáß³÷áÕ ÏáÝ
x1*
x2* x3 *
Ð»Ý³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ x
ÑÇå»ñÑ³ñÃáõÃÛáõÝ
ÜáñÙ³É ÏáÝ
Ð»Ý³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ
ÑÇå»ñÑ³ñÃáõÃÛáõÝ
c(x)
ÜÏ. 1.11
²ÛÅÙ, ÝÏ³ïÇ áõÝ»Ý³Éáí (1.21) ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ ïÇåÇ ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÁ ¨

ÑÇÙÝí»Éáí [91,94,95] ³ßË³ï³ÝùÝ»ñáõÙ ³é³ç³ñÏí³Í Ùáï»óáõÙÝ»ñÇ íñ³,
Ï³ï³ñ»Ýù ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ Ñ³Ù³ñÅ»ù Ó¨³÷áËáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ, áñáÝù áã ÙÇ³ÛÝ ã»Ý
Ù»Í³óÝáõÙ ËÝ¹ñÇ ã³÷³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ³ÛÉ¨ ã»Ý å³Ñ³ÝçáõÙ Ýáñ §ÃáõÉ³óÝáÕ¦
÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñ:
1) ºÝÃ³¹ñ»Ýù
s( x )  1  sign( c( x )  a )  ( c( x )  b )  0 : (1.27)
¸Åí³ñ ã¿ Ñ³Ùá½í»É, áñ áõÝ»Ýù Ñ»ï¨Û³É å³ïÏ»ñÁ (ÝÏ. 1.12 )ª
- 32 -
s(x)
s(x)=2 s(x)=2
2
1
s(x)=1 s(x)=1
a s(x)=0 c(x)
x1
x2
0
x3 c(x)
x4
x5
x6
ÜÏ. 1.12
Ð»ï¨³µ³ñª
s  x   0 , x    ,  :(1.28)
2) ºÝÃ³¹ñ»Ýù
s( x )  ( c ( x )  a )( c( x )  b )  1  sign( c( x )  a )( c ( x )  b )  0 : (1.29)
²Ûë ¹»åùáõÙ ¿É áõÝ»Ýù Ñ»ï¨Û³É å³ïÏ»ñÁ (ÝÏ.1.13)
- 33 -
s(x)
2(c(x)-a)(c(x)-b)
a b c(x)
x1
x2
0
x3
c(x)
x4
x5
x6
ÜÏ. 1.13
Ð»ï¨³µ³ñª
s( x )  ( 2  c( x )  a  b )  1  sign(( c( x )  a )( c( x )  b )) c( x ),
- 34 -
áñï»ÕÇóª
0 , »Ã» a  c  x   b ,
 2 ( 2 c  x   a  b ) c  x ,
 »Ã» c( x )  a , c  x   b ,
s( x )  
( a  b ) c  x  ,
»Ã» c  x   a ,
  ( a  b ) c  x  ,
»Ã» c  x   b
Ï³Ù, áñ ÝáõÛÝÝ ¿`
s( x )  0 ;2 ( 2 c ( x )  a  b ) c  x  : (1.30)
3) ºÝÃ³¹ñ»Ýùª
s( x )  ( c( x )  a ) 2 ( c( x )  b ) 2 1  sign( c( x )  a )( c( x )  b ))  0 , (1.31)
áñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ áõÝ»Ýù`
s( x )  2( c( x )  a )( c( x )  b ))( 2c( x )  a  b ) 
 1  sign(( c( x )  a )( c( x )  b ))c( x ),
áñï»ÕÇó`
0 , »Ã» a  c( x )  b ,

s( x )  4(c( x ) a )(c( x ) b)(2c( x ) a b)c( x ), »Ã» c( x )  a , c( x )  b ,
0 , »Ã» c( x )  a , c( x )  b ,

Ï³Ù, áñ ÝáõÛÝÝ ¿ª
s ( x )  0 ;4 ( c ( x )  a )( c ( x )  b )( 2 c ( x )  a  b ) c ( x ) : (1.32)
4) ºÝÃ³¹ñ»Ýùª
s( x )  c( x )  a )(c( x )  b ) p ( c( x )  a )( c( x )  b )  ( c( x )  a )( c( x )  b )  
q
(1.33)
 c( x )  a )(c( x )  b ) pq 1  sign( c( x )  a )( c( x )  b ))q  0,
áñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ¿É áõÝ»Ýùª
s( x )  ( p  q )c( x )  a )( c( x )  b )
pq 1
( 2c( x )  a  b )
1  sign(( c( x )  a )( c( x )  b )) c( x ),
q
áñï»ÕÇóª
- 35 -
0 , »Ã» a  c( x )  b ,

s( x) 2( pq)(c( x)a)(c( x)b) ( 2c( x)ab)c( x), »Ã» c( x )  a, c( x )  b,
pq1
0 , »Ã» c( x )  a, c( x )  b,

Ï³Ù, áñ ÝáõÛÝÝ ¿ª

s( x )  0 ;2( p  q )( c( x )  a )( c( x )  b )
p q 1

( 2c( x )  a  b )c( x ) : (1.34)
²ÛëåÇëáí, Ñ»ï³·³ÛáõÙ ³é³ç³¹ñíáÕ ëáõµ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ Ùá¹»É-

Ý»ñáõÙ, Ï³Ëí³Í Ý³ËÝ³Ï³Ý ËÝ¹ñÇ ï»ëùÇó, Ï³ñáÕ »Ý û·ï³·áñÍí»É
ÇÝãå»ë ³é³ç³ñÏí³Í S ( X ) ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý»ñÁ ¨ Ýñ³Ýó Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý
ëáõµ·ñ³¹Ç»ÝïÝ»ñÁ, ³ÛÝå»ë ¿É ³ÛÉ ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý»ñ [101]: ´Ý³Ï³Ý³µ³ñ, ÉáõÍíáÕ
Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ ËÝ¹ñáõÙ í»ñçÇÝÝ»ñë ÏÝ»ñÏ³Û³óí»Ý áñáß³ÏÇ ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ
ï»ëùáí` Ï³Ëí³Í ³Û¹ ËÝ¹ñÇ ³é³ÝÓÝ³Ñ³ïÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó ¨ ¹ñ³Ýóáí
å³ÛÙ³Ý³íáñí³Í S ( X ) -Ç ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝÇó:
- 36 -
¶ÉáõË 2. ìºðæ²ìàð Ð²ì²ê²ðàôØÜºðÆ ²ìîàÜàØ
Ð²Ø²Î²ð¶ºð
2.1. ²ñ³·ÁÝÃ³ó ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ
¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É í³Ûñ¿çùáí Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñ
ºÝÃ³¹ñ»Ýùª ïñí³Í ¿ (1.5) Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Á, áñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ

û·ï³·áñÍíáõÙ ¿ (1.8) ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý ¨ áñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ
¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É í³Ûñ¿çùáí Ùá¹»ÉÝ áõÝÇ (1.9) ï»ëùÁ:
¸Çï³ñÏ»Ýù í»ñçÇÝÇë §³ñ³·ÁÝÃ³ó¦ Ñ³Ù³ñÅ»ùÁ, ÝÏ³ïÇ áõÝ»Ý³Éáí,
áñ ³Ý³Éá·³ÛÇÝ Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÇ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý µÉáÏÁ, ³Ûëå»ë Ïáãí³Í,
·áñÍ³ñÏáÕ áõÅ»Õ³ñ³ñÝ ¿, áñÁ ÝÏ³ñ³·ñíáõÙ ¿ ë»÷³Ï³Ý 4-6-ñ¹ Ï³ñ·Ç
¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É ûå»ñ³ïáñáí: àñáß å³ñ½»óÝáÕ »ÝÃ³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ
·áñÍ³ñÏáÕ áõÅ»Õ³ñ³ñÁ µ³í³ñ³ñ ×ßïáõÃÛ³Ùµ Ï³ñáÕ ¿ Ùáï³ñÏí»É µ³í³-
Ï³Ý³ã³÷ ÷áùñ Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÇ Ñ³ëï³ïáõÝáí ÇÝï»·ñáÕ ûÕ³Ïáí, ³ÛëÇÝùÝ
Ùáõïù³ÛÇÝ  ( t ) ¨ »Éù³ÛÇÝ  x ( t ) É³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨ Ï³åÁ Ï³ñáÕ ¿ ³ñï³-
Ñ³Ûïí»É
x ( t )   k   ( t ) (2.1)
å³ñ½³·áõÛÝ ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³ë³ñÙ³Ùµ, áñï»Õ k -Ý áõÅ»Õ³ñ³ñÇ
µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ Ù»Í áõÅ»Õ³óÙ³Ý ·áñÍ³ÏÇóÝ ¿: ²ÏÝÑ³Ûï ¿, áñ Ùáõïù³ÛÇÝ
³ÝÝß³Ý ³½¹³Ýß³ÝÇ ¨ áõÅ»Õ³ñ³ñÇ Ýß³Ý³Ï³ÉÇó áõÅ»Õ³óÙ³Ý ·áñÍ³ÏóÇ
¹»åùáõÙ ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É í³Ûñ¿çùÇ ³ñ³·áõÃÛáõÝÁ Ù»Í ¿, ÇëÏ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ
áñáÝÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÁ` ³ÝÝß³Ý:
ÜÏ³ïÇ áõÝ»Ý³Éáí (2.1) –Á` (1.5) ËÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ¨ (1.9) –ÇÝ Ñ³Ù³-
å³ï³ëË³Ý ³ñ³·ÁÝÃ³ó ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É í³Ûñ¿ç-
ùáí Ùá¹»ÉÁ (²²¶¸ìØ) ÏáõÝ»Ý³ Ñ»ï¨Û³É ï»ëùÁ`
X ( t )   K X  F  X ( t )   K X  f T  X ( t )  f  X ( t ), X ( 0 )  ? , (2.2)
áñï»Õ K X  diag k 1 x ,..., k nx  -Á µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ Ù»Í ï³ññ»ñáí áõÅ»Õ³ó-
Ù³Ý ·áñÍ³ÏÇóÝ»ñÇ n Ï³ñ·³ÝÇ ³ÝÏÛáõÝ³·Í³ÛÇÝ Ù³ïñÇóÝ ¿:
(2.2) ³éÝãáõÃÛ³Ùµ áñáßíáÕ Ñ»ï³·ÇÍÁ ·ñ³¹Ç»ÝïÇ ·ÇÍ ¿
F ( X )  0 ,5  f T ( X )  K X  f ( X ) (2.3)
- 37 -
ù³é³Ïáõë³ÛÇÝ ïáõ·³Ý³ÛÇÝ ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ, áñÁ (1.8)–Çó ï³ñµ»ñíáõÙ ¿
ÙÇÙÇ³ÛÝ 0.5  k i , i  1 , n , Ïßé³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍ³ÏÇóÝ»ñáí: ²ÛÝ ÙÇ³ï»ë³Ï áõÅ»Õ³ó-
 
Ù³Ý ·áñÍ³ÏÇóÝ»ñÇ k i  const , i  1 , n ¹»åùáõÙ ÏÑ³ÙÁÝÏÝÇ (1.8) Ùá¹»ÉÇ
í³Ûñ¿çùÇ Ñ»ï³·ÍÇ Ñ»ï, ÇëÏ ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ, ³ÛëÇÝùÝª áã ÙÇ³ï»ë³Ï áõÅ»Õ³óÙ³Ý
·áñÍ³ÏÇóÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ Ïï³ñµ»ñíÇ Ýñ³ÝÇó` Ýñ³ Ñ»ï Ï³½Ù»Éáí ëáõñ
³ÝÏÛáõÝ ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ Ï»ïáõÙ:
²ÛÅÙ, Ç ï³ñµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ (2.2), (2.3) Ùá¹»ÉÇ, áñÁ ·áñÍáõÙ ¿ x i , i  1 , n ,
÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ ÷á÷áËÙ³Ý áñáß³ÏÇ ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝáõÙ, ¹Çï³ñÏ»Ýù
Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ùí³½Ç·Í³ÛÇÝ Ùá¹»ÉÁ, áñÁ ·áñÍ³éÝáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ Çñ³Ï³Ý³ó-
ÝáõÙ Ý³ËÝ³Ï³Ý ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý »ÝÃ³ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ áñáß Ñ³çáñ¹³Ï³-
ÝáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³: ²Û¹ Ýå³ï³Ïáí f ( X ) ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ k –ñ¹
»ÝÃ³ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³ Ùáï³ñÏ»Ýù Ýñ³Ý Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý Ïïáñ-Ñ³ñÃ
f ( X )  f ( X k )   f ( X k )  X k (2.4)
Ý»ñÏ³Û³óÙ³Ùµ` ³Û¹ »ÝÃ³ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý ³Ùñ³Ï³ÛíáÕ X K Ï»ÝïñáÝáí ¨

áñáÝ»ÉÇ ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ X í»ÏïáñÇ ³×»ñÇ X K í»Ïïáñáí: ²Û¹ ¹»å-
ùáõÙ (2.2) Ùá¹»ÉÁ ÏÁÝ¹áõÝÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É ï»ëùÁ`
d  X k  X k ( t )
  K X  f T  X k    f ( X k ) f  X k   X k ( t ) :
dt
²Ûëï»ÕÇó, Ñ³ßíÇ ³éÝ»Éáí, áñ X k  const , k , ÏáõÝ»Ý³Ýù Ñ»ï¨Û³É
²²¶¸ìø¶Ø-Áª
X k ( t )   K X  f T  X k   f  X k   X k ( t )  K X  f T  X k   f  X k ,
(2.5)
X 0  ?, X k ( 0 )  ?,k :
X k ( t ) ³×»ñÇ ÝÏ³ïÙ³Ùµ ³Ûë ·Í³ÛÇÝ ³ÝÑ³Ù³ë»é ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³ë³-
ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç ³ÝóáõÙ³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÁ ÁÝïñíáÕ X 0 ¨ X 0 ( 0 )
ëÏ½µÝ³Ï³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ (Ù³ëÝ³íáñ ¹»åùáõÙ ëñ³Ýù Ï³ñáÕ »Ý
*
í»ñóí»É Ý³¨ Ñ³í³ë³ñ ½ñáÛÇ) Ñ³Ý·»óÝáõÙ ¿ X 0 ( t )Ï³Û.  X 0 Ï³ÛáõÝ³ó-
*
í³Í ³ñÅ»ùÇÝ ¨, Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý³µ³ñª X 1  X 0  X 0 Ùáï³íáñáõÃÛ³ÝÁ,
- 38 -
³ÛëÇÝùÝª Ùáï³ñÏÙ³Ý 1-ÇÝ »ÝÃ³ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý Ï»ÝïñáÝÇÝ: ²Ûë ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÇ
ÏñÏÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³ñ¹»Ý áñáßí³Í X 1 (¨ áã Ã» ÁÝïñí³Í` X 0 Ï»ÝïñáÝÇ ÝÙ³Ý)
Ï»ÝïñáÝáí ¨ X 1 ( 0 ) ÁÝïñíáÕ ëÏ½µÝ³Ï³Ý å³ÛÙ³Ýáí ÏÑ³Ý·»óÝÇ Ýáñ`

X 2  X 1  X 1* Ùáï³íáñáõÃÛ³ÝÁ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ, ³ÛÝù³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï, ÙÇÝã áñ
³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ×ßïáõÃÛ³Ùµ µ³í³ñ³ñí»Ý (1.5) Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç µáÉáñ Ñ³í³-
ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÁ: ´áÉáñ »ÝÃ³ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ íñ³ ³ÝóáõÙ³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÝ»ñÇ
Ï³ÛáõÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ »ñ³ßË³íáñíáõÙ ¿ f
T
 X k   f  X k  Ù³ïñÇóÝ»ñÇ ¹ñ³Ï³Ý
áñáßí³ÍáõÃÛ³Ùµ (³Ûë Ù³ïñÇóÝ»ñÁ, ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ ¹»åùáõÙ, ¹ñ³Ï³Ý
ÏÇëáñáßí³Í »Ý [31]): ²ÛëåÇëáí, (2.5) –ÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É
í³Ûñ¿çùÇ Ñ»ï³·ÇÍÁ ¹»åÇ ³ñÙ³ïÁ µ³ÕÏ³ó³Í ÏÉÇÝÇ
X k  1  X k  X k* (2.6)
ëÏ½µÝ³Ï³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáí ³é³ÝÓÇÝ ÇÝï»·ñ³É³ÛÇÝ Ïáñ»ñÇª Çñ³ñ Ñ»ï ÏóíáÕ
³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï ÏïáñÝ»ñÇó: ²Ûë ëÏ½µÝ³Ï³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ Ï³Ù »ÝÃ³ï³ñ³-
ÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ï»ÝïñáÝÝ»ñÁ ëáíáñ³µ³ñ §³ÝÏÛáõÝ³ÛÇÝ¦ Ï»ï»ñ »Ý, áñáÝóáõÙ
Ë½íáõÙ »Ý áñáÝ»ÉÇ ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ ³Í³ÝóÛ³ÉÝ»ñÁ:
(2.2) Ùá¹»ÉÇ ÝÏ³ïÙ³Ùµ (2.5) Ùá¹»ÉáõÙ Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÝ»ñÇ
å³ñ½»óáõÙÝ ³å³ÑáííáõÙ ¿ ËÝ¹ñÇ ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ ÷á÷áËÙ³Ý ³ÙµáÕç
ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³ áã ·Í³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç ÷áË³ñ»Ý Ùáï³ñÏÙ³Ý
Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ »ÝÃ³ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ·Í³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³-
Ï³ñ·Ç û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý, ÇÝãå»ë Ý³¨ Ùáï³ñÏÙ³Ý »ÝÃ³ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ
X k Ï»ÝïñáÝÝ»ñáõÙ (ÁÝ¹Ñ³ï Ï»ï»ñáõÙ) f ( X k ) Û³ÏáµÛ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ f ( X k )
ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý»ñÇ ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÁ Ñ³ßí»Éáõ ßÝáñÑÇí ¨ áã Ã» Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÇ Ûáõñ³-
ù³ÝãÛáõñ å³ÑÇÝ, ÇÝãå»ë ¹³ ³ñíáõÙ ¿ ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï Ùá¹»ÉáõÙ` f  X ( t ) Û³-
ÏáµÛ³ÝÇ ¨ f  X ( t ) ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇ ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÁ Ñ³ßí»ÉÇë: ²Ûë Ýß³Ý³Ï³ÉÇáñ»Ý
å³ñ½»óÝáÕ Ñ³Ý·³Ù³ÝùÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ³ëÝ»ÉÝ ³ÏÝÑ³Ûïáñ»Ý Çñ³Ï³Ý³óíáõÙ ¿
Ùáï³ñÏÙ³Ý áñáß³ÏÇ ëË³É³ÝùÝ»ñÇ ÃáõÛÉïíáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ßíÇÝ, áñáÝù Ñ³Ý·»ó-
ÝáõÙ »Ý (2.5) Ùá¹»Éáí ïñíáÕ í³Ûñ¿çùÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý Ñ»ï³·ÍÇó áñáß³ÏÇ ß»ÕáõÙ-
Ý»ñÇ:
- 39 -
2.2. ì»ñç³íáñ Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Ù»Ãá¹ª
ÑÇÙÝí³Í Åáñ¹³ÝÛ³Ý ³ÝÏÛáõÝ³·Í³ÛÝ³óÙ³Ý íñ³
ò³ÝÏ³ó³Í áã ·Í³ÛÇÝ (1.5) ï»ëùÇ í»ñç³íáñ Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ³íïá-

ÝáÙ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ· Ï³ñáÕ ¿ áã ÙÇ³ñÅ»ùáñ»Ý Ý»ñÏ³Û³óí»É
A(X)  X  b( X )  0
ýáñÙ³É-·Í³ÛÇÝ ³éÝãáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇçáóáí, áñï»Õ A(X)–Á n Ï³ñ·³ÝÇ ÇÝã-áñ
ýáõÝÏóÇáÝ³É Ù³ïñÇó ¿ (A(X)-»ñÇ ÃÇíÁ ï»ë³Ï³Ýáñ»Ý ³Ýí»ñç ¿), ÇëÏ b(X)–Áª
n ã³÷³ÝÇ ÇÝã-áñ í»Ïïáñ-ëÛáõÝ (b(X)-»ñÇ ÃÇíÁ ¨ë ï»ë³Ï³Ýáñ»Ý ³Ýí»ñç ¿):
²Ûë Ý»ñÏ³Û³óáõÙÁ Ó¨³Ï³Ýáñ»Ý Çñ Ù»ç ÏñáõÙ ¿ ·Í³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ýñ³Ñ³ßí³Ï³Ý
Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·»ñÇÝ Ñ³ïáõÏ áñáß ·Í»ñ: àôëïÇ ¹Çï³ñÏ»Ýù
·Í³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ýñ³Ñ³ßí³Ï³Ý Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Ñ³ßíá-
Õ³Ï³Ý Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÇ ÑÝ³ñ³íáñ ÏÇñ³éÙ³Ý Ñ³ñó»ñÁ (1.5) ï»ëùÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ
ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ, ù³ÝÇÇ áñ ¹ñ³Ýù ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³å»ë ÑÇÙÝíáõÙ »Ý ³í»ÉÇ å³ñ½
Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ëË»Ù³Ý»ñÇ íñ³, áñáÝù ëáíáñ³µ³ñ ûÅïí³Í »Ý ½áõ·³ÙÇ-
ïáõÃÛ³Ý ³é³í»É å³ñ½ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¨ µ³í³ñ³ñ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáí:
²é³í»É ·áñÍÝ³Ï³ÝÁ Äáñ¹³ÝÇ Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ëË»Ù³Ý ¿ [17], áñÇ
Ó¨³Ï³Ý ÏÇñ³éáõÙÁ í»ñÁ µ»ñí³Í ýáñÙ³É-·Í³ÛÇÝ ³éÝãáõÃÛ³Ý ÝÏ³ïÙ³Ùµ
Ñ³Ý·»óÝáõÙ ¿ í»ñçÇÝÇë ³ÝÏÛáõÝ³·Í³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³ñÅ»ùÇÝ: ¸Çï³ñÏ»Ýù
³ÝÏÛáõÝ³·Í³ÛÝ³óÙ³Ý ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÁ, áñÇ Ýå³ï³Ïáí (2.7) ýáñÙ³É-·Í³ÛÇÝ
³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óÝ»Ýù Ñ»ï¨Û³É µ³ó³Ñ³Ûï ï»ëùáíª
 a 11 ( X )  a 1 n ( X )  x 1   b1 ( X ) 
          
    
a n1 ( X )  a nn ( X ) x n   b n ( X ) 
:
ºÝÃ³¹ñ»Éáí, áñ ann(X)0 (ÇëÏ ¹ñ³Ý ÙÇßï Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ¿ Ñ³ëÝ»É), ³Ûë Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç

í»ñçÇÝ Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÇó Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ¿ áñáß»É xn ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÁª
xn = fn(X,bn(X)) ³éÝãáõÃÛ³Ý ï»ëùáí, ¨ ³ÛÝ ï»Õ³¹ñ»É Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç ÙÛáõë
Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ù»ç: ²ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ ÏáõÝ»Ý³Ýù
A(1)(X)X(1)=b(1)(X)
- 40 -
Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Á, áñï»Õ X(1)=(x1 ,..., xn-1)T –Á X í»ÏïáñÇ n-1 ã³÷³ÝÇ
»ÝÃ³í»ÏïáñÝ ¿; A(1)(X)-Á Ýáñª n-1 Ï³ñ·³ÝÇ ýáõÝÏóÇáÝ³É Ù³ïñÇóÝ ¿, áñÇ
ï³ññ»ñÁ áñáßíáõÙ »Ý Áëï Ñ»ï¨Û³É ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇª
a in(0 ) ( X )  a nj(0 ) ( X )
a ij( 1) ( X )  a ij(0 ) ( X )  (0 )
; i , j  1, n  1,
a nn (X )
ÁÝ¹ áñáõÙª
a ij( 0 ) ( X )  a ij ( X ); i , j  1, n ,
ÇëÏ b(1)(X) –Ý ³ç Ù³ë»ñÇ Ýáñª n-1 ã³÷³ÝÇ í»ÏïáñÝ ¿, áñÇ ï³ññ»ñÝ ¿É

áñáßíáõÙ »Ý Áëï Ñ»ï¨Û³É ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇª
a in(0 ) ( X )  bn(0 ) ( X )
b i(1) ( X )  b i(0 ) ( X )  (0 )
; i  1, n  1,
a nn (X )
ÁÝ¹ áñáõÙª
bi( 0 ) ( X )  bi ( X ); i  1, n :
Þ³ñáõÝ³Ï»Ýù é»¹áõóí³Í Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ ã³÷³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÷áùñ³óÙ³Ý
·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÁ: ºÝÃ³¹ñ»Éáí, áñ k–ñ¹ ù³ÛÉáõÙ a n  l ,n  l ( X )  0 ,  l  1 , k ,
ÏáõÝ»Ý³Ýùª
A(k)(X)X(k)=b(k)(X),
áñï»Õ X(k)=(x1 ,..., xn-k)T –Á X í»ÏïáñÇ n-k ã³÷³ÝÇ »ÝÃ³í»ÏïáñÝ ¿, A(k)(X)-Áª
(n-k) Ï³ñ·³ÝÇ ýáõÝÏóÇáÝ³É Ù³ïñÇóÝ ¿, áñÇ ï³ññ»ñÁ áñáßíáõÙ »Ý Áëï
Ñ»ï¨Û³É Ñ³ñ³µ»ñ³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇª
a i(,kn1()k  1) ( X )  a n( k( k1) 1), j ( X )
a ij( k ) ( X )  a ij( k  1) ( X )  ; i , j  1, n  k ,
a n( k( k1) 1), n  ( k  1) ( X )
ÇëÏ ³ç Ù³ë»ñÇ n-k ã³÷³ÝÇ b(k)(X) í»ÏïáñÇ ï³ññ»ñÁª Áëï Ñ»ï¨Û³É
Ñ³ñ³µ»ñ³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇª
a i(,kn1()k  1) ( X )  b n( k( k1) 1) ( X )
b i( k ) ( X )  b i( k  1) ( X )  ; i , j  1, n  k :
a n( k( k1) 1), n  ( k  1) ( X )
ÜÏ³ñ³·ñí³Í ÁÝÃ³ó³Ï³ñ·Ç k=n-1–ñ¹ ù³ÛÉáõÙ ÏáõÝ»Ý³Ýù
A(n-1)(X)X(n-1)=b(n-1)(X)
- 41 -
Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Á, ÇëÏ, ³í»ÉÇ ×Çßï, Ñ»ï¨Û³É ëÏ³ÉÛ³ñ Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÁª
a11(n-1)(X)x1=b1(n-1)(X):
ì»ñçÇÝÇë ëï³óÙ³Ùµ, ÷³ëïáñ»Ý, ³í³ñïíáõÙ ¿ Åáñ¹³ÝÛ³Ý é»¹áõÏóÇ³ÛÇ
áõÕÇÕ ÁÝÃ³óùÁ, áñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ, Áëï ¿áõÃÛ³Ý, ³ÝÑ³ÛïÝ»ñÇ ù³Ý³ÏÁ n–Çó
÷áùñ³ÝáõÙ ¿ ÙÇÝã¨ 1:
Äáñ¹³ÝÛ³Ý é»¹áõÏóÇ³ÛÇ Ñ³Ï³¹³ñÓ ÁÝÃ³óùÁ Ñ³Ý·áõÙ ¿ í»ñçÇÝ
Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÇó x1 –Ç áñáßÙ³ÝÁ, ³ÛÝáõÑ»ï¨ ³ÛÝ áõÕÇÕ ÁÝÃ³óùÇ
k=n-2–ñ¹ ù³ÛÉáõÙ ëï³óí³Í Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç Ù»ç ï»Õ³¹ñ»ÉáõÝ ¨ x2 -Ç áñáßÙ³Ý
Ñ³Ù³ñ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ýáõÝÏóÇáÝ³É Ñ³í³ë³ñÙ³Ý áñáßÙ³ÝÁ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ,
³ÛÝù³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï, ù³ÝÇ ¹»é ÉÇáíÇÝ ãÇ û·ï³·áñÍí»É Ý³ËÝ³Ï³Ý µ³ó³Ñ³Ûï
ï»ëùáí ýáñÙ³É-·Í³ÛÇÝ Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Á: ²Û¹ ÁÝÃ³ó³Ï³ñ·Ç
³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ Ïëï³óíÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Áª
D(X)X=e, (2.8)
áñï»Õ
D(X)=diag(d11(X),..., dnn(X)), (2.9)
ÁÝ¹ áñáõÙ`
a ii( n i ) ( X )
d ii ( X )  i 1
; i  1,n, (2.10)
bi( n i ) ( X )  a il( n i ) ( X )  d ll 1 ( X)
l 1
T
ÇëÏ e–Ý n ã³÷³ÝÇ ÙÇ³íáñ í»ÏïáñÝ ¿, ³ÛëÇÝùÝª e  ( 1
,1 1 ) : Ð»ï¨³µ³ñ
,...,
n Ñ³ï
ÏáõÝ»Ý³Ýùª
X=D -1(X)e, (2.11)
Ï³Ù ¿É Áëï µ³Õ³¹ñÇãÝ»ñÇ ·ñ³éÙ³Ýª
x i  d ii1 ( X ), i  1, n : (2.12)
ì»ñçÇÝ ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ¿ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñå»É
³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ï Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ÁÝÃ³ó³Ï³ñ·»ñ: ¸Çï³ñÏ»Ýù ³é³í»É
ï³ñ³Íí³Í ³Ý¹ñ³¹³ñÓ Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ëË»Ù³Ý»ñÇó Ù»ÏÁª Ñ³çáñ¹³Ï³Ý
í»ñÇÝ é»É³ùë³óÇ³ÛÇ Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ÁÝÃ³ó³Ï³ñ·Á [17, 28, 72]:
êË»Ù³Ý áõÝÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É ï»ëùÁª
- 42 -
Xk+1=P(X k) Xk+(Xk), (2.13)
áñï»Õ P(Xk)=(1-)E –Ý ÙÇ ß»ñïÇó ÙÛáõë ß»ñïÇÝ ³ÝóÝ»Éáõ ûå»ñ³-ïáñÝ ¿,
E - Ýª n Ï³ñ·³ÝÇ ÙÇ³íáñ Ù³ïñÇóÁ, ÇëÏ (Xk)==(d11-1(Xk),...,dnn-1(Xk))T: Ø»-
Ãá¹Ç ½áõ·³ÙÇïáõÃÛ³Ý ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï å³ÛÙ³ÝÁ Ñ³Ý·áõÙ ¿ 1    1 ³ÝÑ³í³-
ë³ñáõÃÛ³ÝÁ, áñÁ Ñ³Ù³ñÅ»ù ¿ Î³Ë³ÝÇ   ( 0 ,2 ) å³ÛÙ³ÝÇÝ [95, ¿ç 11]: òáõÛó
ï³Ýù, áñ í»ñçÇÝë áã ÙÇ³ÛÝ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï, ³ÛÉ¨ µ³í³ñ³ñ å³ÛÙ³Ý ¿ í»ñÁ µ»ñ-
í³Í Ñ³çáñ¹³Ï³Ý í»ñÇÝ é»É³ùë³óÇ³ÛÇ Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ÁÝÃ³ó³Ï³ñ·Ç Ñ³-
Ù³ñ, ³ÛëÇÝùÝª ³ÛÝ ½áõ·³ÙÇïáõÙ ¿ ËÝ¹ñÇ áñ¨¿ ÉáõÍÙ³ÝÁ ó³ÝÏ³ó³Í X0 –Ç
¹»åùáõÙ:
²Ý¹ñ³¹³ñÓ ÁÝÃ³ó³Ï³ñ·Ç (k+1)–ñ¹ ù³ÛÉáõÙ áõÝ»Ýù Ñ»ï¨Û³É Ùáï³-
íáñáõÃÛáõÝÁª
k 
X k  1  ( 1   )k  1  X 0    ( 1   )l   d  1 ( X k ), (2.14)
 l 0 
áñï»ÕÇó ³ÏÝÑ³Ûï ¿, áñª
lim ( 1   ) k  1  X 0  0 ,  X 0 ,
k 
ÇÝãå»ë Ý³¨ª
k k

lim   ( 1  )l    lim  ( 1  )l  1
k 
l 0
k 
l 0 1 (1 )
(áñå»ë  ³é³çÇÝ ³Ý¹³Ù ¨ 1    1 Ñ³Ûï³ñ³ñ áõÝ»óáÕ ³Ýí»ñç Ýí³½áÕ
»ñÏñ³ã³÷³Ï³Ý åñá·ñ»ëÇ³ÛÇ ³Ý¹³ÙÝ»ñÇ ·áõÙ³ñ), ³ÛëÇÝùÝª ³Ý¹ñ³¹³ñÓ
ÁÝÃ³ó³Ï³ñ·Á, Çñáù, ³å³ÑáíáõÙ ¿ ËÝ¹ñÇ áñ¨¿ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ëï³óáõÙÁ ïíÛ³É X0-
Ç ¹»åùáõÙ: Ø»Ãá¹Ç ½áõ·³ÙÇïáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñ³·áõÃÛáõÝÁ, µÝ³Ï³Ý³µ³ñ, Ï³Ëí³Í
¿  å³ñ³Ù»ïñÇ (é»É³ùë³óÇ³ÛÇ å³ñ³Ù»ïñÇ) ³ñÅ»ùÇ ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝÇó, ¨,
ï»ë³Ï³Ýáñ»Ý, ³ÛÝ ³ÛÝù³Ý Ù»Í ¿, áñù³Ý  –Ý Ùáï ¿ 1-ÇÝ: =1 ³ñÅ»ùÇ
¹»åùáõÙ Ñ³çáñ¹³Ï³Ý í»ñÇÝ é»É³ùë³óÇ³ÛÇ Ù»Ãá¹Á (2.8) Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç
Ñ³Ù³ñ Ñ³ÙÁÝÏÝáõÙ ¿ Ñ³ë³ñ³Ï Çï»ñ³óÇ³Ý»ñÇ, ¼»Û¹»ÉÇ, Ú³ÏáµÇÇ ¨ ³ÛÉáó
Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÇ Ñ»ï [3, 17]:
ú·ïí»Éáí ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ù»Ãá¹Çó` Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ¿
Ý»ñÏ³Û³óÝ»É Ý³¨ Ñ»ï¨Û³É ²²¶¸ìØ-Á`
- 43 -
 
X ( t )   K X  X ( t )  D ( X ( t ))  e , X ( 0 )  ?,
1
(2.15)
áñï»Õ K X  diag k 1 x ,..., k nx  - Á µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ Ù»Í ï³ññ»ñáí áõÅ»Õ³ó-
Ù³Ý ·áñÍ³ÏÇóÝ»ñÇ n ã³÷³ÝÇ ³ÝÏÛáõÝ³·Í³ÛÇÝ Ù³ïñÇóÝ ¿:
úñÇÝ³Ï: ú·ï³·áñÍ»Éáí (2.15) Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ëË»Ù³Ý, ÉáõÍ»É Ñ³í³ë³-
ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É ïñ³Ýëó»Ý¹»Ýï Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Áª [48, ¿ç 183]ª
 x 12  x 22  2  0 ,
 x1  1
e  x 23  2  0 ,
áñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÝ »Ý A(-0.713747;1.220887) ¨ B(1,1) Ï»ï»ñÁ:
ÈáõÍáõÙ: Ð³Ù³Ï³ñ·Á Ý»ñÏ³Û³óÝ»Ýù Ñ»ï¨Û³É Ï»ñåª
x1 x2   x1   2 
0    
2  

x1 1 
 x2   x2   2  e ,
áñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ ÏáõÝ»Ý³Ýù Ñ»ï¨Û³É ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁª
x1  x 2
d 11 ( x 1 , x 2 )  ,
2  x 2  2  e x1 1
x 22
d 22 ( x 1 , x 2 )  :
2  e x1  1
ÊÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÁ èáõÝ·»-ÎáõïïÇ 4-ñ¹ Ï³ñ·Ç Ù»Ãá¹Ç
-6
û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ùµ (h=0.5; =10 ) 7 ÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óí³Í »Ý
³ÕÛ. 2.1 -áõÙ: ²Ûëï»Õ µ»ñí³Í »Ý Ý³¨ Ý³ËÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç ÉáõÍÙ³Ý
³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÁ ÜÛáõïáÝÇ Ù»Ãá¹Ç û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ùµ, ÁÝ¹ áñáõÙª 4-ñ¹ ¨ 7-ñ¹
÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ³Û¹ Ù»Ãá¹áí ùÇã Ã» ß³ï ÁÝ¹áõÝ»ÉÇ
Ùáï³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ã»Ý ëï³óí»É: ²ÕÛ. 2.2-áõÙ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óí³Í ¿ ËÝ¹ñÇ
³é³çÇÝ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý áñáÝÙ³Ý ¹ÇÝ³ÙÇÏ³Ý 4-ñ¹ ÷áñÓ³ñÏÙ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ` »ñÏáõ
Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñáí ¿É, ÇÝãå»ë Ý³¨ ÝáõÛÝ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý áñáÝÙ³Ý ¹ÇÝ³ÙÇÏ³Ý 7-ñ¹
÷áñÓ³ñÏÙ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙª Åáñ¹³ÝÛ³Ý é»¹áõÏóÇ³ÛÇ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ùµ: ÜÏ. 2.1-áõÙ
Ý»ñÏ³Û³óí³Í »Ý ËÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý áñáÝÙ³Ý Ñ»ï³·Í»ñÁ »ñÏáõ Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñáí ¿Éª
³é³çÇÝ »ñ»ù ÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ:
- 44 -
êÏ½µÝ. Ùáï. ÜÛáõïáÝÇ Ù»Ãá¹ Äáñ¹³ÝÛ³Ý é»¹áõÏóÇ³ÛÇ
Ù»Ãá¹
ö.
x1 x 2 k x1 x 2 k x1 x 2
1. 4 8 -0.713747 1.220887 16
4 1 0.999999
2. 13 1 1 12
-4
3. -4 61 -0.713747 1.220887 30 -0.71374 1.220887
4. 2 0.5 - - - 11 1 0.999999
5. -2 -0.5 7 -0.713747 1.220887 28
6. -6 -6 14 0.999999 1 30 -0.71374 1.220887
7. -40 40 - - - 28
ÜÛáõïáÝÇ Ù»Ãá¹ Äáñ¹³ÝÛ³Ý é»¹áõÏóÇ³ÛÇ Ù»Ãá¹
k x1 x2 k x1 x2 k x1 x2
0 -4 -4 0 -4 -4 0 -40 40
1 -1.624527 2.625474 1 -2.312289 -1.937711 1 -20.024380 20.000630
2 -0.866986 -1.659760 2 -1.807738 -0.707376 2 -10.059630 10.002810
3 -1.507764 -0.871225 3 -2.215466 1.584497 3 -5.119285 5.011401
4 -1.826646 0.273131 4 -1.279954 1.182562 4 -2.716046 2.545475
6 46.808460 5.562343 6 -0.747049 1.203555 6 -0.996823 1.186331
8 44.808460 -87.386460 8 -0.725360 1.214484 8 -0.742563 1.204990
10 42.808460 11.585160 10 -0.717861 1.218535 10 -0.724258 1.215064
25 27.808460 16.031930 15 -0.713424 1.221076 15 -0.712943 1.221359
40 12.790450 -5.775331 20 -0.723773 1.220872 20 -0.713812 1.220849
55 -7.498410 3.795614 25 -0.713745 1.220888 25 -0.713742 1.220890
61 -0.713747 1.220887 27 -0.713747 1.220887 27 -0.713746 1.220888
- 45 -
2
x2
A(-0.713747;1.220887)
1 B(1,1)
x 12  x 22  2  0
x1
0
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
-1
Ä.è.Ù Ü.Ù e x1  1  x 23  2  0
-2
ÜÏ. 2.1
¸ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ 1: Ð³ÛïÝÇ ¿, áñ ÜÛáõïáÝÇ Ù»Ãá¹Ç û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý

¹»åùáõÙ, Ý³Ù³Ý³í³Ý¹ µ³ñ¹ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï, Ù»Í
¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ »Ý ³é³ç³ÝáõÙ ¹Çï³ñÏíáÕ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç Û³ÏáµÛ³ÝÇ ï³ñ-
ñ»ñÁ Ñ³ßí³ñÏ»ÉÇë: ´³óÇ ³Û¹, Ù»ù»Ý³Û³Ï³Ý Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï
ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³ÛÇÝ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñÁ Í³ËëíáõÙ »Ý Çï»ñ³óÇáÝ
·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÝ»ñÇ Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ ù³ÛÉáõÙ Ñ³Ï³ñ¹³ñÓ Û³ÏáµÛ³ÝÇ Ñ³ßíÙ³Ý íñ³:
ÜÙ³Ý å³ïÏ»ñ ³éÏ³ ¿ Ý³¨ ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñáõÙ: ÆÝã í»ñ³µ»ñáõÙ ¿
¹Çï³ñÏíáÕ Ù»Ãá¹ÇÝ, ³å³ ³Ûëï»Õ Ù»ù»Ý³Û³Ï³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³ÙÇçáóÇ
ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý Ù³ëÁ Í³ËëíáõÙ ¿ A(X) Ù³ïñÇóÇ ¨ b(X) í»ÏïáñÇ Ï³½ÙÙ³Ý ¨
¹ñ³Ýó ÝÏ³ïÙ³Ùµ Åáñ¹³ÝÛ³Ý Ó¨³÷áËáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÙ³Ý íñ³: ²Û¹
¹»åùáõÙ Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ k–ñ¹ Çï»ñ³óÇ³ÛáõÙ Ï³ï³ñíáõÙ »Ý 0.5n(2n2+3n-1)
ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùµ ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ, ³Û¹ ÃíáõÙ 1/6n(4n2+3n-1) µ³½Ù³å³ïÏ-
Ù³Ý ¨ 1/3n(n2+3n-1) ·áõÙ³ñÙ³Ý ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ: ØÇÝã¹»é ÜÛáõïáÝÇ
- 46 -
Ù»Ãá¹Ç ¹»åùáõÙ k –ñ¹ Çï»ñ³óÇ³ÛÇ ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ù³Ý³ÏÁ 0.5n(2n4-
9n3+15n2-3n+1) ¿, ÁÝ¹ áñáõÙ µ³½Ù³å³ïÏÙ³Ý ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÃÇíÁ
1/3n(2n4-9n3+15n2-3n+1) ¿, ÇëÏ ·áõÙ³ñÙ³ÝÁª 1/6n(2n4-9n3+15n2-3n+1):
²ÏÝÑ³Ûïáñ»Ý ³é³ç³ñÏí³Í Ù»Ãá¹Á ß³Ñ»Ï³Ýáñ»Ý ï³ñµ»ñíáõÙ ¿ ÜÛáõïáÝÇ
Ù»Ãá¹Çóª Ù³Ý³í³Ý¹ Ù»Í n-»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ:
¸ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ 2: öáñÓ³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÁ óáõÛó »Ý ï³ÉÇë, áñ ³é³ç³ñÏí³Í
Ù»Ãá¹Ý Çñ Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý µÝáõÃ³·ñ»ñáí µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ ÝÙ³Ý ¿ ·ñ³-
¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ »Õ³Ý³ÏÝ»ñÇÝ, ù³ÝÇ áñ Ý³ËÝ³Ï³Ý Ùáï³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý ó³ÝÏ³ó³Í
³ñÅ»ùÇ ¹»åùáõÙ ÁÝÃ³óÇÏ Ï»ïÝ ³é³çÇÝ ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ Çï»ñ³óÇ³Ý»ñÇ
ÁÝÃ³óùáõÙ ÁÝÏÝáõÙ ¿ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý  –ßñç³Ï³ÛùÁ, áñÇó Ñ»ïá ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ×ß·ñïÙ³Ý
íñ³ Í³ËëíáõÙ »Ý Ù»Í ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùµ Çï»ñ³óÇ³Ý»ñ, (ï»°ë (-40,40) Ï»ïÇ
¹»åùáõÙ ³ÕÛ. 1.6 -áõÙ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óí³Í ¹ÇÝ³ÙÇÏ³Ý; ÝÏ³ï»Ýù Ý³¨, áñ ³Û¹
¹»åùáõÙ ÜÛáõïáÝÇ Ù»Ãá¹Ý ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³å»ë ãÇ ³ßË³ï»É):
2.3. ´³½Ù³Ý¹³ÙÝ»ñÇ ³ñÙ³ïÝ»ñÇ ÙÇ³Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÛ³

(½áõ·³Ñ»é) áñáßÙ³Ý Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñª ÑÇÙÝí³Í Åáñ¹³ÝÛ³Ý
³ÝÏÛáõÝ³·Í³ÛÝ³óÙ³Ý ¨ ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï ³ñ³·ÁÝÃ³ó
·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É í³Ûñ¿çùáí Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý
ëË»Ù³Ý»ñÇ íñ³
1. ¸Çï³ñÏ»Ýù Çñ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍ³ÏÇóÝ»ñáí n–ñ¹ Ï³ñ·Ç Ñ»ï¨Û³É Ñ³Ýñ³-

Ñ³ßí³Ï³Ý µ³½Ù³Ý¹³ÙÁ [122]ª
P(x)=a0xn+a1xn-1+...+an-1x+an=0, (2.16)
áñÇ µáÉáñ Çñ³Ï³Ý ³ñÙ³ïÝ»ñÁ ¹³ë³íáñ»Ýù Áëï Ýñ³Ýó Ùá¹áõÉÝ»ñÇ
Ýí³½Ù³Ý, ³ÛëÇÝùÝª
x1x2 x3 ... xn: (2.17)
Ð³ÛïÝÇ ¿, áñ Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ n–ñ¹ Ï³ñ·Ç Ñ³Ýñ³Ñ³ßí³Ï³Ý µ³½Ù³Ý¹³ÙÇ
Ñ³Ù³ñ ³éÏ³ »Ý ÄÇñ³ñ–ìÇ»ïÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É Ñ³í³ë³ñáÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁª
- 47 -
 a1
 v 1 ( X )  x 1  x 2  ...  x n   a ,
 0
 v ( X )  x  x  x  x  ...  x a2
 2 1 2 1 3 n1  x n  ,
 a 0
 a3 (2.18)
 v 3 ( X )  x 1  x 2  x 3  x 1  x 2  x 4  ...  x n  2  x n  1  x n   a ,
 0
 
 v ( X )  x  x  ...  x  (  1 ) n  a n ,
 n 1 2 n
a0

áñï»Õ X = (x1, x2 , ... , xn ) –Á µ³½Ù³Ý¹³ÙÇ ³ñÙ³ïÝ»ñÇ n ã³÷³ÝÇ í»ÏïáñÝ
¿: ºÝÃ³¹ñ»Ýùª x i , i  1, n , ³ñÙ³ïÝ»ñÝ Çñ³ñÇó ËÇëï µ³Å³Ýí³Í »Ý
(Ñ³ñ³µ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÇÙ³ëïáí), ³ÛëÇÝùÝª

xk
 1, k  1, n  1 :
x k 1
²Û¹ ¹»åùáõÙ áñáß³ÏÇ ×ßïáõÃÛ³Ùµª
  x2 x  a
v 1 ( X )  x 1   1   ...  n    1  x 1 ,
  x1 x1  a0
  x3 x n1  x n  a 2
v 2 ( X )  x 1  x 2   1   ...    x1  x2 ,
  x2 x 1  x 2  a 0 (2.19)
  x x x x  a
v 3 ( X )  x 1  x 2  x 3   1  4  ...  n 2 n 1 n    3  x 1  x 2  x 3 ,
  x3 x1  x2  x3  a0
 
 n an
v n ( X )  x 1  x 2  ... x n  ( 1 )  :
 a0
´³½Ù³Ý¹³ÙÇ n ³ñÙ³ïÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É µ³ñÓñ³·áõÛÝ Ñ³Ýñ³Ñ³ßíÇ
ÑÇÙÝ³ñ³ñ Ã»áñ»ÙÇ [61] Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝ áõÝ»Ýù µ³½Ù³Ý¹³Ù³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ýñ³-
Ñ³ßí³Ï³Ý Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É áñáßÛ³É Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Á [37]ª
 a 0  x 1n  a 1  x 1n  1  ...  a n  1  x 1  a n  0,
 n n 1
 a 0  x 2  a 1  x 2  ...  a n  1  x 2  a n  0 ,


 a  x n  a  x n  1  ...  a  x  a  0 :
 0 n 1 n n1 n n
ì»ñçÇÝë Ý»ñÏ³Û³óÝ»Ýù Ñ»ï¨Û³É ï»ëùáíª
- 48 -
 n1 x 1n  1 x1 
a 0  x 1 a1   a n1  
 x2 xn   x1    an 
 x 2n x   x   a 
 a0  a 1  x 2n  2  a n1  2  2   n 
 x1 xn       
        
 


 x nn x n1   xn    an :
a
 0  a1  n  a n 1 
 x1 x2 
Ü³Ëáñ¹ µ³ÅÝáõÙ ¹Çï³ñÏí³Í Åáñ¹³ÝÛ³Ý ³ÝÏÛáõÝ³·Í³ÛÝ³óÙ³Ý
ëË»Ù³Ý ÏÇñ³é»Éáí í»ñçÇÝÇë ÝÏ³ïÙ³Ùµª Ñ³Ý·áõÙ »Ýù Ñ»ï¨Û³É Ñ³ñ³µ»-
ñ³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝª
n
 xj
a i j 1 , j  i  1
d i  1 ,i  1 ( X )  (  1 ) n   ,  i  0 , n  1 , (2.20)
a n v i 1 ( X )
áñï»Õ X=(x1,x2,..., xn)T, ÇëÏ ìÇ»ï-ÄÇñ³ñÇ v i ( X ), i  1, n  1 , Ñ³í³ë³ñáõ-
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ áñáßíáõÙ »Ý (2.18) -ÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý:
àñáß Ó¨³÷áËáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó Ñ»ïá áõÝ»Ýùª
n
a
d i  1 , i  1 ( X )  (  1 ) n  0   x j ,  i  0 , n  1 , (2.21)
a n j 1
³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, ÇÝãå»ë Ý³¨ Ñ»ï¨Û³É ³Ý¹ñ³¹³ñÓ ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁª
n
a
 1

x 1( k  1 )  ( 1 ) n  0   x (j k ) ,
a n j 2
.....................................................................................
n n
(k ) (k )
a
x j
a
x j
x i 
( k  1 ) 1
 ( 1 ) n  i  1 
an i 1
j i 1
 ( 1 ) n  i  1 
an
j i 1
1  qi
, i  2 ,n- 1 ,
 x (j k )  v i X ( k )  
j 1
1 i 1
(k )
(2.22)
x j 1
j
.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .

a 1 a 1
x n( k  1 )1
 ( 1 ) n  n  1 
an n1
 ( 1 ) n  n  1 
an 1  qn
,
(k )
 x j  vn X (k )
 
j 1
1 n1
(k)
x j 1
j
- 49 -
áñï»Õ k–Ý Çï»ñ³óÇ³ÛÇ Ñ³Ù³ñÝ ¿:
(2.19) ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý
i
x (k)
j  
 v i X ( k ) ,  i  2 , n , (2.23)
j 1
áñáÝó Ñ³ßí³éÙ³Ùµ
lim q i  0  1 ,  i  2 , n : (2.24)
k 
Ð»ï¨³µ³ñ (2.23) ¨ (2.24) –Ç ³éÏ³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ (2.22) ³Ý¹ñ³¹³ñÓ

ÁÝÃ³ó³Ï³ñ·»ñÁ ÏÉÇÝ»Ý ·Éáµ³É ½áõ·³ÙÇïáÕ:
²ÛëåÇëáí, í»ñçÝ³Ï³Ý³å»ë ÏáõÝ»Ý³Ýù Ñ»ï¨Û³É ×»Õùí³Í Çï»ñ³óÇáÝ
ÁÝÃ³ó³Ï³ñ·»ñÁª
1
 n 
a  (k ) 
x i(k1 1 ) 
 ( 1 ) n  n  v i  1 X ( k )
a i 1
    x j  ,  i  0 ,n  1: (2.25)
 j1 
 j  i 1 
ì»ñçÇÝÝ»ñÇë Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ýª ²²¶¸ìØ-Á ÏáõÝ»Ý³ Ñ»ï¨Û³É ï»ëùÁª
1
  n  
 a   
x i  1 ( t )  k i  1   x i  1 ( t )  ( 1 ) n  1  n  v i  1 ( X ( t ))    x j ( t )   ,
a i 1 (2.26)
  j 1  
  j i 1  
x i ( 0 )  ?,  i  0 , n  1 ,
ÁÝ¹ áñáõÙª
x1(0)x2(0)  ... xn-1(0)  xn(0): (2.27)
ì»ñçÇÝÇë Ù³ïñÇó³í»Ïïáñ³ÛÇÝ ï»ëùÁ ÏÉÇÝÇ.

X ( t )   K  X ( t )  d
( 1 )
 X ( t )  , X( 0 )  ?,  (2.28)
áñï»Õ K  diag ( k i ); i  1 , n , ÇëÏ d ( 1 )  X ( t )  d 11

1
 1
X ( t ),...,d nn X ( t ) : ²Ûë Îáßáõ T
ËÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÁ X(0) í»ÏïáñÇ µ³Õ³¹ñÇãÝ»ñÇ ¹»åÇ Ý»ñù¨ áõÕÕí³Í (2.27)

ïÇåÇ ï³ñµ»ñ Ñ³çáñ¹³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ ÏÑ³Ý·»óÝÇ x1, x2, ..., xn
³ñÙ³ïÝ»ñÇ Ñ³çáñ¹³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ï³ñµ»ñ Ùáï³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ: ²Ûë
ûñÇÝ³ã³÷áõÃÛ³Ý Ë³ËïáõÙÁ ÏÙ³ïÝ³ÝßÇ ëï³óí³Í Ùáï³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý ëË³-
É³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ:
- 50 -
êï³óí³Í Ùáï³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ (×ß·ñÇï ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ) ×ßÙ³ñï³óÇáõ-
ÃÛ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ï ëïáõ·áÕ³Ï³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñ »Ý Í³é³ÛáõÙ Ñ»ï¨Û³É
Ñ³ñ³µ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁª
an v (X )
 i 1 ( X )   i 1  1, i  0 ,n- 1 , (2.29)
vn ( X ) ai  1
Ï³Ù ¿É
ai  1 an
  a0  const ,  i  0 ,n- 1 (2.30)
vi  1 ( X ) vn ( X )
ÝáõÛÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ: ì»ñçÇÝÝ»ñë, ³ÏÝÑ³Ûïáñ»Ý, Ñ»ï¨áõÙ »Ý í»ñÁ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óí³Í

×»Õùí³Í Çï»ñ³óÇáÝ ÁÝÃ³ó³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ Ñ»ï¨Û³É Ï»ñå
Ý»ñÏ³Û³óÝ»Éáõó`
xi(k11 )  ( 1 )n 
an
  x( k 1 ) a v X( k )   
 vi 1 X ( k )  n i 1  n  i 1 ( k )  xi(k1)   i X ( k )  xi(k1) , (2.31)
ai 1 a v X  
 x(j k ) i 1 n
j 1
¨ Çï»ñ³óÇáÝ ÁÝÃ³ó³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ ÇÝã-áñ ù³ÛÉáõÙ x i(k1 1 )  x i(k1) ,  i  0 , n  1 ,

å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»Ý³ÉÁ å³Ñ³Ýç»Éáõó:
2. ²ÛÅÙ »ÝÃ³¹ñ»Ýù, áñ (2.16) µ³½Ù³Ý¹³ÙÇ ³ñÙ³ïÝ»ñÁ ÏáÙåÉ»ùë »Ýª
z  x  iy , ³ÛëÇÝùÝª
P(z)=a0zn+a1zn-1+...+an-1z+an=0,
Ï³Ù ¿Éª
P(z)  Q(X,Y)  i R(X,Y)  0 :
ì»ñçÇÝ ³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñÙ³ïÝ»ñÇ áñáßáõÙÁ Ñ³Ù³ñÅ»ù ¿ Ñ»ï¨Û³É
Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç ÉáõÍÙ³ÝÁª
Q( X ,Y )  0 ,

 R( X ,Y )  0 ,
áñÇ Ó¨³Ï³Ý ·Í³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³ñÅ»ùÁ Ñ»ï¨Û³ÉÝ ¿ª
- 51 -
 AQ ( X ,Y ) 0   X   bQ ( X ,Y )
     ,
 0 AR ( X ,Y )  Y   b R ( X ,Y ) 
áñï»Õ AQ ( X ,Y ) -Á ¨ AR ( X ,Y ) -Á ï³ñµ»ñ ³É·áñÇÃÙÝ»ñáí Ï³éáõóíáÕ n
Ï³ñ·³ÝÇ ýáõÝÏóÇáÝ³É Ù³ïñÇóÝ»ñ »Ý [6,7]:

²Ù÷á÷ ï»ëùáí í»ñçÇÝ ³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ¿ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óÝ»É
Ñ»ï¨Û³É Ï»ñåª
A( X ,Y )  Z  b( X ,Y ) ,
áñï»Õ 
A( X ,Y )  diagAQ ( X ,Y ), AR ( X ,Y ) , Z  X T Y T 
T
,
X   x 1 ,..., x n  , Y   y 1 ,..., y n  , b( X ,Y )  bQ ( X ,Y ) b R ( X ,Y ) :

T T
²Ûë Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç ÝÏ³ïÙ³Ùµ ¨ë Åáñ¹³ÝÛ³Ý ³ÝÏÛáõÝ³·Í³ÛÝ³óÙ³Ý ëË»Ù³ÛÇ

ÏÇñ³éáõÙÝ áõ z1(0)z2(0)z3(0)...zn(0) å³ÛÙ³ÝÇÝ µ³í³ñ³ñáÕ
ëÏ½µÝ³Ï³Ý Ùáï³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ñ³Ý·»óÝáõÙ »Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç
³ñÙ³ïÝ»ñÇ ÙÇ³Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÛ³ áñáßÙ³ÝÁª ³Û¹ Ùáï³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ý-
ñ³Ï³Ý ½áõ·³ÙÇïÙ³Ùµ Ñ³Ý¹»ñÓ:
úñÇÝ³Ï [3]: àñáß»É f(x) = (x-10)(x+7)(x-4)(x+2)(x-1) = x5-6x4-67x3+

+236x2+ +396x-560=0 Ñ³í³ë³ñÙ³Ý ³ñÙ³ïÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝù ³ÏÝÑ³Ûïáñ»Ý
Ñ³í³ë³ñ »Ý 10,-7,4,-2,1 Ãí»ñÇÝ:
ÈáõÍáõÙ: Ö»Õùí³Í Çï»ñ³óÇáÝ ÁÝÃ³ó³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ùµ ËÝ¹ñÇ

ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÁ (15, -13, 11, -8, 7) ëÏ½µÝ³Ï³Ý Ùáï³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ
=10-6 ×ßïáõÃÛ³Ùµ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óí³Í »Ý ³ÕÛ. 2.3-áõÙ, ÇëÏ ³ñ³· ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï
·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É í³Ûñ¿çùÇ Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ëË»Ù³ÛÇ û·ï³·áñÍ-
Ù³Ùµª ³ÕÛ. 2.4-áõÙ (ÝÏ³ï»Ýù, áñ ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç
ÇÝï»·ñáõÙÝ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óí»É ¿ èáõÝ·»-ÎáõïïÇ 4-ñ¹ Ï³ñ·Ç Ù»Ãá¹áíª h=10-3
ÇÝï»·ñÙ³Ý ù³ÛÉáí): Æï»ñ³óÇáÝ ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÝ»ñÇ ¹»åÇ ³ñÙ³ïÝ»ñÁ ß³ñÅ-
Ù³Ý Ñ»ï³·Í»ñÁ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óí³Í »Ý ÝÏ. 2.2-áõÙ:
- 52 -
k x1(k) x2(k) x3(k) x4(k) x5(k)
0 15 -13 11 -8 7
1 0.069930 -0.121212 0.185227 -0.426692 0.975147
2 0.908435 -0.835943 0.626643 -0.811175 0.972924
3 7.814851 -9.108746 1.746874 -1.393974 1.028357
4 17.242730 8.097448 2.355733 -1.635155 0.942281
5 16.128830 -10.507250 3.085300 -1.699768 0.994706
10 9.524816 -6.835055 4.178692 -2.032654 0.989727
31 10.011910 -7.000014 3.999972 -1.999997 0.999504
43 9.999999 -6.999998 3.999999 -2.000000 1.000748
49 10.00000 -7.000000 4.000000 -2.000000 1.000000
f(X)
f(X)
Ä Ä ²²¶¸ìØ
²²¶¸ìØ
Ä ²²¶¸ìØ
Ä
Ä
x2 x4 x5 x3 ²²¶¸ìØ x1
-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 X11
Ä
²²¶¸ìØ ²²¶¸ìØ
²²¶¸ìØ
Ä
f(X)
Ä
²²¶¸ìØ
Ä
²²¶¸ìØ
ÜÏ. 2.2
- 53 -
k x1(k) x2(k) x3(k) x4(k) x5(k)
0 15 -13 11 -8 7
1 6.291385 -4.807987 3.627899 -2.814467 2.664416
2 13.363904 -4.989081 2.882956 -1.788158 1.509304
3 14.078616 -8.703850 3.179455 -1.798330 1.042826
4 11.162686 -8.054431 3.898059 -1.898139 1.002938
5 9.982273 -7.207535 4.096301 -1.973631 0.990651
10 10.006598 -7.000604 3.996779 -1.999799 1.000236
16 9.999936 -6.999949 4.000010 -2.000007 1.000000
19 10.000010 -7.000003 3.999997 -1.999999 1.000000
22 10.000000 -7.000000 4.000000 -2.000000 1.000000
ÊÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ×ßÙ³ñï³óÇáõÃÛ³Ý ëïáõ·áÕ³Ï³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ¹ÇÝ³ÙÇ-

Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý³µ³ñ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óí³Í ¿ ³ÕÛ. 2.5-áõÙ ¨ ³ÕÛ. 2.6-áõÙ:
k 1( X(k)) 2( X(k)) 3( X(k)) 4( X(k)) 5( X(k))
1 0.000466 0.000932 0.001684 0.005337 0.139307
2 0.120562 0.127418 0.112048 0.192525 0.246989
3 1.851115 1.110940 0.561763 0.554868 0.414618
4 2.865062 2.074402 0.907136 0.837202 0.537126
5 1.386770 1.751068 1.289845 0.947402 0.737753
10 0.938608 0.925082 1.011867 1.037610 1.006218
31 1.000012 1.000013 0.999995 0.999993 1.000000
43 1.000000 0.999999 0.999999 0.999999 1.000000
49 0.999999 1.000000 0.999999 0.999999 0.999999
- 54 -
k 1( X(k)) 2( X(k)) 3( X(k)) 4( X(k)) 5( X(k))
1 0.009280 0.018470 0.033120 0.101271 0.244546
2 1.452144 1.216114 0.792403 0.787452 0.569891
3 0.203219 0.234070 0.211953 0.340659 0.409064
4 1.339965 1.046654 0.735644 0.698771 0.605050
5 0.809874 0.720150 0.503578 0.587761 0.517138
10 0.800819 0.998778 1.048584 1.000341 0.884021
16 1.000125 1.000392 1.000168 0.999837 0.999908
19 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 0.999999 1.000000
22 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000
²ÛÅÙ ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ ¹ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ:

¸ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ 1: ²é³ç³ñÏí³Í Ù»Ãá¹Ç ¹»åùáõÙ ËÝ¹ñÇ µáÉáñ ³ñÙ³ï-
Ý»ñÝ ëï³óíáõÙ »Ý ÙÇ³Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ¨ ó³ÝÏ³ó³Í, Ý³Ëûñáù ïñí³Í, ×ßïáõ-
ÃÛ³Ùµ: ØÇÝã¹»é Èáµ³ã¨ëÏáõ Ñ³ÛïÝÇ Ù»Ãá¹Ç [60] ¹»åùáõÙ ³ñÙ³ïÝ»ñÇ
ëï³óÙ³Ý ×ßïáõÃÛáõÝÁ å³ÛÙ³Ý³íáñí³Í ¿ ÇÝãå»ë Çï»ñ³óÇ³Ý»ñÇ ù³Ý³-
Ïáí, ³ÛÝå»ë ¿É ai(k) ·áñÍ³ÏÇóÝ»ñáí, áñáÝù k–Ç Ù»Í³óÙ³ÝÁ ½áõ·ÁÝÃ³ó Ù»Í³-
ÝáõÙ »Ý ³ñ³·áñ»Ýª ³Û¹ ¹»åùáõÙ ëï»ÕÍ»Éáí Éáõñç Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý µ³ñ¹áõ-
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ (ï»’ë ³ÕÛ. 2.7 ):
k a0(k) a1(k) a2(k) a3(k) a4(k) a5(k)
0 1 -6 -67 236 396 -560
1 1 -170 3 5 5 600
8.113010 -1.154810 4.211410
4 7 9 11
2 1 -1.267410 2.739910 -6.608910 1.049310 4.49601014
3 1 -1.0583108 5.83441014 -3.79301019 9.70961024 1.73131025
¸ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ 2: Æ ï³ñµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ Èáµ³ã¨ëÏáõ Ù»Ãá¹Çª [60], ³Ûëï»Õ

ëï³óíáõÙ »Ý áã Ã» µ³½Ù³Ý¹³ÙÇ ³ñÙ³ïÝ»ñÇ Ùá¹áõÉÝ»ñÁ, ³ÛÉ Ñ»Ýó Çñ»Ýùª
³ñÙ³ïÝ»ñÁ, ÇÝãÁ Ýß³Ý³Ï³ÉÇáñ»Ý Ïñ×³ïáõÙ ¿ Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝ-
Ý»ñÇ Í³í³ÉÁª Ï³åí³Í ³ñÙ³ïÝ»ñÇ Ýß³ÝÝ»ñÇ Éñ³óáõóÇã µ³ó³Ñ³ÛïÙ³Ý Ñ»ï
(ï»’ë ³ÕÛ. 2.8 ):
- 55 -
k x1(k)  x2(k)  x3(k)  x4(k)  x5(k) 
6 15 13 11 8 7
7 13.038410 -6.908222 3.772791 1.909668 0.862933
8 10.610320 6.818810 3.940900 1.996131 0.983936
9 10.071090 6.961023 3.995983 1.999988 0.999511
¸ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ 3: ÆÝãå»ë óáõÛó »Ý ï³ÉÇë ÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÁ, áñáß

³ñÙ³ïÝ»ñÇ å³ïÇÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³Ù ¿É ÏáÙåÉ»ùë-Ñ³Ù³ÉáõÍ ÉÇÝ»Éáõ ¹»åù»ñáõÙ
ÙÇ¨ÝáõÛÝ ×ßïáõÃÛ³Ùµ ³ñÙ³ïÝ»ñÇ ëï³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ëáíáñ³µ³ñ å³-
Ñ³ÝçíáõÙ »Ý ³í»ÉÇ Ù»Í ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùµ Çï»ñ³óÇ³Ý»ñ: Æ Ñ³í»ÉáõÙÝ ³ëí³ÍÇ,
»Ã» Çï»ñ³óÇáÝ ÁÝÃ³ó³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ÝÏ³ïíáõÙ »Ý
ëï³óíáÕ Ùáï³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ï³ï³ÝáõÙÝ»ñ áñáß ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÇ ßáõñç, ³å³
¹³, ÇÝãå»ë ¨ Èáµ³ã¨ëÏáõ Ù»Ãá¹Ç ¹»åùáõÙ, Ù³ïÝ³ÝßáõÙ ¿ µ³½Ù³Ý¹³ÙÇ
ÏáÙåÉ»ùë-Ñ³Ù³ÉáõÍ ³ñÙ³ïÝ»ñ áõÝ»Ý³Éáõ ÷³ëïÁ: ì»ñçÇÝÝ»ñë Ï³ñáÕ »Ý
áñáßí»É x = y  jz Ó¨³÷áËáõÃÛ³Ý ÏÇñ³éÙ³Ùµª P(x) µ³½Ù³Ý¹³ÙÇó ë»ñíáÕ
»ñÏáõ ³ÝÑ³ÛïÝ»ñáí (y ¨ z) »ñÏáõ Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý
Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç áñ¨¿ Ù»Ãá¹áí ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ:
¸ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ 4: ºÃ» Èáµ³ã¨ëÏáõ Ù»Ãá¹Ç ¹»åùáõÙ Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ
áñáß³ÏÇ µ³½Ù³Ý¹³ÙÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ å»ïù ¿ áõÝ»Ý³É Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ³Ý¹ñ³-
¹³ñÓ ÁÝÃ³ó³Ï³ñ·»ñÁª Ï³Ëí³Í µ³½Ù³Ý¹³ÙÇ ³ëïÇ×³ÝÇó, ³å³ ¹Çï³ñÏ-
íáÕ Ù»Ãá¹Ç ¹»åùáõÙ Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ëË»Ù³Ý»ñÝ ÇÝí³ñÇ³Ýï »Ý n –Ç ÝÏ³ï-
Ù³Ùµ:
¸ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ 5: ºñÏáõ Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ ¿É ³ñÙ³ïÝ»ñÇ Ùáï³íáñáõ-
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÝ ëï³óíáõÙ »Ý (Áëï Ùá¹áõÉÝ»ñÇ Ýí³½áÕ) é»É³ùë³óÇáÝ Ñ³çáñ-
¹³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ï»ëùáí: ºÃ» ³Ûë ûñÇÝ³ã³÷áõÃÛáõÝÝ ÇÝã-áñ Ùáï³íá-
ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ Ë³Ëïí»É ¿, ³å³ í»ñçÇÝë, »ñµ¨Çó», ËÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý
Ñ³í³ÏÝáñ¹ ÉÇÝ»É ãÇ Ï³ñáÕ:
- 56 -
¶ÉáõË 3. Ø²ÂºØ²îÆÎ²Î²Ü Ìð²¶ð²ìàðØ²Ü ÊÜ¸ÆðÜºð
3.1. Ø³Ã»Ù³ïÇÏ³Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñ³íáñÙ³Ý ÙÇ³ã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñ
3.1.1. ²ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñ
ÀÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ
¸Çï³ñÏ»Ýù Ù³Ã»Ù³ïÇÏ³Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñ³íáñÙ³Ý ³é³í»É ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ
¹³ëÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É ËÝ¹ÇñÁª
L( X )  min n , (3.1)
Xx E
x : C( X )  0 , (3.2)
áñï»Õ L(X) – Á ëÏ³ÉÛ³ñ áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ ¿, ÇëÏ
C ( X )  c 1 ( X ),..., c m ( X ) -Áª ÷ÝïñíáÕ X   x 1 ,..., x n 
T T
÷á÷áË³Ï³Ý-
Ý»ñÇ n ã³÷³ÝÇ E n ¿íÏÉÇ¹Û³Ý ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý ÇÝã-áñ X »ÝÃ³ï³-

ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÁª ËÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ X ÃáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇ ïÇñáõÛÃÁ Ï³½ÙáÕ
ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáÕ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ m ã³÷³ÝÇ í»ÏïáñÁ: ºÝÃ³¹ñ»Ýù ËÝ¹ÇñÝ
ûÅïí³Í ¿ áÕáñÏ Ï³éáõóí³Íùáí, ³ÛëÇÝùÝ ·áÛáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»Ý L(X) ¨ C(X)
ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý»ñÇ 1-ÇÝ Ï³ñ·Ç Ù³ëÝ³ÏÇ ³Í³ÝóÛ³ÉÝ»ñÝ Áëï xi , i  1, n ,
÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ: ÈáõÍ»É ³Ûë ËÝ¹ÇñÁ, Ýß³Ý³ÏáõÙ ¿ ·ïÝ»É ÃáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇ X
ïÇñáõÛÃÇÝ å³ïÏ³ÝáÕ ³ÛÝåÇëÇ Ï»ï (Ï³Ù Ï»ï»ñ), áñï»Õ (Ï³Ù áñáÝóáõÙ),
³å³ÑáííáõÙ ¿ (Ï³Ù ³å³ÑáííáõÙ »Ý) L(X) áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÇ Ýí³½³·áõÛÝ
³ñÅ»ùÁ (Ï³Ù ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÁ) (Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý³µ³ñ, »Ã» ËÝ¹ÇñÝ áõÝÇ Ù»Ï
Ï³Ù Ù»ÏÇó ³í»ÉÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñ):
¶áÛáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»Ý (3.1) ¨ (3.2) ËÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý µ³½Ù³ÃÇí ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ï
»Õ³Ý³ÏÝ»ñ [13,19,21,51,65,98], áñáÝù Ñ³ßíÇ »Ý ³éÝáõÙ ¹Çï³ñÏíáÕ
ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ ³é³ÝÓÝ³Ñ³ïÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ (áõéáõóÇÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ, áã áõéáõóÇÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ,
ù³é³Ïáõë³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ·Í³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ, áã ·Í³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ë»å³ñ³µ»É³ÛÝáõÃÛáõ-
ÝÁ, áÕáñÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ, áã áÕáñÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ÃáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇ ïÇñáõÛÃÇ ÙÇ³Ï³åáõÃÛáõÝÁ
Ï³Ù µ³½Ù³Ï³åáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ë³éÁ ÉÇÝ»ÉÁ Ï³Ù ãÉÇÝ»ÉÁ,
ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ ï»ë³ÏÝ»ñÁ (Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ï³Ù ³ÝÑ³í³ë³-
ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ïÇåÇ) ¨ ³ÛÉÝ: ê³Ï³ÛÝ ¹Çï³ñÏíáÕ ËÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Ñ³Ýñ³Ýß³-
- 57 -
Ý³Ï »Õ³Ý³ÏÝ»ñÝ ³é³ÝÓÝ³å»ë ß³ï ã»Ý: ØÇ ¹»åùáõÙ å³ÛÙ³Ý³Ï³Ý ûåïÇ-
Ù³É³óÙ³Ý (3.1) ¨ (3.2) ËÝ¹ÇñÁ Ñ³Ý·»óíáõÙ ¿ áã å³ÛÙ³Ý³Ï³Ý ûåïÇÙ³É³ó-
Ù³Ý ËÝ¹ñÇª Ý³ËÝ³Ï³Ý ËÝ¹ñÇ ã³÷³ÛÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»Í³óÙ³Ý ·Ýáí (È³·ñ³ÝÅÇ
³Ýáñáß µ³½Ù³å³ïÏÇãÝ»ñÇ Ù»Ãá¹Áª Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ï»ëùáí ë³ÑÙ³-
Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ ¨ ÎáõÝ-Â³Ï»ñÇ Ù»Ãá¹Áª ³ÝÑ³í³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ
ï»ëùáí ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ): ØÇ ³ÛÉ ¹»åùáõÙ ËÝ¹ÇñÁ Ñ³Ý-
·»óíáõÙ ¿ áã å³ÛÙ³Ý³Ï³Ý ûåïÇÙ³É³óÙ³Ý ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ áñáß³ÏÇ µ³½Ùáõ-
ÃÛ³Ýª ³é³Ýó Ù»Í³óÝ»Éáõ Ý³ËÝ³Ï³Ý ËÝ¹ñÇ ã³÷³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ (ûñÇÝ³Ïª ïáõ-
·³Ý³ÛÇÝ ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý»ñÇ »Õ³Ý³ÏÁ): ê³Ï³ÛÝ È³·ñ³ÝÅÇ »Õ³Ý³ÏÁ Ï³ñáÕ ¿
ÉÇÝ»É áã åÇï³ÝÇ, Ù³ëÝ³íáñ³å»ë, áã áõéáõóÇÏ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ, ùÇã
³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ïª Ù»Í ã³÷³ÛÝáõÃÛ³Ùµ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ:
îáõ·³Ý³ÛÇÝ ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý»ñÇ Ù»Ãá¹Ç û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ ï»ÕÇ áõÝÇ
³é³í»É³·áõÛÝ ûåïÇÙ³É³óÝáÕ ¿ý»Ïï [42]:
îáõ·³Ý³ÛÇÝ ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý»ñÇ Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÁ µ³Å³ÝíáõÙ »Ý å³ñ³Ù»ïñ³Ï³Ý
(Ý»ñùÇÝ Ï»ïÇ Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñ, ³ñï³ùÇÝ Ï»ïÇ Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñ, ½áõ·áñ¹í³Í Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñ) ¨
áã å³ñ³Ù»ïñ³Ï³Ý (Ï»ÝïñáÝÝ»ñÇ Ù»Ãá¹Á ¨ ³ÛÉÝ) Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÇ: Æ
ï³ñµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ Ý»ñùÇÝ Ï»ïÇ Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÇª ³ñï³ùÇÝ Ï»ïÇ Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÝ ûÅïí³Í
»Ý Ù»Í ³é³í»ÉáõÃÛ³Ùµ. Ýñ³Ýù ëáíáñ³µ³ñ ã»Ý û·ï³·áñÍáõÙ ÎáõÝ-Â³Ï»ñÇ
é»·áõÉÛ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ, ÇÝãÁ Ýß³Ý³Ï³ÉÇáñ»Ý ÁÝ¹É³ÛÝáõÙ ¿ ³Û¹ Ù»-
Ãá¹Ý»ñÇ ÑÝ³ñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÝ ³Ù»Ý³ï³ñµ»ñ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ:
´³óÇ ³Û¹, Ýñ³ÝóáõÙ ãÇ å³Ñ³ÝçíáõÙ ëÏ½µÝ³Ï³Ý Ï»ïÇ §ÃáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇáõÃÛ³Ý¦
Ñ³Ý·³Ù³ÝùÇ µ³ó³Ñ³ÛïÙ³Ý ³é³ÝÓÇÝ ÁÝÃ³ó³Ï³ñ·Ç Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÙ, ÇÝãÝ
³ÝÑ³Ù»Ù³ï å³ñ½»óÝáõÙ ¿ Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÝ»ñÁ:
î³ñµ»ñáõÙ »Ý ïáõ·³Ý³ÛÇÝ ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý»ñÇ ÷³Ï Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñ, áñáÝóáõÙ
ïáõ·³Ý³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍ³ÏÇóÝ»ñÁ ÙÝáõÙ »Ý í»ñç³íáñ, ¨ ³ëÇÙåïáïÇÏ Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñ,
áñáÝóáõÙ ïáõ·³Ý³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍ³ÏÇóÝ»ñÁ Ó·ïáõÙ »Ý ½ñáÛÇ Ï³Ù ¿É ³Ýí»ñçáõÃÛ³Ý:
îáõ·³Ý³ÛÇÝ ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý»ñÇ ½³Ý³½³Ý Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÇ ½áõ·³ÙÇïÙ³Ý ³ñ³·áõ-
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ëáíáñ³µ³ñ ·Ý³Ñ³ïíáõÙ »Ý ¹»åÇ ûåïÇÙáõÙÁ ï³ÝáÕ Ù»Í ù³ÛÉ»ñÇ
ù³Ý³Ïáí:
- 58 -
(3.1), (3.2) ËÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÁ
ÈáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ ÃáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇ X ïÇñáõÛÃÁ Ý³Ë Ï»ñå³÷áË»Ýù X ÃáõÛÉ³-
ïñ»ÉÇ ïÇñáõÛÃÇ` û·ï³·áñÍ»Éáí (1.24) ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ÇëÏ ³ÛÝáõÑ»ï¨ (3.1),

(3.2) Ã³Ï»ñÛ³Ý ïÇåÇ ËÝ¹ñÇ ÷áË³ñ»Ý ¹Çï³ñÏ»Ýù Ýñ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñÅ»ù
Ñ»ï¨Û³É É³·ñ³ÝÅ³ÛÇÝ ïÇåÇ é»¹áõóí³Í ËÝ¹ÇñÁ`
L( X )  min n , (3.3)
X X  E
X : S ( C ( X ))  0 : (3.4)
Ð³ßíÇ ³éÝ»Éáí ³ÛÝ Ñ³Ý·³Ù³ÝùÁ, áñ ·áÛáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»óáÕ µ³í³Ï³Ý³-

ã³÷ Ù»Í ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùµ ï³ñµ»ñ ïáõ·³Ý³ÛÇÝ ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý»ñÇó, áñáß³ÏÇ
Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ï»ë³ÝÏÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó »ÉÝ»Éáí, É³í³·áõÛÝÁ ù³é³Ïáõë³ÛÇÝ ïáõ·³-
Ý³ÛÇÝ ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý»ñÝ »Ý [42], Ï³½Ù»Ýù È³·ñ³ÝÅÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É ÁÝ¹É³ÛÝí³Í
Ùá¹ÇýÇÏ³óí³Í áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÁ`
m
L ( X )  L( X )   k  j  S 2j ( X ) L( X )  S T ( X )  K   S ( X ) , (3.5)
j 1
áñï»Õ K   diag ( k 1 ,..., k  m ) -Ý Ñ³ëï³ïáõÝ k  m  0 , j  1 , m µ³í³Ï³-
Ý³ã³÷ Ù»Í ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñáí ïáõ·³Ý³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍ³ÏÇóÝ»ñÇó µ³ÕÏ³ó³Í m Ï³ñ·³-
ÝÇ ³ÝÏÛáõÝ³·Í³ÛÇÝ Ù³ïñÇóÝ ¿ (ÝÏ³ï»Ýù, áñ ³Ûëï»Õ k  m  0 , j  1 , m
·áñÍ³ÏÇóÝ»ñÁ, Ç ï³ñµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ È³·ñ³ÝÅÇ ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý ÁÝ¹É³ÛÝí³Í ã³÷³-

ÝÇßáõÙ û·ï³·áñÍíáÕ ³Ýáñáß ·áñÍ³ÏÇóÝ»ñÇ, áã Ã» Ñ³ßííáõÙ »Ý, ³ÛÉ
ÁÝïñíáõÙ »Ý, ÇÝãÁ, Áëï ¿áõÃÛ³Ý, å³ÛÙ³Ý³íáñáõÙ ¿ ËÝ¹ñÇ ã³÷³ÛÝáõÃÛ³Ý
³Ý÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝÁ): ²é³í»É ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ ¹»åùáõÙ km  km ( X ( t ),t ), j  1, m :
(3.5) ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇ ëï³óÇáÝ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ Ñ³Ý·»óÝáõÙ »Ý

í»ñç³íáñ Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·ÇÝ`
L ( X )  L( X )  2  S T ( X )  K   S ( X )  0 , (3.6)
- 59 -
áñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ áñáßÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ Ï³ñáÕ »Ý û·ï³·áñÍí»É í»ñÁ
T
¹Çï³ñÏí³Í ²²ê¶¸ìØ-Á (³Ûëï»Õ L ( X )  ( L x 1 ( X ),..., L x n ( X )) -Á ¨
L( X )  ( Lx 1 ( X ),..., Lx n ( X ))T -Á Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý³µ³ñ (3.5) ÁÝ¹-

É³ÛÝí³Í áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÇ ëáõµ·ñ³¹Ç»ÝïÁ ¨ (3.1) Ýå³ï³Ï³ÛÇÝ ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇ
·ñ³¹Ç»ÝïÝ »Ý, áñáÝù n ã³÷³ÝÇ í»Ïïáñ-ëÛáõÝ»ñ »Ý):
(3.6) Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ¨ é»¹áõóí³Í ïÇñáõÛÃÇó ¹áõñë Ï³Ù Ýñ³ ÇÝã-
áñ ã³÷³ÝÇ ÏáÕÇ íñ³ ·áñÍáÕ ²²ê¶¸ìØ-Ý áõÝÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É ï»ëùÁ`
 
X ( t )   K X  L( X ( t ))  S T ( X ( t ))   , X ( 0 )  ?  int X , (3.7)
  K   S ( X ( t )) , (3.8)
áñï»Õ K X  diag ( k x1 ,..., k xn ) –Á µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ Ù»Í áõÅ»Õ³óÙ³Ý ·áñÍ³-
ÏÇóÝ»ñáí n Ï³ñ·³ÝÇ ³ÝÏÛáõÝ³·Í³ÛÇÝ Ù³ïñÇó ¿ (ÝÏ³ï»Ýù, áñ (3.7), (3.8)

Ùá¹»ÉÇÝ ÏÑ³Ý·»Ýù Ý³¨ ³ÛÝ ¹»åùáõÙ, »Ã» ù³é³Ïáõë³ÛÇÝ ïáõ·³Ý³ÛÇÝ
ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý»ñÇ Ù»Ãá¹Ç ÷áË³ñ»Ý û·ïí»Ýù äáÝïñÛ³·ÇÝÇ Ù³ùëÇÙáõÙÇ
ëÏ½µáõÝùÇó [5, 12, 24, 67, 79, 100] ): ºÃ» í³Ûñ¿çùÇ Ñ»ï³·ÍÇ ÁÝÃ³óÇÏ Ï»ïÁ
ï»Õ³µ³ßËí³Í ¿ é»¹áõóí³Í ÃáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇ ïÇñáõÛÃÇ Ý»ñëáõÙ, ³å³ (3.7), (3.8)
Ùá¹»ÉÁ í»ñ³ÍíáõÙ ¿ ²ê¶¸ìØ-Ç, áñÝ áõÝÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É ï»ëùÁ`
X ( t )   K X  L( X ( t )) , X ( 0 )  ?  int X : (3.9)
ì»ñçÇÝë ÷³ëïáñ»Ý Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝáõÙ ¿ L(X) ëÏ³ÉÛ³ñ ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇ (áã å³ÛÙ³-
Ý³Ï³Ý ûåïÇÙ³É³óÙ³Ý) ÙÇÝÇÙ³É³óÙ³Ý ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÁ é»¹áõóí³Í ÃáõÛÉ³ï-
ñ»ÉÇ ïÇñáõÛÃÇ Ý»ñùÇÝ Ï»ï»ñÇ íñ³ (ÝÏ. 3.1):
(3.7), (3.8) Ùá¹»ÉÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ²²ê¶¸ìø¶Ø-Ý áõÝÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É
ï»ëùÁ`
X K ( t )   K X  L( X K )  S T ( X K )   K  , (3.10)
 K  K   S ( X K )  S ( X K )  X K ( t ) , (3.11)
X K  1  X K  X K* , X 0  ?  int X , X K ( 0 )  ?, K , (3.12)
L  L( X K )  LT ( X K )  X *K : (3.13)
- 60 -
X
L(Xn)
Ci+1(X)<0 Xn*=Xn-1+Xn0(t)
Xn-1=Xn-2+Xn-10(t)
L(Xn-1)
X³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ..(t)
L(Xi) Xùí³½.(t)
L(X3)
L(X2)
0
X3=X2+X3 (t) L(X1)
X2=X1+X20(t) L(X0)
X1=X0+X10(t)
Ci-1(X)<0
X0 Ci(X)<0
ÜÏ 3.1
- 61 -
(3.9) Ùá¹»ÉÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ùí³½Ç·Í³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³ñÅ»ùÝ ¿É Ñ»ï¨³ÉÝ
¿`
X K ( t )   K X  L( X K ) , (3.14)
X K 1  X K  X *K , X 0  ?  int X , X K ( 0 )  ?, K , (3.15)
L  L( X K )  LT ( X K )  X *K : (3.16)
(3.10) - (3.13) Ùá¹»ÉÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ²ìîÐ-Ç ï»ëùÁ.
l 1

 X K ( t )  E  X  h K  S ( X K )  K   S ( X K )   X K 
l
 l
(3.17)
 T
 hK l  K X  L( X K )  S ( X K )  S ( X K ) , 
X K 1  X K   X
l
Kl , X 0  ?  X , X K0 ?, (3.18)
L  L( X K )  LT ( X K )   X K l : (3.19)
l
¸Çï³ñÏ»Ýù (3.17) - (3.19) Ùá¹»ÉÇ å³ñ½»óí³Í ï³ñµ»ñ³ÏÁ: ÜÏ³ïÇ

³éÝ»Éáí (1.24)-Áª (3.17) ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÇó áõÝ»Ýù`
X K l 1

 E X  hK l  C T ( X K )  D K  K   DK  C ( X K )  X K l  
(3.20)

 hK l  K X  L( X K )  C T ( X K )  D K  K   DK  C ( X K ) , 

áñï»Õ D K  diag 1  signc 1 ( X k ),...,1  signc m ( X k ) : 
Ø³ëÝ³íáñ ¹»åùáõÙ, »ñµ µáÉáñ ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÝ ûÅïí³Í »Ý
ÙÇ³ï»ë³Ï ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáÕ §ÁÝ¹áõÝ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí¦, K X Ù³ïñÇóÁ í»ñ³-
ë»ñíáõÙ ¿ k 1 ÙÇ³ï»ë³Ï ³ÝÏÛáõÝ³·Í³ÛÇÝ ï³ññ»ñáí ³ÝÏÛáõÝ³·Í³ÛÇÝ Ù³ï-
ñÇóÇ: ´³óÇ ³Û¹, ÙÇ³ï»ë³Ï áõÅ»Õ³óÙ³Ý ·áñÍ³ÏÇóÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ ¿É K 
Ù³ïñÇóÁ í»ñ³ÍíáõÙ ¿ k 2 ³ÝÏÛáõÝ³·Í³ÛÇÝ ï³ññ»ñáí ³ÝÏÛáõÝ³·Í³ÛÇÝ
Ù³ïñÇóÇ: ²Û¹ ¹»åùáõÙ Ñ³ßíÇ ³éÝ»Éáí, áñ DK  diag 1  signc1 ( X k ) ,

2
 2

..., 1  signc m ( X k ) , (3.20) ï³ñµ»ñáõÃ³ÛÇÝ ëË»Ù³ÛÇó Ï³ñáÕ »Ýù ëï³Ý³É
2
Ñ»ï¨Û³É ³Ý¹ñ³¹³ñÓ ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÁ`
- 62 -
X K l 1
 T

 EX  hKl  k1  k 2  C ( X K )  SGC( X K )  C( X K )  X K l 
(3.21)

 hK l  k1  L( X K )  k 2  C T ( X K )  SGC( X K )  C( X K ) , 
áñï»Õ
 0 , »Ã» c1 ( X K )  0   0 , »Ã» c m ( X K )  0 
   
SGC( X K )  diag 1, »Ã» c1 ( X K )  0  ,..., 1, »Ã» cm ( X K )  0  (3.22)
 4 , »Ã» c1 ( X K )  0   4 , »Ã» cm ( X K )  0 
Ù³ïñÇóÁ ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáÕ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ »é³ëïÇ×³Ý ³ÝÏÛáõÝ³·Í³ÛÇÝ

m
ï³ññ»ñáí ÇÝ¹ÇÏ³ïáñ³ÛÇÝ Ù³ïñÇóÝ ¿: ²Ûë Ù³ïñÇóÁ ÍÝáõÙ ¿ m Ï³ñ·Ç 3
Ñ³ï Ù³ïñÇóÝ»ñ (ÏáÝïÇÝáõáõÙ)` Ï³Ëí³Í ¹»åÇ ËÝ¹ñÇ ³ñÙ³ïÁ í³Ûñ¿çùÇ
Ñ»ï³·ÍÇ ÁÝÃ³óÇÏ Ï»ïÇ ÃáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇ X ïÇñáõÛÃÇª áñ¨¿ ã³÷³ÛÝáõÃÛ³Ùµ
ÏáÕÇ íñ³ ÁÝÏÝ»Éáõó Ï³Ù ãÁÝÏÝ»Éáõó: Ð³ßíÇ ³éÝ»Éáí, áñ ³Û¹ ïÇñáõÛÃÁ,
ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ ¹»åùáõÙ, ûÅïí³Í ¿ ÇÝã-áñ Ý»ñùÇÝ »ÝÃ³ïÇñáõÛÃáí ( int X ),
ë³ÑÙ³Ýáí ( X ) ¨ ³ñï³ùÇÝ »ÝÃ³ïÇñáõÛÃáí ( E n \ X ), í³Ûñ¿çùÇ Ñ»ï³·ÍÇ
ÁÝÃ³óÇÏ Ï»ï»ñÁ
- ³ÙµáÕçáõÃÛ³Ùµ ï»Õ³µ³ßËí³Í ÏÉÇÝ»Ý int X -áõÙ` ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáÕ
å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ÁÝ¹³Ù»ÝÁ 1 ÑÝ³ñ³íáñ ï³ñµ»ñ³ÏÇ ¹»åùáõÙ, ³ÛëÇÝùÝ, »ñµ
c j ( X )  0 , j  1 , m , áñÇ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï (3.21) ³Ý¹ñ³¹³ñÓ ÁÝÃ³ó³Ï³ñ·Á

ÏÁÝ¹áõÝÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É ï»ëùÁ`
X K l1
 X K l  hK l  k 1  L( X K ) , (3.23)
- Ù³ëÝ³ÏÇáñ»Ý ï»Õ³µ³ßËí³Í X ÃáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇ ïÇñáõÛÃÇ ÇÝã-áñ ã³÷³ÛÝáõ-

ÃÛ³Ùµ ÏáÕÇ íñ³ ¨ Ù³ëÝ³ÏÇáñ»Ý int X -áõÙ` ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáÕ å³ÛÙ³Ý-
m 1
Ý»ñÇ 2  ( 2  1 ) Ñ³ï ÑÝ³ñ³íáñ ï³ñµ»ñ³ÏÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ, áñáÝó
Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ¨ áã ÙÇ ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙ ãÇ Ë³ËïíÇ, ³ÛÉ Ï»ñå ³ë³Í, ·áÝ»
Ù»Ï ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙ ï»ÕÇ ÏáõÝ»Ý³ Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ï»ëùáí, ÇëÏ
ÙÝ³ó³ÍÝ»ñÁ` ËÇëï ³ÝÑ³í³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ï»ëùáí, Ï³Ù ¿É Ñ³Ï³é³ÏÁ,
- 63 -
- ³ÙµáÕçáõÃÛ³Ùµ ï»Õ³µ³ßËí³Í ÏÉÇÝ»Ý X - Ç íñ³` ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáÕ
å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ÁÝ¹³Ù»ÝÁ 1 ÑÝ³ñ³íáñ ï³ñµ»ñ³ÏÇ ¹»åùáõÙ, ³ÛëÇÝùÝ, »ñµ
c j ( X )  0 , j  1 , m ,
- Ù³ëÝ³ÏÇáñ»Ý ï»Õ³µ³ßËí³Í ÏÉÇÝ»Ý X ÃáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇ ïÇñáõÛÃÇ ÇÝã-áñ ã³-
n
÷³ÛÝáõÃÛ³Ùµ ÏáÕÇ íñ³ ¨ Ù³ëÝ³ÏÇáñ»Ý E \ X - áõÙ` ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáÕ
m1
å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ 2  ( 2  1 ) Ñ³ï ÑÝ³ñ³íáñ ï³ñµ»ñ³ÏÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ,
áñáÝó Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ·áÝ» Ù»Ï ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙ ï»ÕÇ ÏáõÝ»Ý³ Ñ³í³-
ë³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ï»ëùáí, ÇëÏ ÙÛáõëÝ»ñÁ ÏË³Ëïí»Ý Ï³Ù ¿É Ñ³Ï³é³ÏÁ,
- Ù³ëÝ³ÏÇáñ»Ý ï»Õ³µ³ßËí³Í ÏÉÇÝ»Ý int X –áõÙ, Ù³ëÝ³ÏÇáñ»Ýª X
ÃáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇ ïÇñáõÛÃÇ ÇÝã-áñ ã³÷³ÛÝáõÃÛ³Ùµ ÏáÕÇ íñ³ ¨ Ù³ëÝ³ÏÇáñ»Ýª
E n \ X – áõÙ ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáÕ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ 3  ( 3 m 1  2 m  1 ) Ñ³ï
ÑÝ³ñ³íáñ ï³ñµ»ñ³ÏÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ, áñáÝó Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ·áÝ» Ù»Ï
ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙ ï»ÕÇ ÏáõÝ»Ý³ ËÇëï ³ÝÑ³í³ë³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ï»ëùáí,
Ù»ÏÁª Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ï»ëùáí, ÇëÏ Ù»ÏÝ ¿É ÏË³ËïíÇ,
n
- Ù³ëÝ³ÏÇáñ»Ý ï»Õ³µ³ßËí³Í ÏÉÇÝ»Ý int X –áõÙ ¨ Ù³ëÝ³ÏÇáñ»Ý E \ X
m1
–áõÙª ÝáõÛÝå»ë ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáÕ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ íÇ×³ÏÇ 2  ( 2  1 ) Ñ³ï
ÑÝ³ñ³íáñ ï³ñµ»ñ³ÏÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ, áñáÝó Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ·áÝ» Ù»Ï ë³ÑÙ³-
Ý³÷³ÏáõÙ ï»ÕÇ ÏáõÝ»Ý³ ËÇëï ³ÝÑ³í³ë³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ï»ëùáí, ¨ ·áÝ»
Ù»ÏÝ ¿É ÏË³ËïíÇ,
- Ù³Ý³ÏÇáñ»Ý ï»Õ³µ³ßËí³Í ÏÉÇÝ»Ý E n \ X –áõÙ ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáÕ å³Û-
Ù³ÝÝ»ñÇ ÝáõÛÝå»ë 1 ÑÝ³ñ³íáñ ï³ñµ»ñ³ÏÇ ¹»åùáõÙ, ³ÛëÇÝùÝ, »ñµ
c j ( X )  0 , j  1 , m :
ê³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáÕ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ íÇ×³ÏÝ»ñÇ Ýßí³Í 7 ÑÝ³ñ³íáñ ¹»å-
ù»ñÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ù³Ý³ÏÝ»ñÁ, Ï³Ëí³Í ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáÕ å³ÛÙ³Ý-
Ý»ñÇ ÃíÇó, µ»ñí³Í »Ý ³ÕÛ. 3.1-áõÙ:
- 64 -
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 1 - 1 - - - 1
2 1 2 1 2 - 2 1
3 1 6 1 6 6 6 1
4 1 14 1 14 36 14 1
5 1 30 1 30 150 30 1
⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮
m 1 2(2m-1-1) 1 2(2m-1-1) 3(3m-1-2m+1) 2(2m-1-1) 1
²Ûë ·Ý³Ñ³ï³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï Ï³åí³Í µÝ³Ï³Ý ¿ å³ñ½»É Ý³¨ ¹»åÇ

ËÝ¹ñÇ ³ñÙ³ïÁ ý³½³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï³·Í»ñÇ ÁÝÃ³óÇÏ Ï»ï»ñÇ X ÃáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇ
ïÇñáõÛÃÇ ³Ûë Ï³Ù ³ÛÝ »ÝÃ³ïÇñáõÛÃáõÙ ï»Õ³µ³ßËÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý
Ñ³í³Ý³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, ³ÛëÇÝùÝª Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ¿ Ñ³ßí»É (3.22) ÇÝ¹ÇÏ³ïáñ³ÛÇÝ
Ù³ïñÇóÇó ë»ñíáÕ ¨ Ùá¹»ÉÇ í»ñ³¹³ë³íáñí»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝÁ å³ÛÙ³Ý³íáñáÕ
ï³ñµ»ñ Ï³éáõÛóÝ»ñÇ ·áñÍ³éÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³í³Ý³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ: àõëïÇ,
7
ÝÏ³ïÇ áõÝ»Ý³Éáí Ñ³í³Ý³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÉñÇíáõÃÛ³Ý P
i1
i  1 å³ÛÙ³ÝÁ,
ÏáõÝ»Ý³Ýù ³ÕÛ. 3.2-Á, áñï»ÕÇó ³ÏÝÑ³Ûïáñ»Ý Ñ»ï¨áõÙ ¿, áñ áñù³Ý Ù»Í ¿

ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáÕ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ÃÇíÁ, ³ÛÝù³Ý Ù»Í ¿ ³ÛÝ µ³ÝÇ Ñ³í³Ý³Ï³-
ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ, áñ ³Û¹ ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇó ÇÝã-áñ Ù»ÏÝ ³Ýå³ÛÙ³Ýáñ»Ý
ÏË³ËïíÇ áñáÝÙ³Ý ëÏ½µÝ³Ï³Ý Ï»ïÇ å³ï³Ñ³Ï³Ý ÁÝïñáõÃÛ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ
(ï»’ë ³ÕÛ. 3.2-Ç 5-ñ¹ ëÛáõÝÁ): ²Ûëï»ÕÇó ¿É Ñ»ï¨áõÙ ¿ Ùá¹»ÉÇ Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý
³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ïáõÃÛ³Ý µ³ñÓñ³óáõÙÁ` ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáÕ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ù³Ý³ÏÇ
Ù»Í³óÙ³ÝÁ ½áõ·ÁÝÃ³ó:
- 65 -
m P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7
1 1/3 - 1/3 - - - 1/3
2 1/9 2/9 1/9 2/9 - 2/9 1/9
3 1/27 6/27 1/27 6/27 6/27 6/27 1/27
4 1/81 14/81 1/81 14/81 36/81 14/81 1/81
5 1/243 30/243 1/243 30/243 150/243 30/243 1/243
⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮
-5 -2 -5 -2 -2
10 1.6910 1.7310 1.6910 1.7310 0.94802 1.7310 1.6910-5
⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮
m 1 2(2m-1-1) 1 2 (2m-1-1) 3 (3m-1-2m+1) 2 (2m-1-1) 1
úñÇÝ³Ï: ¸Çï³ñÏ»Ýù Ù³Ã»Ù³ïÇÏ³Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñ³íáñÙ³Ý Ñ»ï¨Û³É

³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï ËÝ¹ÇñÁ [77, ¿ç 225].
L( x 1 , x 2 )  ( x 1  4 ) 2  ( x 2  7 ) 2  min ,
x1 , x 2
C 1 ( x 1 , x 2 )  x 12  3 ,5  x 2  0 ,
C 2 ( x 1 , x 2 )  x 1  ( x 2  3 ) 2  2 ,2  0 ,
C 3 ( x1 , x 2 )   x1  x2  6  0 ,
C 4 ( x 1 , x 2 )  x 1  2  x 2  1 ,5  0 ,
áñÇ ûåïÇÙ³É ÉáõÍáõÙÁ x*1  1 ,5 ; x*2  4 ,5 ; L*  12 ,5 :
ÈáõÍáõÙ: (3.17)- (3.19) Ùá¹»ÉÇ ÑÇÙ³Ý íñ³ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óí³Í 26
Ù»ù»Ý³Û³Ï³Ý ÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÁ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óí³Í »Ý ³ÕÛ. 3.3-áõÙ:
²ñÙ³ïÇ áñáÝÙ³Ý ×ßïáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ Ñ³Ù»Ù³ï³µ³ñ ÷áùñ ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùµ
Çï»ñ³óÇ³Ý»ñÇ ï»ë³ÝÏÛáõÝÇó ÁÝ¹áõÝ»ÉÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñ ëï³óí»É »Ý 1,6,7,13
÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ: Öß·ñÇï ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñ ëï³óí»É »Ý 16,19-21,24 ¨
25 ÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ, ãÝ³Û³Í ëñ³ÝóÇó Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ
å³Ñ³Ýçí»É »Ý Ñ³Ù»Ù³ï³µ³ñ ³í»ÉÇ Ù»Í ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùµ Çï»ñ³óÇ³Ý»ñ:
1,3,7,15 ¨ 16 ÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ ËÝ¹ñÇ ³ñÙ³ïÇ áñáÝÙ³Ý
ëáõµ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï³·Í»ñÇ ëÏ½µÝ³Ï³Ý ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ Ñ³ïí³ÍÝ»ñÇ ýñ³·-
Ù»ÝïÝ»ñÁ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óí³Í »Ý ÝÏ. 3.2-áõÙ, ÇëÏ 6 ¨ 7 ÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ
- 66 -
ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ÷ÝïñÙ³Ý ¹ÇÝ³ÙÇÏ³Ýª Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý³µ³ñ ³ÕÛ. 3.4-áõÙ ¨ ³ÕÛ.
3.5-áõÙ:
ÜÏ³ï»Ýù, áñ ³é³ç³ñÏí³Í ²ìîÐ-Á ÷áñÓ³ñÏí»É ¿ Ù³Ã»Ù³ïÇÏ³Ï³Ý
Íñ³·ñ³íáñÙ³Ý ½³Ý³½³Ý ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ (áõéáõóÇÏ, ù³é³Ïáõë³ÛÇÝ, »ñÏñ³ã³-
÷³Ï³Ý, ë»å³ñ³µ»É³ÛÇÝ, Ïáïáñ³Ï³-·Í³ÛÇÝ, ·Í³ÛÇÝ) ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ [39]:
¶Í³ÛÇÝ Íñ³·ñ³íáñÙ³Ý ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ ëï³óí»É »Ý
Ñ³Ù»Ù³ï³µ³ñ Ù»Í ëË³É³ÝùÝ»ñ, áñáÝù áã ÙÇ Ï»ñå ãÇ Ñ³çáÕí»É ÷áùñ³óÝ»É:
²Ûë Ñ³Ý·³Ù³ÝùÁ, Áëï »ñ¨áõÛÃÇÝ, Ï³åí³Í ¿ ÇÝãå»ë ïáõ·³Ý³ÛÇÝ ýáõÝÏóÇ³-
Ý»ñÇ Ù»Ãá¹Ç Ã»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï [42] ·Í³ÛÇÝ Íñ³·ñ³íáñÙ³Ý ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ
ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï, ³ÛÝå»ë ¿É í»ñçÇÝÝ»ñÇë Ý»ñùÇÝ ûåïÇÙ³É³óÙ³Ý Ñ³ïÏáõ-
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ µ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ»ï (ËÝ¹ñÇ Û³ÏáµÛ³ÝÁ ÙÝáõÙ ¿ ³Ý÷á÷áË ý³½³-
ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï³·Í»ñÇ µáÉáñ ÁÝÃ³óÇÏ Ï»ï»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ): ØÇÝã¹»é Ù»Í³ù³Ý³Ï ³ÛÉ
ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ ÝÙ³Ý ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ã»Ý Í³·»É:
x2 (10,8)
(-12,8) L=12.5 c1 =0
6
c4 =0
4
2 (8,2)
c3 =0
x1
0
-12 -8 -4 0 4 8
c2 =0 12
-2
L=130
-4
-6
(9,-6)
(-14,--7) L=272 -8
ÜÏ. 3.2
- 67 -
Φ M x10 x20 K1 K2 h KI L* x*1 x*2
1 -12 8 102 10-2 279 12.52 -1.343 4.663
2 -10 -9 104 10-4
3 0.25 9 -6 50 4·10-2 833 12.44 -1.546 4.466
2 -2
4 -5 -1 10 3·10
5 -14 -7 103 2·10-3
6 -4 7 4 12.47 -1.503 4.503
2
10-2
7 8 2 10 7 12.48 -1.437 4.570
-2
8 0.5 2·10 10
14 7.5 -3
9 2·10 500 13.01 -1.449 4.449
103
10 4 10-3
11 10 8 100 15.40 -1.225 4.225
102 10-2
12 4
1.0
13 -5 -1 2·10-3 172 12.54 -1.494 4.498
-3
14 -4 7 3·10
15 -14 -7 419 12.50 -1.494 4.507
3
16 10 25 648 12.50 -1.500 4.500
10 8
17 1.5 10-3 75
18 -14 -7
25
19 -4 7 2018 12.50 -1.500 4.500
2 -2
20 4 8 10 10 3505 12.50 -1.500 4.500
3 -3
21 2.0 14 7.5 10 10 634 12.50 -1.500 4.501
22 -12 8 102 10-2
10
23 -14 7
2.5
24 4 8 878 12.50 -1.500 4.500
103 10-3
25 4 8 1521 12.50 -1.500 4.500
3.0
26 0 1.5 1 2125 12.50 -1.559 4.441
- 68 -
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 3.3-Ç ß³ñáõÝ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ
Φ c1 c2 c3 c4 ρ Δx1 Δx2
1 -14.52 -1.909 0.006242 -9.169 17.280 0.000999 -0.000100
2 Ä³Ù³Ý³ÏÇó ßáõï Ï³Ý·³é
3 -13.24 -1.496 0.012470 -8.979 16.070 0.000099 0.000099
4 Þñç³åïáõÛï 100-ñ¹ Çï»ñ³óÇ³ÛÇó Ñ»ïáª 300 Çï»ñ³óÇ³ å³ñµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ùµ
5 ¸³Ý¹³Õáñ»Ý ½áõ·³ÙÇïáÕ ·áñÍÁÝÃ³ó
6 -13.50 -1.562 0.006242 -9.009 16.310 -0.000012 0.000012
7 -13.93 -1.700 0.006242 -9.076 16.710 -0.000083 -0.000083
8 Þñç³åïáõÛï 300 Çï»ñ³óÇ³ å³ñµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ùµ
9 -13.47 -1.350 -0.101400 -8.848 16.420 0102.000 -0.102000
10 c3(X)=0 ·Íáí ¹³Ý¹³Õáñ»Ý ½áõ·³ÙÇïáõÙ ¿ ³ñÙ³ïÇÝ
11 -13.01 -0.527 -0.549400 -8.1769 16.9900 0.555000 -0.555000
12 î³ï³ÝáõÙÝ»ñ ³ñÙ³ïÇ ßáõñç (9≤L≤15)
13 -13.51 -1.538 -0.007750 -8.990 16.310 0.005581 -0.005580
14 î³ñ³ÙÇïáÕ ·áñÍÁÝÃ³ó
15 -13.50 -1.551 0.000612 -9.001 16.300 0.000009 -0.000009
16 -13.50 -1.551 0.000559 -9.001 16.300 0.000049 -0.000049
17 àõÅ»Õ ï³ï³ÝáÕ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍÁÝÃ³ó
18 î³ï³ÝáÕ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍÁÝÃ³ó
19 -13.50 -1.551 0.000523 -9.001 16.300 0.000076 -0.000077
20 -13.50 -1.551 0.000577 -9.001 16.300 0.000032 -0.000032
21 -13.50 -1.552 0.000544 -9.001 16.300 0.000053 -0.000054
24 -13.50 -1.551 0.000051 -9.001 16.300 0.000073 -0.000073
25 -13.50 -1.552 0.000057 -9.001 16.300 0.000032 -0.000032
26 -13.11 -1.437 0.000055 -8.942 15.940 0.000090 -0.000002
- 69 -
KI x1 x2 Δx1 Δx2 L
0 -4.000000 7.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
1 -1.500000 4.500000 2.500000 -2.500000 12.500000
2 -1.513000 4.512000 -0.012500 0.012500 12.380000
3 -1.503000 4.503000 0.009391 -0.009391 12.470000
4 -1.503000 4.503000 -0.000012 0.000012 12.470000
KI x1 x2 Δx1 Δx2 L
0 8.000000 2.000000 0.000000 0.000000 169.000000
1 4.574000 2.710000 -3.426000 0.710100 91.20000
2 3.445000 3.088000 -1.129000 0.377000 70.740000
3 3.231000 3.166000 -0.214000 0.077850 67.000000
4 -1.654000 4.788000 -4.886000 1.622000 10.400000
5 -1.436000 4.570000 0.218100 -0.218200 12.480000
6 -1.437000 4.570000 -0.000356 0.000189 12.480000
7 -1.437000 4.570000 -0.000083 -0.000083 12.480000
3.1.2. ÀÝ¹Ñ³ï ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñ
î³ñµ»ñáõÙ »Ý ³ÙµáÕç³å»ë ³ÙµáÕç³ÃÇí, Ù³ëÝ³ÏÇáñ»Ý ³ÙµáÕç³ÃÇí,

µáõÉÛ³Ý, åë¨¹áµáõÉÛ³Ý ¨ ³ÛÉ ïÇå»ñÇ Ù³Ã»Ù³ïÇÏ³Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñ³íáñÙ³Ý
ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñ [10,52,56,58,62,74,88,99,104]: Î³Ý· ³éÝ»Ýù Ýßí³ÍÝ»ñÇó Ûáõñ³-
ù³ÝãÛáõñÇ íñ³ ³é³ÝÓÇÝ-³é³ÝÓÇÝ:
3.1.2.1. ²ÙµáÕç³å»ë ³ÙµáÕç³ÃÇí ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñ
ºÝÃ³¹ñ»Ýù ¹Çï³ñÏíáõÙ ¿ Ù³Ã»Ù³ïÇÏ³Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñ³íáñÙ³Ý (3.1),

(3.2) ËÝ¹ÇñÁª ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ íñ³ ¹ñí³Í Ñ»ï¨Û³É Éñ³óáõóÇã ë³ÑÙ³Ý³-
÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙª
x i  0 ,1 ,  2 , ... ,  ( Pi  1 ), i  1 , n , (3.24)

- 70 -
áñï»Õª Pi  1 -Á x i ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÇ ÑÝ³ñ³íáñ ³é³í»É³·áõÛÝ (Ýí³½³·áõÛÝ)
³ñÅ»ùÝ ¿: ºÝÃ³¹ñ»Ýù Ý³¨, áñ ÇÝãå»ë í»ñÁ, L( X ) - Á ¨ C ( X ) -Ý áõÝ»Ý

³é³çÇÝ Ï³ñ·Ç Ù³ëÝ³ÏÇ ³Í³ÝóÛ³ÉÝ»ñ Áëï X í»ÏïáñÇ µáÉáñ µ³Õ³-
¹ñÇãÝ»ñÇ:
(3.1), (3.2), (3.24) ËÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÁ Ñ³Ý·»óÝ»Ýù (3.3), (3.4) ï»ëùÇ
³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï Ñ³Ù³ñÅ»ù ËÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ýª (3.24) ³ÙµáÕç³Ãí³ÛÇÝ ó³ÝóÁ Ýñ³Ý
Ñ³Ù³ñÅ»ù Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ï»ëùáí Éñ³óáõóÇã ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ
n ã³÷³ÝÇ í»Ïïáñáí ÷áË³ñÇÝ»Éáõ ×³Ý³å³ñÑáí: ²Ûëï»Õ ÝÏ³ï»Ýù, áñ
Çñ³Ï³Ý ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÇ ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý»ñ û·ï³·áñÍáÕ ³Ý³ÉÇïÇÏ
»Õ³Ý³ÏÝ»ñÁ Ñ³×³Ë ³í»ÉÇ å³ñ½ áõ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ï »Ý, ù³Ý Ãí³ÛÇÝ
Ñ³çáñ¹³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï ³ÝÙÇç³Ï³Ýáñ»Ý ³ßË³ïáÕ ÏáÙµÇÝ³ïáñ³ÛÇÝ
»Õ³Ý³ÏÝ»ñÁ, ù³ÝÇ áñ, ÇÝãå»ë ÝßíáõÙ ¿ [81]-áõÙ, ÝÙ³Ý Ùáï»óáõÙÁ Ñ³×³Ë
µ»ñáõÙ ¿ ³é³í»É ó³ÝÏ³ÉÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÇ, ù³Ý ËÝ¹ñÇ áõÕÕ³ÏÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÁ, áñÁ,
ëáíáñ³µ³ñ, ³éÝãíáõÙ ¿ ³Ýã³÷ Ù»Í Í³í³Éáí Ñ³ßí³ñÏÝ»ñÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÙ³Ý
Ñ»ï: ÜÙ³Ý Ùáï»óÙ³Ý û·ï³·áñÍÙ³ÝÁ ÙÕáõÙ ¿ Ý³¨ Ñ»Ýó ÇÝùÁª áã ·Í³ÛÇÝ
Íñ³·ñ³íáñÙ³Ý ¹ÇÝ³ÙÇÏ³Ï³Ý (1.1) - (1.4) ËÝ¹ÇñÁ:
²ÛÅÙ µ³ó ÃáÕÝ»Ýù i ÇÝ¹»ùëÁ x i ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ Pi Ù»ÍáõÃÛáõÝ-
Ý»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ ¨ áñáß ³ÙµáÕç³ÃÇí áã µ³ó³ë³Ï³Ý ( x  0 ) ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÇ

Ñ³Ù³ñ Ý»ñÙáõÍ»Ýù Ñ»ï¨Û³É ³ñï³¹ñáÕ ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ýª
P 1
RP ( x )   ( x  k )  0 , P  N : (3.25)
k 0
²Ûë µ³½Ù³Ý¹³Ù³ÛÇÝ Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÁ Ï³ñáÕ »Ýù Ý»ñÏ³Û³óÝ»É Ý³¨

P
RP ( x )   S ( P , r )  x r  0 , r  N , (3.26)
r 1
áñï»Õª S ( P , r ) ·áñÍ³ÏÇóÝ»ñÁ ´ÇÉÉÇ 1-ÇÝ Ï³ñ·Ç Ï³Ù ¿É êïÇéÉÇÝ·Ç ³é³çÇÝ

ë»éÇ Ãí»ñ »Ý [57,83]: ²Û¹ Ãí»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ï»ÕÇ áõÝÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É ³Ý¹ñ³¹³ñÓ
³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÁª
- 71 -
S ( P  1 , r )  S ( P , r  1 )  P  S ( P , r ), r  P , (3.27)
ÁÝ¹ áñáõÙª
 0 , »Ã» P  r - Á ½áõÛ· ¿,
S(P,r)   (3.28)
  0 , »Ã» P  r - Á Ï»Ýï ¿ :
²ÛÅÙ áñáß ³ÙµáÕç³ÃÇí áã ¹ñ³Ï³Ý ( x  0 ) ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ÝÙ³Ý
Ó¨áí Ý»ñÙáõÍ»Ýù Ñ»ï¨Û³É ³ñï³¹ñáÕ ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ýª
P 1
R*P ( x )   ( x  k )  0 , P  N (3.29)
k 0
Ï³Ù ¿Éª
P
R*P ( x )   S * ( P , r )  x r  0 , r  N , (3.30)
r 1
*
áñï»Õª S ( P , r ) ·áñÍ³ÏÇóÝ»ñÁ Ýß³ÝÇ ×ßïáõÃÛ³Ùµ Ñ³ÙÁÝÏÝáõÙ »Ý S ( P , r )
·áñÍ³ÏÇóÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï, ÇëÏ ³í»ÉÇ ×Çßïª
S * ( P , r )  ( 1 ) P  r  S ( P , r )  0 , P , r : (3.31)
²ÛÅÙ (3.26) ¨ (3.30) ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý»ñÇ Ñ³ßí³éÙ³Ùµ Ý»ñÙáõÍ»Ýù Ñ»ï¨Û³É
ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³óí³Í ³ñï³¹ñáÕ ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ýª
P
R*2 P ( x )  R P ( x )  R*P ( x )    ( 2 P ,2 r )  x 2 r  0 : (3.32)
r 1
ì»ñçÇÝë, ³ÏÝÑ³Ûïáñ»Ý, x ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ Ç¹»ÝïÇýÇÏ³óÝáõÙ ¿ áñå»ë

(3.24) ³ÛÉÁÝïñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ Ï³éáõóí³Íù³ÛÝ³óí³Í í»ñç³íáñ µ³½ÙáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³-
Ù³ñÅ»ù ÷áË³Ýáñ¹, ÁÝ¹ áñáõÙ ³Ûë ½áõÛ· ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇ ·áñÍ³ÏÇóÝ»ñÇ áñáßÙ³Ý
Ñ³Ù³ñ áõÝ»Ýù Ñ»ï¨Û³É ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÁª
P r
*
 ( 2 P ,2 r )  2   S( P ,r  j )  S ( P , r  j )  S ( P , r )  S * ( P , r ) : (3.33)
j 1
j r  P
(3.33)-Ç ·áñÍ³ÏÇóÝ»ñÇ áñáßÙ³Ý ëË»Ù³ïÇÏ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óáõÙÁ Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ¿

å³ïÏ»ñ»É áñáß ëÇÙ»ïñÇÏ Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÝ»ñÇ ÙÇçáóáí: Ø³ëÝ³íáñ³å»ë,
P  5 , r  1 ,5 ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ÝÙ³Ý Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÁ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óí³Í ¿ ÝÏ.
6
3.3-áõÙ: úñÇÝ³Ï, x -ÇÝ ÏÇó (»ñµ r  3 ) 273 ·áñÍ³ÏÇóÁ Ó¨³íáñíáõÙ ¿ »ñÏáõ
³ñï³¹ñÇãÝ»ñÇ ³ñï³¹ñÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇó µ³ÕÏ³ó³Í Ñ»ï¨Û³É ·áõÙ³ñÇ ÙÇçáóáíª
273  24  1 - 50  10  35  35 - 10  50  1  24 : ²Ûë ·áõÙ³ñ»ÉÇÝ»ñÇ ù³Ý³ÏÁ
- 72 -
(ïíÛ³É ¹»åùáõÙª 5) r  1 ,7 ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ óáõÛó ¿ ïñí³Í ³ÕÛ. 3.6 – áõÙ
å³ïÏ»ñí³Í Ãí³µ³Ý³Ï³Ý »é³ÝÏÛ³Ý ÙÇçáóáí:
r 1 2 3 4 5
S(P,r) 24 -50 35 -10 -1
σ(2P,2r) 576 -820 273 -30 1
S*(P,r) 24 50 35 10 1
ÜÏ. 3.3
r
1 1
2 1 1
3 1 3 1
4 1 3 3 1
5 1 3 5 3 1
6 1 3 5 5 3 1
7 1 3 5 7 5 3 1
Ð»ï³·³ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßïáõÃÛáõÝÇó »ÉÝ»Éáí ¹Çï³ñÏ»Ýù Ý³¨

(3.26), (3.30) ¨ (3.32) ³ñï³¹ñáÕ ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý»ñÇ ³Í³ÝóÛ³ÉÝ»ñÁ: ¸ñ³Ýù
Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý³µ³ñ áõÝ»Ý Ñ»ï¨Û³É ï»ëù»ñÁª
P P
R P ( x )   r  S ( P , r )  x r  1   S ( P , r  1 )  x r  1 , (3.34)
r 1 r 1
P P
R *P ( x )   r  S * ( P , r )  x r  1   S * ( P , r  1 )  x r  1 , (3.35)
r 1 r 1
P P
R2 P ( x )   2 r   ( 2 P ,2 r )  x 2 r  1    ( 2 P ,2 r  1 )  x 2 r  1 , (3.36)
r1 r 1
- 73 -
áñï»ÕÇó Ñ»ï¨áõÙ »Ý Ñ»ï¨Û³É Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁª
S( P ,r  1 )  r  S( P ,r ) , (3.37)
S* ( P ,r  1 )  r  S * ( P ,r ) , (3.38)
 ( 2 P ,2 r  1 )  2 r   ( 2 P ,2 r ) : (3.39)
P  r  1 ,6 ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ (3.27), (3.28), (3.31), (3.33) ¨ (3.37)-(3.39)

³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÑÇÙ³Ý íñ³ Ï³½Ù»Ýù ³ÕÛ. 3.7-Á (3.26), (3.30), (3.32) åáÉÇ-
ÝáÙÇ³É Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ·áñÍ³ÏÇóÝ»ñÇ ¨ (3.37) - (3.39) Ù»ÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ
áñáßÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ (³ÝÑñ³Å»ßïáõÃÛ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ, ³ÏÝÑ³Ûï ¿, áñ ³ÛÝ Ñ»ßïáõ-
ÃÛ³Ùµ Ï³ñáÕ ¿ ß³ñáõÝ³Ïí»É Ý³¨ P  r  6 ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ):
²ÛëåÇëáí, Ï³ï³ñí³Í Ó¨³÷áËáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ ÁÝ¹Ñ³ï ³Ù-
µáÕç³ÃÇí Ã³Ï»ñÛ³Ý ïÇåÇ áã ·Í³ÛÇÝ Íñ³·ñ³íáñÙ³Ý (3.1), (3.2, (3.24)
ËÝ¹ÇñÁ Ñ³Ý·»óíáõÙ ¿ áã áÕáñÏ ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï É³·ñ³ÝÅ³ÛÇÝ ïÇåÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É
ËÝ¹ñÇÝª
L( X )  min , (3.40)
X
S( X )  0 , (3.41)
R2 P ( X )  0 , (3.42)
T
áñï»Õ R 2 P ( X )  ( R2 P ( x 1 ),..., R 2 P ( x n )) –Á (3.32) ï»ëùÇ ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáÕ
å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ n ã³÷³ÝÇ í»ÏïáñÝ ¿ (å³ñ½áõÃÛ³Ý Ýå³ï³Ïáí Ñ»ï³·³ÛáõÙ
2P ÇÝ¹»ùëÝ»ñÁ µ³ó ÏÃáÕÝí»Ý): àõëïÇ ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Ñ³-
Ù³ñ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óí³Í Ùáï»óáõÙÝ ³ÙµáÕçáõÃÛ³Ùµ ÏÇñ³é»ÉÇ ¿ Ý³¨ (3.40)-(3.42)
ËÝ¹ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ: Ð»ï¨³µ³ñ ÁÝ¹É³ÛÝí³Í áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÁª
L ( X )  L( X )  Q T ( X )  K Q  Q( X ), (3.43)
áñï»Õ Q ( X )  ( S 1 ( X ), , S m ( X ) R( x 1 ), R( x n ))T –Á (3.41), (3.42)

ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáÕ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³óí³Í m+n ã³÷³ÝÇ í»ÏïáñÝ ¿, ÇëÏ
K Q  diag ( K S , K R ) -Ýª µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ Ù»Í ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñáí ïáõ·³Ý³ÛÇÝ ·áñ-
Í³ÏÇóÝ»ñÇ m+n Ï³ñ·³ÝÇ ³ÝÏÛáõÝ³·Í³ÛÇÝ Ù³ïñÇóÁ, ÁÝ¹ áñáõÙ K S –Á ¨
K R -Á Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý³µ³ñ m ¨ n Ï³ñ·³ÝÇ ³ÝÏÛáõÝ³·Í³ÛÇÝ Ù³ïñÇó-
Ý»ñ »Ý:
- 74 -
P S(P,r) r=1 r=2 r=3 r=4 r=5 r=6
S(1,r) 1
S(1,r-1) 1
S*(1,r) 1
1 0
S*(1,r-1) 1
σ(2,2r) 1
σ(2,2r-1) 2
0
S(2,r) -1 1
S(2,r-1) -1 2
S*(2,r) 1 1
2 0
S*(2,r-1) 1 2
σ(4,2r) -1 1
σ(4,2r-1) -2 4
0
S(3,r) 2 -3 1
S(3,r-1) 2 -6 3
S*(3,r) 2 3 1
3 0
S*(3,r-1) 2 6 3
σ(6,2r) 4 -5 1
σ(6,2r-1) 8 -20 6
S(4,r) -6 11 -6 1
S(4,r-1) -6 22 -18 4
S*(4,r) 6 11 6 1
4
S*(4,r-1) 6 22 18 4
σ(8,2r) -36 49 -14 1
σ(8,2r-1) -72 196 -84 8
S(5,r) 24 -50 35 -10 1
S(5,r-1) 24 -100 105 -40 5
S*(5,r) 24 50 35 10 1
5
S*(5,r-1) 24 100 105 40 5
σ(10,2r) 576 -820 273 -30 1
σ(10,2r-1) 1152 -3280 1638 -240 10
S(6,r) -120 274 -225 85 -15 1
S(6,r-1) -120 548 -675 340 -75 6
S*(6,r) 120 274 225 85 15 1
6
S*(6,r-1) 120 548 675 340 75 6
σ(12,2r) -14400 21076 -7645 1023 -55 1
σ(12,2r-1) -28800 94304 -45870 8184 -550 12
- 75 -
(3.43) áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÇ ¿ùëïñ»ÙáõÙÇ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ
ÏÝ»ñÏ³Û³óí»Ý Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç ÙÇçáóáíª
L ( X )  L( X )  2Q T ( X )  K Q  Q( X )  0 , (3.44)
T T
áñï»Õ L ( X )  ( L x ( X ),...,L x n ( X )) ¨ L( X )  ( Lx1 ( X ),...,Lxn ( X )) -Á
1
Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý³µ³ñ (3.43) ¨ (3.40) ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý»ñÇ ëáõµ·ñ³¹Ç»ÝïÁ ¨

·ñ³¹Ç»ÝïÝ »Ý (n ã³÷³ÝÇ í»ÏïáñÝ»ñ), ÇëÏ Q ( X ) -Áª Q ( X ) ÁÝ¹-
Ñ³Ýñ³óí³Í ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáÕ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ í»ÏïáñÇ (m+n)n ã³÷»ñáí
ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³óí³Í Û³ÏáµÛ³ÝÁ:
(3.44) ËÝ¹ñÇ ²²ê¶¸ìØ-Ý áõÝÇ ³ÛëåÇëÇ ï»ëùª
 
X ( t )   K X  L( X ( t ))  Q ( X ( t ))   Q , X ( 0 )  ?  X ,
T
(3.45)
 T T
Q   ST   RT   K Q  Q( X ( t ))  K S  S ( X ( t )) K R  R( X ( t ))
T T
 , (3.46)
áñï»Õ K X  diag ( k x1 ,..., k xn ) –Ý áõÅ»Õ³óÙ³Ý ·áñÍ³ÏÇóÝ»ñÇ n Ï³ñ·³ÝÇ
³ÝÏÛáõÝ³·Í³ÛÇÝ Ù³ïñÇóÝ ¿:
ì³Ûñ¿çùÇ Ñ»ï³·ÍÇ ÁÝÃ³óÇÏ Ï»ïÁ ÃáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇ ïÇñáõÛÃÇ Ý»ñëÝ
ÁÝÏÝ»Éáõ ¹»åùáõÙ (3.45), (3.46) Ùá¹»ÉÁ í»ñ³ÍíáõÙ ¿ ²²¶¸ìØ-Ç ¨ ÁÝ¹áõÝáõÙ ¿
Ñ»ï¨Û³É ï»ëùÁª
 
X ( t )   K X  L( X ( t ))  R ( X ( t ))   R , X ( 0 )  ?  X , (3.47)
T
Q  K R  R( X ( t )) , (3.48)
áñï»Õ R( X ( t )) –Ý (3.42) ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáÕ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý n

Ï³ñ·³ÝÇ Û³ÏáµÛ³ÝÝ ¿:
(3.45), (3.46) ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ²²ê¶¸ìø¶Ø-Ý áõÝÇ
³ÛëåÇëÇ ï»ëùª

X K ( t )   K X  L( X K )  Q T ( X K )   Q K ,  (3.49)
    K  S ( X K )  S ( X K )  X K ( t ) 
 Q K   S K    S  , (3.50)
  R K   K R  R( X K )  R( X K )  X K ( t ) 
X K  1  X K  X *K , X 0  ?  X , X K ( 0 )  ?, K , (3.51)
- 76 -
L( X K  1 )  L( X K )  LT ( X K )  X *K , (3.52)
ÇëÏ (3.47), (3.48) ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ²²ê¶¸ìø¶Ø-Áª

X K ( t )   K X  L( X K )  R T ( X K )   R K  , (3.53)
 R K  K R  R( X K )  R( X K )  X K ( t ) , (3.54)
X K  1  X K  X *K , X 0  ?  X , X K ( 0 )  ?, K , (3.55)
L( X K  1 )  L( X K )  LT ( X K )  X *K , (3.56)
ì»ñç³å»ë, (3.49) - (3.52) ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ²ìîÐ-Ý

³ÛëåÇëÇÝ ¿ª
X K l 1
 T

 E X  hQ K l  K X  Q ( X K )  K Q  Q( X K )  X K l 
(3.57)

 hK l  K X  L( X K )  Q T ( X K )  K Q  Q( X K ) , 
X K  1  X K   X K l , X 0  ?  X , X K 0  ? , (3.58)
l
L( X K  1 )  L( X K )  LT ( X K )   X K l , (3.59)
l
ÇëÏ (3.53) - (3.56) ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ²ìîÐ-Ýª ³ÛëåÇëÇÝª
X K l1
 
 E  X  h R K  K X   R T ( X K )  K R   R ( X K )   X K l 
(3.60)

 hRK  K X  L( X K )  R T ( X K )  K R  R( X K ) , 
X K  1  X K    X K l , X 0  ?  X , X K 0  ? , (3.61)
l
L( X K  1 )  L( X K )  LT ( X K )   X K l : (3.62)
l

ËÝ¹ÇñÁ [95]`
- 77 -
L( x 1 , x 2 )  ( x 1  a ) 2  ( x 2  b ) 2  min ,
x1 , x 2
2
C 1 ( x1 , x 2 )  x  x 2  0 ,
1
C 2 ( x1 , x 2 )  x2  4  0 ,
x1 , x 2  Z ,
áñï»Õ Z –Ý ³ÙµáÕç Ãí»ñÇ µ³½ÙáõÃÛáõÝÝ ¿:
ÈáõÍáõÙ: ÊÝ¹ñÇ »ñÏñ³ã³÷áõÃÛ³Ý áã µ³ñ¹ í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ, Ù³ëÝ³-
íáñ³å»ë (a,b) ½áõÛ·Ç 10 ï³ñµ»ñ³ÏÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ µ»ñáõÙ ¿ ³ÕÛ. 3.8-áõÙ Ý»ñÏ³-
Û³óí³Í ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÇÝ: ÊÝ¹ñÇ Ù»ù»Ý³Û³Ï³Ý Ùá¹»É³íáñÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÝ
³é³çÇÝ 3 ï³ñµ»ñ³ÏÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñª Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñÇ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï 5 ÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙ-
Ý»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óí³Í »Ý ³ÕÛ. 3.9-áõÙ: ÊÝ¹ñÇ Ùáï³íáñ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý
÷ÝïñÙ³Ý ¹ÇÝ³ÙÇÏ³Ý (3.45), (3.46) Ùá¹»ÉÇ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý ÑÇÙ³Ý íñ³ 2-ñ¹
ï³ñµ»ñ³ÏÇ 3-ñ¹ ÷áñÓ³ñÏÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ µ»ñí³Í ¿ ³ÕÛ. 3.10-áõÙ, ÇëÏ ³Û¹
Ùáï³ñÏÙ³Ý ×ß·ñïÙ³Ý ¹ÇÝ³ÙÇÏ³Ý ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ Çï»ñ³óÇ³Ý»ñÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ
(3.60)-(3.62) Ùá¹»ÉÇ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙª ³ÕÛ. 3.11-áõÙ: ²é³çÇÝ 3 ï³ñµ»-
ñ³ÏÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ËÝ¹ñÇ Ù»ù»Ý³Û³Ï³Ý Ùá¹»É³íáñÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÁ Ý»ñÏ³-
Û³óí³Í »Ý Ý³¨ ÝÏ. 3.4 - ÝÏ.3.6 –áõÙ: ÜÏ. 3.5 –áõÙ ¨ ÝÏ. 3.6-áõÙ óáõÛó »Ý ïñí³Í
Ý³¨ Ùáï³íáñ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ ÙÇÝã¨ ³ÙµáÕç³Ãí³ÛÝáõÃÛ³Ý ×ß·ñïÙ³Ý ýñ³·-
Ù»ÝïÝ»ñÁª Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý³µ³ñ 2-ñ¹ ï³ñµ»ñ³ÏÇ 3-ñ¹ ÷áñÓ³ñÏÙ³Ý ¨
3-ñ¹ ï³ñµ»ñ³ÏÇ 2-ñ¹ ÷áñÓ³ñÏÙ³Ý ¹»åù»ñáõÙ:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
a 1 4 3 2 -3 -0.5 -2 -3 -0.5 -0.5
b 5 3 2 -1 -1 5 2.5 1.5 0.5 2.5
x*1 1 2 1 1 0 -1 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 0 -1 -1 -1 0 0
x *2 4 4 2 1 0 1 4 4 2 3 1 2 0 1 1 2 3 3 2
L* 1 5 4 5 8 1.25 1.25 4.25 0.5 0.5
- 78 -
ö. a b x10 x20 H  Ku1 Ku2 Kμ1 Kμ2
-7
1 5 10
5 5·10-5
2 10-4
-5
3 1 5 10-6 10 10 10 10
-5 10-5
4 5 10-4
5 0 2 10-4 10-6
6 4
5 5·10-5 10 10 10 10
7 -4
10-10
8 4 3 -3
-3 10-5 30
9 3 20 20 20
10 1 1 10-4 10-11 20
11 3 5 10 10 5 5
10-11
12 3 10-4 25 25 10 10
-3
13 3 2 -3 10-9
14 3 -1 10-5 10 10 5 5
10-11
15 -0.5 2 10-4
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 3.9 –Ç ß³ñáõÝ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ
ö. KI x1 x2 L x*1 x*2 L*
1 363 1.000019 4.024390 0.951815
2 190 0.980656 4.024390 0.952208
3 1030 0.992086 4.024389 0.951878 1 4 1
4 483 0.900473 4.024389 0.961820
5 186 0.999904 4.024390 0.951813
6 5 2.101977 4.009692 4.513500
7 1450 1.960786 3.519696 4.428478
8 1150 1.980845 3.764474 4.661409 2 4 5
9 1020 1.980825 3.764394 4.661368
10 760 1.925140 3.537789 4.594270
11 250 1.693495 2.385748 1.855756
12 50 1.637298 2.419917 2.033004 1 2 4
13 292 1.693493 2.385741 1.855756
- 79 -
KI x1 x2 L
0 -3.000000 -3.000000 85.000000
1 -1.701414 -2.382093 77.964960
2 -1.229241 -2.083717 58.349400
3 -0.951724 -1.866687 51.028980
4 -0.761277 -1.690112 46.516240
5 -0.618985 -1.538701 43.269160
6 -0.506674 -1.404981 40.738540
7 -0.414489 -1.284692 38.668400
8 -0.336527 -1.175141 36.919250
9 -0.268990 -1.074494 35.406730
10 -0.209304 -0.981424 34.075800
100 1.477822 1.992933 7.407197
500 1.974088 3.737382 4.648340
900 1.980748 3.764084 4.661209
1150 1.980845 3.764474 4.661409
KI x1 x2 L
0 1.990 3.760 4.618
1 1.990 3.997 5.033
2 1.990 3.998 5.035
3 1.991 3.999 5.036
4 1.991 3.999 5.037
5 1.991 4.000 5.037
6 1.991 4.000 5.037
7 1.992 4.000 5.037
- 80 -
6
(-5,5) L=1
5 (5,5)
4
(-2,4) (2,4)
3
0
x1
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5 (5,-5)
(-5,-5)
-6
ÜÏ. 3.4
6 x2
(-4,5)
5
(2,4)
4
3
(4,3)
2
1 L=5
x2
0 x1
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
-1 4
-2 (1.99;3.76)
(-3,-3)
-3 (3,-3) 3.5
-4
-5 (1.99;3) x1
1.995 2
-6
ÜÏ. 3.5
- 81 -
6 x2
5
(3,5)
(-2,4) (2,4)
4
3
L=4
(-3,3)
2
(3,2)
1
0
x2
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
x
6 1
-1 3
(3,-1)
-2
(-3,-3)
-3 2.5
(1.63;2.41)
-4
-5 (0;2) 1.2 2 3 4 x1
-6
ÜÏ. 3.6
3.1.2.2. Ø³ëÝ³ÏÇáñ»Ý ³ÙµáÕç³ÃÇí ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñ

Ø³Ã»Ù³ïÇÏ³Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñ³íáñÙ³Ý ³ÙµáÕç³å»ë ³ÙµáÕç³ÃÇí ËÝ¹Çñ-
Ý»ñÇ Ï³ñ¨áñ³·áõÛÝ »ÝÃ³¹³ë »Ý Ï³½ÙáõÙ, ³Ûëå»ë Ïáãí³Í, Ù³ëÝ³ÏÇáñ»Ý
³ÙµáÕç³ÃÇí ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÁ: ²ÏÝÑ³Ûï ¿, áñ Ýñ³Ýù Ñ»ßïáõÃÛ³Ùµ ï»Õ³íáñíáõÙ
»Ý (3.40)-(3.42) ëË»Ù³ÛÇ Ù»ç, áñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ (3.32) ï»ëùÇ ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñ
ã»Ý ¹ñíáõÙ áã ³ÙµáÕç³ÃÇí ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ íñ³: ²Û¹ ¹»åùáõÙ, ãÝ³Û³Í
ËÝ¹ñÇ ã³÷³ÛÝáõÃÛ³Ý å³Ñå³ÝÙ³ÝÁ, ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáÕ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ù³Ý³ÏÁ
÷áùñ³ÝáõÙ ¿ ³Û¹åÇëÇ áã ³ÙµáÕç³ÃÇí ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ ù³Ý³ÏÇ ã³÷áí:
²Ûë Ñ³Ý·³Ù³ÝùÁ, ÇÝãå»ë Ñ³ÛïÝÇ ¿ [65] , ³é³ÝÓÝ³å»ë Ï³ñ¨áñ ¿ ûåïÇÙ³-
É³óÙ³Ý ÁÝ¹Ñ³ï ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñáõÙ, ù³ÝÇ áñ ³ÛÝ, ÙÝ³ó³Í µáÉáñ Ñ³í³ë³ñ å³Û-
Ù³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ, Ýß³Ý³Ï³ÉÇáñ»Ý Ñ»ßï³óÝáõÙ ¿ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ
ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ ëï³Ý³ÉÁ: ì»ñçÇÝÇë ³ÝÙÇç³Ï³Ýáñ»Ý Ýå³ëïáõÙ ¿ Ñ»Ýó ÇÝùÁª
¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É í³Ûñ¿çùÇ Ù»Ãá¹Áª Ýñ³ ³ëÇÙåïáïÇÏáñ»Ý – Ùáï³íáñ µÝáõÛÃÇ
ßÝáñÑÇí:
- 82 -
ËÝ¹ÇñÁ [52].
L( x 1 , x 2 )  x 12  x 22  4  x 1  4 ,144  x 2  min ,
x1 , x 2
2 2
c 1 ( x 1 , x 2 )  4  x  9  x  36  0 ,
1 2
c 2 ( x 1 , x 2 )  x 1  0 ,8  x 2  3  0 ,
áñï»Õ x 1 –Ý ³ÙµáÕç³ÃÇí ÷á÷áË³Ï³Ý ¿, ÇëÏ ûåïÇÙ³É ÉáõÍáõÙÁª
x *1  2 ; x *2  1 ,125 ; L*  7 ,6175 ëï³óí»É ¿ sin x 1   ( x 1 )  0 ³ÝÁÝ¹-
Ñ³ï Ó¨³÷áËáõÃÛ³Ý û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý ×³Ý³å³ñÑáí:
ÈáõÍáõÙ: Æ ï³ñµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ í»ñçÇÝ Ó¨³÷áËáõÃÛ³Ýª x 1 –Ç ³ÙµáÕç³Ãí³Û-
ÝáõÃÛ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ ³å³Ñáí»Ýù Áëï (3.32) –Ç ª
 ( x 1 )  x 12  ( x 12  1 )  ( x 12  4 )  ( x 12  9 )  0
Ó¨³÷áËáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇçáóáí, Ý³Ë³å»ë »ÝÃ³¹ñ»Éáí, áñ x 1 –Á Ï³ñáÕ ¿ ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñ
ÁÝ¹áõÝ»É 0,  1,  2,  3 ¨  4 ³ÙµáÕç Ãí»ñÇ µ³½ÙáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³:
(3.45) , (3.46) Ùá¹»ÉÇ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ 5 ÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ
³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÁ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óí³Í »Ý ³ÕÛ. 3.12-áõÙ, ÇëÏ 4-ñ¹ ÷áñÓ³ñÏÙ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ
ËÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ÷ÝïñÙ³Ý ¹ÇÝ³ÙÇÏ³Ýª ³ÕÛ. 3.13-áõÙ (ÝÏ³ï»Ýù, áñ 1-ÇÝ ¨ 5-ñ¹
÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ í»ñóí»É »Ý ÇÝï»·ñÙ³Ý Ñ³ëï³ïáõÝ ù³ÛÉ»ñª
Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý³µ³ñ h  10 7 ¨ h  4 ,5  10 7 , ÇëÏ ÙÝ³ó³Í ÷áñÓ³ñ-
ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ ¹»åù»ñáõÙ ÇÝï»·ñÙ³Ý ÷á÷áË³Ï³Ý ù³ÛÉ»ñ (ÇÝãå»ë 4-ñ¹
÷áñÓ³ñÏÙ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ; ï»’ë ³ÕÛ. 3.13)): ÜÏ. 3.7-áõÙ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óí³Í »Ý ËÝ¹ñÇ
ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ÷ÝïñÙ³Ý Ñ»ï³·Í»ñÁª Çñ³Ï³Ý³óí³Í ÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ:

- 83 -
KI x10 x20 k1 k2 x1 x2 KI L
1 3.5 4.5 224 224 2.0000 1.2528 610 -7.6220
2 -2 3 10 100 1.9999 1.2565 910 -7.6282
3 3.5 -3.5 50 500 2.0000 1.1951 1570 -7.5242
4 -2 -3.5 100 1 2.0000 1.2463 750 -7.6113
5 -1 1 100 0.05 1.9790 1.2195 2580 -7.5659
h x1 x2 KI L
-2 -3.5 0 38.7540
-1.5734 -3.4996 1 34.4798
-1.4100 -3.4991 2 34.3327
-1.3069 -3.4987 3 33.6669
-1.2323 -3.4983 4 33.1801
-1.1743 -3.4979 5 32.8055
-1
10 , KI[0, 100] -1.1270 -3.49875 6 32.5039
-1.0873 -3.4971 7 32.2529
-1.0531 -3.4967 8 32.0389
-1.0232 -3.4963 9 31.8529
-0.9967 -3.4959 10 31.6888
-0.7353 -3.4882 30 30.1047
-0.6251 -3.4807 50 29.4302
10-8, KI[101, 200] 0.6925 -1.9581 150 9.6580
10-7, KI[201, 300] 1.0015 -1.8607 250 8.1701
-7
5·10 , KI[301, 400] 1.0017 -1.6287 350 6.3987
1.0017 -1.1101 450 2.8288
2.0000 0.3396 550 -5.2919
10-6, KI[401, 750]
2 1.1136 650 -7.3746
2 1.2463 750 -7.6113
- 84 -
x2 (3.5;4.5)
L=-7
(-2;3) L=-6 L=5.14
3
L=-7.61
L=0
2
L=-2
(-1;1)
1
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 -3 4 5 x1
-1
c2=0
-2
c1=0
-3
(-2;-3.5) (3.5;-3.5)
-4
ÜÏ. 3.7
3.1.2.3. ´Çí³É»Ýï ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñ
Ø³Ã»Ù³ïÇÏ³Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñ³íáñÙ³Ý ß³ï ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñ ÃáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇ Ùáï³-

íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ Ñ³×³Ë Ñ³Ý·»óíáõÙ »Ý µáõÉÛ³Ý ÷á÷áË³-
Ï³ÝÝ»ñáí ³ÙµáÕç³ÃÇí Íñ³·ñ³íáñÙ³Ý ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ [58,85], ãÝ³Û³Í áñ
Ï³ñ¨áñ Ýß³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»Ý Ý³¨ Ñ»Ýó Çñ»Ýùª µáõÉÛ³Ý Íñ³·ñ³íáñÙ³Ý
ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝù Ñ³×³Ë »Ý Ñ³Ý¹ÇåáõÙ ·áñÍÝ³Ï³ÝáõÙ: ²Û¹åÇëÇ ËÝ¹Çñ-
Ý»ñÇ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ³é³ÝÓÝ³Ñ³ïÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ å³ÛÙ³Ý³íáñí³Í ¿ ³ÛÝ Ñ³Ý·³-
- 85 -
Ù³Ýùáí, áñ Ýñ³Ýó ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÝ ÁÝ¹áõÝáõÙ »Ý ÙÇÙÇ³ÛÝ »ñÏáõ ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñª
0 Ï³Ù 1: ²Û¹ ¹»åùáõÙ (3.40) - (3.42) ËÝ¹ÇñÁ í»ñ ¿ ³ÍíáõÙ ³ÛëåÇëÇ
Ï»ñå³÷áËí³Í ËÝ¹ñÇª
L( X )  min , (3.63)
X
S( X )  0 , (3.64)
R2 ( X )  0 , (3.65)
áñï»Õ R2 ( X )  ( R2 ( x 1 ),..., R2 ( x n ))T - Á ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáÕ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ
Ï³Ù, áñ ÝáõÛÝÝ ¿, (3.26) ï»ëùÇ ³ñï³¹ñáÕ ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý»ñÇ n ã³÷³ÝÇ

í»ÏïáñÝ ¿, ÁÝ¹ áñáõÙ
2
R2 ( x i )   S ( 2 , r )  x ir  x i ( x i  1 )  0 , i  1 , n : (3.66)
r 1
ì»ñçÇÝÝ»ñë ³ÙµáÕçáõÃÛ³Ùµ Ñ³ÙÁÝÏÝáõÙ »Ý Ñ³ÛïÝÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÇ Ñ»ï [52] :

²ÛëåÇëáí, µáõÉÛ³Ý Íñ³·ñ³íáñÙ³Ý ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÁ ¨ë ÉÇáíÇÝ ï»Õ³íáñíáõÙ
»Ý (3.40) - (3.42) ëË»Ù³ÛÇ Ù»ç, ÇÑ³ñÏ» ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³óí³Í n+m ã³÷³ÝÇ
ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáÕ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ Q( X )  ( S1 ( X ),, Sm ( X ) R2 ( x1 ),R2 ( xn ))T
í»ÏïáñÇ ¨ n (n+m) ã³÷³ÝÇ ïñ³ÝëåáÝ³óí³Í
  
Q T  X   S  X R2  X   S  X  diag2 x 1  1,...,2 x n  1 (3.67)
T T T

Û³ÏáµÛ³ÝÇ ×ßïáõÃÛ³Ùµ:
ú·ï³·áñÍ»Éáí µáõÉÛ³Ý ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ Ï³éáõóí³Íù³ÛÇÝ ³é³ÝÓÝ³Ñ³ï-
ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, ëï³Ý³Ýù (3.63) - (3.65) ËÝ¹ñÇ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñÅ»ùÁ,
áñÁ å³ñáõÝ³ÏáõÙ ¿ Ýß³Ý³Ï³ÉÇáñ»Ý ³í»ÉÇ ùÇã ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùµ ë³ÑÙ³Ý³-
÷³ÏáÕ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñ (³·ñ»·³óí³Í ËÝ¹Çñ)ª ³Ûëï»ÕÇó µËáÕ ÙÇ ß³ñù Ï³ñ¨áñ
Ñ³Ý·³Ù³ÝùÝ»ñáí Ñ³Ý¹»ñÓ:
- 86 -
²ÛëåÇëáí, ¹Çï³ñÏ»Ýù ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Áª
b1 ( X )  (cos 2X )T  e  n  0 , (3.68)
b2 ( X )  X T  ( X  e )  0 , (3.69)
T
áñï»Õ cos 2 πX  (cos 2 πx 1 ,..., cos 2 πx n ) -Á n ã³÷³ÝÇ í»Ïïáñ ¿, ÇëÏ
e=(1,...,1)T – Áª n Ñ³ï 1-Ç Ñ³í³ë³ñ µ³Õ³¹ñÇãÝ»ñáí n ã³÷³ÝÇ í»ÏïáñÁ:
²ÏÝÑ³Ûï ¿, áñ (3.68) Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÁ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñ áõÝÇ ³ÙµáÕç Ãí»ñÇ µ³½Ùáõ-
ÃÛ³Ý íñ³, ÇëÏ (3.69) Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÁ (3.68) Ñ³í³ë³ñÙ³Ý Ñ»ï Ù»Ïï»Õª ³Û¹
µ³½ÙáõÃÛ³Ý µáõÉÛ³Ý ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñáí »ÝÃ³µ³½ÙáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³: ²Û¹ ¹»åùáõÙ
áõÝ»Ýù m+2 ã³÷³ÝÇ ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷áÕ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ
Q( X )  ( s 1 ( X ),..., s m ( X ) b1 ( X ), b2 ( X ))T
í»ÏïáñÁ ¨
 T
Q T ( X )  S ( X )b1 ( X )b2 ( X )   (3.70)
 S T
( X )  2    SIN 2X  2  X  e 
Û³ÏáµÛ³ÝÁ (áñï»Õ SIN 2 πX  (sin 2 πx 1 ,..., sin 2 πx n )T -Á n ã³÷³ÝÇ
í»Ïïáñ ¿), áñáÝó ×ßïáõÃÛ³Ùµ ¿É áõÅÇ Ù»ç »Ý ÙÝáõÙ (3.45), (3.46); (3.47), (3.48);
(3.49)- (3.52); (3.53)-(3.56); (3.57)-(3.59); (3.60)-(3.62) ëË»Ù³Ý»ñÁ:
µÇí³É»Ýï ËÝ¹ÇñÁ [52].

- 87 -
L( x 1 ,..., x 5 )  4  x 1  2  x 2  x 3  3  x 4  x 5  min ,
x 1 ,..., x 5
c 1 ( x 1 ,..., x 5 )  x 1  x 2  2  x 3  4  x 4  6  x 5  6  0 ,
c 2 ( x 1 ,..., x 5 )  x 1  2  x 2  5  x 3  x 4  x 5  2  0 ,
c 3 ( x 1 ,..., x 5 )   x 2  2  x 3  3  x 4  x 5  1  0 ,
x i  0 ;1, i  1 ,5 ,
áñÇ x *1  x *2  x *4  0 ; x *3  x *5  1 ; L*  0 ûåïÇÙ³É ÉáõÍáõÙÝ ëï³óí»É ¿
 ( x i )  x i  ( 1  x i )  0 , i  1 ,5 , ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï Ó¨³÷áËáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ û·ï³-

·áñÍÙ³Ý ×³Ý³å³ñÑáí:
ÈáõÍáõÙ: Æ ï³ñµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ í»ñçÇÝ Ó¨³÷áËáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇª x i , i  1 ,5 ,
÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ µáõÉÛ³Ý ÉÇÝ»Éáõ Ñ»ï Ï³åí³Í ³é³ÝÓÝ³Ñ³ïÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ

Ñ³ßíÇ ³éÝ»Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí û·ïí»Ýù (3.68), (3.69) ï»ëùÇ ³·ñ»·³óÝáÕ
ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Çó, áñÁ ÏáÝÏñ»ï ¹»åùáõÙ ÏáõÝ»Ý³
5
b1 ( x 1 ,..., x 5 )   cos 2x i  5  0 ,
i 1
5
b2 ( x 1 ,..., x 5 )   x i  ( x i  1 )  0 :
i1
(3.45), (3.46) Ùá¹»ÉÇ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý, µáÉáñ ÑÝ³ñ³íáñ ï³ñµ»ñ³ÏÝ»ñÇ

(25) ÁÝïñáõÃÛ³Ý, ÇÝãå»ë Ý³¨ h  10 8 ,   10 11 ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ Ñ³ß-
í³ñÏÝ»ñÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÁ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óí³Í »Ý ³ÕÛ. 3.14-áõÙ, ÇëÏ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý
÷ÝïñÙ³Ý ¹ÇÝ³ÙÇÏ³Ý 3-ñ¹ ÷áñÓ³ñÏÙ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙª ³ÕÛ. 3.15-áõÙ: ²ÕÛ. 3.16-
áõÙ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óí³Í ¿ Ùáï³íáñ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ×ß·ñïÙ³Ý ¹ÇÝ³ÙÇÏ³Ý k 1  500 ,
k 2  5  10 7 , h  10 11 ,   10 11 ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ:
- 88 -
î³ñµ. k1 k2 x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 KI L
00000 600 600 -0.0109 -0.0031 0.0105 0.0059 1.0027 2000 -0.9249
00001 300 300 -0.0143 -0.0060 1.0015 0.0150 0.9937 700 0.1223
00010 300 300 -0.0097 -0.0049 1.0029 0.0061 0.9889 710 0.0811
00011 200 200 0.0541 0.0083 0.1252 0.9458 1.8499 62 0.8795
00100 600 600 -0.0064 -0.0053 1.0059 -0.0049 0.9770 150 0.0506
00101 î³ï³ÝáõÙÝ»ñ Ý³ËÝ³Ï³Ý Ï»ïÇ ßáõñç k 1 , k 2 , h
00110 200 200 -0.0111 -0.0064 1.0073 0.0222 0.9979 200 0.1331
00111 600 600 0.0286 0.0286 1.0482 0.8861 1.1914 69 -2.3436
01000 200 200 0.0170 0.9548 0.1440 -0.0358 0.9822 117 -2.3436
01001 500 500 0.0174 0.9549 0.1439 -0.0361 0.9823 155 -2.9261
01010 300 300 -0.0003 0.9964 0.9920 0.0043 1.0171 100 -2.0088
01011 220 220 0.0171 0.9548 0.1439 -0.0359 0.9823 112 -2.9239
01100 700 700 0.0199 1.0222 1.0437 -0.0898 0.3556 166 -1.7053
01110 200 200 -0.0128 1.0001 1.0069 0.0022 1.0013 180 -1.8759
10000 5000 5000 0.9954 -0.0064 -0.0007 0.0023 0.9995 500 -4.9620
10001 î³ï³ÝáõÙÝ»ñ Ý³ËÝ³Ï³Ý Ï»ïÇ ßáõñç k 1 , k 2 ,h
10010 200 200 0.9930 -0.0168 0.0039 0.0135 1.0039 380 -4.8987
10011 300 300 0.926 0.0471 0.0472 0.0474 1.8348 38 -5.5500
10100 300 300 0.9882 -0.0099 1.0010 0.0008 0.9918 220 -3.9133
10110 300 300 0.9872 -0.0058 1.0105 0.0105 1.0050 210 -3.9000
10111 300 300 1.0142 0.0243 1.0346 0.9148 1.1196 100 -1.2498
11000 200 200 1.0001 1.0036 0.0032 0.0040 0.9717 300 -7.0003
11010 300 300 0.9970 0.9990 1.0011 0.0073 1.0071 350 -5.9181
11011 300 300 1.0000 1.0016 0.0046 0.0108 1.0096 200 -6.9755
11100 300 300 0.9906 0.9906 1.0156 0.0016 0.9947 200 -5.9318
11110 300 300 0.9910 0.9969 1.0157 0.0094 1.0027 100 -5.9139
- 89 -
x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 KI L
0 0 0 1 0 0 -3
0.2710 0.1131 0.5737 -0.1543 1.3323 1 19.2771
0.1170 0.0188 0.8314 -0.0553 1.2479 2 -3.4403
0.0521 0.0084 0.9186 -0.0214 1.1371 3 0.1332
0.0394 0.0068 0.9382 -0.0153 1.1045 4 0.3719
0.0330 0.0060 0.9483 -0.0122 1.0870 5 0.3170
0.0289 0.0054 0.9546 -0.0102 1.0758 6 0.2777
0.0260 0.0050 0.9591 -0.0089 1.0680 7 0.2494
0.0239 0.0047 0.9642 -0.0078 1.0620 8 0.2279
0.0221 0.0045 0.9650 -0.0070 1.0574 9 0.2109
0.0207 0.0043 0.9672 -0.0064 1.0536 10 0.1969
0.0099 0.0020 0.9821 -0.0014 1.0281 30 0.0938
0.0058 0.0007 0.9863 -0.0008 1.0211 50 0.0571
0.0030 -0.0002 0.9885 0.0026 1.0173 70 0.0325
-0.0003 -0.0014 0.9906 0.0052 1.0135 100 0.0035
x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 KI L
-0.0003 -0.0014 0.9906 0.0052 1.0135 0 0.0033
-0.0003 -0.0012 0.9915 0.0047 1.0121 1 0.0049
-0.0002 -0.0011 0.9922 0.0043 1.0111 2 0.0042
-0.0002 -0.0010 0.9927 0.0040 1.0103 3 0.0037
-0.0001 -0.0009 0.9932 0.0038 1.0096 4 0.0033
-0.0001 -0.0009 0.9935 0.0036 1.0091 5 0.0030
-0.0001 -0.0008 0.9939 0.0034 1.0086 6 0.0027
-0.0001 -0.0008 0.9941 0.0033 1.0082 7 0.0025
-0.0001 -0.0007 0.9944 0.0031 1.0079 8 0.0024
-0.0001 -0.0007 0.9946 0.0030 1.0076 9 0.0022
-0.0000 -0.0007 0.9948 0.0029 1.0073 10 0.0021
-0.0000 -0.0002 0.9987 0.0008 1.0019 210 0.0005
-0.0000 -0.0001 0.9990 0.0005 1.0014 410 0.0003
-0.0000 -0.0001 0.9992 0.0005 1.0011 610 0.0002
-0.0000 -0.0001 0.9993 0.0004 1.0010 810 0.0002
- 90 -
3.1.2.4. äë¨¹áµáõÉÛ³Ý ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñ
Ø³Ã»Ù³ïÇÏ³Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñ³íáñÙ³Ý ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ Ù»Í µ³½ÙáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç

Ûáõñ³ï»ë³Ï ï»Õ »Ý ½µ³Õ»óÝáõÙ, ³Ûëå»ë Ïáãí³Í, åë¨¹áµáõÉÛ³Ý ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÁ
[85,120], áñáÝù áõÝ»Ý ³ÛëåÇëÇ ï»ëùª
L( X , X )  min , (3.71)
X ,X
C( X , X )  0 , (3.72)
x i  0 ;1 , i  1 , n , (3.73)
x i  0 ;1 , i  1 , n , (3.74)
áñï»Õª L( X , X ) -Á áñ³ÏÇ ëÏ³ÉÛ³ñ ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ ¿;
C ( X , X )  ( C 1 ( X , X ),..., C m ( X , X ))T -Áª ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáÕ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ m
ã³÷³ÝÇ í»ÏïáñÁ; X  ( X 1 ,..., X n )T -Áª ÷ÝïñíáÕ ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ n
ã³÷³ÝÇ í»ÏïáñÁ, X  ( X 1 ,..., X n )T - Áª ÷ÝïñíáÕ ÇÝí»ñë ÷á÷áË³Ï³Ý-

Ý»ñÇ n ã³÷³ÝÇ í»ÏïáñÁ, áñÁ (3.73)-ÇÝ ¨ (3.74) –ÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý,
µ³Õ³¹ñÇã ³é µ³Õ³¹ñÇã µ³í³ñ³ñáõÙ ¿ Ñ»ï¨Û³É ×ßÙ³ñÇï ³ëáõÛÃÝ»ñÇÝ [2].
b1 i ( x i ,x i )  x i  x i  1  0 , i  1 ,n , (3.75)
b2 i ( x i ,x i )  x i  x i  0 , i  1 ,n , (3.76)
Ï³Ù ¿É í»Ïïáñ³Ï³Ý ï»ëùáí Ñ»ï¨Û³É Ý»ñÏ³Û³óáõÙÝ»ñÇÝª
B1 ( X , X )  b11 ( X , X ),..., b1n ( X , X )  0 ,

T
(3.77)
B 2 ( X , X )  b21 ( X , X ),..., b2 n ( X , X )  0 :
T
(3.78)
Ð»ï¨»Éáí (1.24)–ÇÝª (3.72) ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÁ Ñ³Ý·»óÝ»Ýù
S C ( X , X )  E  SIGNC( X , X )  C ( X , X )  0 (3.79)
Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·ÇÝ, ÇëÏ ÁÝ¹Ñ³ï Ã³Ï»ñÛ³Ý ïÇåÇ
(3.71) -(3.74) ËÝ¹ÇñÁª 2n ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñáí Ñ»ï¨Û³É É³·ñ³ÝÅ³ÛÇÝ ïÇåÇ
ËÝ¹ñÇÝª
- 91 -
L( X,X )  min , 3.80)
X,X

Q( X,X )  S T ( X , X ) B1T ( X , X ) B2T ( X , X ) 
T
0, (3.81)
áñï»Õª Q ( X,X ) -Á Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ï»ëùáí ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáÕ å³ÛÙ³Ý-
Ý»ñÇ m+2n ã³÷³ÝÇ í»ÏïáñÝ ¿:
(3.80), (3.81) ËÝ¹ñÇ ÁÝ¹É³ÛÝí³Í áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ áõÝÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É ï»ëùÁª
L ( X,X )  L( X,X )  Q T ( X,X )  K Q  Q( X,X ) , (3.82)

áñï»Õª K Q  diag K S  K B –Á  m+2n Ï³ñ·³ÝÇ ³ÝÏÛáõÝ³·Í³ÛÇÝ Ù³ïñÇó ¿,
ÁÝ¹ áñáõÙ K S –Á m Ï³ñ·³ÝÇ ³ÝÏÛáõÝ³·Í³ÛÇÝ Ù³ïñÇó ¿, ÇëÏ K B –Ý` 2n Ï³ñ-

·³ÝÇ ³ÝÏÛáõÝ³·Í³ÛÇÝ Ù³ïñÇó:
(3.82) áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÇ ¿ùëïñ»ÙáõÙÇ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ ïñíáõÙ
»Ý Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·áíª
L ( X,X )  L( X,X )  Q T ( X,X )  K Q  Q( X,X )  0 , (3.83)
áñï»Õ
L ( X,X )  ( L X 1 ( X,X ), , L X n ( X,X ) L X 1 ( X,X ), L X n ( X,X ))T –Á ¨
L( X,X )  ( L X 1 ( X,X ), , LX n ( X,X )L X 1 ( X,X ),L X n ( X,X ))T -Áª
Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý³µ³ñ (3.82) ¨ (3.80) ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý»ñÇ ëáõµ·ñ³¹Ç»ÝïÁ ¨
·ñ³¹Ç»ÝïÝ »Ý (2n ã³÷³ÝÇ í»ÏïáñÝ»ñ): ²Û¹ ¹»åùáõÙ ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³óí³Í
T
Q TX ( X,X ) E diag ( x 1 , x n )
Q ( X,X )   T  (3.84)
Q X ( X,X ) E diag ( x 1 , x n ) 
Û³ÏáµÛ³ÝÁ 2n(m+2n) ã³÷³ÝÇ Ù³ïñÇó ¿, áñï»Õ E -»ñÁ n Ï³ñ·³ÝÇ ÙÇ³íáñ
Ù³ïñÇóÝ»ñ »Ý:
²²ê¶¸ìØ-Ý áõÝÇ ³ÛëåÇëÇ ï»ëùª
 X ( t ) 
  
   K X , X  L( X ( t ), X ( t ))  Q T ( X ( t ), X ( t ))   Q , 
 X ( t ) (3.85)
X T

( 0 ) X T ( 0 )
T
 ?X ,
- 92 -
Q   ST   BT   BT 
T
1 2
 K Q  Q( X ( t ), X ( t )) , (3.86)
áñï»Õ K X , X  diag ( K X , K X ) –Ý áõÅ»Õ³óÙ³Ý ·áñÍ³ÏÇóÝ»ñÇ 2n Ï³ñ·³ÝÇ
³ÝÏÛáõÝ³·Í³ÛÇÝ Ù³ïñÇóÝ ¿, ÇëÏ K X –Á ¨ K X -Á n Ï³ñ·³ÝÇ ³ÝÏÛáõÝ³·Í³ÛÇÝ

Ù³ïñÇóÝ»ñ:
²²ê¶¸ìø¶Ø-Ý ³ÛëåÇëÇÝ ¿ª
 X K ( t ) 
    T
 X ( t )    K X ,X  L( X K , X K )  Q ( X K , X K )   Q K ,  (3.87)
 K 
  X K ( t )  
 Q K  K Q  Q( X K , X K )  Q( X K , X K )     , (3.88)
   X K ( t ) 
 X K 1   X K   X *K  X 0  ?  X , X K ( 0 )  ?, K ,
       ,
* 
(3.89)
 X K 1   X K   X K  X 0  ?  X , X K ( 0 )  ?, K ,

L( X K  1 , X K  1 )  L( X K , X K )  LT ( X K , X K )  X KT  X KT
*

* T
: (3.90)
(3.87) - (3.90) ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ²ìîÐ-Ý áõÝÇ ³ÛëåÇëÇ

ï»ëùª
 X Kl  1   X Kl 
  T
  
 X K   EX ,X  hQ K  KX ,X  Q ( X K , X K ) KQ  Q( X K , X K )   X K   (3.91)
 l 1   l 

 hQK  KX ,X  L( X K , X K )  QT ( X K , X K ) KQ  Q( X K , X K ) , 
 
 X K l 
 X K 1   X K  X 0  ?  X , X K 0  ?,
       l  , X  ?  X , X  ?, (3.92)
 X K 1   X K    X K l  0 K0
 l 
T T T
    
T 
L( X K 1 , X K 1 )  L( X K , X K )  L ( X K , X K )   X Kl   X Kl  , (3.93)
 l   l  

áñï»Õ E X ,X –Á 2n Ï³ñ·³ÝÇ Ù³ïñÇó ¿:
ÂáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇ ïÇñáõÛÃÇÝ å³ïÏ³ÝáÕ í³Ûñ¿çùÇ Ñ»ï³·ÍÇ ÁÝÃ³óÇÏ
Ï»ï»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ (3.85), (3.86); (3.87) - (3.90) ¨ (3.91) - (3.93) ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí
- 93 -
ÝÏ³ñ³·ñíáÕ ²²ê¶¸ìØ-Á, ²²ê¶¸ìø¶Ø-Á ¨ ²ìîÐ- Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÁ í»ñ³ë»ñíáõÙ
»Ý ²²¶¸ìØ-Ç , ²²¶¸ìø¶Ø-Ç ¨ ²ìîÐ-Ç, áñáÝó ¹»åùáõÙ Q( X , X )
í»ÏïáñÇ ÷áË³ñ»Ý ·áñÍáõÙ »Ý

B( X , X )  B1T ( X , X )B 2T ( X , X ) 
T
0 (3.94)
í»ÏïáñÁ ¨ 2n Ï³ñ·³ÝÇ
E diag ( x 1 ,..., x n )
B T ( X , X )   (3.95)
E diag ( x 1 ,..., x n )
ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý Û³ÏáµÛ³ÝÁ, áñÁ ë»ñíáõÙ ¿ (3.84) Ù³ïñÇóÇó:
ºí, í»ñç³å»ë, ¹Çï³ñÏ»Ýù åë¨¹áµáõÉÛ³Ý ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ ³·ñ»·³óí³Í
Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÁ: ²Û¹ Ýå³ï³Ïáí Ï³½Ù»Ýù ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É
Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Áª
b1 ( X , X )  (cos X )T  (cos X )  n  0 , (3.96)
b2 ( X , X )  X T  X  X T  X  n  0 , (3.97)
b3 ( X , X )  ( X T  X T )  e  n  0 , (3.98)
áñï»Õ cos X  (cos x 1 ,..., cos x n )T –Á ¨ cos X  (cos x 1 ,..., cos x n )T -

T
Á n ã³÷³ÝÇ ýáõÝÏóÇáÝ³É í»ÏïáñÝ»ñ »Ý, ÇëÏ e  ( 1 ,...,1 ) -Áª n Ñ³ï 1-
»ñÇó µ³ÕÏ³ó³Í n ã³÷³ÝÇ í»Ïïáñ:
(3.96) ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³å³ÑáíáõÙ ¿ ËÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ ëï³óáõÙÁ x i ,
x i , i  1 , n ³ÙµáÕç Ãí»ñÇ µ³½ÙáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³: ²Û¹ ¹»åùáõÙ xi  x i , i  1, n

Ù»ÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ áñáß ¹ñ³Ï³Ý Ï³Ù µ³ó³ë³Ï³Ý Ï»Ýï Ãí»ñ »Ý: (3.97)
³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÁ (3.96) – Ç Ñ»ï ÙÇ³ëÇÝ ³å³ÑáíáõÙ »Ý x i  x i  1 , i  1, n
å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»Ý³ÉÁ: ºí, í»ñç³å»ë, (3.98) ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÁ (3.96) –Ç ¨
(3.97) -Ç Ñ»ï Ñ³Ù³ï»Õ ³å³ÑáíáõÙ »Ý x i  x i  1 , x i  0 , x i  1 , i  1 , n
Ï³Ù ¿É x i  x i  1 , x i  1 , x i  0 , i  1 , n å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»Ý³ÉÁ:
- 94 -
Ð»ï¨³µ³ñ, (3.96) - (3.98) å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ (3.71) - (3.74) Ï³Ù (3.80),
(3.81) ËÝ¹ñÇ ³·ñ»·³óí³Í Ñ³Ù³ñÅ»ùÁ Ï³ñáÕ »Ýù Ý»ñÏ³Û³óÝ»É Ñ»ï¨Û³É
Ï»ñåª
L( X,X )  min , (3.99)
X,X

Q( X,X )  S T ( X , X ) b1 ( X , X )b2 ( X , X ) b3 ( X , X ) 
T
 0 , (3.100)
áñï»Õ Q ( X,X ) -Á Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ï»ëùáí ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ m+3
ã³÷³ÝÇ í»ÏïáñÝ ¿: ²Û¹ ¹»åùáõÙ ã³·ñ»·³óí³Í ËÝ¹ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ¹Çï³ñÏí³Í
³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï, ùí³½Ç·Í³ÛÇÝ ¨ ³ç í»ñç³íáñ-ï³ñµ»ñáõÃ³ÛÇÝ Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÁ
å³Ñå³ÝáõÙ »Ý Çñ»Ýó ï»ëù»ñÁ (3.100) í»ÏïáñÇ, ¹ñ³Ý Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý
2n(m+3) ã³÷³ÝÇ
T
S TX ( X,X )   sin X  cos X 2X e
Q ( X,X )   T  (3.101)
S X ( X,X )   sin X  cos X 2X e 
Û³ÏáµÛ³ÝÇ ¨ ïáõ·³Ý³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍ³ÏÇóÝ»ñÇ 3 Ï³ñ·³ÝÇ K B Ù³ïñÇóÇ

×ßïáõÃÛ³Ùµ: ÜÏ³ï»Ýù, áñ (3.101) ³éÝãáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç
sin πX  (sinπx1 ,...,sin πxn )T –Á, sin πX  (sin πx 1 ,..., sin πx n )T –Á,
cos πX  (cosπx1 ,...,cos πxn )T –Á, cos πX  (cos πx 1 ,..., cos πx n )T –Á n
ã³÷³ÝÇ ýáõÝÏóÇáÝ³É í»ÏïáñÝ»ñ »Ý, ÇëÏ  Ýß³ÝÁ Ù³ïÝ³ÝßáõÙ ¿ Ñ³Ù³å³-
ï³ëË³Ý í»ÏïáñÝ»ñÇ µ³Õ³¹ñÇã ³é µ³Õ³¹ñÇã (áõÕÕ³ÏÇ) ³ñï³¹ñÛ³ÉÁ:
Ð³í»É»Ýù, áñ ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É í³Ûñ¿çùÇ Ù»Ãá¹Ç ï»Õ³ÛÇÝ ³ëÇÙåïáïÇÏ
Ï³ÛáõÝáõÃÛ³Ý µÝáõÛÃÇ å³ï×³éáí í»ñÝ ³é³ç³ñÏí³Í Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÇó ó³ÝÏ³ó³-
ÍÇ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ËÝ¹ÇñÝ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ ÉáõÍ»É
µ³í³ñ³ñ ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùµ Ý³ËÝ³Ï³Ý Ï»ï»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ, áñÇó Ñ»ïá ÙÇ³ÛÝ
³é³ÝÓÝ³óÝ»É Ñ³í³ÏÝáñ¹ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ Çñ³ñÇó ï³ñµ»ñíáÕ ï»Õ³ÛÇÝ ËÙµ³-
íáñáõÙÝ»ñÁ: ÀÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³Ï³Ý ÉáõÍáõÙÁ(Ý»ñÁ) Ïå³ñáõÝ³ÏíÇ(í»Ý) ÇÝã-áñ ï»Õ³-
ÛÇÝ ËÙµáõÙ(»ñáõÙ), áñÇó(áñáÝóÇó) Áëï Ýå³ï³Ï³ÛÇÝ ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇ Ýí³½³·áõÛÝ
³ñÅ»ùÇ ¹ñ³(¹ñ³Ýó) ëï³óáõÙÁ áñ¨¿ ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝ ãÇ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óÝÇ:
- 95 -
ËÝ¹ÇñÁ [95]
L( x 1 , x 2 , x 1 , x 2 )  x 1  x 2  x 2  x 1  min ,
x1 , x 2 , x1 , x 2
c1 ( x1 , x 2 )  x1  x 2  x 1  x 2  4  0 ,
c 2 ( x 1 , x 2 )  x 12  x 22  1 ,7  0 ,
x 1 , x 2 , x 1 , x 2  0 ;1 :
ÈáõÍáõÙ: àã ³·ñ»·³óí³Í ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï (3.85), (3.86) Ùá¹»ÉÇ ¨ èáõÝ·»-
ÎáõïïÇ 4-ñ¹ Ï³ñ·Ç Ù»Ãá¹Ç û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ùµ 5 ÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ
³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÁ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óí³Í »Ý ³ÕÛ. 3.17-áõÙ: ²Û¹ ¹»åùáõÙ áñå»ë Ï³Ý·³éÇ
å³ÛÙ³Ý ¿ û·ï³·áñÍí»É x iK 1  x iK   , i  1, n ¨ x iK 1  x iK   ,
i  1 , n ³ÝÑ³í³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ï»Õ ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»Ý³Éáõ å³ÛÙ³ÝÁ, áñï»Õ

 –Á Ý³Ëûñáù ÁÝïñíáÕ ¨ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ ëï³óÙ³Ý ×ßïáõÃÛáõÝÁ å³ÛÙ³Ý³-
íáñáÕ Ù»ÍáõÃÛáõÝ ¿: ²ÕÛ. 3.18-áõÙ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óí³Í ¿ ËÝ¹ñÇ
* * * * T
( x , x , x , x )  ( 0 ,0 ,1 ,1 ) ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ÷ÝïñÙ³Ý ¹ÇÝ³ÙÇÏ³Ý 2-ñ¹ ÷áñÓ³ñÏ-
1 2 1 2
Ù³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï: ÜÏ. 3.8-áõÙ óáõÛó ¿ ïñí³Í ÃáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇ ïÇñáõÛÃÁ,

L( x 1 , x 2 )  x 1  x 2  2 x 1  x 2  min Ýå³ï³Ï³ÛÇÝ ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇ Ñ³í³ë³ñ
x1 , x 2
Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÇ ·Í»ñÁ (ÝÏ³ï»Ýù, áñ í»ñçÇÝë ëï³óí»É ¿ L( x 1 , x 2 , x 1 , x 2 )

ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇóª Ñ³ßíÇ ³éÝ»Éáí (3.75), (3.76) å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ), L( x 1 , x 2 )
ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇ ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÇ Ýí³½Ù³Ý áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ÇÝãå»ë Ý³¨ ³ñÙ³ïÇ
÷ÝïñÙ³Ý Ñ»ï³·Í»ñÁ: ÜÏ. 3.9-áõÙ óáõÛó »Ý ïñí³Í
L( x 1 , x 2 )  x 1  x 2  2  x 1  x 2  min ,
x1 , x 2
c 1 ( x 1 , x 2 )  2  ( x 1  x 2 )  x 1  x 2  1  0 ,
c 2 ( x 1 , x 2 )  2  ( x 1  x 2 )  x 12  x 22  0 ,3  0 ,
x 1 , x 2  0 ;1 :
ËÝ¹ñÇ ÝÙ³Ý³ïÇå µÝáõÃ³·ñ»ñÁ (ÝÏ³ï»Ýù, áñ í»ñçÇÝë ë»ñí»É ¿ Ý³ËÝ³Ï³Ý
ËÝ¹ñÇóª (3.75), (3.76) å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ßí³éÙ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ):
- 96 -
ö. x10 x20 x 10 x 20 k1 k2 h KI
1 1.5 1.5 5.5104 5.5104 370
0.8 2.5
2 230
-1.5 -0.5 2.5104 2.5104 10-11
3 -0.5 260
-1.2
4 1.5 2 -0.8 5104 5104 890
5 0 1 0 1 6105 6105 10-12 130
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 3.17 – Ç ß³ñáõÝ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ

ö. x *1 x *2 x 1* x *2 L* ε
1 0.0000 -0.0001 1.0000 1.0001 -0.0000
2
3 10-5
0.0000 -0.0000 1.0000 1.0000 0.0000
4
5
KI x1 x2 x1 x2 L
0 -1.5000 0.8000 -0.5000 2.5000 -4.1500
1 -0.5236 0.0253 -0.1750 2.1905 0.1520
2 -0.3354 -0.0882 0.0147 2.0547 -0.6875
3 -0.1890 -0.1398 0.1601 1.9413 -0.3882
4 -0.0745 -0.1636 0.2735 1.8435 -0.1812
5 0.0143 -0.1738 0.3620 1.7582 -0.0369
6 0.0823 -0.1768 0.4309 1.6836 0.0631
7 0.1335 -0.1759 0.4842 1.6179 0.1313
8 0.1712 -0.1726 0.5253 1.5602 0.1768
9 0.1984 -0.1679 0.5570 1.5091 0.2062
10 0.2176 -0.1624 0.5816 1.4639 0.2244
30 0.1968 -0.0599 0.7325 1.1080 0.1742
50 0.1134 -0.0214 0.8369 1.0358 0.0995
110 0.0091 -0.0012 0.9855 1.0019 0.0079
230 0.0000 -0.0000 1.0000 1.0000 -0.0000
- 97 -
1.5
x2 L=-1
L=0.25
L=0.5
L=2 L=0
(-1.5;0.8) 1 (1.5;0.8)
L=1 L=0.75
0.5 c1=0
L=0.25
x1
0
-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 L=0.75
1 1.5
-0.5
L=0 L=1 L=2
c2=0
L=-1
-1
(1.5;-1.2) (1.5;-1.2)
-1.5
ÜÏ. 3.8
(3.99) - (3.101) å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï ³·ñ»·³óí³Í Ùá¹»ÉÇ

û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ùµ ëï³óí³Í ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÁ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óí³Í »Ý ³ÕÛ. 3.19-áõÙ:
²ÕÛ. 3.20-áõÙ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óí³Í ¿ ³ñÙ³ïÇ ÷ÝïñÙ³Ý ¹ÇÝ³ÙÇÏ³Ý 2-ñ¹ ÷áñÓ³ñÏ-
Ù³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ: ÜÏ. 3.10-áõÙ ¨ ÝÏ. 3.11-áõÙ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óí³Í »Ý Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý
µÝáõÃ³·ñ»ñÁ:
²ÏÝÑ³Ûï ¿, áñ ã³·ñ»·³óí³Í (3.85), (3.86) Ùá¹»ÉÇ Ñ³Ù»Ù³ïáõÃÛ³Ùµ
(3.99) - (3.101) ³·ñ»·³óí³Í Ùá¹»ÉÇ ¹»åùáõÙ ûåïÇÙáõÙÇ ßñç³Ï³ÛùÇÝ
ëáíáñ³µ³ñ Ñ³ëÝáõÙ »Ýù áã Ù»Í ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùµ Çï»ñ³óÇ³Ý»ñÇó Ñ»ïá,
ãÝ³Û³Í ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ½³Ý³½³Ý Ùáï³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ×ß·ñïÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ëáíáñ³-
µ³ñ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï »Ý ÉÇÝáõÙ Ñ³Ù»Ù³ï³µ³ñ ³í»ÉÇ Ù»Í ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùµ
Çï»ñ³óÇ³Ý»ñ (ï»’ë ³ÕÛ. 3.18 ¨ ³ÕÛ. 3.20 ): ²Ûë Ñ³Ý·³Ù³ÝùÁ, ÙÝ³ó³Í µáÉáñ
- 98 -
Ñ³í³ë³ñ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ, ëáíáñ³µ³ñ å³ÛÙ³Ý³íáñáõÙ ¿ ³é³í»É
×ß·ñÇï ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ ëï³óÙ³Ý ÑÝ³ñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ã³·ñ»·³óí³Í Ùá¹»ÉÇ
û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ (ï»’ë ³ÕÛ. 3.17 ¨ ³ÕÛ. 3.19 ): ê³Ï³ÛÝ ³·ñ»·³óí³Í
Ùá¹»ÉÇ Ù»Í ³é³í»ÉáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ã³·ñ»·³óí³Í Ùá¹»ÉÇ Ñ³Ù»Ù³ïáõÃÛ³Ùµ
ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáÕ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ÃíÇ Ýß³Ý³Ï³ÉÇó Ïñ×³ïÙ³Ý ¨ ³Ûëï»ÕÇó
Ñ»ï¨áÕ ÙÇ ß³ñù Ï³ñ¨áñ Ñ³Ý·³Ù³ÝùÝ»ñÇ ï»ë³ÝÏÛáõÝÇó ÝÙ³Ý³å»ë
³ÏÝÑ³Ûï »Ý: ºñµ»ÙÝ Ýå³ï³Ï³Ñ³ñÙ³ñ ¿ Ý³¨ ³Ûë Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ï»Õ
û·ï³·áñÍáõÙÁ:
2.5
(-0.5;2.5) x2 c2=0 (1.5;2.5)
L=2
(2.5;1.5)
1.5 L=1
L=0.75
L=0.5 L=-1
1
L=0
L=0.25
0.5
L=0.25 L=0.75
L=1
L=0 x1
0
L=2
-0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
L=-1
(-0.5;-0.5) c1=0 (2;-0.8)
-0.5
ÜÏ. 3.9
- 99 -
ö. x10 x20 x 10 x 20 k1 k2 h KI
1 1.5 1.5 1.5104 1.5104
0.8 2.5 500
2 4 4
-1.5 -0.5 2.510 2.510
3 -0.5 10-10 550
-1.2
4 1.5 2.5 1.5 1.5104 1.5104 785
5 0 1 0.5 0 3104 3104 270
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 3.19 – Ç ß³ñáõÝ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ
ö. x *1 x *2 x 1* x *2 L* ε
1 0.0094 -0.0092 0.9879 1.0119 0.0004
2 0.0019 -0.0019 0.9911 1.0088 0.0001
3 0.0033 -0.0033 0.9920 1.0080 0.0001 10-4
4 0.0099 -0.0098 1.0070 0.9929 0.0000
5 0.0048 -0.0047 0.9908 1.0091 0.0002
KI x1 x2 x1 x2 L
0 -1.5000 0.8000 -0.5000 2.5000 -4.1500
1 0.0859 -0.0328 0.2002 0.5571 -0.7769
2 0.0665 -0.0291 0.4444 0.7535 0.6285
3 0.0390 -0.0011 0.6831 0.8826 0.4171
4 0.0511 0.0162 0.8475 1.0112 0.1240
5 0.0494 0.0168 0.8963 1.0478 0.0776
6 0.0434 0.0128 0.9150 1.0567 0.0607
7 0.0374 0.0085 0.9243 1.0577 0.0482
8 0.0323 0.0049 0.9301 1.0566 0.0389
9 0.0281 0.0020 0.9344 1.0550 0.0316
10 0.0248 -0.0002 0.9379 1.0533 0.0259
20 0.0116 -0.0070 0.9560 1.0414 0.0053
30 0.0086 -0.0068 0.9640 1.0346 0.0023
40 0.0073 -0.0062 0.9687 1.0303 0.0015
500 0.0019 -0.0019 0.9911 1.0088 0.0001
- 100 -
1.5
x2 L=-1
L=0.25
L=0.5
L=2 L=0
(-1.5;0.8) 1 (1.5;0.8)
L=1 L=0.75
0.5 c1=0
L=0.25
x1
0
-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
L=0.75
-0.5
L=0 L=1 L=2
c2=0
L=-1
-1
(1.5;-1.2) (1.5;-1.2)
-1.5
ÜÏ. 3.10
3.1.2.5. ÀÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³óáõÙÝ»ñ ¨ ¹ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ
 ²é³ç³ñÏí³Í Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñáí ³ÙµáÕç³ÃÇí ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Å³Ù³-

Ý³Ï ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ ÷ÝïñÙ³Ý ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÇ
í»ñÁ µ»ñí³Í µÝáõÃ³·ñ»ñÁ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³ÝáõÙ å³Ñå³ÝíáõÙ »Ý Ý³¨ ³Ûëï»Õ,
ù³ÝÇ áñ ³Ûë ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÁ ¨ë ÉáõÍíáõÙ »Ý áñå»ë ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñ: ê³Ï³ÛÝ
Ñ»Ýó ³ÙµáÕç³ÃÇí ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ ëï³óÙ³Ý ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßïáõÃÛáõÝÁ, áñáÝù Ï³ñáÕ
»Ý ÇÝãå»ë ÙáïÇÏ, ³ÛÝå»ë ¿É ß³ï Ñ»éáõ ¹³ë³íáñí³Í ÉÇÝ»É ÇÝã-áñ ³Ý-
ÁÝ¹Ñ³ï ûåïÇÙ³É ÉáõÍáõÙÇó, å³ÛÙ³Ý³íáñáõÙ ¿ ³Ûë Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÇ ½áõ·³ÏóÙ³Ý
Ýå³ï³Ï³Ñ³ñÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ãÝ³Û³Í ¹³ áñ¨¿ Ï»ñå ãÇ µ³ó³éáõÙ Ý³¨ Ýñ³Ýó
³é³ÝÓÇÝ-³é³ÝÓÇÝ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý ÑÝ³ñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ: ²Ûëå»ë, Ã» ³ÛÝå»ë,
- 101 -
2.5
(-0.5;2.5) x2 (1.5;2.5)
c2=0
L=2
(2.5;1.5)
1.5 L=1
L=0.75
L=0.5 L=-1
1
L=0
L=0.25
0.5
L=0.25 L=0.75
L=1
L=0 x1
0
L=2
-0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
L=-1
(-0.5;-0.5) c1=0
-0.5
ÜÏ. 3.11
ÇÝãå»ë óáõÛó »Ý ï³ÉÇë ·áñÍÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ»ï³½áïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, Ù³ëÝ³íáñ³å»ë,

³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï ¨ í»ñç³íáñ-ï³ñµ»ñáõÃ³ÛÇÝ Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÇ ½áõ·áñ¹áõÙÁ, ¹»åù»ñÇ
·»ñ³ÏßÇé Ù»Í³Ù³ëÝáõÃÛ³Ùµ, å³ñ½íáõÙ ¿, áñ µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ï
¿. ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÇ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý ÷áõÉáõÙ ³å³ÑáííáõÙ ¿ ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï
ËÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ÇÝã-áñ Ùáï³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñ³· ëï³óáõÙÁ, ÇëÏ ³ÛÝáõÑ»ï¨,
í»ñç³íáñ-ï³ñµ»ñáõÃ³ÛÇÝ Ùá¹»ÉÇ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý ÷áõÉáõÙª ³Û¹ Ùáï³-
íáñáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñ³· ×ß·ñïáõÙÁ ÙÇÝã¨ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ³ÙµáÕç³ÃÇí ÉáõÍÙ³Ý
ëï³óáõÙÁ: Ð³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÝ»ñÇ ÝÙ³Ý Ó¨áí Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåÙ³ÝÁ
Ýå³ëïáõÙ ¿ Ý³¨ Ñ»Ýó ÇÝùÁª ëáõµ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÇ Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÁ:
´³ÝÁ Ýñ³ÝáõÙ ¿, áñ »Ã» (3.2) ³éÝãáõÃÛ³Ùµ ïñí³Í ÃáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇ ïÇñáõÛÃÇ
- 102 -
ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇó ¹áõñë Ï³Ù ¿É Ýñ³ ë³ÑÙ³ÝÇ íñ³ ·áñÍ³éÝáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ Çñ³Ï³Ý³ó-
ÝáõÙ ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáÕ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ (S T (X)) R T ( X ))T ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³óí³Í í»Ï-
ïáñÁ, áñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ ëáõµ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ í³Ûñ¿çùÇ Ñ»ï³·ÍÇ Ó¨³íáñÙ³Ý Ù»ç
Ýñ³ µ³Õ³¹ñÇãÝ»ñÇ ¹»ñÁ §Ñ³í³ë³ñ³Ïßéí³Í¦ ¿ ïíÛ³É ëÏ½µÝ³Ï³Ý å³Û-
Ù³ÝÇ ¹»åùáõÙ, ³å³ ÃáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇ ïÇñáõÛÃÇ Ý»ñëáõÙ ¹³ Çñ³·áñÍíáõÙ ¿
÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ ³ÙµáÕç³Ãí³ÛÝáõÃÛ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ R(X) í»ÏïáñÇ §ÙÇ-
³ÝÓÝÛ³¦ Ý»ñÏ³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ: ¸ñ³Ýáí ÇëÏ ëáõµ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ í³Ûñ¿çùÇ
Ñ»ï³·ÇÍÁ ÃáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇ ïÇñáõÛÃÇ Ý»ñëáõÙ Ï³ñÍ»ë Ã» §Ó·íáõÙ ¿¦ Ñ»Ýó ¹»åÇ
ï»Õ³ÛÇÝ ¿ùëïñ»Ù³É Ñ³ïÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí ûÅïí³Í ³ÙµáÕç³ÃÇí Ñ³Ý·áõÛóÝ»ñ:
ÆÝï»·ñ³É³ÛÇÝ Ïáñ»ñÇ ½³Ý³½³Ý ëÏ½µÝ³Ï³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ µ³½Ù³-
ï³ñµ»ñ³Ï³ÛÇÝ ÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÝ ³Û¹ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ëï»ÕÍáõÙ »Ý µ³í³ñ³ñ
ï»Õ»Ï³ïí³Ï³Ý ÑÇÙù ³ÛÝ µ³ÝÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ, áñ íëï³ÑáõÃÛ³Ùµ Ï³ñáÕ³Ý³Ýù
åÝ¹»É ëï³óí³Í ³ÙµáÕç³ÃÇí ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ûåïÇÙ³ÉáõÃÛáõÝÁ: úåïÇÙáõÙÇ
÷ÝïñÙ³Ý ÝÙ³Ý Ýå³ï³Ï³áõÕÕí³Í ÁÝÃ³ó³Ï³ñ·Ç ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ, ÷³ëïáñ»Ý,
³ÝáõÕÕ³ÏÇáñ»Ý ÉáõÍíáõÙ ¿ ¹Çáý³Ýï³ÛÇÝ ûåïÇÙ³É³óÙ³Ý ¨ë Ù»Ï Ï³ñ¨áñ
ÑÇÙÝ³ËÝ¹Çñª ³å³óáõóíáõÙ ¿ ëï³óí³Í Ñ³í³ÏÝáñ¹-ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ûåïÇ-
Ù³ÉáõÃÛáõÝÁ:
 ²ÙµáÕç³Ãí³ÛÇÝ ûåïÇÙ³É³óÙ³Ý Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ïáõÃÛ³Ý

íñ³ Ýß³Ý³Ï³ÉÇó ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ ÃáÕÝáõÙ ¹Çï³ñÏíáÕ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ Ù³Ã»Ù³-
ïÇÏ³Ï³Ý Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÇ ·áñÍ³ÏÇóÝ»ñÇ ËÇëï óñí³Í ÉÇÝ»ÉÁ: ÜÙ³Ý óñáõÙÝ
³ÏÝÑ³Ûï ¿ Ý³¨ (3.26) ¨ (3.30) ³ñï³¹ñáÕ ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý»ñáõÙ ¨, ³é³í»É ¨ë,
(3.30) ³ñï³¹ñáÕ ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇ ¹»åùáõÙª Ý³Ù³Ý³í³Ý¹ Ù»Í P-»ñÇ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï
(ï»’ë ³ÕÛ. 3.7): ¶áñÍ³ÏÇóÝ»ñÇ ÝÏ³ïÙ³Ùµ §½·³ÛáõÝáõÃÛ³Ý ¿ý»ÏïÇ¦ áñáß³ÏÇ
ÃáõÉ³óÙ³Ý Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ¿ Ñ³ëÝ»É ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³Ù³ëßï³µ³íáñÙ³Ý
×³Ý³å³ñÑáí, Ù³ëÝ³íáñ³å»ë
y  ( P  1 ) 1  x , P  r  1 , (3.102)
Ó¨³÷áËáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇçáóáí, áñï»Õ y  ( y 1 , , y n )T -Á Ó¨³÷áËí³Í ËÝ¹ñÇ ÷á-

÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ í»ÏïáñÝ ¿: ²Û¹ ¹»åùáõÙ (3.26), (3.30), (3.32) ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ
- 103 -
ÝÙ³Ý ÝáñÙ³íáñí³Í (³í³· ³Ý¹³ÙÇ 1-Ç Ñ³í³ë³ñ ·áñÍ³Ïóáí) µ³½Ù³Ý¹³-
Ù³ÛÇÝ Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ·áñÍ³ÏÇóÝ»ñÁ, ÇÝãå»ë Ý³¨ (3.34)-(3.36) ³éÝãáõ-
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ ÝÙ³Ý ³Í³ÝóÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ ·áñÍ³ÏÇóÝ»ñÁ Ïáñáßí»Ý Ñ»ï¨Û³É ³ñï³Ñ³Û-
ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝª
S ( P , r )y  ( P  1 ) r  p  S ( P , r )x (3.103)
S ( P , r  1 )y  r  S ( P , r )y
, (3.104)
 r1 
S ( P , r )y  ( P  1 )  S ( P , r )x
, (3.105)
 
S ( P , r  1 )y  r  S ( P , r )y
, (3.106)
 ( 2 P ,2 r )y  ( P  1 ) 2( r  p )  ( 2 P ,2 r )x
, (3.107)
 ( 2 P ,2 r  1 )y  2 r   ( 2 P ,2 r )y
, (3.107)
áñï»Õ x ¨ y ÇÝ¹»ùëÝ»ñÁ Ù³ïÝ³ÝßáõÙ »Ý ³Ûë ·áñÍ³ÏÇóÝ»ñÁ Ñ³Ù³å³-
ï³ëË³Ý ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáõÙ:
Ð³Ýñ³Ñ³ßí³Ï³Ý µ³½Ù³Ý¹³ÙÇ ·áñÍ³ÏÇóÝ»ñÇ óñÙ³Ý ³ëïÇ×³ÝÁ,
µÝ³Ï³Ý³µ³ñ, Ï³ñáÕ ¿ ·Ý³Ñ³ïí»É Ýñ³ Ùá¹áõÉáí ³é³í»É³·áõÛÝ ¨ Ýí³½³-
·áõÛÝ (³ÏÝÑ³Ûïáñ»Ý áã ½ñáÛÇ Ñ³í³ë³ñ) ·áñÍ³ÏÇóÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ñ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»-
ÍáõÃÛ³Ùµ: ì»ñçÇÝë Ýß³Ý³Ï»Éáí C (  ) –áí, Ù³ëÝ³íáñ³å»ë, (3.26), (3.30),
(3.32), (3.34)-(3.36) ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ P=5 Ñ³Ù³ñ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³-
 
Ý³µ³ñ ÏáõÝ»Ý³Ýùª C( R5 ( X ))  C( R5 ( X ))  50, C( R5 ( X ))  C( R5 ( X ))  21,
C ( R10 ( X ))  820 , C ( R10 ( X ))  328 : ¸Åí³ñ ã¿ Ñ³Ùá½í»É, áñ (3.103)-
(3.108) å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ Ó¨³÷áËí³Í ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ
ÝÙ³Ý³å»ë Ïëï³Ý³Ýùª C ( R5 ( Y ))  C ( R5 ( Y ))  80 / 3 , C ( R5 ( Y )) 
 C ( R5* ( Y ))  320 3 , C ( R10 ( Y ))  640 / 3 , C ( R10 ( Y ))  2560 / 3 :
²Ûëï»ÕÇó ³ÏÝÑ³Ûï ¿, áñ R5 ( X ) , R5 ( X ) ¨ R10 ( X ) ³ñï³¹ñáÕ ýáõÝÏóÇ³-
Ý»ñÇ ·áñÍ³ÏÇóÝ»ñÇ óñáõÙÝ»ñÁ ÷áùñ³ó»É »Ý 15/8, 15/8 ¨ 123/32 ³Ý·³Ù,

ÙÇÝã¹»é, ó³íáù R5 ( X ) , R ( X ) ¨ R10 ( X ) ³Í³ÝóÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ óñáõÙÝ»ñÁ
5
Ù»Í³ó»É »Ý Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý³µ³ñ 320/63, 320/63 ¨ 320/123 ³Ý·³Ù:

- 104 -
ä³ñ½íáõÙ ¿, áñ ÝÙ³Ý å³ïÏ»ñÁ ÏñÏÝíáõÙ ¿ Ý³¨ P –Ç ³ÛÉ ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÇ
¹»åùáõÙ:
²ÛëåÇëáí, ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³Ù³ëßï³µ³íáñÙ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ §·áñ-
Í³ÏÇóÝ»ñÇ ÝÏ³ïÙ³Ùµ ½·³ÛáõÝáõÃÛ³Ý ¿ý»ÏïÁ¦ ëáíáñ³µ³ñ ËÝ¹ñÇ ÙÇ Ù³ëÇó
ï»Õ³÷áËíáõÙ ¿ Ù»Ï ³ÛÉ Ù³ë, ¹ñ³Ýáí ÇëÏ áñáß³ÏÇáñ»Ý ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³Ï»Éáí
(3.103) ï»ëùÇ í»ñ³Ù³ëßï³µ³íáñÙ³Ý ûñ»ÝùÝ»ñÇ é³óÇáÝ³É û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý
ÑÝ³ñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, ãÝ³Û³Í ÇÝãå»ë óáõÛó »Ý ï³ÉÇë ·áñÍÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ»ï³-
½áïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, ÝÙ³Ý Ùáï»óáõÙÝ»ñÁ »ñµ»ÙÝ Ñ³Ý·»óÝáõÙ »Ý µ³ñíáù
³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÇ:
ÜÏ³ï»Ýù Ý³¨, áñ Ù»Í P–»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ (3.26), (3.30), (3.32)
³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÝ ³ñ³·áñ»Ý Ù»Í³ÝáõÙ »Ý, áñÇ Ñ»ï¨³Ýùáí
Ï³ñáÕ ¿ ³é³ç³Ý³É ¾ÐØ-Ç Ï³ñ·³ÛÇÝ ó³ÝóÇ ·»ñÉóÙ³Ý ¿ý»Ïï: ì»ñçÇÝÇë
µ³ó³éÙ³Ý Ýå³ï³Ïáí Ýå³ï³Ï³Ñ³ñÙ³ñ ¿ í»ñ³Ù³ëßï³µ³íáñáõÙ
Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»É Áëï Ýßí³Í Ñ³ñ³µ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñÇª Ýñ³Ýó
³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ßí³ñÏÇó Ñ»ïá:
 ²ÙµáÕç³ÃÇí ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï, Ç ï³ñµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ
³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï (áã ³ÙµáÕç³ÃÇí) ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñáí ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ, ³é³ÝÓÝ³-
Ñ³ïáõÏ Ýß³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ »Ý Ó»éù µ»ñáõÙ Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ï»ëùáí
(Ù³ëÝ³íáñ³å»ë, ³ÙµáÕç³Ãí³ÛÝáõÃÛ³Ý ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇÝ) ë³ÑÙ³Ý³-
÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ ×ß·ñÇï µ³í³ñ³ñÙ³Ý Ñ³ñó»ñÁ, ãÝ³Û³Í §×ß·ñÇï µ³í³-
ñ³ñáõÙ¦ µ³é³Ï³å³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁ, Ñ³ëÏ³Ý³ÉÇ å³ï×³éÝ»ñáí, µ³í³Ï³Ý³-
ã³÷ Ñ³ñ³µ»ñ³Ï³Ý ¿: àõëïÇ ÝÙ³Ý ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇÝ Ý³Ëûñáù
ÁÝïñí³Í ×ßïáõÃÛ³Ùµ µ³í³ñ³ñ»Éáõ ¹»åùáõÙ ëáíáñ³µ³ñ å³Ñ³ÝçíáõÙ »Ý
³ÝÑ³Ù»Ù³ï Ù»Í ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùµ Çï»ñ³óÇ³Ý»ñ, ù³Ý ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï ÷á÷áË³-
Ï³ÝÝ»ñáí ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñáõÙ: ¸Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ »Ý Í³·áõÙ Ý³¨ ³ÙµáÕç³ÃÇí
÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ùáï³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÏÉáñ³óÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï, ûåïÇ-
ÙáõÙÇ(Ý»ñÇ) ßñç³Ï³ÛùáõÙ Çï»ñ³óÇáÝ ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÝ»ñÇ ½áõ·³ÙÇïáõÃÛ³Ý
³ñ³·áõÃÛ³Ý ¹³Ý¹³Õ»Éáõ Ñ»ï Ï³åí³Í, áñáÝù Ûáõñ³Ñ³ïáõÏ »Ý
Ù³Ã»Ù³ïÇÏ³Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñ³íáñÙ³Ý ¨ ³ÛÉ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ ÷ÝïñÙ³Ý
·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ ¨ ëáõµ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ ÁÝÃ³ó³Ï³ñ·»ñÇÝ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ:
- 105 -
 ¸Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ »Ý ³é³ç³ÝáõÙ, í»ñç³å»ë, ý³½³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï³·ÍÇ
ÁÝÃ³óÇÏ Ï»ïÁ, Çñ³Ï³Ý ÉáõÍáõÙÇó (ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇó) ï³ñµ»ñ, ÁÝ¹Ñ³ï Ù³Ã»Ù³-
ïÇÏ³Ï³Ý Ï³éáõÛóÇ ÇÝã-áñ ³ÙµáÕç³ÃÇí Ñ³Ý·áõÛó ÁÝÏÝ»Éáõ ¹»åùáõÙ: ä³ñ½-
íáõÙ ¿, áñ ÁÝïñíáÕ KX , KQ , X0 å³ñ³Ù»ïñ»ñÇ ÇÝã-áñ ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñ ÉÇáíÇÝ
§µ³í³ñ³ñ¦ »Ý ÃáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇ ïÇñáõÛÃÇ ³ÙµáÕç³ÃÇí Ï»ï»ñáí µ³½ÙáõÃÛ³Ùµ
ÇÝã-áñ ÇÝï»·ñ³É³ÛÇÝ Ïáñáí ÁÝÃ³óÇÏ Ï»ïÇ ï»Õ³ß³ñÅÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ, ÙÇÝã¹»é
»ñµ»ÙÝ §µ³í³ñ³ñ ã»Ý¦ ý³½³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï³·ÍÇ ×³Ý³å³ñÑÇÝ Ñ³ÛïÝí³Í ³ÙµáÕ-
ç³ÃÇí ó³ÝóÇ áã ûåïÇÙ³É Ñ³Ý·áõÛóÇó ÁÝÃ³óÇÏ Ï»ïÇ ¹áõñë ·³Éáõ Ñ³Ù³ñ:
¸³ µ»ñáõÙ ¿ ¹ÇÝ³ÙÇÏ ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÇ Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÇó ßáõï Ï³Ý·³éÇÝª ÇëÏ³Ï³Ý
³ÙµáÕç³ÃÇí ÉáõÍáõÙÇó Ï³Ù ¿É Ýñ³ ε -ßñç³Ï³ÛùÇó ß³ï Ñ»éáõ Ï»ï»ñáõÙ:
àõëïÇ ÝÙ³Ý Çñ³íÇ×³ÏÝ»ñáõÙ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßïáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ ³é³ç³ÝáõÙ û·ï³·áñÍ»É
Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ÁÝÃ³ó³Ï³ñ·»ñÁ ëáíáñ³µ³ñ µ³ñ¹³óÝáÕ Éñ³óáõóÇã ·áñ-
ÍÁÝÃ³óÝ»ñ, Ù³ëÝ³íáñ³µ³ñ, áñáß³ÏÇ ûñÇÝ³ã³÷áõÃÛ³Ùµ ÷á÷áËíáÕ (áã
Ñ³ëï³ïáõÝ) ïáõ·³Ý³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍ³ÏÇóÝ»ñ:
 Ð³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý µÝáõÛÃÇ ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ Ñ³×³Ë ³é³ç³ÝáõÙ »Ý ¹Ç-

ï³ñÏíáÕ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ áã ÙÇ³ñÅ»ùáõÃÛ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ ¨, ³é³ÝÓÝ³-
å»ë, ³ÙµáÕç³ÃÇí ó³ÝóÇ áñáß³ÏÇ »ÝÃ³ïÇñáõÛÃáõÙ Ýñ³Ýó Ù»Í ËïáõÃÛ³Ý
¹»åùáõÙ: ÜÙ³Ý ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÁ ¨ë, Áëï »ñ¨áõÛÃÇÝ, Ï³ñáÕ »Ý ¹³ëí»É §í³ï¦
(§å³ÃáÉá·Ç³Ûáí¦) ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ ß³ñùÇÝ, ù³ÝÇ áñ ãÝ³Û³Í ï³ñµ»ñ ëÏ½µÝ³Ï³Ý
»É³Ï»ï»ñÇó ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ ï³ñµ»ñ Ùáï³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ³ñ³· ëï³óÙ³ÝÁ,
áñáÝù ï»Õ³µ³ßËíáõÙ »Ý ³ÙµáÕç³ÃÇí ûåïÇÙ³É ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÁ å³ñáõÝ³ÏáÕ,
ÇÝã-áñ µ³½Ù³ÝÇëïÇ ßñç³Ý³ÏÝ»ñáõÙ, Ýñ³Ýó Ñ»ï³·³ ×ß·ñïáõÙÁ ÙÇÝã¨
Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ³ÙµáÕç³Ãí³ÛÇÝ ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñ ·áñÍÝ³Ï³ÝáõÙ å³ñ½íáõÙ ¿,
áñ µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ µ³ñ¹ ¿: ¸³ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³ÝáõÙ å³ÛÙ³Ý³íáñí³Í ¿ Ñ»ï¨Û³É
Ñ³Ý·³Ù³ÝùÝ»ñáí.
- ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ³ÙµáÕç³ÃÇí Ï»ï»ñÇ
Ñ³í³ë³ñ³ã³÷ µ³ßËÙ³Ùµ,
- 106 -
- ÁÝïñíáÕ KX , KQ , X0 å³ñ³Ù»ïñ»ñÇ ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÇ ³ÝÝß³Ý ÷á÷áËáõ-
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÝÏ³ïÙ³Ùµ ý³½³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï³·Í»ñÇ Ù»Í ½·³ÛáõÝáõÃÛ³Ùµª ÝÙ³Ý §Ý»Õ¦
»ÝÃ³ïÇñáõÛÃÝ»ñáõÙ,
- í³Ûñ¿çùÇ Ñ»ï³·ÍÇ ÁÝÃ³óÇÏ Ï»ïÇ, ·»ñ³ÏßéáÕ Ù»Í³Ù³ëÝáõÃÛ³Ùµ
¹»åù»ñáõÙ, ÁÝ¹Ñ³ï Ù³Ã»Ù³ïÇÏ³Ï³Ý Ï³éáõÛóÇ Ñ³Ù»Ù³ï³µ³ñ Ù»Í Ý³Ë³-
å³ïíáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí ûÅïí³Í Ñ³Ý·áõÛóÝ»ñáõÙ Ï³ÛáõÝ³Ý³Éáõ §Ó·ïÙ³Ùµ¦,
³ÛëÇÝùÝª ³ÛÝåÇëÇ Ñ³Ý·áõÛóÝ»ñáõÙ, áñáÝóáõÙ Ý³ËÝ³Ï³Ý ËÝ¹ñÇ ³ÝÑ³í³ë³-
ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ï»ëùáí ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ µ³í³ñ³ñÙ³Ý ·áõÙ³ñ³ÛÇÝ ³Ý-
Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¿íÏÉÇ¹Û³Ý (Ï³Ù ³ÛÉ) ÝáñÙÇ ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÁ Ñ³Ù»Ù³ï³µ³ñ
Ù»Í »Ý:
²ÛëåÇëáí, ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ áã ÙÇ³ñÅ»ù ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ ûåïÇÙ³É Ñ³Ý-
·áõÛóÝ»ñÇ áñáß Ù³ëÁ ¹áõñë ¿ ÙÝáõÙ ý³½³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï³·Í»ñÇ ÁÝÃ³óÇÏ Ï»ï»ñÇ
§ï»ë³¹³ßïÇó¦, ù³ÝÇ áñ í³Ûñ¿çùÇ Ñ»ï³·Í»ñÁ ëáíáñ³µ³ñ §Ó·íáõÙ »Ý¦
¹»åÇ ³é³í»É Ù»Í Ý³Ë³å³ïíáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí ³ÙµáÕç³ÃÇí Ñ³Ý·áõÛóÝ»ñ, ¹ñ³-
Ýáí ÇëÏ ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³Ï»Éáí, ÇëÏ »ñµ»ÙÝ ¿Éª ÝáõÛÝÇëÏ µ³ó³é»Éáí ¹Çï³ñÏíáÕ
»ÝÃ³ïÇñáõÛÃáõÙ ï»Õ³µ³ßËí³Í ¨ ³é³í»É ùÇã Ý³Ë³å³ïíáõÃÛ³Ùµ ûÅïí³Í
ûåïÇÙ³É ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ ÷ÝïñÙ³Ý ·áñÍÝ³Ï³Ý ÑÝ³ñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ: ²Ûë
Ï³ñ¨áñ³·áõÛÝ ·áñÍÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ý·³Ù³ÝùÁ, Áëï »ñ¨áõÛÃÇÝ, Ñ»Ýó Çñª ïáõ·³-
Ý³ÛÇÝ ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý»ñÇ Ù»Ãá¹Ç ¿áõÃÛ³Ý áõÕÕ³ÏÇ Ñ»ï¨³ÝùÝ ¿, áñÁ §Ó·ïáõÙ ¿¦
ÑÝ³ñ³íáñÇÝë É³í³·áõÛÝ Ó¨áí µ³í³ñ³ñ»É ³ÝÑ³í³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ï»ëùáí
ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇÝª Áëï Ñ»ï¨Û³É ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ.
 ( X  )  ( C T ( X  ), C ( X  ))  glob max ª
X
³é³í»É³·áõÛÝ Ý³Ë³å³ïíáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí Ï»ï»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ, ¨
 ( X  )  ( C T ( X  ), C ( X  ))  loc max ª
X
Ñ³Ù»Ù³ï³µ³ñ Ù»Í Ý³Ë³å³ïíáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí Ï»ï»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ: Ð³Ù»Ù³ï³-

µ³ñ ÷áùñ ¨ ³Ù»Ý³÷áùñ Ý³Ë³å³ïíáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí ûÅïí³Í ³ÛÉ ûåïÇÙ³É
ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ ëï³óáõÙÁ, ëÏ½µáõÝùáñ»Ý, ãÇ µ³ó³éíáõÙ, ù³ÝÇ áñ, Ç í»ñçá, ³Ù»Ý
ÇÝã ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³ÝáõÙ Ï³Ëí³Í ¿ KX , Kμ , h ¨ X0 å³ñ³Ù»ïñ»ñÇ ½³Ý³½³Ý
- 107 -
½áõ·áñ¹áõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³çáÕ ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝÇó: ÜÏ³ï»Ýù Ý³¨, áñ ÝÙ³Ý §Ý»Õ¦ »ÝÃ³-
ïÇñáõÛÃÝ»ñáõÙ »ñµ»ÙÝ ³éÝãíáõÙ »Ýù, ³Ûëå»ë Ïáãí³Í, §Ñ³Ù³ï³ñ³Í í»ñ³-
ë»ñí³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý ¿ý»ÏïÇ¦ (ßñç³åïáõÛïÇ) [25], áñÇ Ñ³ÕÃ³Ñ³ñÙ³Ý Ýå³ï³Ïáí
ëïÇåí³Í »Ýù ÉÇÝáõÙ áã ùÇã ç³Ýù»ñ Í³Ëë»É Ýßí³Í å³ñ³Ù»ïñ»ñÇ
µ³ñ»Ñ³çáÕ ½áõ·áñ¹áõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ:
²ëí³ÍÁ å³ñ½³µ³Ý»Ýù 3.1.2.1 µ³ÅÝÇ ûñÇÝ³ÏÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÇ
íñ³:
ÆëÏ³å»ë, ÇÝãå»ë óáõÛó »Ý ï³ÉÇë ÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÁ (ï»’ë ³ÕÛ. 3.8),
»ñÏáõ ûåïÇÙ³É ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñáí (ï³ñµ»ñ³Ï 4-ñ¹) »ÝÃ³ËÝ¹ñáõÙ, áñáÝó
¹»åù»ñáõÙ ρ( 0 ,0 )  4  ρ( 1 ,1 )  3 , Ùáï³íáñ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ ×ß·ñïÙ³Ý
³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ ³é³í»É Ñ³×³Ë Çï»ñ³óÇáÝ ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÝ»ñÁ ½áõ·³ÙÇïáõÙ »Ý
³é³í»É Ù»Í Ý³Ë³å³ïíáõÃÛ³Ùµ ûÅïí³Í (0,0) Ï»ïÇÝ: ºñ»ù
ûåïÇÙ³É ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñáí (ï³ñµ»ñ³Ï 9-ñ¹) »ÝÃ³ËÝ¹ñáõÙ áõÝ»Ýù
ρ( 0 ,0 )  4  ρ( 0 ,1 )  10  ρ(  1 ,1 )  3 , ÇëÏ Ùáï³íáñ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ
×ß·ñïÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ ·»ñ³ÏßÇé Ù»Í³Ù³ëÝáõÃÛ³Ùµ ¹»åù»ñáõÙ Çï»ñ³óÇáÝ
·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÝ»ñÝ ³é³í»É Ñ³×³Ë ½áõ·³ÙÇïáõÙ »Ý (0,0) Ï»ïÇÝ, ³ÛëÇÝùÝª
³é³í»É³·áõÛÝ Ý³Ë³å³ïíáõÃÛ³Ùµ ûÅïí³Í Ï»ïÇÝ: ØÇÝã¹»é ãáñë ûåïÇÙ³É
ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñáí (ï³ñµ»ñ³Ï 10-ñ¹) »ÝÃ³ËÝ¹ñáõÙ, áñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»Ý
Ñ»ï¨Û³É å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁª ( 0,3 )  10  ( 0,2 )  8  ( 1,2 )  5  ( 1,3 ) , ³é³-
í»É Ñ³×³Ë ëï³óíáõÙ ¿ (0,2) ûåïÇÙ³É ÉáõÍáõÙÁ, áñÝ ûÅïí³Í ¿ Ñ³Ù»-
Ù³ï³µ³ñ Ù»Í Ý³Ë³å³ïíáõÃÛ³Ùµ (ÝÏ³ï»Ýù, áñ ÙÇ³ÛÝ Ù³ùáõñ »ñÏñ³-
ã³÷³Ï³Ý å³ïÏ»ñ³óáõÙÝ»ñÇ ÑÇÙ³Ý íñ³ Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ¿ Ñ³Ùá½í»É, áñ ïíÛ³É
ËÝ¹ñáõÙ, (a,b) Ïááñ¹ÇÝ³ïÝ»ñÇ ¨ áã ÙÇ ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ, 5 Ñ³ï Ï³Ù
³í»ÉÇ ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùµ ³ÙµáÕç³ÃÇí ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñ ÑÝ³ñ³íáñ ã»Ý; ³Ûëï»Õ Ýß»Ýù
Ý³¨ ÝáõÛÝå»ë Ñ³ÛïÝÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÁ [103], áñÁ ÅËïáõÙ ¿ ³ÙµáÕçáõÃÛ³Ùµ
³ÙµáÕç³ÃÇí ó³ÝóÇÝ å³ïÏ³ÝáÕ ·³·³ÃÝ»ñáí Ï³ÝáÝ³íáñ n -³ÝÏÛ³Ý (n≠4)
·áÛáõÃÛáõÝÁ:
 Ð³ÛïÝÇ ¿, áñ ³ÝÏ³Ë ³é³ç³ñÏíáÕ Ï³Ù ¿É û·ï³·áñÍíáÕ Ù»-
Ãá¹Ý»ñÇó, ³ÙµáÕç³ÃÇí ûåïÇÙ³É³óÙ³Ý ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñáõÙ ³é³ÝÓÝ³Ñ³ïáõÏ
ï»Õ ¿ ½µ³Õ»óÝáõÙ Ï³Ý·³éÇ ÑÇÙ³ËÝ¹ÇñÁ: ²ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñáí
- 108 -
ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ áã µ³ñ¹ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ µ³½Ù³ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý ÏáÕùÇÝ
ûåïÇÙ³É³óÙ³Ý ³ÙµáÕç³ÃÇí ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñáõÙ ëáíáñ³µ³ñ å³Ñ³ÝçíáõÙ »Ý
Ï³Ý·³éÇ µ³ñ¹ ½áõ·³Ïóí³Í å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñ, áñáÝó µ³í³ñ³ñÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ µ³½-
Ù³ï³ñµ»ñ³Ï³ÛÇÝ ÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÙ³Ý ×³Ý³å³ñÑÇÝ ³ÝÑñ³-
Å»ßï ¿ ÉÇÝáõÙ Í³Ëë»É ß³ï ³í»ÉÇ Ù»Í ×Ç·»ñ ¨ Ù»ù»Ý³Û³Ï³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï:
²ÙµáÕç³ÃÇí ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ Ï³éáõóí³Íù³ÛÇÝ ³é³ÝÓÝ³Ñ³ïÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ
Ñ³×³Ë ÍÝáõÙ »Ý Ý³¨ ³ÛÉ µÝáõÛÃÇ µ³ñ¹áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ, áñáÝù Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ
ÏáÝÏñ»ï ËÝ¹ñáõÙ ³ñï³Ñ³ÛïíáõÙ »Ý Ûáõñ³Ñ³ïáõÏ ¹ñë¨áñáõÙÝ»ñáí:
3.2. Ø³Ã»Ù³ïÇÏ³Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñ³íáñÙ³Ý

µ³½Ù³ã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñ
3.2.1. ´³½Ù³ã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ ûåïÇÙ³É³óÙ³Ý ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ

ÑÇÙÝ³ñ³ñ ¹ñáõÛÃÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ
²Ûë Ï³Ù ³ÛÝ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç Ý³Ë³å³ïíáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ñóÇ å³ñ½³µ³ÝÙ³Ý

Ñ³Ù³ñ ëáíáñ³µ³ñ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßïáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ ³é³ç³ÝáõÙ û·ï³·áñÍ»É ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ
áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñ [1,11,30, 34, 45, 47, 50, 53, 66, 75, 78, 80, 86, 97, 110-116],
ÇÝãÁ, ³Ù»Ý³ùÇãÁ, »ñÏáõ å³ï×³éÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï¨³Ýù ¿.
³) Ï³ñáÕ ¿ å³ñ½í»É, áñ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç Ýå³ï³ÏÝ»ñÇ Í³éÁ ëïáñ³-
Ï³ñ·³ÛÝáõÃÛ³Ý ëïáñÇÝ Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÇ íñ³ å³ñáõÝ³ÏáõÙ ¿ Ù»ÏÁ ÙÛáõëÇÝ
ãÑ³Ý·»óíáÕ Çñ³ñÇó ï³ñµ»ñ Ýå³ï³ÏÝ»ñ, áñáÝù ÝÏ³ñ³·ñíáõÙ »Ý Çñ³ñÇó
ï³ñµ»ñ ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñáí,
µ) ëáíáñ³µ³ñ Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ Ýå³ï³Ï å³ñï³¹Çñ ã¿, áñ ÝÏ³ñ³·ñíÇ
»½³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßáí, ù³ÝÇ áñ ß³ï ¹»åù»ñáõÙ ·áÛáõÃÛáõÝ ãáõÝÇ Ý»ñÏ³Û³-
óáõóã³Ï³Ý ³ÛÝåÇëÇ ã³÷³ÝÇß, áñÁ Ï³ñáÕ³Ý³ §Çñ íñ³ í»ñóÝ»É¦ Ý³¨ ÙÛáõë
ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñáõÙ å³ñáõÝ³ÏíáÕ å³Ñ³ÝçÝ»ñÁ:
àõëïÇ, Áëï µ³½Ù³ÃÇí ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ ïíÛ³É Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç ·áñÍ³é-
ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ·Ý³Ñ³ïáõÙÝ ³ÝÙÇç³Ï³Ýáñ»Ý ãÇ Ï³ñáÕ Ñ³Ý·»óí»É Ù³Ã»Ù³ïÇÏ³-
- 109 -
Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñ³íáñÙ³Ý ëï³ïÇÏ (Ï³Ù ¹ÇÝ³ÙÇÏ) ËÝ¹ñÇ ³Ûë Ï³Ù ³ÛÝ ëï³Ý-
¹³ñï ï³ñ³ï»ë³ÏÇ ÉáõÍÙ³ÝÁ: ºÃ» ³Û¹ ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÁ Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝ»óí³Í »Ý,
³å³ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç ûåïÇÙ³É³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ û·ï³·áñÍíáõÙ ¿ ÁÝ¹³Ù»ÝÁ Ù»Ï
(ó³ÝÏ³ó³Í) ã³÷³ÝÇß, áñÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ µ³½Ù³ã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ ËÝ¹ÇñÁ, Áëï
¿áõÃÛ³Ý, í»ñ³ÍíáõÙ ¿ ÙÇ³ã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ ûåïÇÙ³É³óÙ³Ý ËÝ¹ñÇ: ê³Ï³ÛÝ
·áñÍÝ³Ï³ÝáõÙ ïíÛ³É Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç ·áñÍ³éÝáõÃÛ³Ý ·Ý³Ñ³ïÙ³Ý ³é³ÝÓÇÝ
ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÁ Ù»Í Ù³ë³Ùµ ëáíáñ³µ³ñ Ñ³Ï³ë³Ï³Ý »Ý (ãÑ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝ»óí³Í),
ù³ÝÇ áñ Ýñ³ÝóÇó Ù»ÏÇ ³ñÅ»ùÇ Ù»Í³óáõÙÁ (÷áùñ³óáõÙÁ) Ñ³çáÕíáõÙ ¿
³å³Ñáí»É Ýñ³ÝóÇó ÙÛáõëÇ Ï³Ù ÙÛáõëÝ»ñÇ ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÇ ÷áùñ³óÙ³Ý (Ù»Í³ó-
Ù³Ý) Ñ³ßíÇÝ: ê³Ï³ÛÝ Ñ³Ï³ë³Ï³Ý ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ µ³½ÙáõÃÛ³Ý ³éÏ³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý
å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç ·áñÍ³éÝáõÃÛ³Ý ·Ý³Ñ³ïáõÙÁ ÉÍáñ¹íáõÙ ¿
µ³½Ù³ÃÇí µ³ñ¹áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï ¨, ³é³çÇÝ Ñ»ñÃÇÝ, Ý³Ë³å³ïíáõÃÛ³Ý
·Ý³Ñ³ï³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ ã³÷Ù³Ý ÙÇ³ëÝ³Ï³Ý ë³Ý¹Õ³ÏÇ Ï³éáõóÙ³Ý Ñ»ï, áñÁ
ÃáõÛÉ ¿ ï³ÉÇë Ñ³Ù³¹ñ»É ¨ Ñ³Ù»Ù³ï»É ï³ñµ»ñ ýÇ½ÇÏ³Ï³Ý ÇÙ³ëï ¨ ã³-
÷áÕ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»óáÕ ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÁ:
Ð»ï³½áïíáÕ ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÇ Ù³Ã»Ù³ïÇÏ³Ï³Ý Ùá¹»ÉÇ Ï³éáõóáõÙÁ ¨
í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ »ÝÃ³¹ñáõÙ ¿ Ó¨³ÛÝ³óí³Í Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÇ û·ï³·áñÍáõÙ: ´³½Ù³-
ã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÝáõÃÛ³Ý ÑÇÙÝ³ËÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ Ý³Ë³ï»ëí³Í ³é³í»É
ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ ï»ëùáí Ùá¹»ÉÁ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óí³Í ¿ [69] ³ßË³ï³ÝùáõÙª
MM   , S ,U , L , B , 
Ïáñï»ÅÇ ÙÇçáóáí, áñï»Õª  -Ý óáõÛó ¿ ï³ÉÇë µ³½Ù³ã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ ËÝ¹ñÇ
ï»ë³ÏÁ; S -Á ·Ý³Ñ³ïíáÕ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ µ³½ÙáõÃÛáõÝÝ ¿; U -Ý ³ÛÝ
ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ µ³½ÙáõÃÛáõÝÝ ¿, Áëï áñáÝó ·Ý³Ñ³ïíáõÙ »Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·»ñÁ;
L -Á Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ S µ³½ÙáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ãí³ÛÇÝ ³é³ÝóùÇ íñ³ ³ñï³å³ïÏ»ñáÕ
(³ÛëÇÝùÝ ã³÷Ù³Ý ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÝ Çñ³·áñÍáÕ) ³ñï³å³ïÏ»ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ µ³½-
ÙáõÃÛáõÝÝ ¿, áñáÝù ïñí³Í »Ý Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ U -Ç Ñ³Ù³ñ; B -Ý S -Ç íñ³
í×ÇéÝ»ñ Ï³Û³óÝáÕ ³ÝÓÝ³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý (ìÎ²) Ý³Ë³å³ïíáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³-
Ï³ñ·Ý ¿;  -Ý S -Ç íñ³ Ý³Ë³å³ïí»ÉÇáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ñ³µ»ñ³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁ
- 110 -
å³ÛÙ³Ý³íáñáÕ ÉáõÍáÕ Ï³ÝáÝÝ ¿, áñÁ µ³í³ñ³ñáõÙ ¿ B -ÇÝ:
MM Ùá¹»ÉÇ Ï³éáõóÙ³Ý ³é³í»É ¹Åí³ñÇÝ ¨ å³ï³ëË³Ý³ïáõ ÷áõÉÁ
 ÉáõÍáÕ Ï³ÝáÝÇ µ³ó³Ñ³ÛïáõÙÝ ¿, áñÁ ÃáõÛÉ ¿ ï³ÉÇë ÏáÝÏñ»ï ÇÙ³ëï
Ñ³Õáñ¹»É Ñ³Ù»Ù³ïíáÕ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ Ý³Ë³å³ïíáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ:
¶áÛáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»Ý  -Ç áñáßÙ³Ý »ñÏáõ, ëÏ½µáõÝùáñ»Ý Çñ³ñÇó ï³ñµ»ñ,
Ùáï»óáõÙÝ»ñ. åñ»ëÏñÇåïÇí (ÝáñÙ³ïÇí³ÛÇÝ) ¨ ¹ÇëÏñÇåïÇí (ÝÏ³ñ³·ñ³-
Ï³Ý): ²é³çÇÝ ¹»åùáõÙ ÉáõÍáÕ Ï³ÝáÝÁ ïñíáõÙ ¿ ÇÝã-áñ Çñ³Ï³Ý  (  )
ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇ ï»ëùáí (ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³óí³Í Ï³Ù ÇÝï»·ñ³É³ÛÇÝ ã³÷³ÝÇß), áñÇ
³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ ïñí³Í Ñ³í³ù³ÍáõÝ §÷³Ã³ÃíáõÙ¦ ¿ Ù»Ï
ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³Ï³Ý ã³÷³ÝÇßÇ Ù»ç, ¨ µ³½Ù³ã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÝáõÃÛ³Ý ÑÇÙÝ³ËÝ¹ÇñÁ
ÉáõÍíáõÙ ¿ ³ñÙ³ï³Ï³Ý Ó¨áí: ºñÏñáñ¹ ¹»åùáõÙ Ý³Ë Ñ»ï³½áïíáõÙ ¨
µ³ó³Ñ³ÛïíáõÙ ¿ Çñ³Ï³Ý ìÎ²-Ç Ý³Ë³å³ïíáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ B Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Á,
áñÇó Ñ»ïá, ëï³óí³Í ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÑÇÙ³Ý íñ³, Ï³éáõóíáõÙ ¿  ÉáõÍáÕ
Ï³ÝáÝÁ` Ï³Ù ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³Ï³Ý ã³÷³ÝÇßÇ Ï³Ù ¿É áñáß³ÏÇ ¿íñÇëïÇÏ Ï³-
ÝáÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ËÙµáõÃÛ³Ý ï»ëùáí (µ³½Ù³ù³ÛÉ Ù³ñ¹-Ù»ù»Ý³Û³Ï³Ý ÁÝÃ³ó³-
Ï³ñ·»ñ):
ÀÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³Ï³Ý áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÇ Ï³éáõóÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï Ýå³ï³Ï³-
Ñ³ñÙ³ñ ¿  (  ) -Á Ý»ñÏ³Û³óÝ»É ³é³í»É å³ñ½ ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý»ñÇ ½áõ·áñ¹Ù³Ý
ÙÇçáóáí, áñáÝù Ï³Ëí³Í »Ý ³í»ÉÇ ÷áùñ Ãíáí ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇó: àõëïÇ
ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³Ï³Ý áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÇÝ ëáíáñ³µ³ñ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óíáõÙ »Ý »ñÏáõ
ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý å³Ñ³ÝçÝ»ñª ·áÛáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ïáõÃÛ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ:
¶áÛáõÃÛ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÁ Ù³ïÝ³ÝßáõÙ ¿ ³ÛÝ ÷³ëïÁ, áñ ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ
µ³½ÙáõÃÛáõÝÁ, Çñáù, ÑÝ³ñ³íáñ ¿ ÷áË³ñÇÝ»É Ýñ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñÅ»ù ¨ ù³Ý³Ï³å»ë
ã³÷íáÕ Ù»Ï ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³Ï³Ý ã³÷³ÝÇßáí: ²ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ïáõÃÛ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÁ
Ù³ïÝ³ÝßáõÙ ¿ ³ÛÝ ÷³ëïÁ, áñ Ù³ëÝ³ÏÇ áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ ÷áùñ ³×»ñÇÝ
å»ïù ¿ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý»Ý ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³Ï³Ý áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÇ ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÇ
ÝáõÛÝ Ï³ñ·Ç ÷áùñ ³×»ñ:
àñ³ÏÇ ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³Ï³Ý ã³÷³ÝÇßÇ Ï³Ù ¿É û·ï³Ï³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇ
û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý ·³Õ³÷³ñÁ ÍÝ»ó Ù³Ã»Ù³ïÇÏ³Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñ³íáñÙ³Ý ¨ ûå-
- 111 -
ïÇÙ³É Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý ·Í³ÛÇÝ ¨ áã ·Í³ÛÇÝ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý µ³½Ù³ÃÇí
å³ñ³Ù»ïñ³Ï³Ý Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñ, áñáÝóáõÙ áñå»ë ûåïÇÙ³É³óÝáÕ ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý»ñ
ëáíáñ³µ³ñ û·ï³·áñÍíáõÙ »Ý ·Í³ÛÇÝ, ÙáõÉïÇåÉÇÏ³ïÇí, ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³óí³Í ¨
³í»ÉÇ ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ ï»ëùÇ ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ [74]: àñáß³ÏÇ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ
÷³Ã³ÃÝ»ñÇó ó³ÝÏ³ó³ÍÁ, ÇÝãå»ë ³å³óáõóíáõÙ ¿ [64]-áõÙ, å³ïÏ³ÝáõÙ ¿
ä³ñ»ïáÛÇ µ³½ÙáõÃÛ³ÝÁ Ï³Ù ¿É ó³ÝÏ³ó³Í å³ñ»ïáÛ³Ï³Ý Ï»ïÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ
ÙÇßï ¿É Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ¿ ·ïÝ»É ³ÛÝåÇëÇ ÷³Ã³Ã, áñÇ ûåïÇÙáõÙÁ ó³ÝÏ³ó³Í ã³÷áí
Ùáï ÏÉÇÝÇ ïíÛ³É Ï»ïÇÝ:
ºÝÃ³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ, áñ ûµÛ»ÏïÇí Ùá¹»ÉÁ å³ñáõÝ³ÏáõÙ ¿ ³ÙµáÕç ³ÝÑñ³-
Å»ßï ÇÝýáñÙ³óÇ³Ý É³í³·áõÛÝ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ÁÝïñÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ, Ñ³Ï³ëáõÙ ¿
µ³½Ù³ã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ ËÝ¹ñÇ ¿áõÃÛ³ÝÁ, áñÁ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ÷áË½ÇçáõÙ³ÛÇÝ µÝáõÛÃÇ
Ù»ç ¿: ÆëÏ ¹ñ³ Ñ³Ù³ñ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï »Ý Éñ³óáõóÇã ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ, áñáÝù
Ï³ñáÕ »Ý ëï³óí»É ìÎ²-Ç ÏáÕÙÇó ¨ áñÝ ¿É å³ï³ëË³Ý³ïáõ ¿ ÇÝãå»ë ³Û¹
í×éÇ, ³ÛÝå»ë »É Ýñ³ ÑÝ³ñ³íáñ Ñ»ï¨³ÝùÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ: ºÉÝ»Éáí Éñ³óáõóÇã
ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ µÝáõÃ³·ñ»ñÇó áñáÝù å»ïù ¿ ëï³óí»Ý ìÎ² -Çóª í×Çé-
Ý»ñÇ Ï³Û³óÙ³Ý ÁÝÃ³ó³Ï³ñ·»ñÁ ¹³ë³Ï³ñ·íáõÙ »Ý ³åñÇáñÇ, ³åáëï»ñÇá-
ñÇ ¨ Ñ³ñÙ³ñíáÕ ³¹³åïÇí ÁÝÃ³ó³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ :
²åñÇáñÇ ÁÝÃ³ó³Ï³ñ·»ñÁ ÑÇÙÝí³Í »Ý ³ÛÝ »ÝÃ³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³, áñ
ÉáõÍíáÕ ËÝ¹ñÇ Ùá¹»ÉÁ å³ñáõÝ³ÏáõÙ ¿ É³í³·áõÛÝ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ÷ÝïñÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ
³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ³ÙµáÕç ÇÝýáñÙ³óÇ³Ý: ²ÝáñáßáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³Ûëï»Õ í»ñ³óíáõÙ ¿ Éáõ-
ÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³Ï³Ý áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÇ ³åñÇáñÇ ïñÙ³Ý ÙÇçáóáíª
ÑÇÙÝí»Éáí ÉáÏ³É ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ùµ ÝÏ³ñ³·ñíáÕ µÝáõÃ³·ñ»ñÇÝ:
ÀÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³Ï³Ý áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÁ Ùá¹»ÉÇ Ù»ç ³åñÇáñÇ ÙïóÝ»Éáõ Ñ»ï
Ï³åí³Í Ùáï»óáõÙÝ ³éÏ³ ¿ ûåïÇÙ³É Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý ½³Ý³½³Ý ËÝ¹Çñ-
Ý»ñáõÙ:
²åáëï»ñÇáñÇ ÁÝÃ³ó³Ï³ñ·»ñáõÙ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ Ý³-
Ë³å³ïíáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É ëïáõ·íáõÙ »Ý ËÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÇó ³Ý-
ÙÇç³å»ë ³é³ç, ÇëÏ Ñ³ñÙ³ñíáÕ ÁÝÃ³ó³Ï³ñ·»ñáõÙª Ý³Ë³å³ïíáõÃÛáõÝ-
Ý»ñÇ Ñ³çáñ¹³Ï³Ý µ³ó³Ñ³ÛïÙ³Ý ×³Ý³å³ñÑáíª ÃáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ
- 112 -
µ³½ÙáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ»ï³½áïÙ³Ý Ñ»ï ÙÇ³Å³Ù³Ý³Ï: ²Ûë ÁÝÃ³ó³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ ³é³-
í»ÉáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³åñÇáñÇ ÁÝÃ³ó³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ ÝÏ³ïÙ³Ùµ ³ÛÝ ¿, áñ Ýñ³ÝóáõÙ Ñëï³-
Ïáñ»Ý áñáßí³Í »Ý ³ÛÝ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝó Ï³ï³ñÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï Ýñ³Ýù
Ï³ñáÕ »Ý ÏÇñ³éí»É ÏáÝÏñ»ï ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñáõÙ: ´³ñ¹áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³ÝáõÙ
Ï³åí³Í »Ý Ù»Í Í³í³Éáí Éñ³óáõóÇã ÇÝýáñÙ³óÇ³ ëï³Ý³Éáõ ¨ í»ñçÇÝÇë
³ÝÑ³Ï³ë³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ëïáõ·Ù³Ý Ù»ç:
²¹³åïÇí ÁÝÃ³ó³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ³é³í»É µÝáõÃ³·ñ³Ï³Ý ¿ ³ÛÝ
Ùáï»óáõÙÁ, Áëï áñÇ ä³ñ»ïáÛÇ µ³½ÙáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ï ë³ÑÙ³ÝÁ Ñ»ï³-
½áïíáõÙ ¿ ³ñÑ»ëï³Ï³Ýáñ»Ý Ý»ñÙáõÍíáÕ ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ùµ,
áñáÝù ¹ñíáõÙ »Ý áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ íñ³: ²¹³åïÇí Ùáï»óáõÙÝ»ñÁ
µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ï »Ý ÙÝáõÙ µ³½Ù³ã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñáõÙ
Ý³ËÁÝïñ»ÉÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý ÇÝï»ñ³ÏïÇí ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÝ»ñÇ Ï³é³í³ñ-
Ù³Ý ï»ë³ÝÏÛáõÝÇó, ù³ÝÇ áñ ³ÙµáÕç ³åñÇáñÇ ÇÝýáñÙ³óÇ³Ý, áñÁ å³ñáõ-
Ý³ÏíáõÙ ¿ ·áñÍáÕ Ï³Ù ¿É Ý³Ë³·ÍíáÕ ûµÛ»ÏïÇ Ùá¹»ÉáõÙ, áñÁ Ïïñí³Í ¿
ûåïÇÙ³É³óÙ³Ý ûµÛ»ÏïÇ µáí³Ý¹³Ï³ÛÇÝ ÷³ëï³óÇ í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛáõÝÇó, Ï³ñáÕ
¿ Ñ³Ý·»óÝ»É áã ³¹»ùí³ï ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÇ:
ÆÝï»ñ³ÏïÇí Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ Ï³éáõóÙ³Ý ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ·³Õ³÷³ñÁ ÇÝ-
ýáñÙ³óÇáÝ ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ý»ñÇ ¨ Ù³ñ¹áõ ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³Ï³Ý ÁÝ¹·ñÏÙ³Ý áõÝ³-
ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÝ áõ Ý»ñÑ³Û»óáÕ³Ï³Ý (ÇÝïáõÇïÇí) Ï³ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÝ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³-
í»ïáñ»Ý ÙÇ³íáñ»Éáõ Ù»ç ¿:
´³½Ù³ã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ ûåïÇÙ³É³óÙ³Ý ï»ë³Ï³Ý ÑÇÙÝ³¹ñáõÛÃÝ»ñÇÝ
í»ñ³µ»ñáÕ Ù»Í³ù³Ý³Ï ³ßË³ï³ÝùÝ»ñÇ í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ óáõÛó ¿ ï³ÉÇë, áñ
ãÝ³Û³Í µ³½³Ù³ã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ Ý»ñÏ³ÛáõÙë ³éÏ³
µ³½Ù³ÃÇí Ù³ñ¹-Ù»ù»Ý³Û³Ï³Ý Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÇÝ ¨ ÁÝÃ³ó³Ï³ñ·»ñÇÝ, ³ÛÝáõ³Ù»-
Ý³ÛÝÇí Ýñ³Ýó ÑÇÙùáõÙ ÁÝÏ³Í »Ý ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ ÁÝïñáõÃÛ³Ý áã Ù»Í
ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùµ ëÏ½µáõÝùÝ»ñ [55].
 µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ ¨ É³ÛÝáñ»Ý ï³ñ³Íí³Í ëÏ½µáõÝùÁ
»ÉÝáõÙ ¿ ·Ý³Ñ³ï³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ µ³½ÙáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³ Ý³Ë³å³ïíáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ñ³µ»-
ñ³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý ·áÛáõÃÛ³Ý »ÝÃ³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÇó, áñÁ Ï³Ëí³Í ¿ ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ
- 113 -
Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Çó, áñÇ §É³í³·áõÛÝ¦ ï³ññ»ñÁ Ñ³ÙÁÝÏÝáõÙ »Ý ËÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ
µ³½ÙáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ»ï,
 ·áñÍÝ³Ï³Ý ëÏ½µáõÝùÝ»ñÇ µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ Ù»Í ¹³ë »ÉÝáõÙ ¿
Ýå³ï³Ï³ÛÇÝ ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý»ñÇ ³ÙµáÕçáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ù»Ï ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³Ï³Ý ûåïÇÙ³-
ÉáõÃÛ³Ý ã³÷³ÝÇßÇ ï»ëùáí Ý»ñÏ³Û³óÝ»Éáõóª ¹ñ³Ýáí ÇëÏ Ñ³Ý·»óÝ»Éáí
µ³½Ù³ã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ ËÝ¹ÇñÁ ëÏ³ÉÛ³ñ ËÝ¹ñÇ,
 ÁÝïñáõÃÛ³Ý ëÏ½µáõÝùÝ»ñÇ Ñ³çáñ¹ ËáõÙµÁ ÑÇÙÝíáõÙ ¿ Ý³Ë³å³ï-
íáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³çáñ¹³µ³ñ µ³ó³Ñ³ÛïÙ³Ý ·³Õ³÷³ñÇ íñ³ª ³é³ÝÓÇÝ Ýå³-
ï³Ï³ÛÇÝ ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý»ñÇ ¨ Ýñ³Ýó ÙÇç¨ Ñ³ñ³µ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ³ÝÙÇç³Ï³Ý
í»ñÉáõÍÙ³Ý ×³Ý³å³ñÑáí; ÝÙ³Ý í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ Ï³Ù ÁÝïñíáõÙ ¿
ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ ÙÇ áñáß Ù³ëÁ, áñáÝó ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÁ å»ïù ¿ Ù»Í³óí»Ý (÷áùñ³ó-
í»Ý)ª ³ÛÝ å³ÛÙ³Ýáí, áñ ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ ÙÝ³ó³Í Ù³ëÁ å»ïù ¿ µ³í³ñ³ñÇ
áñáß ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ, Ï³Ù ¿É ÁÝïñíáõÙ ¿ ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ ³ÛÝ Ù³ëÁ, Áëï
áñáÝó ·Ý³Ñ³ï³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ µ³½ÙáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³ñ³ñ ë³ÑÙ³ÝÇ Ûáõñ³-
ù³ÝãÛáõñ Ï»ïáõÙ (áñáÝù ËÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñ ã»Ý) Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ¿ Ï³Ù ¿É ãÇ Ï³ñ»ÉÇ
·Ý³É ½ÇçáõÙÝ»ñÇª ³ÛÝ µ³ÝÇ Ýå³ï³Ïáí, áñå»ë½Ç µ³ñ»É³íí»Ý Ï³Ù ¿É ·áÝ»
å³Ñå³Ýí»Ý ÙÛáõë ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÁ:
3.2.2. Ø³Ã»Ù³ïÇÏ³Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñ³íáñÙ³Ý

µ³½Ù³ã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý
ëáõµ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÁ
¸Çï³ñÏ»Ýù µ³½Ù³ã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ áÕáñÏ ÎáõÝ-Â³Ï»ñÇ ïÇåÇ ûåïÇÙ³-

É³óÙ³Ý Ñ»ï¨Û³É ËÝ¹ÇñÁ`
L j ( X )  min , j  1 , p , (3.109)
X 
 : C( X )  0 , (3.110)
áñï»Õ Lj(X) -Á, j  1 , p – j -ñ¹ áÕáñÏ áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ ¿, p -Ý`³Û¹åÇëÇ
ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ ù³Ý³ÏÁ;  -Ý` ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ ÃáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇ ïÇñáõÛÃÁ, áñÁ ïñí³Í

¿ ³ÝÑ³í³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç ï»ëùáí; C(X) = (c1(X), ... , cm(X))T -Áª
- 114 -
áÕáñÏ áã ·Í³ÛÇÝ ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáÕ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ m ã³÷³ÝÇ í»ÏïáñÁ;
X=(x1, ...,xn)T-Á`÷ÝïñíáÕ ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ n ã³÷³ÝÇ í»ÏïáñÁ:
Ð»ï¨»Éáí [95] –ÇÝ, (3.109), (3.110) ËÝ¹ÇñÁ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óÝ»Ýù Ñ»ï¨Û³É
Ñ³Ù³ñÅ»ù ëï³ïÇÏ ÙÇ³ã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ áã áÕáñÏ È³·ñ³ÝÅÇ ïÇåÇ
ûåïÇÙ³É³óÙ³Ý ËÝ¹ñÇ ï»ëùáí`
L( X )  min , (3.111)
X 
 : S( X )  C( X )  C( X )  0 , (3.112)
áñï»Õ L(X)=(L1(X), ... ,Lp(X))T –Á p ã³÷³ÝÇ í»Ïïáñ³Ï³Ý áñ³ÏÇ

ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ ¿;  -Ý` ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ é»¹áõóí³Í ÃáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇ ïÇñáõÛÃÁ, áñÁ ïñíáõÙ
¿ (3.112) Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·áí; S(X)=(s1(X), ... ,sm(X))T -Á` áã
áÕáñÏ áã ·Í³ÛÇÝ é»¹áõóí³Í ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáÕ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ m ã³÷³ÝÇ
í»ÏïáñÁ:
´³½Ù³ã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ ûåïÇÙ³É³óÙ³Ý Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÇÝ ÝíÇñí³Í µ³½Ù³-
ÃÇí ³ßË³ï³ÝùÝ»ñÇ í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ (³Û¹åÇëÇ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÁ Ù³ë-
Ý³·Çï³óí³Í Ñ³ßíÇãÝ»ñÇ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ùµ Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý ¨ ³ñ³-
·³óí³Í Ù³ëßï³µÝ»ñáõÙ ëï³Ý³Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí, Ù³ëÝ³íáñ³å»ë` ³ñ³·-
ÁÝÃ³ó ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÝ»ñÇ Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ Ï³Ù ¿É å³ñ½ ¨, ÙÇ³-
Å³Ù³Ý³Ï, µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ï Ù»ù»Ý³Û³Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñ³ÛÇÝ ÙÇçáó-
Ý»ñ ëï»ÕÍ»Éáõ ï»ë³ÝÏÛáõÝÇó) Ñ³Ý·»óÝáõÙ ¿ ³ÛÝ »½ñ³Ï³óáõÃÛ³ÝÁ, áñ Ýßí³Í
Ýå³ï³ÏÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ³é³í»É Ñ³ñÙ³ñ ¿ ³ÛÝ Ùáï»óáõÙÁ, áñÁ ÑÇÙÝí³Í ¿
§áõïáåÇ³Ï³Ý Ï»ïÇ¦ Ù»Ãá¹Ç [86] ¨ ÙÇ³ã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ ûåïÇÙ³É³óÙ³Ý
ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ ³ñ³·ÁÝÃ³ó ëáõµ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÇ [95] ÑÝ³ñ³íáñáõ-
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ½áõ·áñ¹Ù³Ý íñ³ (ãÝ³Û³Í ÙÇ³ÝÙ³Ý Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ÁÝÃ³ó³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ
Ù»Í Í³í³ÉÇÝ, Ï³åí³Í p Ñ³ï Ý³ËÝ³Ï³Ý Ù³ëÝ³ÏÇ ÙÇ³ã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ
ûåïÇÙ³É³óÙ³Ý ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ, ÇÝãå»ë Ý³¨ Ù»Ï`Éñ³óáõóÇã ³·ñ»·³óÝáÕ
ëÏ³ÉÛ³ñ ã³÷³ÝÇßáí ûåïÇÙ³É³óÙ³Ý ËÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³ÝÁ):
²ÛëåÇëáí, »ÝÃ³¹ñ»Ýù, áñ Ù³ëÝ³ÏÇ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÁ
( X 0j , L j ( X j 0 )  L j 0 ), j  1 , p Ï»ï»ñÝ »Ý: àõïáåÇ³Ï³Ý Ï»ïÇ Ù»Ãá¹Ç

- 115 -
Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝ (3.111), (3.112) µ³½Ù³ã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ ËÝ¹ÇñÁ Ñ³Ý·»óÝ»Ýù
ù³é³Ïáõë³ÛÇÝ áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßáí Ñ»ï¨Û³É ÙÇ³ã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ ËÝ¹ñÇÝ`
L ( X )  ( L( X )  L0 )T  ( L( X )  L0 )  min , (3.113)
X 
Ω:S(X)  0 , (3.114)
áñï»Õ L( X )  L0  ( L1 ( X )  L01 ,..., L p ( X )  L0p )T - í»ÏïáñÁ
L( X )  ( L1 ( X ),..., L p ( X ))T í»Ïïáñ³Ï³Ý áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÇ µ³Õ³¹ñÇãÝ»-

0 0 0 T
ñÇ ¨ L  ( L1 ,..., L p ) áõïáåÇ³Ï³Ý Ï»ïÇ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý Ïááñ¹ÇÝ³ï-
Ý»ñÇ ï³ñµ»ñáõÛÃÝ»ñÇ p ã³÷³ÝÇ í»Ïïáñ-ëÛáõÝÝ ¿:

²ÛÝáõÑ»ï¨ Ñ³ßíÇ ³éÝ»Éáí 3.1.1 µ³ÅÝÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÁ, Ï³½Ù»Ýù
ÁÝ¹É³ÛÝí³Í
L ( X )  ( L( X )  L0 )T  ( L( X )  L0 )  S T ( X )  K   S ( X ) (3.115)
ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý, áñï»Õ K   diag ( K  1 ,..., K  m ) -Ý µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ Ù»Í Ñ³ëï³-
ïáõÝ ïáõ·³Ý³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍ³ÏÇóÝ»ñÇ m Ï³ñ·³ÝÇ ³ÝÏÛáõÝ³·Í³ÛÇÝ Ù³ïñÇóÝ ¿:

(3.115) ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇ ëï³óÇáÝ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ Ñ³Ý·»óÝáõÙ »Ý
L ( X )  2  LT ( X )  ( L( X )  L0 )  2  S T ( X )  K   S ( X )  0 (3.116)
í»ñç³íáñ Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·ÇÝ, áñï»Õ` L ( X ) -Á (3.115)

T
ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇ ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³óí³Í ·ñ³¹Ç»ÝïÝ ¿ ( n ã³÷³ÝÇ í»Ïïáñ) ; L ( X ) -Á`
(3.111) í»Ïïáñ³Ï³Ý áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÇ ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý Ù³ëÝ³ÏÇ ³Í³ÝóÛ³ÉÝ»-

T
ñÇó Ï³½Ùí³Í Ù³ïñÇóÁ ( n  p ã³÷»ñáí Û³ÏáµÛ³ÝÁ); S ( x ) -Á` é»¹áõóí³Í
ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáÕ (3.112) å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³óí³Í Ù³ëÝ³ÏÇ

³Í³ÝóÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇó µ³ÕÏ³ó³Í Ù³ïñÇóÁ (ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³óí³Í Û³ÏáµÛ³ÝÁ), áñÝ áõÝÇ
n  m ã³÷»ñ ¨ µ³ÕÏ³ó³Í ¿ (1.26) ï»ëùÇ ï³ññ»ñÇó:
- 116 -
²ÛÅÙ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óÝ»Ýù Ù³Ã»Ù³ïÇÏ³Ï³Ý Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝù Ý³Ë³ï»ëí³Í
»Ý (3.116) áã ·Í³ÛÇÝ ³íïáÝáÙ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç Ï³Ù ¿É Ýñ³ ùí³½Ç·Í³ÛÇÝ
Ñ³Ù³ñÅ»ùÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ:
³) ²²ê¶¸ìØ –Ý áõÝÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É ï»ëùÁ`
 T 0 T

X ( t )   K x  L ( X ( t ))  ( L( X ( t ))  L )  S ( X ( t ))   , X ( t 0 )  ?, (3.117)
  K   S ( X ( t )), (3.118)
áñï»Õ K x  diag(K x 1 ,..., K x n ) -Á µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ Ù»Í áõÅ»Õ³óÙ³Ý ·áñÍ³-
ÏÇóÝ»ñáí n Ï³ñ·³ÝÇ ³ÝÏÛáõÝ³·Í³ÛÇÝ Ù³ïñÇó ¿; μ -Ý` ·áñÍ³ñÏáÕ áõÅ»Õ³-

óáõóÇãÝ»ñÇ [36] »Éù³ÛÇÝ Ù»ÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ m ã³÷³ÝÇ í»ÏïáñÁ, áñÝ ³å³ÑáíáõÙ
¿ (3.114) Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ï»ëùáí å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»Ý³ÉÁ :
µ) ²²ê¶¸ìøØ –Ç Ñ³Ù³ñ Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ K -ñ¹ »ÝÃ³ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý
íñ³ áõÝ»Ýù Ñ»ï¨Û³É Ïïáñ-Ñ³ñÃ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óáõÙÝ»ñÁ`
X K  1  X K  X K , (3.119)
L  L( X K )  LT ( X K )  X K , (3.120)
S  S ( X K )  S ( X K )   X K , (3.121)
áñï»Õ XK - Ý ³Û¹ K -ñ¹ »ÝÃ³ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý ³Ùñ³Ï³Ûí³Í Ï»ÝïñáÝÝ ¿, ÇëÏ

X k -Ý`÷ÝïñíáÕ ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ ³×»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý í»ÏïáñÁ: ²Û¹
¹»åùáõÙ ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É í³Ûñ¿çùÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ý áõÝÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É ï»ëùÁ`
d ( X K  X K ( t ))
dt
 
  K X  LT ( X K )  ( L( X K )  L0 )  S T ( X K )   K ,
(3.122)
X 0  ?, X 0 ( 0 )  ?,
 K  K   S ( X K )  S ( X K )  X K ( t ) , (3.123)

áñï»Õ K X  diag K x1 ,..., K x n  -Á µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ Ù»Í ï³ññ»ñáí (KX
Ù³ïñÇóÇÝ ÝÙ³Ý ) n Ï³ñ·³ÝÇ ³ÝÏÛáõÝ³·Í³ÛÇÝ Ù³ïñÇó ¿:

ì»ñçÝ³Ï³Ý³å»ë ÏáõÝ»Ý³Ýù Ñ»ï¨Û³É Ùá¹»ÉÁª
- 117 -
X k ( t )   K x  LT ( X k )  ( L( X k )  L0 )  S T ( X k )   k  ,
X 0  ?, X 0 ( 0 )  ?, (3.124)
 k  K   S ( X k )  S ( X k )  X k ( t ) , (3.125)
X k  1  X k  X k0 ( t ), (3.126)
L  L ( X K )  LT ( X K )  X *K ( t )  L( X K )  L0  
T
(3.127)

 ( L( X K )  L0 )  2L( X K )  X *K ( t ) , 
* *
áñï»Õ X K ( t )  X K  X K ( t )h  Ý X K ( t ) í»ÏïáñÇ Ñ³ëï³ïí³Í
³ñÅ»ùÝ ¿ Ùáï³ñÏÙ³Ý K -ñ¹ »ÝÃ³ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³:

¸ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ 1: Ø³Ã»Ù³ïÇÏ³Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñ³íáñÙ³Ý µ³½Ù³ã³÷³-
ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ ÁÝ¹Ñ³ï ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ²²ê¶¸ìØ-Á ¨ ²²ê¶¸ìø¶Ø-Á
ÏÏñÏÝ»Ý (3.117), (3.118) ¨ (3.124) - (3.127) ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁª
Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ï»ëùáí ïñí³Í ÁÝ¹É³ÛÝí³Í
Q( X )  ( S T ( X ), R T ( X ))T  0 (3.128)
ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñáí ïñíáÕ ÃáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇ ïÇñáõÛÃÇ ×ßïáõÃÛ³Ùµ:

¸ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ 2: Ø³Ã»Ù³ïÇÏ³Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñ³íáñÙ³Ý µ³½Ù³ã³÷³-
ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ÝÙ³Ý³ïÇå Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñ Ï³ñáÕ »Ý ³é³ç³ñÏí»É
Ý³¨ ³ÛÉ ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³Ï³Ý áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ ÏÇñ³éÙ³Ùµ:
úñÇÝ³Ï: ¸Çï³ñÏ»Ýù »ñ»ù áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñáí ¨ ÑÇÝ· ÙÇ³ÏáÕÙ³ÝÇ
ÃáõÛÉ ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñáí ïñí³Í ãÏ³åí³Í ÃáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇ ïÇñáõÛÃáí áã
áõéáõóÇÏ Ù³Ã»Ù³ïÇÏ³Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñ³íáñÙ³Ý Ñ»ï¨Û³É ËÝ¹ÇñÁ [92]ª
L1 ( x 1 , x 2 )  ( x1  9 )2  ( x 2  8 )2  min ,
x1 , x 2 
L2 ( x 1 , x 2 )  ( x 1  2 )2  ( x 2  9 )2  min ,
x1 , x 2 
L3 ( x 1 , x 2 )  x 1  x 2  min ;
x1 , x 2 
- 118 -
c 1 ( x 1 , x 2 )  x 12  4 x 2  0 ,
 2
c 2 ( x 1 , x 2 )  x 1  ( x 2  4 )  1  0 ,

 : c 3 ( x 1 , x 2 )   x 1  x 2  5  0 ,
 2
c 4 ( x 1 , x 2 )   x 1  x 2  1  0 ,
c ( x , x )   ( x  3 )2  ( x  7 )2  2.25  0 :
 5 1 2 1 2
ÊÝ¹ñÇ »ñÏñ³ã³÷áõÃÛ³Ý í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ óáõÛó ¿ ï³ÉÇë, áñ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ

ÃáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇ ïÇñáõÛÃÁ µ³ÕÏ³ó³Í ¿ »ñ»ù (  i , i  1 ,3 ) Ñ³ï Çñ³ñ Ñ»ï
ãÏ³åí³Í »ÝÃ³ïÇñáõÛÃÝ»ñÇó (ï»’ë ÝÏ. 3.11):
1. ÊÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÁ È³·ñ³ÝÅÇ »Õ³Ý³Ïáí
Ü»ñÙáõÍ»Éáí Éñ³óáõóÇã ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñ ¨ ³ÝÑ³í³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ
ï»ëùáí ïñí³Í ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÁ Ñ³Ý·»óÝ»Éáí Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ
ï»ëùáí ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ, ³ÛÝáõÑ»ï¨ ëï³Ý³Éáí È³·ñ³ÝÅÇ ËÝ¹ñÇ
ûåïÇÙ³ÉáõÃÛ³Ý ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇó ë»ñíáÕ áã ·Í³ÛÇÝ Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙ-
Ý»ñÇ áñáßÛ³É Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ý áõ ³ÛÝ ÉáõÍ»Éáí ÜÛáõïáÝÇ »Õ³Ý³Ïáíª Ñ³Ù³å³-
ï³ëË³Ý ëÏ³ÉÛ³ñ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ëï³óí»É »Ý Ñ»ï¨Û³É ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÁ
(10-5 - Ç ×ßïáõÃÛ³Ùµ)ª
0 0 0 0
³) x 1  6 , x 2  9 , L 1 ( x 1 , x 2 )  10 ,
µ) x 10  1 , x 20  6 , L 2 ( x 10 , x 20 )  18 ,
·) x 10  2 , x 20  1 , L1 ( x 10 , x 20 )  1 :
²·ñ»·³óí³Í ËÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÁ ÝáõÛÝ »Õ³Ý³Ïáí 10
÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óí³Í »Ý ³ÕÛ. 3.21. - áõÙ:
ÊÝ¹ñÇ Ñ³í³ÏÝáñ¹ ×ß·ñÇï ÉáõÍáõÙÁ (Áëï 9 ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³ñ³ñ ÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙ-
Ý»ñÇ ÙÇçÇÝ ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÇ) Ñ»ï¨Û³ÉÝ ¿`
~
x 1*  3.72197 , ~
x 2*  8.32383 ,
ÁÝ¹ áñáõÙ
L1 ( ~
x1* , ~
x2* )  27.96246, L2 ( ~x1* , ~
x 2* )  32.28373,
L3 ( ~ x 2* )  12.04580; L( ~
x1* , ~ x 1* , ~
x 2* )  725.09092 :
- 119 -
êÏ½µÝ³Ï»ïÁ Æï»ñ³- ÈáõÍáõÙÁ
ö.
x10 x20 L0 óÇ³Ý»ñ x* 1 x*2 L*
1 4 4 2891 - Ð³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÝ»ñÁ ï³ñ³ÙÇïáõÙ »Ý
2 2 39259 28 3.73439 8.30793 723.70375
-4
3 13 33960 32
4 -2 9 12932 30 3.72651 8.26603 723.57609
5 10 10 16595 40
6 9 46331 28 3.73439 8.30793 723.70375
-1
7 -2 43592 21 3.72651 8.26603 723.57609
8 6 10 2507 22 3.66052 8.66052 736.82675
9 -2 2 22571 28 3.73439 8.30793 723.70375
1
1.5 6 2608 35 3.72651 8.326603 723.57609
0
2. ÊÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÁ (3.117), (3.118) Ùá¹»ÉÇ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ùµ

ú·ï³·áñÍ»Éáí ëÏ³ÉÛ³ñ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ í»ñÝ ëï³óí³Í ÉáõÍáõÙ-
Ý»ñÁ ¨ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ
ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ û·ïí»Éáí èáõÝ·»-ÎáõïïÇ 4-ñ¹ Ï³ñ·Ç Ù»Ãá¹Çó [102]` í»ñÁ
¹Çï³ñÏí³Í 10 ÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ëï³óí»É »Ý Ñ»ï¨Û³É ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÁ
(³ÕÛ. 3.22), áñï»Õ h –Á ÇÝï»·ñÙ³Ý ù³ÛÉÝ ¿: ´áÉáñ ÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ
¿É ËÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÁ
~
x 1*  4.698013 , ~
x 2*  8.069777
Ï»ïÝ ¿, áñáõÙ
L1 ( ~
x 1* , ~
x 2* )  18 ,57970 ; L2 ( ~
x 1* , ~
x 2* )  45 ,63970 ;
L3 ( ~ x 2* )  12.76779 ; L( ~
x 1* , ~ x 1* , ~
x 2* )  891.48780 :
²Ûë ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ÷ÝïñÙ³Ý ý³½³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï³·Í»ñÁ 3-ñ¹ - 7-ñ¹ ÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ
Ñ³Ù³ñ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óí³Í »Ý ÝÏ. 3.11-áõÙ:
- 120 -
ö h KX K óÇ³Ý»ñ
x10 x20 L0 x1* x2 * L*
5
1. 4 4 2891 10 27
1
2. 2 39259 2.5104 99
-4 10-7
3. 13 33960 2104 129
10
3104
891.48780
4. -2 9 12932 73
4.698013
8.069777
5. 10 10 16595 1.5103 190
10-6 1
6. 9 46331 103 270
-1
7. -2 43592 102 20 274
10-5
8. 6 10 2507 103 1 28
9. -2 2 22571 104 270
10-7 10
10. 1.5 6 2608 5104 39
13
x2
12
11
10
(-2,9) L1(X)
9 C5(X)
L2(X) 8 (x10,x20) ³)
(9,8)
7
6
(x10,x20) µ)
5
4 C1(X)
3
C3(X) 2
(x10,x20) ·) C2(X)
1
L3(X)
0
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
-1 C4(X)
x1
-2
ÜÏ. 3.11
- 121 -
´³ó³ñÓ³Ï ¨ Ñ³ñ³µ»ñ³Ï³Ý ëË³É³ÝùÝ»ñÁ ×ß·ñÇï ÉáõÍÙ³Ý
ÝÏ³ïÙ³Ùµ Ñ³í³ë³ñ »Ýª x1  0.976043, x 2  0.254053; áñï»Õ
L  166.396880 ;  x 1  0 . 207756 ;  x 2  0.031482 ;  L  0 . 229484 ,

áñáÝó Ñ³Ù»Ù³ï³µ³ñ Ù»Í ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÁ Ñ»ï¨³Ýù »Ý Ã»° ëÏ³ÉÛ³ñ ¨ Ã»°
³·ñ»·³óí³Í áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ ³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ, áñáÝóáõÙ ³éÏ³
»Ý ù³é³ÏáõëÇÝ»ñ ¨ ù³é³ÏáõëÇÝ»ñÇ ù³é³ÏáõëÇÝ»ñ:
3. ÊÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÁ (3.124)- (3.127) Ùá¹»ÉÇ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ùµ
²·ñ»·³óí³Í ËÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÁ ÝáõÛÝ ëÏ½µÝ³Ï³Ý Ï»ï»ñáí
10 ÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óí³Í »Ý ³ÕÛ. 3.23 –áõÙ: ÊÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÁ
Ñ»ï¨Û³ÉÝ ¿ª ~
x *  4.795430 ; ~
1 x *  8.125420 , áñáõÙ L ( ~
2 x* , ~
x * )  17.694138; 1 1 2
L2 ( ~
x 1* , ~
x 2* )  46.972758 , L3 ( ~ x *2 )  13.920850; L( ~
x 1* , ~ x 1* , ~
x *2 )  1087.778700 :
²Ûë ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ÷ÝïñÙ³Ý ý³½³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï³·Í»ñÁ í»ñáÑÇßÛ³Éª Ù³ëÝ³íáñ³å»ë 3-
ñ¹ - 7-ñ¹ ÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óí³Í »Ý ÝÏ. 3.12 –áõÙ:
öáñÓ KX K
x10 x20 L0 óÇ³Ý»ñ x1* x2 * L*
1. 4 4 2891 103 11
2
10-2
2. 2 39259 2.510 40
-4
3. 13 33960 210 52
0.1
4. -2 9 12932 2
310 22
1087.77870
4.795430
8.12542
5. 10 10 16595 5104 97
4
10-4
6. 9 46331 10 30
-1
7. -2 43592 103 2.10-3 70
3 -4
8. 6 10 2507 10 10 10
2
9. -2 2 22571 10 50
10-2
10 1.5 6 2608 5102 12
- 122 -
13
x2
12
11
10
(-2,9) L1(X)
9 C5(X)
L2(X) 8 (x10,x20) ³)
(9,8)
7
6
(x10,x20) µ)
5
4 C1(X)
3
C3(X) 2
(x10,x20) ·) C2(X)
1
L3(X)
0
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
-1 C4(X )
x1
-2
ÜÏ. 3.12
´³ó³ñÓ³Ï ¨ Ñ³ñ³µ»ñ³Ï³Ý ëË³É³ÝùÝ»ñÁ ×ß·ñÇï ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ÝÏ³ï-

Ù³Ùµ Ñ³í³ë³ñ »Ýª x 1  1.073460 , x 2  0.198410 ; áñï»Õ
L  362.687800 ;  x 1  0 .288412 ;  x 2  0 .023836 ; L  0.500196 ,

áñáÝó Ñ³Ù»Ù³ï³µ³ñ Ù»Í ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÝ ³Ûëï»Õ ¨ë Ñ»ï¨³Ýù »Ý ëÏ³ÉÛ³ñ ¨
³·ñ»·³óí³Í áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ ³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ: ºñÏñ³ã³-
÷³Ï³Ý Ý»ñÏ³Û³óáõÙÝ»ñÁ (ÝÏ. 3.11 ¨ ÝÏ. 3.12) Ù³ïÝ³ÝßáõÙ »Ý ×ß·ñÇï ¨
Ùáï³íáñ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇª Çñ³ñ µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ Ùáï ¹³ë³íáñí³Í ÉÇÝ»ÉÁ:
- 123 -
¶ÉáõË 4. ¸ÆÜ²ØÆÎ ÊÜ¸ÆðÜºð
4.1. ¸Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ áã Ï³ÝáÝ³Ï³Ý
Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·»ñ
¸Çï³ñÏ»Ýù
d  f 1 ( X ( t ))
 f 2 ( X ( t )), X ( 0 )  fix (4.1)
dt
ï»ëùÇ áã Ï³ÝáÝ³Ï³Ý (÷ÝïñíáÕ ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ ³Í³ÝóÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ
ÝÏ³ïÙ³Ùµ ãÃáõÛÉ³ïñí³Í) ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Á,
áñï»Õ X ( t )  ( x 1 ( t ), ..., x n ( t ) )T -Ý ÷ÝïñíáÕ ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ n
ã³÷³ÝÇ í»ÏïáñÝ ¿, ÇëÏ f 1 ( X ( t ))  ( f 11 ( X ( t ),..., f 1m ( X ( t )))T -Á ¨

f 2 ( X ( t ))  ( f 21 ( X ( t ),..., f 2 m ( X ( t )))T -Áª áã ·Í³ÛÇÝ ûå»ñ³ïáñÝ»ñÇ m

ã³÷³ÝÇ í»ÏïáñÝ»ñ, ÁÝ¹ áñáõÙ m  n :

Üß³Ý³Ï»Ýù
f 1 ( X ( t ))  U ( t ), (4.2)
áñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ (4.1)–Çó áõÝ»Ýù
U ( t )  f 2 ( X ( t )), U ( 0 )  f 1 ( X ( 0 )),
Ï³Ù ¿É
t
U (( t ))  f 2 ( X (  ))  d , U ( X ( 0 ))  f 1 ( X ( 0 )) :
0
Ð»ï¨³µ³ñ Ùá¹»É³íáñÙ³Ý ËÝ¹ÇñÁ Ï³Û³ÝáõÙ ¿ Ýñ³ÝáõÙ, áñå»ë½Ç ·ïÝíÇ

X ( 0 ) ïñí³Í ëÏ½µÝ³Ï³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáí X ( t ) ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ ÷á÷áË-
Ù³Ý ³ÛÝåÇëÇ ûñ»Ýù, áñå»ë½Ç Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÇ Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ å³ÑÇÝ µ³í³ñ³ñíÇ
(4.2) å³ÛÙ³ÝÁ: ²Ûë ËÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ û·ïí»Ýù (2.3) ï»ëùÇ ù³é³-
Ïáõë³ÛÇÝ ïáõ·³Ý³ÛÇÝ ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇó, áñÁ Ï³éáõó»Ýù Áëï (4.2) å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ
³ÝÑ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇª
F ( X ( t ))  0 ,5   f 1 ( X ( t ))  U( X ( t ))  K    f 1 ( X ( t ))  U( X ( t ))  min (4.3)
T
X( t )
- 124 -
áñï»Õ K   diag ( k 1 ,..., k  m ) –Ý ïáõ·³Ý³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍ³ÏÇóÝ»ñÇ ³ÝÏÛáõÝ³-
·Í³ÛÇÝ Ù³ïñÇóÝ ¿:
(4.3) ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇ min -Ç ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ µ»ñáõÙ »Ý
Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·ÇÝª
f 1TX ( X ( t ))  K    f 1 ( X ( t ))  U( X ( t ))  0 ,
áñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ²²¶¸ìØ-Ý áõÝÇ ³ÛëåÇëÇ ï»ëùª
X ( t )   K X  f 1TX ( X ( t )) K    f 1 ( X ( t )) U( X ( t )), X ( 0 )  fix , (4.4)
U ( t )  f 2 ( X ( t )), U( 0 )  f 1 ( X ( 0 ))  fix , (4.5)

áñï»Õ K X  diag ( k x1 ,..., k xm ) –Ý áõÅ»Õ³óÙ³Ý ·áñÍ³ÏÇóÝ»ñÇ ³ÝÏÛáõÝ³-
·Í³ÛÇÝ Ù³ïñÇóÝ ¿:
(4.4), (4.5) ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ²²¶¸ìø¶Ø-Ý ³ÛëåÇ-
ëÇÝ ¿ª
X K ( t )   K X  f 1TX ( X K )  K , (4.6)
 K  K    f 1 ( X K )   f 1 X ( X K )  X K ( t )  U K  , (4.7)
U K ( t )  f 2 ( X K )  f 2 X ( X K )  X K ( t ) , (4.8)
X K  1  X K  X *K , X 0  X ( 0 )  fix , X K ( 0 )  ?, K , (4.9)
U K  1  U K  U *K ,U 0  U ( 0 )  fix , U K ( 0 )  ?, K : (4.10)
(4.6)– (4.10) ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ²ìîÐ-Ý áõÝÇ
l 1
 T
K
l
T
X K  EX  hX  KX  f1 X ( X K )  K  f1X ( X K )  X K   l
(4.11)
T
 hXK  KX  f ( X K )  K  f ( X K )  UK ,
l
1X  T
1X 
U K l 1

 U K l  hU K l  f 2 ( X K )  f 2 X ( X K )  X K l  (4.12)
X K  1  X K   X K l , X 0  X ( 0 )  fix , X K 0  ?, K , (4.13)
l
U K  1  U K   U K l ,U 0  U ( 0 )  fix , U K ( 0 )  ?, K , (4.14)
l
- 125 -
áñï»Õ hX K  0 -Ý ¨ hU K  0 -Ý Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý³µ³ñ Áëï X ¨ U
l l
³×»ñÇ ³ÝÑ³í³ë³ñ³ã³÷ ó³Ýó»ñÇ ù³ÛÉ»ñÝ »Ý:

2. ²ÛÅÙ ¹Çï³ñÏ»Ýù Ñ»ï¨Û³É áã Ï³ÝáÝ³Ï³Ý ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É
Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ³é³í»É µ³ñ¹ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Áª
f ( X ( t ), X ( t ))  0 , X ( 0 )  fix , X ( 0 )  fix , (4.15)
áñï»Õ X ( t )  ( x 1 ( t ), ..., x n ( t ) )T -Ý ÷ÝïñíáÕ ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ n
ã³÷³ÝÇ í»ÏïáñÝ ¿, ÇëÏ f ( X ( t ), X ( t )) 

 ( f 1 ( X ( t ), X ( t )),..., f m ( X ( t ), X ( t ))T -Áª m ã³÷³ÝÇ áã ·Í³ÛÇÝ

ûå»ñ³ïáñÁ ( m  n ):

Üß³Ý³Ï»Ýù
X ( t )  U ( t ), X ( 0 )  fix ,
T
áñï»Õ U ( t )  ( u1 ( t ), ..., un ( t ) ) -Ý Éñ³óáõóÇã ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ (Ï³é³í³-
ñáÕ ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ) n ã³÷³ÝÇ í»ÏïáñÝ ¿: ²Û¹ ¹»åùáõÙ (4.15) ËÝ¹ÇñÁ

ÏÑ³Ý·Ç Ýñ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñÅ»ù Ë³éÁ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáí Ñ»ï¨Û³É Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·ÇÝª
X ( t )  U ( t ), X ( 0 )  fix , (4.16)
f ( X ( t ),U ( t ))  0 , U ( 0 )  fix : (4.17)
àõëïÇ Ùá¹»É³íáñÙ³Ý ËÝ¹ÇñÁ ëÏ½µÝ³Ï³Ý U ( 0 ) å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáí ³ÛÝåÇëÇ
U ( t ) Ï³é³í³ñáÕ ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÷á÷áËÙ³Ý ûñ»ÝùÝ»ñÇ áñáßáõÙÝ ¿,

áñáÝó ¹»åùáõÙ X ( 0 ) ëÏ½µÝ³Ï³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáí X ( t ) íÇ×³ÏÇ ÷á÷áË³-
Ï³ÝÝ»ñÁ Ï÷á÷áËí»Ý ³ÛÝå»ë, áñå»ë½Ç Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÇ ó³ÝÏ³ó³Í å³ÑÇÝ
µ³í³ñ³ñíÇ (4.17) Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ:
²Ûë ËÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Ýå³ï³Ïáí û·ï³·áñÍ»Ýù äáÝïñÛ³·ÇÝÇ max -Ç
ëÏ½µáõÝùÁ, áñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝ Ð³ÙÇÉïáÝÇ ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý ÏáõÝ»Ý³ Ñ»ï¨Û³É ï»ëùÁª
H  f T ( X ( t ),U ( t ))    U T ( t )   ( t )  max , (4.18)
U(t )
- 126 -
áñï»Õ   (  1 ,...,  m )T -Ý È³·ñ³ÝÅÇ ³Ýáñáß µ³½Ù³å³ïÏÇãÝ»ñÇ m ã³-
T
÷³ÝÇ í»ÏïáñÝ ¿, ÇëÏ  ( t )  (  1 ( t ),...,  n ( t )) -Ýª Ñ³Ù³ÉáõÍ ÷á÷áË³-
Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ n ã³÷³ÝÇ í»ÏïáñÁ: ì»ñçÇÝÝ»ñÇë Ñ³Ù³ñ áõÝ»Ýù ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³-

í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Áª
H
 (t)  -  f XT ( X ( t ),U ( t ))   ,  ( 0 )  ? : (4.19)
X(t)
(4.18) Ñ³ÙÇÉïáÝÛ³ÝÇ é»·áõÉÛ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ Ñ³Ý·»óÝáõÙ »Ý
Ñ»ï¨Û³É Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·ÇÝª
H
 f UT ( X ( t ),U ( t ))     ( t )  0 : (4.20)
U ( t )
²ÛëåÇëáí ËÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ²²¶¸ìØ-Á ïñíáõÙ ¿ Ñ³ñ³µ»ñ³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ
Ñ»ï¨Û³É Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·áíª
X ( t )  U ( t ), X ( 0 )  fix , (4.21)
  K   f ( X ( t ),U ( t )) , (4.22)
 ( t )  f XT ( X ( t ),U ( t ))   ,  ( 0 )  ? , (4.23)
 
U ( t )   K U  f UT ( X ( t ),U ( t ))     ( t ) , U ( 0 )  fix , (4.24)
áñï»Õ K   diag ( k 1 ,..., k  m ) –Ý µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ Ù»Í ï³ññ»ñáí ³ÝÏÛáõÝ³-
·Í³ÛÇÝ Ù³ïñÇóÝ ¿ (ïáõ·³Ý³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍ³ÏÇóÝ»ñÇ Ù³ïñÇóÇ ÝÙ³Ý³ÏÁ), áñÝ

³å³ÑáíáõÙ ¿ (4.17) ÑáÉáÝáÙ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»Ý³ÉÁ Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÇ
ó³ÝÏ³ó³Í å³ÑÇÝ (³Û¹ ÃíáõÙ Ý³¨ t  0 å³ÑÇÝ), K U  diag ( k u1 ,..., k um ) -Ý
ÝáõÛÝå»ë µ³í³Ý³Ï³ã³÷ Ù»Í ï³ññ»ñáí áõÅ»Õ³óÙ³Ý ·áñÍ³ÏÇóÝ»ñÇ ³ÝÏÛáõ-

Ý³·Í³ÛÇÝ Ù³ïñÇóÝ ¿, ÇëÏ  ( 0 ) -Ýª Ñ³Ù³ÉáõÍ ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ ëÏ½µÝ³Ï³Ý
³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÇ n ã³÷³ÝÇ ÁÝïñíáÕ í»ÏïáñÁ:
(4.21)– (4.24) ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ²²¶¸ìø¶Ø-Ý áõÝÇ
- 127 -
X K ( t )  U K ( t )  U K , (4.25)
K  K    f ( X K , U K )  f X ( X K , U K )   X K (t )  fU ( X K , U K )U K (t ), (4.26)
K ( t )  f XT ( X K , U K )   K ,  K (0)  ? , (4.27)

U K ( t )   K U  f UT ( X K , U K )   K   K ( t ) ,  (4.28)
X K 1  X K  X K* , X 0  X (0)  fix , X K (0)  ?, K , (4.29)
U K 1  U K  U K* , U 0  U (0)  fix , U K (0)  ?, K : (4.30)

(4.25)– (4.30) ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ²ìîÐ-Ý ³ÛëåÇëÇÝ ¿ª
X K l 1
 X K l  hX K l  U K l , (4.31)
 K  K    f ( X K ,U K )  f X ( X K ,U K )   X K  f U ( X K ,U K )  U K ,
l l
(4.32)
K l1
  K l  h K l  f XT ( X K ,U K )   K ,  K 0  ? , (4.33)
U K l 1
 
 U K l  hU K l  K U  f UT ( X K ,U K )   K   K l , K , (4.34)
X K  1  X K   X K l , X 0  X ( 0 )  fix , X K 0  ?, K , (4.35)
l
U K  1  U K   U K l ,U 0  U ( 0 )  fix , U K 0  ?, K , (4.36)
l
áñï»Õ hX K  0 -Ý ¨ hU K  0 -Ý Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý³µ³ñ Áëï X ¨ U

l l
³×»ñÇ ³ÝÑ³í³ë³ñ³ã³÷ ó³Ýó»ñÇ ù³ÛÉ»ñÝ »Ý, ÇëÏ h K l  0 -Ýª

 ( t ) Ñ³Ù³ÉáõÍ ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ ³ÝÑ³í³ë³ñ³ã³÷ ó³ÝóÇ ù³ÛÉÁ:
²ÛÅÙ ¹Çï³ñÏ»Ýù (4.15) Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Ù»Ï ³ÛÉª Ñ³Ù»Ù³ï³µ³ñ
å³ñ½ »Õ³Ý³Ï: (4.16) Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Á Ý»ñÏ³Û³óÝ»Ýù
t
X ( t )   U (  )d , X ( 0 )  fix (4.37)
0
ï»ëùáí, áñï»ÕÇó ¿É å³ñ½ ¿, áñ ËÝ¹ÇñÁ Ñ³Ý·»ó ³ÛÝåÇëÇ U ( t ) ûÅ³Ý¹³Ï

í»Ïïáñ³Ï³Ý ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÇ ÷á÷áËÙ³Ý ûñ»ÝùÇ, áõëïÇ ¨ X ( t ) í»Ïïáñ³-
Ï³Ý ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÇ áñáßÙ³ÝÁ, áñå»ë½Ç ÇÝï»·ñÙ³Ý 0 , t  Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³ÛÇÝ
- 128 -
ÙÇç³Ï³ÛùÇ Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ å³ÑÇÝ ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»Ý³ (4.17) å³ÛÙ³ÝÁ: ²Ûë ËÝ¹ñÇ
ÉáõÍáõÙÁ Ñ»ßï ¿ Çñ³·áñÍ»É (4.17) Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç ³ÝÑ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ
û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ùµ
F ( X ( t ),U ( t ))  f T ( X ( t ),U ( t ))  K   f ( X ( t ),U ( t )) 
(4.38)
 f T ( U ( t ))  K   f ( U ( t ))
ù³é³Ïáõë³ÛÇÝ ïáõ·³Ý³ÛÇÝ ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇ Ï³éáõóÙ³Ý ¨ í»ñçÇÝë Áëï U( t )
÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÇ ÙÇÝÇÙ³É³óÙ³Ý ×³Ý³å³ñÑáí:
(4.38) ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇ min -Ç ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Á
Ñ»ï¨Û³ÉÝ ¿ª
F
 f UT ( U ( t ))  K   f ( U ( t ))  0 :
U ( t )
ì»ñçÇÝÇë ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ²²¶¸ìØ-Á ÏáõÝ»Ý³ ³ÛëåÇëÇ ï»ëùª
U ( t )   K U  f UT ( U ( t ))   ,U ( 0 )  fix , (4.39)
  K   f ( U ( t )) , (4.40)
áñï»Õ K U ¨ K  Ù³ïñÇóÝ»ñÁ Ë³ÕáõÙ »Ý ÝáõÛÝ ¹»ñÁ, ÇÝã áñ Ý³Ëáñ¹

Ùáï»óÙ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ:
(4.39), (4.40) ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ²²¶¸ìø¶Ø-Ý áõÝÇ
U K ( t )   K U  f UT ( U K )   K , (4.41)
 K  K    f ( U K )  f U ( U K )  U K ( t ) , (4.42)
U K  1  U K  U *K ,U 0  U ( 0 )  fix , U K ( 0 )  ?, K : (4.43)
(4.41)– (4.43) ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ²ìîÐ-Ý ¿É áõÝÇ
U K l 1
 U K l  hU K  K U  f UT ( U K )   K , (4.44)
l
 K  K    f ( U K )  f U ( U K )  U K , l
(4.45)
U K 1  U K   U K l , U 0  U (0)  fix , U K 0  ?, K : (4.46)

l
- 129 -
ÜÏ³ï»Ýù, áñ µáÉáñ ³Ûë Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ X ( t ) í»Ïïáñ³Ï³Ý
÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÁ Ñ³ßí³ñÏíáõÙ ¿ (4.37) ³éÝãáõÃÛ³ÝÁ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý:
4.2. ¸ÇÝ³ÙÇÏ ¿ùëïñ»Ù³É ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñ
î³ñµ»ñáõÙ »Ý ³Ùñ³Ï³Ûí³Í ¨ ã³Ùñ³Ï³Ûí³Í ³ÝóÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ïáí,

³Ùñ³Ï³Ûí³Í ¨ Ù³ë³Ùµ ³Ùñ³Ï³Ûí³Í »½ñ³ÛÇÝ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáí, Ïáé»Ïï ¨ áã
Ïáé»Ïï ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñ, ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñ Ñ³ïáõÏ, í»ñ³ë»ñí³Í Ï³Ù ¿É ëáÕ³óáÕ
é»ÅÇÙÝ»ñáí ¨ ³ÛÉÝ [36, 49]:
¸Çï³ñÏ»Ýù ¹ÇÝ³ÙÇÏ ¿ùëïñ»Ù³É ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ ³é³í»É ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ ¹³ëÁ,
áñÁ ÝÏ³ñ³·ñíáõÙ ¿ Ñ»ï¨Û³É ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·áíª
L( X ( t ),U ( t ))  e xtre mum , (4.47)
X ( t ),U ( t )G ( X ( t ),U ( t ))
X ( t )  f ( X ( t ),U ( t )), X ( t 0 )  fix , t  t 0  fix ,T  ?  , (4.48)
G ( X ( t ),U ( t )) : C ( X ( t ),U ( t ))  0 , (4.49)
áñï»Õ L( X ( t ),U ( t )) –Á ëÏ³ÉÛ³ñ áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ ¿,
X ( t )  ( x 1 ( t ), ..., x n ( t ) )T -Ýª ³ÝÑ³Ûï íÇ×³ÏÇ ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ n ã³÷³ÝÇ
í»ÏïáñÁ, U ( t )  ( u1 ( t ), ..., ur ( t ) )T -Ýª Ï³é³í³ñáÕ ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ r ã³-
÷³ÝÇ í»ÏïáñÁ, G ( X ( t ),U ( t )) -Ýª ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ï³åí³Í ÃáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇ

³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÇ ïÇñáõÛÃÁ, áñÁ ïñíáõÙ ¿ ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáÕ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ m ã³÷³-
T
ÝÇ C ( X ( t ),U ( t ))  ( c 1 ( X ( t ),U ( t )),..., c m ( X ( t ),U ( t ))) í»Ïïáñáíª ³Ù-
ñ³Ï³Ûí³Í ëÏ½µÝ³Ï³Ý X ( t 0 )  G ( X ( t ),U ( t )) å³ÛÙ³Ýáí ¨ ³ÝóÙ³Ý ã³Ù-
ñ³Ï³Ûí³Í Å³Ù³Ý³Ïáí (4.48) ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ï³å»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ: ºÝÃ³¹ñ»Ýù

Ý³¨, áñ L( X ( t ),U ( t )) –Ý, C ( X ( t ),U ( t )) -Ý ¨ f ( X ( t ),U ( t )) -Ý áõÝ»Ý
³é³çÇÝ Ï³ñ·Ç Ù³ëÝ³ÏÇ ³Í³ÝóÛ³ÉÝ»ñ Áëï X ( t ) ¨ U ( t ) í»ÏïáñÝ»ñÇ
µáÉáñ µ³Õ³¹ñÇãÝ»ñÇ:
- 130 -
Øá¹»É³íáñÙ³Ý ËÝ¹ÇñÁ Ï³é³í³ñáÕ ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ í»ÏïáñÇ
÷á÷áËÙ³Ý ³ÛÝåÇëÇ ûñ»ÝùÇ áñáßáõÙÝ ¿, áñÁ t 0 ,T   Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³Ñ³ïí³ÍÇ
íñ³ Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÇ ó³ÝÏ³ó³Í å³ÑÇÝ ¿ùëïñ»Ù³É³óÝáõÙ ¿ (4.47) áñ³ÏÇ
ã³÷³ÝÇßÁ, ÁÝ¹ áñáõÙ, ÇÝãå»ë Ï³é³í³ñáÕ ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, ³ÛÝå»ë ¿É
íÇ×³ÏÇ ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝù ÷á÷áËíáõÙ »Ý Áëï (4.48) –Ç, ã»Ý ÉùáõÙ
Ï³åí³Í (4.49) ÃáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇ ïÇñáõÛÃÇ ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ: ²ÛÉ Ï»ñå, ËÝ¹ÇñÁ
U extr ( t ) ¨ X extr ( t ) ¿ùëïñ»Ù³ÉÝ»ñÇ áñáßáõÙÝ ¿, áñáÝù µ³í³ñ³ñáõÙ »Ý
(4.47)-(4.49) å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇÝ:
ÊÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÁ µ³ÕÏ³ó³Í ¿ Ñ³ßí³ñÏÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É »ñ»ù ÷áõÉ»ñÇó:
*
1-ÇÝ ÷áõÉÁ Ñ³Ý·áõÙ ¿ ý³½³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï³·ÍÇ Ó³Ë Í³Ûñ³Ï»ïáõÙ U ( t 0 )
í»ÏïáñÇ áñáßÙ³ÝÁ (ÑÇß»Ýù, áñ X ( t 0 ) -Ý Ý³Ëûñáù ïñí³Í ¿): ²Û¹

Ýå³ï³Ïáí ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ ÉáõÍ»É Ù³Ã»Ù³ïÇÏ³Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñ³íáñÙ³Ý áã áÕáñÏ
É³·ñ³ÝÅ³ÛÇÝ ïÇåÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É ËÝ¹ÇñÁª
L( X ( t 0 ),U ( t 0 ))  e xtre mum , (4.50)
U ( t 0 )G ( X ( t 0 ),U ( t 0 ))
G ( X ( t 0 ),U ( t 0 )) : S ( C ( X ( t 0 ),U ( t 0 )))  0 : (4.51)
Ð³Ù³éáïáõÃÛ³Ý Ýå³ï³Ïáí Ýß³Ý³Ï»Ýù ( X ( t 0 ),U ( t 0 )) ~ (  )t0 ¨,

Ñ»ï¨»Éáí (3.7), (3.8) –ÇÝ, Ý»ñÏ³Û³óÝ»Ýù ÃáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇ ïÇñáõÛÃÇ ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇó
¹áõñë ·ïÝíáÕ í³Ûñ¿çùÇ Ñ»ï³·ÍÇ ÁÝÃ³óÇÏ Ï»ïÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý
²²ê¶¸ìØ-Á: ²ÛÝ áõÝÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É ï»ëùÁª
L(  )t0  min , (4.52)
U(t )

U ( t )   K U  LU (  )t0  S UT (  )t0   ,U ( t 0 )  ? ,  (4.53)
  K   S (  )t , 0
(4.54)
áñï»Õ K U  diag ( k u1 ,..., k ur ) –Ý µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ Ù»Í áõÅ»Õ³óÙ³Ý
·áñÍ³ÏÇóÝ»ñáí ³ÝÏÛáõÝ³·Í³ÛÇÝ Ù³ïñÇóÝ ¿, K   diag ( k 1 ,..., k m ) -Ýª

µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ Ù»Í ïáõ·³Ý³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍ³ÏÇóÝ»ñáí ³ÝÏÛáõÝ³·Í³ÛÇÝ
- 131 -
Ù³ïñÇóÁ, áñÝ ³å³ÑáíáõÙ ¿ (4.51) å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»Ý³ÉÁ, ÇëÏ U ( t 0 ) –
Ýª Ï³é³í³ñáÕ ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ï³Ù³Û³Ï³Ýáñ»Ý ÁÝïñíáÕ ëÏ½µÝ³Ï³Ý
å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ í»ÏïáñÁ ý³½³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï³·ÍÇ Ó³Ë Í³Ûñ³Ï»ïáõÙ:
(4.52)-(4.54) ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ²²ê¶¸ìø¶Ø-Á
( X ( t 0 ),U K ( t 0 )) ~ (  )K t Ýß³Ý³ÏÙ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ áõÝÇ ³ÛëåÇëÇ ï»ëùª
0
L( X ( t 0 ),U ( t 0 ))  L(  )K t  LTU (  )K t  U *K ( t 0 )  min , (4.55)

0 0 U K ( t0 )
U K ( t 0 )   K U  LU (  )K t0

 S UT (  )K t   ,
0
 (4.56)
U 0 ( t 0 )  ?, U K ( t 0 )  ?, K ,

  K   S (  )K t0
 S U (  )K t  U K ( t 0 ) ,
0
 (4.57)
U K  1 ( t 0 )  U K ( t 0 )  U *K ( t 0 ) , (4.58)
áñï»Õ U K ( t 0 ) –Ý Ï³é³í³ñáÕ ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý

Ùáï³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³Ù³Û³Ï³Ýáñ»Ý ÁÝïñíáÕ ëÏ½µÝ³Ï³Ý ³×Ý ¿ Ùáï³ñÏÙ³Ý
K -ñ¹ »ÝÃ³ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý Ï»ÝïñáÝáõÙ:
²ìîÐ-Ý ¿É ³ÛëåÇëÇÝ ¿ª
L( X ( t 0 ),U ( t 0 ))  L(  )K t  LTU (  )K t   U K l ( t 0 )  min , (4.59)
0 0 U K ( t0 )
l
l 1
 T
U K ( t 0 )  E U  hU  K U  SU (  )K  K   SU (  )K
Kl t0 t0  U Kl ( t0 ) 

 hU K l  K U  LU (  )K t  SUT (  )K t  K   SU (  )K t ,
0 0 0
 (4.60)
U 0 ( t 0 )  ?, U 0 ( t 0 )  ?,K ,
U K  1 ( t 0 )  U K ( t 0 )   U K l ( t 0 ) , (4.61)
l
áñï»Õ E U –Ý r Ï³ñ·³ÝÇ ÙÇ³íáñ Ù³ïñÇó ¿:

²Ûë Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÇ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É í³Ûñ¿çùÇ Ù»Ãá¹Ç
³ëÇÙåïáïÇÏáñ»Ý Ï³ÛáõÝ ï»Õ³ÛÇÝ µÝáõÛÃÇ Ñ»ï¨³Ýùáí (4.50), (4.51) ËÝ¹ÇñÁ
å»ïù ¿ ÉáõÍ»É Ý³ËÝ³Ï³Ý Ï»ï»ñÇ µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ ù³Ý³ÏÇ ¹»åùáõÙ, áñÇó
- 132 -
Ñ»ïá ½³ï»É Çñ³ñÇó ï³ñµ»ñ Ñ³í³ÏÝáñ¹ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ ï»Õ³ÛÇÝ ËÙµ»ñÁ:
ÊÝ¹ñÇ ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³Ï³Ý ÉáõÍáõÙÁ Ïå³ñáõÝ³ÏíÇ Ýå³ï³Ï³ÛÇÝ ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇ
Ýí³½³·áõÛÝ ³ñÅ»ùáí ÇÝã-áñ ï»Õ³ÛÇÝ ËÙµáõÙ: ²Û¹åÇëáí ÏáñáßíÇ U * ( t0 )
í»ÏïáñÁ, áõëïÇ ¨ X ( t 0 ),U * ( t 0 )  í»ÏïáñÁ ý³½³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï³·ÍÇ Ó³Ë
Í³Ûñ³Ï»ïáõÙ:
2. 2-ñ¹ ÷áõÉÁ ý³½³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï³·ÍÇ ³ç Í³Ûñ³Ï»ïáõÙ X *

( T ),U * ( T )
»½ñ³ÛÇÝ å³ÛÙ³ÝÇ áñáßáõÙÝ ¿: ²Û¹ Ýå³ï³Ïáí ¿É ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ ÉáõÍ»É
Ù³Ã»Ù³ïÇÏ³Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñ³íáñÙ³Ý áã áÕáñÏ É³·ñ³ÝÅ³ÛÇÝ ïÇåÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É
ËÝ¹ÇñÁª
L( X ( T ),U ( T ))  min , (4.62)
X ( T ),U ( T )G ( X ( T ),U ( T ))
G ( X ( T ),U ( T )) : S ( C ( X ( T ),U ( T )))  0 : (4.63)

Üß³Ý³Ï»Éáí ( X ( T ),U ( T )) ~ (  )T ¨ Ñ»ï¨»Éáí (3.7), (3.8)-ÇÝª ÃáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇ
ïÇñáõÛÃÇ ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇó ¹áõñë ·ïÝíáÕ í³Ûñ¿çùÇ Ñ»ï³·ÍÇ ÁÝÃ³óÇÏ Ï»ïÇ
Ñ³Ù³ñ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ²²ê¶¸ìØ-Á Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ¿ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óÝ»É Ñ»ï¨Û³É
Ï»ñåª
L(  )T  min , (4.64)
X ( T ),U ( T )

X ( t )   K X  LX (  )T  S TX (  )T   , X ( t 0 )  ? , (4.65)
U ( t )   K U  L U (  )T  S UT (  )T    ,U ( t 0 )?, (4.66)

  K   S (  )T , (4.67)
áñï»Õ K X  diag ( k x1 ,..., k x n ) –Á µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ Ù»Í ï³ññ»ñáí áõÅ»Õ³ó-
Ù³Ý ·áñÍ³ÏÇóÝ»ñÇ ³ÝÏÛáõÝ³·Í³ÛÇÝ Ù³ïñÇóÝ ¿ ( K U Ù³ïñÇóÇÝ ÝÙ³Ý),

K   diag ( k 1 ,..., k m ) -Ýª (4.63) å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»Ý³ÉÝ ³å³ÑáíáÕ
µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ Ù»Í ïáõ·³Ý³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍ³ÏÇóÝ»ñÇ ³ÝÏÛáõÝ³·Í³ÛÇÝ Ù³ïñÇóÁ,
X ( t 0 ) -Ý ¨ U ( t 0 ) -Ýª ý³½³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï³·ÍÇ ³ç Í³Ûñ³Ï»ïáõÙ íÇ×³ÏÇ
÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ Ï³é³í³ñáÕ ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ï³Ù³Û³Ï³Ýáñ»Ý
ÁÝïñíáÕ ëÏ½µÝ³Ï³Ý Ùáï³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ:
- 133 -
( X K ( T ),U K ( T )) ~ (  )K T Ýß³Ý³ÏÙ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý
²²ê¶¸ìø¶Ø-Ý áõÝÇ ³ÛëåÇëÇ ï»ëùª
L( X ( T ),U ( T ))  L(  )KT  LTX (  )KT  X *K ( T ) 
(4.68)
 LTU (  )KT  U *K ( T )  min ,
X K ( T ),U K ( T )
X K ( t )   K X  L X (  )KT  S TX (  )KT    ,

(4.69)
X 0 ( T )  ?, X K ( t 0 )  ?, K ,
U K ( t )   K U  LU (  )KT  S UT (  )KT    ,
(4.70)
U 0 ( T )  ?, U K ( t 0 )  ?, K ,
  K   S (  )K T  S X (  )K T  X K ( t )  S U (  )K T  U K ( t ) , (4.71)
X K  1 ( T )  X K ( T )  X *K ( T ) , (4.73)
U K  1 ( T )  U K ( T )  U *K ( T ) , (4.73)
áñï»Õ X K ( t 0 ) -Ý ¨ U K ( t 0 ) -Ý íÇ×³ÏÇ ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ Ï³é³í³ñáÕ
³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý Ùáï³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ï³Ù³Û³Ï³Ýáñ»Ý
ÁÝïñíáÕ ëÏ½µÝ³Ï³Ý ³×»ñÝ »Ý Ùáï³ñÏÙ³Ý K –ñ¹ »ÝÃ³ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý
Ï»ÝïñáÝáõÙ:
²ìîÐ-Ý áõÝÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É ï»ëùÁª
L( X ( T ),U ( T ))  L(  )KT  LTX (  )K T   X K l ( T ) 
l
(4.74)
T
 L (  )K T   U K l ( T ) 
U min ,
X K ( T ),U K ( T )
l
T
 X K l 1 (T )   EX  hX K l  K X  S X () KT  K   S X ()KT
 
 U K (T )     h T
 l 1   U K l  K U  SU () KT  K   SU () KT
 hX K l  KX  STX ()KT  K  S X ()KT   X K l (T ) 

T    

EU  hU K  KU  S ()KT  K  SU ()KT
U

  K lU (T ) 
l

 hX K  K X  LX ()KT  S TX ()KT  K   S X ()KT  (4.75)

 ,
l
 Kl

 hU  K U  LU ()KT  SUT ()KT  K   SU ()KT (4.76)
- 134 -
X K  1 ( T )  X K ( T )   X K l ( T ) , X 0 ( T )  ?, X K 0 ( T )  ?, K , (4.77)
l
U K  1 ( T )  U K ( T )   U K l ( T ) ,U 0 ( T )  ?, U K 0 ( T )  ?, K , (4.78)
l
áñï»Õ E X –Á ¨ E U -Ý Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý³µ³ñ n ¨ r Ï³ñ·³ÝÇ ÙÇ³íáñ

Ù³ïñÇóÝ»ñ »Ý:
(4.64)-(4.67), (4.68)-(4.73) ¨ (4.74)- (4.78) Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÇ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý
Å³Ù³Ý³Ï (4.62), (4.63) ËÝ¹ÇñÁ ¨ë ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ ÉáõÍ»É µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷
ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùµ ëÏ½µÝ³Ï³Ý Ï»ï»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ¨ ï»Õ³ÛÇÝ Ñ³í³ÏÝáñ¹
ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ù»ç ½³ï»É ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³Ï³Ý ÉáõÍáõÙÁ, ³ÛëÇÝùÝª X *

( T ),U * ( T )
»½ñ³ÛÇÝ å³ÛÙ³ÝÁª ý³½³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï³·ÍÇ ³ç Í³Ûñ³Ï»ïáõÙ: ¸ñ³Ýáí ÇëÏ
Ï³í³ñïí»Ý ³é³çÇÝ »ñÏáõ Ý³Ë³å³ïñ³ëï³Ï³Ý ÷áõÉ»ñÁª ËÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý
ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ýª 3-ñ¹ ÷áõÉÇÝ ³ÝóÝ»Éáõ Ñ³Ù³ñ:
3. 3-ñ¹ ÷áõÉáõÙ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ ÉáõÍ»É Ñ»ï¨Û³É ËÝ¹ÇñÁª

L( X ( t ),U ( t ))  e xtre mum , (4.79)
X ( t ),U ( t )G ( X ( t ),U ( t ))
X ( t )  f ( X ( t ),U ( t )), ( X ( t 0 ),U * ( t 0 ))  fix ,

( X * ( T ),U * ( T ))  fix , (4.80)
t  t 0  fix ,T  ?  ,
G ( X ( t ),U ( t )) : S ( C ( X ( t ),U ( t )))  0 , (4.81)
³ÛÉ Ï»ñå ³ë³Í, ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ Ï³éáõó»É ³Ùñ³Ï³Ûí³Í »½ñ³ÛÇÝ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáí
ûåïÇÙ³É ý³½³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï³·ÇÍÁ: ²Ûë Ýå³ï³Ïáí ¨ë û·ïí»Ýù äáÝïñÛ³·ÇÝÇ
max –Ç ëÏ½µáõÝùÇó, Áëï áñÇ Ð³ÙÇÉïáÝÇ ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý ÏáõÝ»Ý³ Ñ»ï¨Û³É
ï»ëùÁª
H  L ( X ( t ), U ( t ))  0 ( t )  f T ( X ( t ), U ( t ))  ( t ) 
(4.82)
 S T ( X ( t ), U ( t ))    max ,
U (t )
áñï»Õª  0 ( t ) –Ý ëÏ³ÉÛ³ñ ³ñï³¹ñÇã ¿, áñÁ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³ÝáõÙ ¿ (4.79)

T
áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÇÝ;  ( t )  ( 1 ( t ),..., n ( t )) -Ý Ñ³Ù³ÉáõÍ ÷á÷áË³Ï³Ý-
- 135 -
Ý»ñÇ n ã³÷³ÝÇ í»ÏïáñÝ ¿, áñÁ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³ÝáõÙ ¿ ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É
Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ (4.80) Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·ÇÝ, ÇëÏ  ( t )  (  1 ( t ),...,  m ( t ))T –Ý

È³·ñ³ÝÅÇ ³Ýáñáß µ³½Ù³å³ïÏÇãÝ»ñÇ m ã³÷³ÝÇ í»ÏïáñÁ, áñÝ ¿É
Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³ÝáõÙ ¿ (4.81) ÑáÉáÝáÙ ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ í»ÏïáñÇÝ:
Üß³Ý³Ï»Éáí ( X ( t ),U ( t )) ~ (  )t ` (4.82) Ñ³ÙÇÉïáÝÛ³ÝÇ ¹»åùáõÙ
ý³½³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï³·ÍÇ ó³ÝÏ³ó³Í ÁÝÃ³óÇÏ Ï»ïÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ¾ÛÉ»ñ-È³·ñ³ÝÅÇ

Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Á ÏáõÝ»Ý³ ³ÛëåÇëÇ ï»ëùª
x 0 ( t )  H  0  L(  )t  min , (4.83)
X(t),U(t)
X ( t )   H   f (  ) t
, X(t 0 )  fix, X * (T)  fix , (4.84)
 0 ( t )  H x  0 ,  0 (t 0 )  ? ,
0
(4.85)
 ( t )  H X  LX (  )t   0 ( t ) - f XT (  )t   ( t ) - S TX (  )t  ( t ),
(4.86)
 (t0 )  ? ,
0  H U   LU (  )t   0 ( t )   f UT (  )t   ( t )  S UT (  )t   ( t ) ,
(4.87)
U * (t 0 )  fix , U * (T)  fix ,
0  H   S(  )t , (4.88)
áñï»Õ (4.83)-Á áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ ¿, (4.84)-Áª X ( t 0 ) ¨ X * ( T ) ³Ùñ³Ï³Ûí³Í
»½ñ³ÛÇÝ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáí ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Á, (4.85)-Á ¨
(4.86)-Áª Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý³µ³ñ  0 ( t 0 ) ¨  ( t 0 ) ³ÝÑ³Ûï ëÏ½µÝ³Ï³Ý

å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáí Ñ³Ù³ÉáõÍ ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Á, (4.87)-Áª (4.82)
Ñ³ÙÇïáÝÛ³ÝÇ Áëï Ï³é³í³ñáÕ ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ é»·áõÉÛ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý
å³ÛÙ³ÝÁ, (4.88)-Áª (4.82) Ñ³ÙÇÉïáÝÛ³ÝÇ é»·áõÉÛ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ Áëï
È³·ñ³ÝÅÇ ³Ýáñáß  ( t ) µ³½Ù³å³ïÏÇãÝ»ñÇ, H  0 -Ý, H  -Ý, H x0 -Ý ¨

- 136 -
H  -Ýª (4.82) ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇ ·ñ³¹Ç»ÝïÝ»ñÁª Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý³µ³ñ Áëï
 0 ,  , x 0 ¨  ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ ( 1, n, 1 ¨ m ã³÷³ÝÇ í»ÏïáñÝ»ñ), H X -
Á ¨ H U -Ýª (4.82) ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇ ëáõµ·ñ³¹Ç»ÝïÝ»ñÝ Áëï X ( t ) ¨ U( t )
÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ (n ¨ r ã³÷³ÝÇ í»ÏïáñÝ»ñ):

ÜÏ³ïÇ áõÝ»Ý³Éáí ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ (4.83)-(4.88) Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Áª (4.79) -
(4.81) ¹ÇÝ³ÙÇÏ ¿ùëïñ»Ù³É ËÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ²²ê¶¸ìØ-Á ÏÝ»ñÏ³Û³óíÇ
L(  )t  min , (4.89)
X(t),U(t)
X ( t )  f (  )t , X(t 0 )  fix, X * (T)  fix , (4.90)
 0 ( t )  0 ,  0 (t 0 )  ? , (4.91)
 ( t )  LX (  )t  0 ( t ) - f XT (  )t  ( t ) - S TX (  )t  ( t ), (t0 )  ? , (4.92)

U ( t )   K U   LU (  )t   0 ( t )   f UT (  )t   ( t )  S UT (  )t   ( t ) ,  (4.93)
U * (t 0 )  fix , U * (T)  fix ,
( t )  K   S(  )t , (4.94)
áñï»Õ K U  diag ( k u1 ,..., k ur ) -Á ¨ K   diag ( k 1 ,..., k m ) -Á Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ë-
Ë³Ý³µ³ñ µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ Ù»Í ï³ññ»ñáí áõÅ»Õ³óÙ³Ý ¨ ïáõ·³Ý³ÛÇÝ

·áñÍ³ÏÇóÝ»ñÇ r ¨ m Ï³ñ·³ÝÇ ³ÝÏÛáõÝ³·Í³ÛÇÝ Ù³ïñÇóÝ»ñ »Ý, áñáÝù
³å³ÑáíáõÙ »Ý (4.90) ³ÝóáõÙ³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÇ ³ñ³· Ï³ÛáõÝ³óáõÙÁ ¨ (4.81)
 
ÑáÉáÝáÙ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ï³ï³ñáõÙÁ t 0 ,T ÙÇç³Ï³ÛùÇ Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÇ ó³ÝÏ³ó³Í
å³ÑÇÝ:
(4.89)- (4.94) ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ²²ê¶¸ìø¶Ø-Á
Ùáï³ñÏÙ³Ý K –ñ¹ »ÝÃ³ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý ( X K ( t ),U K ( t )) ~ (  )Kt Ï»ÝïñáÝÇ
¹»åùáõÙ ÏáõÝ»Ý³ Ñ»ï¨Û³É ï»ëùÁª
- 137 -
L( X ( t ), U ( t ))  L() Kt  LTX () Kt  X K* 
(4.95)
 LTU () Kt  U K*  min ,
X K (t),U K (t)
X K ( t )  f (  )Kt  f X (  )Kt  X K ( t )  f U (  )Kt  U K (t),

(4.96)
X 0 (t)  X(t 0 )  fix, X * (T)  fix , X K (t 0 )  ?, K ,
 0 ( t )  0 ,  0 (t 0 )  ? ,
K K
(4.97)
 K ( t )  LX (  )Kt  0 ( t ) - f XT (  )Kt  K ( t ) - STX (  )Kt  K ( t ), 0 (t0 )  ?, (4.98)

K K

U K ( t )   K U  LU (  )Kt  0 ( t )  fU (  )Kt  K ( t )  SU (  )Kt   K ( t ) ,
K
T T
 (4.99)
U0 (t)  U * (t0 )  fix,U * (T)  fix, U K (t0 )  ?,K ,
 K ( t )  K   S (  )Kt  S X (  )Kt  X K ( t )  SU (  )Kt  U K ( t ) , (4.100)
X K  1 ( t )  X K ( t )  X *K , (4.101)
U K  1 ( t )  U K ( t )  U *K : (4.102)
(4.91) Ï³Ù ¿É (4.97) ëÏ³ÉÛ³ñ ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇó Ñ»ï¨áõÙ ¿, áñ
 0 ( t 0 )   0 ( t 0 )  const , K : ØÛáõë ÏáÕÙÇó, Ñ³Ù³ÉáõÍ ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÁ

K
áñáßí³Í »Ý ÇÝã-áñ Ñ³ëï³ïáõÝ ³ñï³¹ñÇãÇ ×ßïáõÃÛ³Ùµ, áñÇ å³ï×³éáí ¿É
ÙÇÝÇÙ³É³óíáÕ áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñáí ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñáõÙ ëáíáñ³µ³ñ ÁÝ¹áõÝíáõÙ
¿, áñ  0 ( t )  const  1 : àõëïÇ, Ñ»ï³·³ ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó ³ñï³ùë»Éáí
(4.97)-Á, (4.95)-(4.102) –ÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ²ìîÐ-Á Ï³ñáÕ »Ýù Ý»ñÏ³Û³ó-
Ý»É ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·áíª
- 138 -
L( X ( t ),U ( t ))  L(  )Kt  LTX (  )K t   X K l 
l
(4.103)
T
 L (  )K t   U K l 
U min ,
X K ( t ),U K ( t )
l
 X K l 1  EX  hX K l  f X ()Kt 0

  
  K l 1    h K l  STX ()Kt  K  SX ()Kt E  h K  f XT ()Kt
l
   T T
U  h
 K l 1   U K l U  K  SU () Kt  K   S X () Kt  hU K l  K U  fU ()Kt
hX K l   f U (  ) Kt   X K 
  l 
 h K l  S TX (  ) Kt  K   SU ( ) Kt     Kl 
T   U 
E U  hU K l  K U  SU (  ) Kt  K   SU ( ) Kt  Kl 

 hX  f X ( ) Kt 
 Kl 
  T
 h K l  LX ( ) Kt  S X (  ) Kt  K   S ( ) Kt , 
 
 Kl

 hU K U  LU ( ) Kt  SUT (  ) Kt  K   S ( ) Kt 


X 0 ( t )  X ( t 0 )  fix , X * (T )  fix ,  X K 0  ?,  K , (4.104)
 0 0   0 ( t 0 )  ?, (4.105)
U 0 ( t )  U * ( t 0 )  fix , U * (T )  fix ,  U K 0  ?, K , (4.106)
X K  1 ( t )  X K ( t )   X K l , (4.107)
l
U K  1 ( t )  U K ( t )   U K l , (4.108)
l
áñï»Õ h K  0 –Ý Áëï Ñ³Ù³ÉáõÍ ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ ³ÝÑ³í³ë³ñ³ã³÷

l
ó³ÝóÇ ù³ÛÉÝ ¿, ÇëÏ E -Ýª n Ï³ñ·³ÝÇ ÙÇ³íáñ Ù³ïñÇó:
²ÛëåÇëáí, (4.79)-(4.81) ËÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÁ, Ç í»ñçá, Ñ³Ý·áõÙ ¿ ³ÛÝåÇëÇ
 ( t 0 ) í»ÏïáñÇ áñáßÙ³ÝÁ, áñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ µ³í³ñ³ñíáõÙ »Ý ÇÝãå»ë ¿ùëïñ»-

Ù³ÉÝ»ñÇ ÁÝï³ÝÇùÇÝ å³ïÏ³ÝáÕ ý³½³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï³·ÍÇ Ó³Ë ¨ ³ç Í³Ûñ³-
- 139 -
Ï»ï»ñáõÙ »½ñ³ÛÇÝ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ, ³ÛÝå»ë ¿É ³Û¹ Ñ»ï³·ÍÇ íñ³ ³å³ÑáííáõÙ
»Ý áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÇ ûåïÇÙ³É ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÁ t 0 ,T  Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³Ñ³ïí³ÍÇ
ó³ÝÏ³ó³Í å³ÑÇÝ: ²Ûë ÑÇÙÝ³ËÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÁ Ï³åí³Í ¿  ( t 0 ) í»ÏïáñÇ

³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÇ ÁÝïñáõÃÛ³Ý ³ßË³ï³ï³ñ µ³½Ù³ï³ñµ»ñ³Ï³ÛÇÝ ÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙ-
Ý»ñÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÙ³Ý ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßïáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ»ï: ²ÝóÙ³Ý T  t 0 Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÝ ³Û¹
¹»åùáõÙ å³ÛÙ³Ý³íáñíáõÙ ¿ ÇÝãå»ë »½ñ³ÛÇÝ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ Çñ³ñÇó áõÝ»ó³Í

Ñ»é³íáñáõÃÛ³Ùµ, ³ÛÝå»ë ¿É Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ ÏáÝÏñ»ï ËÝ¹ñÇ ³ÛÉ µÝáõÃ³-
·ñ»ñáí: ÀÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ ¹»åùáõÙ, ûåïÇÙ³É ý³½³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï³·ÇÍÁ µ³ÕÏ³ó³Í ¿
Çñ³ñ ÏóíáÕ ³é³ÝÓÇÝ ï»Õ³Ù³ë»ñÇó, áñáÝù ¹³ë³íáñí³Í »Ý Ï³Ù
ÃáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇ ïÇñáõÛÃÇ ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ Ï³Ù ¿É Ýñ³ ë³ÑÙ³ÝÇ íñ³: §²ÝÏÛáõ-
Ý³ÛÇÝ¦ Ï»ï»ñáõÙ ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»Ý Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ ÏóÙ³Ý
å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ: ÂáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇ ïÇñáõÛÃÇ Ý»ñëáõÙ ¹³ë³íáñí³Í Ñ»ï³·ÍÇ
ï»Õ³Ù³ë»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ µ³í³ñ³ñíáõÙ »Ý S j ( C j ( X ( t ),U ( t ))  0 , j  1 , m
å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ, ÇÝãÝ ³ÝÑ³Ù»Ù³ï å³ñ½»óÝáõÙ ¿ ³é³ç³ñÏí³Í Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÁ: ºÃ»

ý³½³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï³·ÇÍÁ ï»Õ³µßËíáõÙ ¿ ÃáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇ ïÇñáõÛÃÇ ÇÝã-áñ ( m  l ) -
ã³÷³ÝÇ ÏáÕÇ íñ³ (³Û¹ ¹»åùáõÙ l Ñ³ï ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñ ( 1  l  m )
ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»Ý Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ï»ëùáí, ÇëÏ m  l ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñª
³ÝÑ³í³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ï»ëùáí), ³å³ ³Ûë Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÁ å³ñ½»óíáõÙ »Ý
Ù³ëÝ³ÏÇáñ»Ýª ³Û¹ ÏáÕÇ ã³÷³ÛÝáõÃÛ³ÝÁ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý:
úñÇÝ³Ï: ¸Çï³ñÏ»Ýù Ñ»ï¨Û³É ¹ÇÝ³ÙÇÏ ¿ùëïñ»Ù³É ËÝ¹ÇñÁ [38]`
L( x , u )  ( x  a ) 2  ( u  b ) 2  min ,
x ,u
x ( t )  u( t ), x( 0 )  x 0  fix ,
c1 ( x , u )  x 2  u  0 ,
c2 ( u )  u  4  0 ,
- 140 -
áñï»Õ ( a , b ) ½áõÛ·Á, ³ÏÝÑ³Ûïáñ»Ý, áñáßáõÙ ¿ L( x , u ) Ýå³ï³Ï³ÛÇÝ
ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇ Ñ³í³ë³ñ Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÇ ·Í»ñÁ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óÝáÕ Ñ³Ù³Ï»ÝïñáÝ
ßñç³Ý³·Í»ñÇ Ï»ÝïñáÝÝ»ñÇ Ïááñ¹ÇÝ³ïÝ»ñÁ:
ÈáõÍáõÙ: ÊÝ¹ñÇ ãáñë ï³ñµ»ñ³ÏÝ»ñÇ áõëáõÙÝ³ëÇñáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÁª
Ï³Ëí³Í ( a , b ) Ï»ÝïñáÝÇ Ïááñ¹ÇÝ³ïÝ»ñÇ ÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝÇó ¨ ëÏ½µÝ³Ï³Ý
x 0 å³ÛÙ³ÝÇ ³ñÅ»ùÇó Ù»Ï ÷áñÓ³ñÏÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ Áëï Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ ÷áõÉÇ
Ý»ñÏ³Û³óí³Í »Ý ³ÕÛ. 4.1-áõÙ ¨ å³ïÏ»ñí³Í »Ý ÝÏ. 4.1—ÝÏ. 4.4 – áõÙ, ÁÝ¹
áñáõÙ, ³)-»ñáõÙ å³ïÏ»ñí³Í »Ý ëÏ½µÝ³Ï³Ý u0* , L*0 ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÇ
(Ñ³ßí³ñÏÝ»ñÇ ³é³çÇÝ ÷áõÉ) ¨ í»ñçÝ³Ï³Ýª uT* , x T* , L*T (Ñ³ßí³ñÏÝ»ñÇ

»ñÏñáñ¹ ÷áõÉ) ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÇ ÷ÝïñÙ³Ý Ñ»ï³·Í»ñÁ; µ)-»ñáõÙ å³ïÏ»ñí³Í »Ý
ûåïÇÙ³É ý³½³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï³·Í»ñÁ (Ñ³ßí³ñÏÝ»ñÇ »ññáñ¹ ÷áõÉ); ·)-»ñáõÙ
å³ïÏ»ñí³Í »Ý Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³ÛÇÝ µÝáõÃ³·ñ»ñÁª u* ( t ) –Ý,
x * ( t ) -Ý ¨ L* ( t ) -Ý: ²é³çÇÝ ï³ñµ»ñ³ÏÇ ¹»åùáõÙ ûåïÇÙ³É ý³½³ÛÇÝ

Ñ»ï³·ÇÍÝ ³ÙµáÕçáõÃÛ³Ùµ ï»Õ³µ³ßËí³Í ¿ ÃáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇ ïÇñáõÛÃÇ Ý»ñëáõÙ,
»ñÏñáñ¹ ï³ñµ»ñ³ÏÇ ¹»åùáõÙª c 2 ( u )  0 ë³ÑÙ³ÝÇ íñ³, ÇëÏ »ññáñ¹
ï³ñµ»ñ³ÏÇ ¹»åùáõÙ ³ÙµáÕçáõÃÛ³Ùµ §Ïå³Í ¿¦ c 1 ( x , u )  0 ë³ÑÙ³ÝÇÝ, ÁÝ¹
áñáõÙ Ýñ³ ³çª ( 0 ,0 ) Í³Ûñ³Ï»ïÇÝ Ñ³ëÝáõÙ »Ýù ³Ýí»ñç Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÇ
ÁÝÃ³óùáõÙ, ãÝ³Û³Í ³ÛÝ µ³ÝÇÝ, áñ x ( t )  x 2 ( t ), X ( 0 )  x 0 Îáßáõ ËÝ¹ñÇ
³Ý³ÉÇïÇÏ ÉáõÍáõÙÁ ·áÛáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝÇ ÙÇÙÇ³ÛÝ 0 , x 0  t  Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³Ñ³ïí³ÍÇ
íñ³, áñï»Õ x0  t  1 [29]: ÎáÝÏñ»ï ¹»åùáõÙ áñå»ë ³Û¹åÇëÇ
Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³Ñ³ïí³Í ¿ Í³é³ÛáõÙ 0 , t  x   0 , 2 3
0
1
Ñ³ïí³ÍÁ, áñÇ
¹»åùáõÙ ý³½³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï³·ÍÇ ³ç Í³Ûñ³Ï»ïÇ Ïááñ¹ÇÝ³ïÝ»ñÇ ë³ÑÙ³Ý³ÛÇÝ
³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÁ Ñ³ëÝáõÙ »Ý ÙÇ³ÛÝ u( 2 3 )  0 ,5625 Ïááñ¹ÇÝ³ïÝ»ñáí Ï»ïÇÝ:
ØÇÝã¹»é ³Ûë ËÝ¹ñÇ Ãí³ÛÇÝ ÉáõÍáõÙÁ ¾ÛÉ»ñÇ »Õ³Ý³Ïáí x 0  1 ,5 ëÏ½µÝ³Ï³Ý
Ï»ïÇ ¨ h  0 ,1 ù³ÛÉÇ ¹»åùáõÙ Ñ³ëï³ïáõÙ ¿, áñ, ÇëÏ³å»ë, ³ÝóÙ³Ý
- 141 -
Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³ÙÇçáóÝ ³Ýí»ñç ¿: âáññáñ¹ ï³ñµ»ñ³ÏÇ ¹»åùáõÙ ûåïÇÙ³É
ý³½³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï³·ÇÍÁ µ»ÏÛ³É ¿, áñÁ µ³ÕÏ³ó³Í ¿ »ñÏáõ Ñ³ïí³ÍÝ»ñÇó: ²é³çÇÝ
Ñ³ïí³ÍÁ ï»Õ³µ³ßËí³Í ¿ ÃáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇ ïÇñáõÛÃÇ ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙª
0 , t 1   0 ;0 ,077  Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³Ñ³ïí³ÍÇ íñ³: ºñÏñáñ¹ Ñ³ïí³ÍÁ §Ïå³Í ¿¦
c 1 ( x , u )  0 ë³ÑÙ³ÝÇÝª t 1 ,T   0 ,077 ;0 ,124  Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³Ñ³ïí³ÍÇ
ÁÝÃ³óùáõÙ: t 1  0 ,077 å³ÑÇÝ ( 3 ,3 ) ³ÝÏÛáõÝ³ÛÇÝ Ï»ïáõÙ ËÝ¹ñÇ
÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÁ ã»Ý Ë½íáõÙ, ù³ÝÇ áñ ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»Ý Ñ»ï¨Û³É å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁª
x *1 ( T1  0 )  x *1 ( T1  0 )  1 ,7320 ; u*1 ( T1  0 )  u*1 ( T1  0 )  3 ;
L* ( T  0 )  L* ( T  0 )  5 ,1440 : ²Ûëï»Õ ãÇ Ë½íáõÙ Ý³¨ íÇ×³ÏÇ
÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÇ ³Í³ÝóÛ³ÉÁ, ù³ÝÇ áñ x *1 ( T1  0 )  x *1 ( T1  0 )  3 , ë³Ï³ÛÝ

Ï³é³í³ñáÕ ³½¹»óáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÇ ³Í³ÝóÛ³ÉÝ»ñÁ Ë½íáõÙ »Ý,
ù³ÝÇ áñ ³Û¹ ¹»åùáõÙ u * ( T1  0 )  0 , u * ( T1  0 )  10 ,3920 ;
L* ( T1  0 )  13 ,6070  L* ( T1  0 )  4 ,5360 : ²Ûë ï³ñµ»ñ³ÏÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ

ËÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ÷ÝïñÙ³Ý ¹ÇÝ³ÙÇÏ³Ý Ý»ñÏ³Û³óí³Í ¿ ³ÕÛ. 4.2-áõÙ
(Ñ³ßí³ñÏÝ»ñÇ ³é³çÇÝ ÷áõÉ), ³ÕÛ. 4.3-áõÙ (Ñ³ßí³ñÏÝ»ñÇ »ñÏñáñ¹ ÷áõÉ) ¨
³ÕÛ. 4.4-áõÙ (Ñ³ßí³ñÏÝ»ñÇ »ññáñ¹ ÷áõÉ):
î³ñµ»ñ³Ï
Ü³ËÝ³Ï³Ý 1-ÇÝ ÷áõÉ

ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñ
a b x0 u0 ku kμ u0* L0*
1 3 6 3 4
1 -1 30 30
2 6 -1 4 8
3 0 -2 -1,5 -2 2,25 20,3
10 10
4 4 3 1,5 -1 3 6,25
- 142 -
î³ñµ»ñ³Ï
2-ñ¹ ÷áõÉ
x0(T) u0(T) ku kμ xT* uT* LT*
1 -1 2 20 20 3 0
1
3 2,5 -1,5 4
4
2 -3 -2 10 10 0 0
4 -1 1,5 3,559 1,886 4,779

î³ñµ»ñ³Ï
3-ñ¹ ÷áõÉ
T
ku kμ ψ(0) u*(t) x*(t) L*(t)
1 1 1 -1 3 3t-1 9  t 2  12  t  4 0,(6)
2 0,01 10 -1 4 4t-1 8( 2  t 2  2  t  1 ) 0,5
9 3 4( 3t  2 )2  45( 3t  2 )  81
3 1 100 -1  
( 3t  2 ) 2 3t  2 ( 3t  2 )4
t  0 ,T1 
3 3t +1,5 (3t -2,5)2
5 20 -1 t  T1 ,T  0.124
4
25 t 4  57 ,47 t 3 
3 3
1  
3  ( t  T1 )
2 2
1  3  ( t  T1 )  43 ,582 t  11 ,298t 4 1 ,205
(  t  2 ,654 )
- 143 -
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 4.2 u0 =-1, ku =kμ=10
T u L
0.003000 0.065208 14.863000
0.006000 0.061799 11.923950
0.009000 0.010413 10.086670
0.039000 2.344600 6.679595
0.078000 2.699500 6.340273
0.156000 2.936900 6.253986
0.234000 2.986700 6.250176
0.312000 2.997200 6.250008
0.390000 2.999400 6.250000
0.468000 2.999900 6.250000
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 4.3 x0(T)=-1, u0(T)=1,5; ku =kμ =10

T x u L
0.001500 -0.272360 -0.292090 29.090900
0.003000 -0.099245 -0.075206 26.260700
0.004500 0.024059 0.030580 24.625570
0.039000 1.353500 1.796000 8.453691
0.078000 1.682800 2.801100 5.408845
0.156000 1.848700 3.416500 4.801615
0.234000 1.878500 3.529900 4.781745
0.312000 1.884000 3.551200 4.781134
0.390000 1.885100 3.555200 4.781135
0.468000 1.885300 3.555900 4.781138
ÜÏ. 4.4 µ)-áõÙ å³ïÏ»ñí³Í »Ý ý³½³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï³·Í»ñÁ, áñï»Õ áÕáñÏ ÏáñÁ

Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³ÝáõÙ ¿ ÷áñÓÝ³Ï³Ý ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇÝ, ÇëÏ ( 3 ,3 ) ³ÝÏÛáõÝ³ÛÇÝ
Ï»ïáí ÏáñÁª ï»ë³Ï³Ý Ñ»ï³½áïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ: ØÝ³ó³Í ¹»åù»ñáõÙ
÷áñÓÝ³Ï³Ý ¨ ï»ë³Ï³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨ ¹ÇïíáõÙ »Ý ÙÇÙÇ³ÛÝ ³ÝÝß³Ý
ß»ÕáõÙÝ»ñ:
- 144 -
7 7
u u
(-1;6) (-1;6)
6 6 (1.5;5.5)
(-1.5;5) 5 (1.5;5.5) (-1.5;5)
5
c2=0 (1;4)
(-2,4) (-1,4)
4 4
(1;3) (2,4) (-2,4) (2,4)
c2=0 3 3
(-1;3)
2 2
c1=0 (-1;2) c1=0 (-1;2)
1 1
0
x 0
x
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
-1 -1
(-1.5,-1) (-1;-1) (2.5;-1.5) ³ (-1.5,-1) (-1;-1) (2.5;-1.5) ³
-2 -2
7 7
u u
L=4
6 6
5 5
c2=0 (1;4)
(-2,4) (-1,4)
4 4
(1;3) (2,4) (-2,4) (2,4)
c2=0 3 3
(-1;3)
2
L=8
2
c1=0 c1=0
1 1
L=4
0
x 0
x
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
-1 -1
µ µ
-2 -2
5 5 `2
u*(t) L*(t)
4 4
3 3
2 L*(t) 2
u*(t)
1 1
t t
0 0
0 1/3 2/3
-1 -1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
x*(t) · x*(t) ·
-2 -2
ÜÏ. 4.1 ÜÏ. 4.2

- 145 -
5 7
u u (1.5;6)
(-2,4) (-1.5;4) c2=0 (2,4) 6
4
(-1.5;5) (1.5;5.5)
(1;3) 3;3 5
3 (-2,4) (2,4)
(-3,3) 4
2 c2=0 3 (1.5;3)
1 c1=0 2
c1=0 (-1;2) (2;1)
x 1
0
0
x
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
-1 (3;-2) -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
-1
(-3,-2) ³ (-1.5;-1) (1.5;-1) ³
(-1.5;-2)
-2 -2
5 4.2
u u c2=0
(-2,4) c2=0 (2,4) (2,4)
4 4
c1=0
3 3.8
(-1.5;2.25) L=20.31
3.6 (1.886;3.559)
2
L=4.779
3.4 L=6.25
1 c1=0
x 3.2
0
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 3
-1 L=4 (3,3) x
2.8
µ
-2 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2 µ
2.1
15 7
L*(t)
6
10 5
4
L*(t) u*(t)
5 3
u*(t) 2
t 1
0 x*(t) t
0
0 5 10 15 20
x*(t) · -1 0 0.04 0.08 0.12 ·
-5
ÜÏ. 4.3 ÜÏ. 4.4

- 146 -
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 4.4 ψ0=-1, ku =5, kμ=20
T x u ψ L
0.001500 1.545500 3.067000 -0.925680 6.028951
0.003000 1.591900 3.119500 -0.852740 5.813050
0.004500 1.639000 3.159700 -0.781200 5.599608
0.060000 1.686700 3.189300 -0.711090 5.387322
0.075000 1.734700 3.210000 -0.642410 5.175785
0.090000 1.782900 3.223100 -0.575170 4.965141
0.105000 1.831800 3.327500 -0.582450 4.808466
0.120000 1.883000 3.509500 -0.665270 4.741217
0.130000 1.918800 3.641100 -0.740390 4.742575
4.3. Æ½áå»ñÇÙ»ïñÇÏ í³ñÇ³óÇáÝ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñ
ì³ñÇ³óÇáÝ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ ßñç³Ý³ÏÝ»ñÁ µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ É³ÛÝ »Ý: î³ñµ»-

ñáõÙ »Ý ¹³ë³Ï³Ý ¨ áã ¹³ë³Ï³Ý, ï»Õ³ß³ñÅíáÕ ¨ ãï»Õ³ß³ñÅíáÕ ë³ÑÙ³Ý-
Ý»ñáí, ³íïáÝáÙ ¨ áã ³íïáÝáÙ, å³ñ³Ù»ïñ³Ï³Ý ¨ áã å³ñ³Ù»ïñ³Ï³Ý,
Ïááñ¹ÇÝ³ïÝ»ñÇ ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏÙ³Ùµ, Ç½áå»ñÇÙ»ïñÇÏ, ÙÇ³ã³÷, µ³½Ù³-
ã³÷, Ë½íáÕ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñáí, ¿ÉÇåïÇÏ, å³ñ³µáÉ³Ï³Ý, ÑÇå»ñµáÉÇÏ, µÉáÏ³-
ë»å³ñ³µ»É³ÛÇÝ, ëáÕ³óáÕ é»ÅÇÙÝ»ñáí ¨ ³ÛÉ í³ñÇ³óÇáÝ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñ [22, 59,
101, 106]:
¸Çï³ñÏ»Ýù ùÇã Ã» ß³ï ³é³í»É ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ ³íïáÝáÙ Ç½áå»ñÇÙ»ïñÇÏ
(Ñ³í³ë³ñ³å³ñ³·ÇÍ) í³ñÇ³óÇáÝ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝù ÝÏ³ñ³·ñíáõÙ »Ý
Ñ³ñ³µ»ñ³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·áíª
t1
 L( X ( t ), X ( t ))  dt 
t0
min ,
X ( t ), X ( t )
(4.109)
t1
  ( X ( t ), X ( t ))  dt  d ,
t0
(4.110)
C ( X ( t ), X ( t ))  0 , (4.111)
- 147 -
áñï»Õ L( X ( t ), X ( t )) –Ý ëÏ³ÉÛ³ñ ÇÝï»·ñ³É³ÛÇÝ áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÇ ÙÇçáõÏÝ
¿, X ( t )  ( x 1 ( t ),..., x n ( t ))T -Ýª ÷ÝïñíáÕ ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ n ã³÷³ÝÇ
í»ÏïáñÁ, X ( t )  ( x 1 ( t ),..., x n ( t ))T -Ýª ÷ÝïñíáÕ ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ
÷á÷áËÙ³Ý ³ñ³·áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ n ã³÷³ÝÇ í»ÏïáñÁ,
 ( X ( t ), X ( t ))  (  1 ( X ( t ), X ( t ),..., q ( X ( t ), X ( t )))T -Ýª Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝ-

Ý»ñÇ ï»ëùáí (4.110) Ç½áå»ñÇÙ»ïñÇÏ ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ ÙÇçáõÏÝ»ñÇ q
ã³÷³ÝÇ í»ÏïáñÁ, d  ( d 1 ,..., d q )T -Ýª ³Û¹ ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ
Ñ³ëï³ïáõÝ ³ç Ù³ë»ñÇ q ã³÷³ÝÇ í»ÏïáñÁ, C ( X ( t ), X ( t ))T 
 ( c 1 ( X ( t ), X ( t )),..., c m ( X ( t ), X ( t )))T -Ýª ÃáõÛÉ ³ÝÑ³í³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ
ï»ëùáí ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ m ã³÷³ÝÇ í»ÏïáñÁ, t 0 -Ý ¨ t 1 -Áª
¹Çï³ñÏíáÕ ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÇ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³Ñ³ïí³ÍÇ ëÏÇ½µÁ ¨ í»ñçÁ

å³ÛÙ³Ý³íáñáÕ Ý³Ëûñáù ïñí³Í Ù»ÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ: ºÝÃ³¹ñ»Ýù Ý³¨, áñ
L( X ( t ), X ( t )) ,  ( X ( t ), X ( t )) ¨ C ( X ( t ), X ( t )) ûå»ñ³ïáñÝ»ñÝ áõÝ»Ý
³é³çÇÝ Ï³ñ·Ç ³Í³ÝóÛ³ÉÝ»ñ Áëï µáÉáñ ³ñ·áõÙ»ÝïÝ»ñÇ:
Øá¹»É³íáñÙ³Ý ËÝ¹ÇñÁ Ï³Û³ÝáõÙ ¿ t 0 , t 1   Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³Ñ³ïí³ÍÇ íñ³
X ( t ) í»ÏïáñÇ µáÉáñ µ³Õ³¹ñÇãÝ»ñÇ ÷á÷áËÙ³Ý ³ÛÝåÇëÇ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³ÛÇÝ

Ï³Ëí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ (¿ùëïñ»Ù³ÉÝ»ñÇ) áñáßÙ³Ý Ù»ç, áñáÝù ÏÙÇÝÇÙ³É³óÝ»Ý
(4.109) áñ³ÏÇ ýáõÝÏóÇáÝ³ÉÁ (4.110) ¨ (4.111) ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ
¹»åùáõÙ:
Ü»ñÏ³Û³óÝ»Ýù ß³ñÅÙ³Ý Ñ»ï³·Í»ñÇ Ù³Ã»Ù³ïÇÏ³Ï³Ý Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÁ:
Ü»ñÙáõÍ»Éáí Éñ³óáõóÇã ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñ ¨ Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñ, ÇÝãå»ë
Ý³¨ û·ï³·áñÍ»Éáí (1.24) ï»ëùÇ é»¹áõÏóÇ³Ý` (4.109)-(4.110) ËÝ¹ÇñÁ
- 148 -
Ñ³Ý·»óÝ»Ýù Ñ»ï¨Û³É Ñ³Ù³ñÅ»ùÇÝ (ûåïÇÙ³É Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý Ù³ëÝ³ÏÇ
ËÝ¹ñÇÝ)ª
x 0  min , (4.112)
X ( t ),U ( t )
x 0 ( t )  L( X ( t ),U ( t )), x 0 ( t 0 )  0 , x 0 ( t 1 )  ?, (4.113)

X ( t )  U ( t ), (4.114)
Y ( t )   ( X ( t ),U ( t )),Y ( t 1 )  Y ( t 0 )  d , (4.115)
S ( C ( X ( t ),U ( t ))  E  SIGN C ( X ( t ),U ( t ))  C ( X ( t ),U ( t ))  0 , (4.116)
áñï»Õ x 0 -Ý áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ ¿ (ëÏ³ÉÛ³ñ Ù»ÍáõÃÛáõÝ),
U ( t )  ( u1 ( t ),..., un ( t ))T -Ýª Ï³é³í³ñáÕ ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ n ã³÷³ÝÇ

T
í»ÏïáñÁ, Y ( t )  ( y 1 ( t ),..., y q ( t )) -Ýª íÇ×³ÏÇ Éñ³óáõóÇã ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ

q ã³÷³ÝÇ í»ÏïáñÁ ( q  n ), S ( C ( X ( t ),U ( t )))T 

 ( s 1 ( c 1 ( X ( t ),U ( t ))),..., s m ( c m ( X ( t ),U ( t )))T -Ýª é»¹áõóí³Í Ñ³í³ë³ñáõ-
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ï»ëùáí áã áÕáñÏ ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáÕ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ m ã³÷³ÝÇ

í»ÏïáñÁ ( m  q ):

(4.112)- (4.116) ËÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Ýå³ï³Ïáí û·ïí»Ýù äáÝïñÛ³·ÇÝÇ
max -Ç ëÏ½µáõÝùÇó: ²Û¹ ¹»åùáõÙ Ð³ÙÇÉïáÝÇ ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ýª
H  L( X ( t ), U ( t ))   0 ( t )  U T ( t )   ( t ) 
(4.117)
  ( X ( t ), U ( t ))   ( t )  S ( C ( X ( t ), U ( t ))T   ( t ) ,
áñï»Õ  0 ( t ) –Ý (4.113) ëÏ³ÉÛ³ñ ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³ë³ñÙ³ÝÁ Ñ³Ù³å³-
T
ï³ëË³Ý ëÏ³ÉÛ³ñ Ñ³Ù³ÉáõÍ ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ ¿,  ( t )  ( 1 ( t ),..., n ( t )) -Ýª
(4.114) í»Ïïáñ³Ï³Ý ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³ë³ñÙ³ÝÁ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý Ñ³Ù³-
ÉáõÍ ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ n ã³÷³ÝÇ í»ÏïáñÁ,  ( t )  (  1 ( t ),...,  q ( t ))T -Ýª

- 149 -
(4.115) í»Ïïáñ³Ï³Ý ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³ë³ñÙ³ÝÁ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý
Ñ³Ù³ÉáõÍ ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ q ã³÷³ÝÇ í»ÏïáñÁ,
 ( t )  (  1 ( t ),...,  m ( t ))T -Ýª (4.116) Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ï»ëùÇ
ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý È³·ñ³ÝÅÇ ³Ýáñáß µ³½Ù³å³ï-

ÏÇãÝ»ñÇ m ã³÷³ÝÇ í»ÏïáñÁ:
(4.117) Ñ³ÙÇÉïáÝÛ³ÝÇ ¹»åùáõÙ ÃáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇ ïÇñáõÛÃÇ ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇó
¹áõñë ï»Õ³µ³ßËí³Í ý³½³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï³·ÍÇ ó³ÝÏ³ó³Í ÁÝÃ³óÇÏ Ï»ïÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ
¾ÛÉ»ñ-È³·ñ³ÝÅÇ Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Á ÏáõÝ»Ý³ Ñ»ï¨Û³É ï»ëùÁª
x 0 ( t )  H  0  L(  )t , x 0 ( t 0 )  0 , x 0 ( t 1 )  ?, (4.118)
X ( t )  H   U ( t ), (4.119)
Y ( t )  H    (  )t ,Y ( t 0 )  0 , Y ( t 1 )  d , (4.120)
 0 ( t )  H X  0 ,  0 ( t 0 )   0 ( t 1 )  const  ?,
0
(4.121)
 ( t )  H X  L X (  )t  0 ( t )   TX (  )t   ( t )  S TX (  )t   ( t ), (4.122)
 ( t )  H Y  0 ,  ( t 0 )   ( t 1 )  const  ?, (4.123)
0  H U  LU (  )t  0 ( t )   UT (  )t   ( t )  S UT (  )t   ( t ), (4.124)
0  H   S (  )t , (4.125)
áñï»Õª (4.118)-(4.120) –Á ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ¨ Éñ³óáõóÇã íÇ×³ÏÇ ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ
Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ý ¿; (4.121)- (4.123) –Áª Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý Ñ³Ù³ÉáõÍ
÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Á; (4.124)-Á ¨ (4.125)-Áª (4.117) Ñ³ÙÇÉïáÝÛ³ÝÇ
é»·áõÉÛ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ Áëï Ï³é³í³ñáÕ ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ Áëï
È³·ñ³ÝÅÇ  ( t ) ³Ýáñáß µ³½Ù³å³ïÏÇãÝ»ñÇ; H  0 -Ý, H  -Ý, H  -Ý,
- 150 -
H x0 -Ý, H Y -Á, H  -Ýª (4.117) ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇ ·ñ³¹Ç»ÝïÝ»ñÁ Áëï  0 ,
 ( t ) ,  ( t ) , x 0 , Y ( t ) ,  ( t ) ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ ( 1 , n , q ,1 , q , m ã³÷³ÝÇ
í»ÏïáñÝ»ñ); H X -Á ¨ H U -Ýª (4.117) ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇ ëáõµ·ñ³¹Ç»ÝïÝ»ñÝ Áëï
X ( t ) ¨ U ( t ) ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ ( n ã³÷³ÝÇ í»ÏïáñÝ»ñ); LX -Á ¨ LU -Ýª
(4.109) ýáõÝÏóÇáÝ³ÉÇ ÙÇçáõÏÇ ·ñ³¹Ç»ÝïÝ»ñÝ Áëï X ( t ) ¨ U ( t ) ÷á÷áË³-
Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ ( n ã³÷³ÝÇ í»ÏïáñÝ»ñ);  X -Á ¨   U -Ýª Ç½áå»ñÇÙ»ïñÇÏ ë³Ñ-
Ù³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ ÙÇçáõÏÝ»ñÇ Û³ÏáµÛ³ÝÝ»ñÝ Áëï X ( t ) ¨ U ( t ) ÷á÷áË³-
Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ ( q  n ã³÷»ñáí Ù³ïñÇóÝ»ñ); S X -Á ¨ S U -Ýª (4.116) é»¹áõóí³Í
ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáÕ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ (1.26) ï»ëùÇ ï³ññ»ñáí ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³óí³Í
Û³ÏáµÛ³ÝÝ»ñÝ Áëï X ( t ) ¨ U ( t ) ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ ( m  n ã³÷³ÝÇ
Ù³ïñÇóÝ»ñ):
(4.118)- (4.125) ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ²²ê¶¸ìØ-Ý áõÝÇ

x 0 ( t )  L(  )t , x 0 ( t 0 )  0 , x 0 ( t 1 )  ?, (4.126)
X ( t )  U ( t ), (4.127)
Y ( t )   (  )t ,Y ( t 0 )  0 , Y ( t 1 )  d , (4.128)
 0 ( t )  0 ,  0 ( t 0 )   0 ( t 1 )  const  ?, (4.129)
 ( t )  L X (  )t  0 ( t )   TX (  )t   ( t )  S TX (  )t   ( t ), (4.130)
 ( t )  0 ,  ( t 0 )   ( t 1 )  const  ?, (4.131)
U ( t )   K U  ( LU (  )t  0 ( t )   ( t )   UT (  )t   ( t )   UT (  )t   ( t )), (4.132)
 ( t )  K   S (  )t , (4.133)
- 151 -
áñï»Õª K U  diag ( k u1 ,..., k un ) -Á ¨ K   diag ( k 1 ,..., k m ) –Á Ñ³Ù³-
å³ï³ëË³Ý³µ³ñ n ¨ m Ï³ñ·³ÝÇ µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ Ù»Í ï³ññ»ñáí ³ÝÏÛáõ-
Ý³·Í³ÛÇÝ Ù³ïñÇóÝ»ñ »Ý, áñáÝù ³å³ÑáíáõÙ »Ý (4.124) ¨ (4.125) ÑáÉáÝáÙ
å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»Ý³ÉÁ Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÇ ó³ÝÏ³ó³Í t  t0 , t 1 å³ÑÇÝ:  

(4.126)-(4.133) Ùá¹»ÉÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ²²ê¶¸ìø¶Ø-Ý ³ÛëåÇëÇÝ ¿ª
x 0 ( t )  L(  )Kt  LTX (  )Kt  X K ( t )  LTU (  )Kt  U K ( t ),

(4.134)
x0 ( t 0 )  0 , x0 ( t 1 )  ?,
X K ( t )  U K  U K ( t ), X K ( t 0 )  ?, K , (4.135)
YK ( t )   (  )Kt   X (  )Kt  X K ( t )   U (  )Kt  U K ( t ),

(4.136)
Y0 ( t 0 )  0 , Y ( t 1 )  d ,
 0 ( t )  0 ,  0 ( t 0 )   0 ( t 1 )  const  ?, (4.137)
 K ( t )  LX (  )Kt  0 ( t )   TX (  )Kt   K ( t )  S TX (  )Kt   K ( t ), (4.138)
K ( t )  0 ,  K ( t 0 )   K ( t 1 )  const  ?, (4.139)
U K ( t )   K U  ( LU (  )Kt  0 ( t )   K ( t )   UT (  )Kt   K ( t ) 

(4.140)
 SUT (  )Kt   K ( t )), U K ( t 0 )  ?, K ,
 K ( t )  K   ( S (  )Kt  S X (  )Kt  X K ( t )  S U (  )Kt  U K ( t )), (4.141)
X K  1 ( t )  X K  X *K , (4.142)
U K  1 ( t )  U K  U *K : (4.143)
ì²îÐ-Ý áõÝÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É ï»ëùÁª
- 152 -
 x 0 K l  1  1 hx0 K l  LTX (  )Kt 0 0
  
 X K l  1  0 E X 0 0
 Y  0 hx0 K l   TX (  )Kt EY 0
 Kl  1  
  0 Kl  1   0 0 0 0
   T
  Kl  1  0  h K  S X (  )Kt  K   S X (  )Kt 0  h K  LTX (  )Kt
l l
  Kl  1  0 0 0 0
   T
 U Kl  1  0  hU K l  K U  SU (  )Kt  K   S X (  )Kt 0  hU K  K U  LTU (  )Kt
l
0 0 hX0 K  LTU (  )Kt 

l

0 0 hX K 
l
0 0 hYK   U (  )Kt 
l 
0 0 0 
E  h K   TX (  )Kt  h K T
 S X (  )Kt  K   SU (  )Kt 
l l 
0 E 0 

 hU K  K U  hU K  K U   UT (  )Kt E U  hU K T
 K U  SU (  )Kt  K   SU (  )Kt 
l l l 
(4.144)
 x0 K l   hX0 K  L(  )Kt  x00  0 , x0 ( t 1 )  ?,
   l  (4.145)
 X K l   hX K  U K  X K  ?,K , 0
 Y  
l
 (4.146)
hYK   (  )Kt Y00  Y ( t 0 )  0 ,Y ( t 1 )  d ,
 Kl   l  (4.147)
   0 Kl    0 ,  0  0 ( t0 )  ?
0
   T  (4.148)
  Kl  
 h K  S X (  )Kt  K   S(  )Kt  0  ?
l 0
(4.149)
  Kl   0  0   ( t 0 )  ?
0
   T 
 (4.150)
 U K 1    hU K l  K U  SU (  )Kt  K   SU (  )Kt  U K  ?,K , 0
X K  1 ( t )  X K ( t )   X K l , (4.151)
l
U K  1 ( t )  U K ( t )   U K l , (4.152)
l
áñï»Õ h x0 K  0 -Ý, hX K  0 -Ý, hY K  0 -Ý, h K  0 -Ý, hU K  0 -Ý

l l l l l
³ÝÑ³í³ë³ñ³ã³÷ ó³Ýó»ñÇ ù³ÛÉ»ñÝ »Ý Áëï x 0 ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÇ, Áëï X K
- 153 -
³×»ñÇ, Áëï YK Éñ³óáõóÇã ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ, Áëï K Ñ³Ù³ÉáõÍ
÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ, Áëï U K ³×»ñÇ, ÇëÏ E X -Á, EY -Á, E -Ý, E  -Ý, E U -Ýª

Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý³µ³ñ n, q, n, q, n Ï³ñ·³ÝÇ ÙÇ³íáñ Ù³ïñÇóÝ»ñ »Ý:
ü³½³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï³·ÍÇ ÁÝÃ³óÇÏ Ï»ïÇ ÃáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇ ïÇñáõÛÃÇ Ý»ñëáõÙ Ï³Ù
Ýñ³ ë³ÑÙ³ÝÇ íñ³ ï»Õ³µ³ßËí»Éáõ ¹»åùáõÙ ³Ûë Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÁ ÏÏñ»Ý
Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ:
¸ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ 1: ì³ñÇ³óÇáÝ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ Ù³Ã»Ù³ïÇÏ³Ï³Ý Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÁ,
áñå»ë Ï³ÝáÝ, å³ñáõÝ³ÏáõÙ »Ý Ý³¨ »½ñ³ÛÇÝ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñ, áñáÝóáõÙ ïñíáõÙ
»Ý ¹ÇÝ³ÙÇÏ ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÝ»ñÇ ëÏÇ½µÁ ¨ í»ñçÁ: ²Û¹ ß³ñÅáõÙÝ ³é³í»É
ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ ¹»åùáõÙ ëÏëíáõÙ ¿ ( n   ) - ã³÷³ÝÇ ß³ñÅáõÝ áÕáñÏ M t0
µ³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÇóª Ó³Ë »½ñáõÙ ¨ í»ñç³ÝáõÙ ¿ ( n   ) -ã³÷³ÝÇ ß³ñÅáõÝ
áÕáñÏ M T µ³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³ª ³ç »½ñáõÙ, ÁÝ¹ áñáõÙ   n ,   n :

²Ûëï»Õ ¹Çï³ñÏí³Í Ù³Ã»Ù³ïÇÏ³Ï³Ý Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñáõÙ Áëï ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý
X ( t ) ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ »½ñ³ÛÇÝ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ ïñí³Í ã¿ÇÝ (ÝÏ³ï»Ýù, áñ
U ( t 0 ) í»ÏïáñÇ ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³ÝÙÇç³Ï³Ýáñ»Ý Ï³Ëí³Í ¿ Ñ³Ù³ÉáõÍ
÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ ëÏ½µÝ³Ï³Ý ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÇ  ( t 0 ) í»ÏïáñÇ ÁÝïñáõÃáõÝÇó
Ï³Ù ¿É áñáß»Éáõó): ¸³ Ï³åí³Í ¿ ³ÛÝ µ³ÝÇ Ñ»ï, áñ M t0 ¨ M T µ³½Ù³Ï»ñ-
åáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÏáÝÏñ»ï³óáõÙÁ Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ ¹»åùáõÙ ÍÝáõÙ ¿ Ñ³Ù³å³-

ï³ëË³Ý »½ñ³ÛÇÝ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáí ½³Ý³½³Ý ¹³ë»ñÇ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñ (»½ñ³ÛÇÝ
å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ³é³í»É ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÇ Ï³éáõóÙ³ÝÁ í»ñ³µ»ñáÕ
Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ»ñÁ ¹Çï³ñÏí³Í »Ý 4.5 µ³ÅÝáõÙ):
¸ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ 2: ²ÛÉ ï»ë³Ï í³ñÇ³óÇáÝ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ ß³ñÅÙ³Ý
Ñ»ï³·Í»ñÇ ¨ »½ñ³ÛÇÝ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ù³Ã»Ù³ïÇÏ³Ï³Ý Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÇ Ï³éáõóÙ³Ý
³Ûëï»Õ ¹Çï³ñÏí³Í ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ ëÏ½µáõÝùÝ»ñÁ, µÝ³Ï³Ý³µ³ñ, ÏÙÝ³Ý áõÅÇ
Ù»ç Ýñ³ÝóáõÙ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï³µ³ñ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óí»ÉÇù ÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝ»ñÇ
×ßïáõÃÛ³Ùµ:
- 154 -
4.4. úåïÇÙ³É Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñ
4.4.1. úåïÇÙ³É Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý ÙÇ³ã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ
ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñ
´³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ ¹»åùáõÙ ûåïÇÙ³É Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý áã

·Í³ÛÇÝ áã ³íïáÝáÙ ËÝ¹ÇñÁ Ó¨³Ï»ñåíáõÙ ¿ Ñ»ï¨Û³É Ï»ñå [4, 82, 100, 105].
áñáß»É U ( t ) í»Ïïáñ-ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý ³ÛÝå»ë, áñå»ë½Ç
t1
o
I f ( X ( t ),U ( t ), t )dt (4.153)
t0
ÇÝï»·ñ³É³ÛÇÝ áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÁ Ñ³ëÝÇ Çñ Ýí³½³·áõÛÝ ³ñÅ»ùÇÝ

X ( t )  f ( X ( t ), U ( t ), t ) (4.154)
¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñáí ÝÏ³ñ³·ñíáÕ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç ß³ñÅÙ³Ý
Ñ»ï³·Í»ñÇ íñ³
( X ( t 0 ), t 0 )  M t0 , (4.155)
( X ( T ),T )  M T (4.156)
»½ñ³ÛÇÝ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ ¨
G 1 (  ) : C 1 ( U ( t ), t )  0 (4.157)
Ï³Ù
G 2 (  ) : C 2 ( X ( t ), U ( t ), t )  0 (4.158)
Ï³Ù
G3 (  ) : C 3 ( X ( t ), t )  0 (4.159)
ïñí³Í ÷³Ï ïÇñáõÛÃÝ»ñÇ ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ (³Ûëï»Õ f 0() -Ý ëÏ³ÉÛ³ñ áñ³ÏÇ

T
ã³÷³ÝÇßÇ ÙÇçáõÏÝ ¿, X ( t )   x 1 ( t ),..., x n ( t ) -Áª íÇ×³ÏÇ ÷á÷áË³Ï³Ý-
T
Ý»ñÇ n ã³÷³ÝÇ í»ÏïáñÁ; U ( t )  u1 ( t ),..., ur ( t ) -Áª Õ»Ï³í³ñáÕ ³½¹»óáõ-
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ r ã³÷³ÝÇ í»ÏïáñÁ (r  n), f()=(f1(),...,fn())T -Áª Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç
ß³ñÅÙ³Ý ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ³ç Ù³ë»ñÇ n ã³÷³ÝÇ áã ·Í³ÛÇÝ
ûå»ñ³ïáñÁ, ( (X(t0),t0) -Ý ¨ (X(T),T) -Ýª Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý³µ³ñ Ó³Ë M t ¨
0
- 155 -
³ç M T µ³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ å³ïÏ³ÝáÕ Ó³Ë³ÏáÕÙÛ³Ý ¨ ³ç³ÏáÕÙÛ³Ý
»½ñ³ÛÇÝ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ, G1() -Á, G2() -Á ¨ G3() -Áª Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý³µ³ñ
C1()=(c11(),...,c1m())T, C2()=(c21(),...,c2m())T ¨ C3()=(c31(),...,c3m())T m
ã³÷³ÝÇ í»ÏïáñÝ»ñáí áñáßíáÕ ãÏ³åí³Í, Ï³åí³Í ¨ ãÏ³åí³Í ÃáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇ
ïÇñáõÛÃÝ»ñÁ, ÁÝ¹ áñáõÙ t0-Ý Ù³ïÝ³ÝßáõÙ ¿ ³ÝóáõÙ³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÇ ëÏÇ½µÁ,
ÇëÏ T -Ýª í»ñçÁ:
ÊÝ¹ñá ³é³ñÏ³ µÝ³·³í³éÇ µ³½Ù³ÃÇí ³ßË³ï³ÝùÝ»ñÇ,
Ù³ëÝ³íáñ³å»ë [24, 79], í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ óáõÛó ¿ ï³ÉÇë, áñ ½³Ý³½³Ý
Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÇ ·»ñ³ÏßÇé Ù»Í³Ù³ëÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ É³ÛÝáñ»Ý »Ý û·ï³·áñÍíáõÙ
äáÝïñÛ³·ÇÝÇ Ù³ùëÇÙáõÙÇ ëÏ½µáõÝùÇ íñ³ ÑÇÙÝí³Í ³é³ÝÓÇÝ ýáñÙ³ÉÇ½ÙÝ»ñ,
áñáÝù ûÅïí³Í »Ý Ñ½áñ Ù»Ãá¹áÉá·Ç³Ï³Ý µ³½³Ûáí, ÇÝãÁ å³ÛÙ³Ý³íáñáõÙ ¿
Çñ³ñÇó Áëï ¿áõÃÛ³Ý µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ ï³ñµ»ñ ûåïÇÙ³É Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý
½³Ý³½³Ý ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ÙÇ³ëÝ³Ï³Ý Ùáï»óáõÙÁ:
Ü»ñÏ³Û³óí³Í »ñ»ù ¹³ë»ñÇ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ ((4.153)-(4.157); (4.153)-(4.156),
(4.158) ¨ (4.153)-(4.156), (4.159)) Ñ³Ù³ñ Ýß»Ýù Ýñ³Ýó Ñ³Ù³ñ ëï³óíáÕ
ûåïÇÙ³É Ñ»ï³·Í»ñÇ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý µÝáõÃ³·ñ»ñÁ:
³) (4.153)- (4.157) ËÝ¹ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ï»ÕÇ áõÝÇ ¹³ë³Ï³Ý Ù³ùëÇÙáõÙÇ
ëÏ½µáõÝùÁ: ²Û¹ ¹»åùáõÙ íÇ×³ÏÇ ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ ûåïÇÙ³É Ñ»ï³·Í»ñÁ
µ³ÕÏ³ó³Í »Ý ³é³ÝÓÇÝ Ñ³ïí³ÍÝ»ñÇó, áñáÝù å³ïÏ³ÝáõÙ »Ý ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý
÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç
ÇÝï»·ñ³É³ÛÇÝ Ïáñ»ñÇ ï³ñµ»ñ ÁÝï³ÝÇùÝ»ñÇ: ²Û¹ Ñ³ïí³ÍÝ»ñÇ ÙÇ Ù³ëÁ
Ï³ñáÕ ¿ ÁÝÏÝ»É ÃáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇ ïÇñáõÛÃÇ ë³ÑÙ³ÝÇ íñ³, ÇëÏ ÙÛáõë Ù³ëÁª
ïÇñáõÛÃÇ Ý»ñëáõÙ: ÎóÙ³Ý Ï»ï»ñáõÙ ûåïÇÙ³É Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý
Ï³ñáÕ ¿ ÉÇÝ»É ÇÝãå»ë Ë½íáÕ, ³ÛÝå»ë ¿Éª ãË½íáÕ: Ê½íáÕ Ï³é³í³ñáÕ
³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ §³ÝÏÛáõÝ³ÛÇÝ¦ Ï»ï»ñáõÙ ý³½³ÛÇÝ ÷á÷áË³Ï³Ý-
Ý»ñÇ ÙÇ Ù³ëÁ Ï³ñáÕ ¿ áõÝ»Ý³É Áëï Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÇ ³é³çÇÝ Ï³ñ·Ç Ë½íáÕ
³Í³ÝóÛ³ÉÝ»ñ: §²ÝÏÛáõÝ³ÛÇÝ¦ Ï³ñáÕ ¿ ÉÇÝ»É t 0 , T  Ñ³ïí³ÍÇ ó³ÝÏ³ó³Í
Ï»ï, ë³Ï³ÛÝ ³é³í»É Ñ³í³Ý³Ï³Ý ¿, áñ áñå»ë ³Û¹åÇëÇ Ï»ï»ñ ÏÉÇÝ»Ý Ñ»Ýó
- 156 -
ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ ³é³ÝÓÇÝ ÏïáñÝ»ñÇ ÏóÙ³Ý Ï»ï»ñÁ, ù³Ý Ã» G1() ÃáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇ
ïÇñáõÛÃÇ Ý»ñëáõÙ ÁÝÏ³Í Ï»ï»ñÁ: ÎóÙ³Ý Ï»ï»ñáõÙ ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï Ï³é³í³ñáÕ
³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¹»åù»ñáõÙ Ñ³Ù³ÉáõÍ ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÁ, Ñ³ÙÇÉïáÝÛ³ÝÁ ¨
Ýñ³ Áëï Ï³é³í³ñáÕ ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ é»·áõÉÛ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³é³çÇÝ Ï³ñ·Ç
å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÝ ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï »Ý Áëï Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÇ:
µ) (4.153)-(4.156), (4.158) ËÝ¹ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ï»ÕÇ áõÝÇ Ù³ùëÇÙáõÙÇ
§ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³Ï¦ ëÏ½µáõÝùÁ: ²Û¹ ¹»åùáõÙ, ûåïÇÙ³É ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï³·Í»ñÁ,
ÇÝãå»ë Ý³Ëáñ¹áõÙ, Ï³ñáÕ »Ý µ³ÕÏ³ó³Í ÉÇÝ»É ³ÛÝåÇëÇ Ñ³ïí³ÍÝ»ñÇó,
áñáÝó ÙÇ Ù³ëÁ Ï³ñáÕ ¿ ÁÝÏ³Í ÉÇÝ»É ÃáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇ G2() ïÇñáõÛÃÇ ë³ÑÙ³ÝÇ
íñ³, ÇëÏ ÙÛáõë Ù³ëÁª Ýñ³ Ý»ñëáõÙ: ²Û¹ ÏïáñÝ»ñÁ å»ïù ¿ Ïóí»Ý ³ÛÝå»ë,
áñå»ë½Ç ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»Ý³Ý Ù³ùëÇÙáõÙÇ ëÏ½µáõÝùÇ µáÉáñ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï
å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ: ´³óÇ ³Û¹, ûåïÇÙ³É Ñ»ï³·Í»ñÇ Çñ³ñ ÏóíáÕ ³Û¹åÇëÇ
ó³ÝÏ³ó³Í ½áõÛ· ÙÇ³Å³Ù³Ý³Ï å»ïù ¿ µ³í³ñ³ñÇ ÉÍáñ¹Ù³Ý (ÃéÇãùÇ)
å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇÝ: Îóáñ¹Ù³Ý Ï»ï»ñÁ Ï³ñáÕ »Ý §³ÝÏÛáõÝ³ÛÇÝ¦ ÉÇÝ»É, áñáÝóáõÙ
Ï³ñáÕ ¿ Ë³Ëïí»É ûåïÇÙ³É Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇ ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ïáõÃÛáõÝÁ:
·) (4.153)-(4.156), (4.159) ËÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ëáíáñ³µ³ñ û·ïíáõÙ
»Ý, ³Ûëå»ë Ïáãí³Í, é»¹áõóí³Í ý³½³ÛÇÝ ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»Ãá¹Çó, áñÇ ¹»å-
ùáõÙ ëÏ½µáõÙ ÃáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇ G3() ïÇñáõÛÃÁ Ñ³Ý·»óÝáõÙ »Ý Ï³åí³Í G2()
ï»ëùÇ ÃáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇ ïÇñáõÛÃÇª
( q1 )
G 3 (  ) : C 3( q ) ( X ( t ),U ( t ), t )  ( c 31 ( X ( t ), U ( t ), t ),..., c 3( qmm ) ( X ( t ), U ( t ), t ))T  0 , (4.160)
ÇëÏ ³ÛÝáõÑ»ï¨, (4.153)-(4.156), (4.159) ¨ (4.153)-(4.156), (4.160) ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ

Ñ³Ù³ñÅ»ùáõÃÛ³Ý å³ï×³éáí ÏÇñ³éáõÙ »Ý Ù³ùëÇÙáõÙÇ í»ñÁ Ýßí³Í
(q )
§ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³Ï¦ ëÏ½µáõÝùÁ: ÜÏ³ï»Ýù, áñ (4.160)-áõÙ c 3 j j ( X ( t ),U ( t ), t ) -
Ý, ³Ûëå»ë Ïáãí³Í, qj - ñ¹ Ï³ñ·Ç (c3j(X(t),t)=0 ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³-
ñ³ñ qj -ñ¹ (qjn) Ï³ñ·Ç) ÉñÇí ³Í³ÝóÛ³ÉÝ ¿, áñáõÙ, ³Í³ÝóÙ³Ý, ÇëÏ ³ÛÝáõ-
Ñ»ï¨ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï,
³é³çÇÝ ³Ý·³Ù Ñ³ÛïÝíáõÙ ¿ Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý U(t) í»ÏïáñÇ µ³Õ³¹ñÇãÝ»ñÇó
- 157 -
Ù»ÏÁ: ²Û¹ ¹»åùáõÙ ûåïÇÙ³É ý³½³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï³·Í»ñÁ, ÇÝãå»ë G 3 (  ) ïÇñáõÛÃÇ
ë³ÑÙ³ÝÇ íñ³ ÁÝÏÝ»ÉÇë, ³ÛÝå»ë ¿É Ýñ³ÝÇó ÇçÝ»ÉÇë µ³í³ñ³ñáõÙ »Ý

§ßáß³÷áÕ¦ ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·ÇÝª
N 3 j ( X ( t ), t )  (c 3 j ( X ( t ), t ), c 3(1j) ( X ( t ), t ),..., c 3( qj1 ) ( X ( t ), t ))T 
 0, j  1, m :
´³óÇ ³Û¹, ÇÝãå»ë ¨ G 1 (  ) ÃáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇ ïÇñáõÛÃáí ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ,
G 3 (  ) ÃáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇ ïÇñáõÛÃÇ ë³ÑÙ³ÝÇ íñ³ ÁÝÏÝ»Éáõ, ÇÝãå»ë Ý³¨ Ýñ³ÝÇó

ÇçÝ»Éáõ ûåïÇÙ³É Ñ»ï³·Í»ñÇ Ï»ï»ñÁ Ï³ñáÕ »Ý §³ÝÏÛáõÝ³ÛÇÝ¦ ÉÇÝ»É,
áñáÝóáõÙ Ï³ñáÕ ¿ Ë³Ëïí»É Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý í»ÏïáñÇ ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ïáõÃÛáõÝÁ:
Ð³Ù³ÉáõÍ ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÁ ¨ Ñ³ÙÇÉïáÝÛ³ÝÁ ëáíáñ³µ³ñ Áëï Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÇ
Ë½íáõÙ »Ý G 3 (  ) ïÇñáõÛÃÇ íñ³ ûåïÇÙ³É Ñ»ï³·Í»ñÇ ÁÝÏÝ»Éáõ ¹»åù»ñáõÙ:
ÂáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇ ïÇñáõÛÃÇ ë³ÑÙ³ÝÇ íñ³ Ñ³Ù³ÉáõÍ ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÁ »ñµ»ÙÝ

Ï³ñáÕ »Ý áñáßí³Í ÉÇÝ»É áã ÙÇ³ñÅ»ùáñ»Ý:
²Ûëï»Õ ÝÏ³ï»Ýù Ý³¨, áñ »ññáñ¹ ¹³ëÇ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÁ Ï³ñáÕ »Ý ÉáõÍí»É
Ý³¨ ³ÝÙÇç³Ï³Ýáñ»Ý, ³é³Ýó é»¹áõóí³Í ý³½³ÛÇÝ ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»Ãá¹Ç
û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý, Ï³Ù, ³í»ÉÇ å³ñ½, (4.160)-Ç ÷áË³ñ»Ý Ñ»Ýó ÇÝùÁ` (4.159)-Á
û·ï³·áñÍ»Éáí (Ù³ëÝ³íáñ³å»ë, ï»’ë ³Ûë µ³ÅÝáõÙ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óí³Í ËÝ¹ÇñÁ):
²ÛÅÙ ³ÝóÝ»Ýù ÙÇ³ã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ ûåïÇÙ³É Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ
ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ëáõµ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÇ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óÙ³ÝÁ, ³Û¹ ¹»åùáõÙ ÝÏ³ïÇ
³éÝ»Éáí, áñ (4.153)-(4.156), (4.158) ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí ÝÏ³ñ³·ñíáÕ ³é³í»É
ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ (»ñÏñáñ¹ ¹³ëÇ) ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÁ, áñå»ë Ù³ëÝ³íáñ ¹»åù»ñ, ÁÝ¹·ñÏáõÙ
»Ý (4.153)-(4.157) ¨ (4.153)-(4.156), (4.159) ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí ÝÏ³ñ³·ñíáÕ
ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÁ (³é³çÇÝ ¨ »ññáñ¹ ¹³ëÇ):
(4.153)-(4.156), (4.160) ËÝ¹ñÇ Ñ³ÙÇÉïáÝÛ³ÝÝ áõÝÇ ³ÛëåÇëÇ ï»ëù`
H  L(  )  0 ( t )  f T (  )   ( t )  1  n1 ( t )  S T (  )  ( t )  max : (4.161)

U ( t )G2 (  )
- 158 -
Ð»ï¨³µ³ñ ¾ÛÉ»ñ-È³·ñ³ÝÅÇ Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Á ÏÝ»ñÏ³Û³óíÇ
Ñ»ï¨Û³É Ï»ñå`
x 0 ( t )  H 0  L(), x 0 ( t 0 )  0, x 0 ( t 1 )  ?, (4.162)
X ( t )  H  f (), (4.163)
x n 1 ( t )  H  n 1  1, x n1 ( t 0 )  t 0 , x n 1 ( t 1 )  t 1 , (4.164)
 0 ( t )  H x  0,  0 ( t 0 )   0 ( t 1 )  const  ?,
0
(4.165)
 ( t )  H  L ()  ( t )  f T ()  ( t )  S T ()   ( t ),

 (4.166)
X X 0 X X
 n1 (t )  H x n 1
 Lxn1 ()  0 (t )  f xTn1 ()  (t )  S Txn1 ()  (t ), (4.167)
0  H U  LU ()  0 ( t )  f UT ()  ( t )  S UT ()   ( t ), (4.168)
0  H   S () : (4.169)
(4.162)-(4.169) ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ²²ê¶¸ìØ-Ý áõÝÇ

³ÛëåÇëÇ ï»ëù`
x 0 ( t )  L(), x 0 ( t 0 )  0, x 0 ( t 1 )  ?, (4.170)
X ( t )  f (), (4.171)
x n1 ( t )  1, x n1 ( t 0 )  t 0 , x n1 ( t 1 )  t 1 , (4.172)
 0 ( t )  0,  0 ( t 0 )   0 ( t 1 )  const  ?, (4.173)
 ( t )  LX ()  0 ( t )  f XT ()  ( t )  S TX ()   ( t ), (4.174)
 n1 (t )  Lx ()  0 (t )  f xT ()  (t )  S Tx ()  (t ),

n 1 n 1 n 1 (4.175)
U ( t )   K U  (LU ()  0 ( t )  f UT ()  ( t )  S UT ()   ( t )),

(4.176)
 ( t )  K   S (),
(4.177)
- 159 -
áñï»Õª K U  diag ( k u1 ,..., k ur ) -Á ¨ K   diag ( k 1 ,..., k m ) –Á Ñ³Ù³-
å³ï³ëË³Ý³µ³ñ r ¨ m Ï³ñ·³ÝÇ µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ Ù»Í ï³ññ»ñáí ³ÝÏÛáõ-
Ý³·Í³ÛÇÝ Ù³ïñÇóÝ»ñ »Ý, áñáÝù Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÇ ó³ÝÏ³ó³Í t  t0 , t 1   å³ÑÇÝ
³å³ÑáíáõÙ »Ý (4.168) ¨ (4.169) ÑáÉáÝáÙ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»Ý³ÉÁ:

²²ê¶¸ìø¶Ø-Á ÝÏ³ñ³·ñíáõÙ ¿ ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ-
·áíª
x 0 ( t )  L(  )Kt  LTX (  )K  X K ( t )  LTU (  )K  U K ( t ) 

(4.178)
 LTxn  1 (  )K  x n  1 ( t ), x 0 ( t 0 )  0 , x 0 ( t 1 )  ?,
X K ( t )  f (  )K  f XT (  )K  X K ( t )  f UT (  )K  U K ( t ) 
 f xTn  1 (  )K  x n  1 ( t ), X K ( t 0 )  ?, K ,
(4.179)
x n  1 ( t )  1 , x n  1 ( t 0 )  t 0 , x n 1 ( t 1 )  t 1 , x n 1 K ( t 0 )  ?, K ,
(4.180)
 0 ( t )  0 ,  0 ( t 0 )   0 ( t 1 )  const  ?, (4.181)
 K ( t )  L X (  )K  0 ( t )  f XT (  )K  K ( t )  S TX (  )K   K ( t ), (4.182)
 n1 ( t )  Lx (  )K  0 ( t )  f xT (  )K  K ( t )  S Tx (  )K   K ( t ),
n 1 n 1 n 1 (4.183)
U K ( t )   K U  ( LU (  )K   0 ( t )  f UT (  )K  K ( t ) 
 S UT (  )K   K ( t )), U K ( t 0 )  ?, K , (4.184)
 K ( t )  K   ( S (  )K  S X (  )K  X K ( t )  S U (  )K  U K ( t ) 
 S xn  1 (  )K  x n  1 ( t )),
K (4.185)
X K  1 ( t )  X K  X *K ( t ) , (4.186)
x n 1 ( t )  x n 1  x *n 1 (t )
K 1 K K 1 , (4.187)
U K  1 ( t )  U K  U *K ( t ) : (4.188)
- 160 -
ºí, í»ñç³å»ë, ²ìîÐ-Á Ñ»ï¨Û³ÉÝ ¿ª
 x0 K l  1  1 hx0 K  LTX (  )K hx0 K  LTxn  1 (  )K

   l l
 X K l  1  0 EX  hx K  f XT (  )K hxK  f xTn  1 (  )K

l l
 x  0 0 1
n 1 K l  1
  
  0 K l  1   0 0 0
  0 T T
 K l  1    h K  SX (  )K  K  SX (  )K
l
 h K  SX (  )K  K  Sxn  1 (  )K
l
T
  n1 K  0  h n  1  Sx (  )K  K  SX (  )K
l 1 Kl n 1
 h n 1
Kl
 STxn  1 (  )K  K  Sxn 1 (  )K
   T T
 UK l  1  0  hU K l  KU  SU (  )K  K  SX (  )K  hU K l  KU  SU (  )K  K  Sxn  1 (  )K
0 0 0 hx0 K  LTU (  )K 
l
T 
0 0 0 hX K  f (  )K
U 
l
0 0 0 0 

1 0 0 0 
 h K  LTX (  )K E  h K  f XT (  )K 0  h K  STX (  )K  K   SU (  )K 
l l l 
 h n  1 l  LTxn  1 (  )K  h n  1 l  f xTn  1 (  )K 1  hxn  1 K l  STxn  1 (  )K  K  SU (  )K 
K K
T T 
 hU K  KU  LU (  )K  hU K  KU  f (  )K 0 EU  hU K  KU  SU (  )K  K   SU (  )K 
l l
u l 
 x0 Kl   h x0 K  L(  )Kt  x 00  0 , x 0 ( t 1 )  ?, (4.189)
   l 
 X K l   h X K l  f (  ) K  X K 0  ?, K , (4.190)
x   0  x n  1  t 0 , x n  1 ( t 1 )  t 1 ,(4.191)
 n 1 K l    00
   0Kl  0 ,  0   0 ( t 0 )  1
0
(4.192)
   T
 h K  S X (  )K  K   S (  )K

  Kl   l  (4.193)
 n  1 K l    h n  1 K  S Txn  1 (  )K  K   S (  )K   n 1  ? (4.194)
  
l 00

  hU  K U  S UT (  )K  K   S (  )K  U K  ?, K ,
 U K 1   Kl  0
(4.195)
X K  1 ( t )  X K ( t )   X K l , (4.196)
l
x n 1 ( t )  x n  1 ( t )   x n  1 K , (4.197)
K 1 K l
l
U K  1 ( t )  U K ( t )   U K l , (4.198)
l
- 161 -
áñï»Õ hx0 K  0 -Ý, hX K  0 -Ý, hxn 1 K  0 -Ý, h K  0 -Ý, h n 1  0 -Ý,
l l l l Kl
hU K  0 -Ý ³ÝÑ³í³ë³ñ³ã³÷ ó³Ýó»ñÇ ù³ÛÉ»ñÝ »Ý Áëï x 0 ÷á÷áË³Ï³-

l
ÝÇ, Áëï X K ³×»ñÇ, Áëï x n 1 Éñ³óáõóÇã ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÇ, Áëï  K Ñ³Ù³ÉáõÍ

÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ, Áëï Éñ³óáõóÇã  n 1 ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÇ ¨ Áëï U K ³×»ñÇ,
ÇëÏ E X -Á, E -Ý ¨ E U -Ýª Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý³µ³ñ n, n, ¨ r Ï³ñ·³ÝÇ
ÙÇ³íáñ Ù³ïñÇóÝ»ñ »Ý:

ü³½³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï³·ÍÇ ÁÝÃ³óÇÏ Ï»ïÁ ÃáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇ ïÇñáõÛÃÇ Ý»ñëáõÙ Ï³Ù
¿É Ýñ³ ÇÝã-áñ ã³÷³ÛÝáõÃÛ³Ùµ ÏáÕÇ íñ³ ï»Õ³µ³ßËí³Í ÉÇÝ»Éáõ ¹»åùáõÙ
(4.170)-(4.177), (4.178)-(4.188) ¨ (4.189)-(4.198) Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÁ ÏÏñ»Ý Ñ³Ù³-
å³ï³ëË³Ý ÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ, áñáÝó Çñ³Ï³Ý³óáõÙÁ áñ¨¿ ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝ ãÇ
Ý»ñÏ³Û³óÝÇ: ÆÝã í»ñ³µ»ñáõÙ ¿ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý »½ñ³ÛÇÝ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ
Ñ³ßí³éÙ³ÝÁ áõ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ¨ Ñ³Ù³ÉáõÍ ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ ëÏ½µÝ³Ï³Ý áõ
í»ñçÝ³Ï³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ÁÝïñáõÃÛ³ÝÁ Ï³Ù Ñ³ßí³ñÏÇÝ, ³å³ ³Û¹
Ýå³ï³Ïáí Ï³ñáÕ »Ý û·ï³·áñÍí»É ý³½³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï³·Í»ñÇ Ó³Ë ¨ ³ç
Í³Ûñ³Ï»ï»ñáõÙ, ³Ûëå»ë Ïáãí³Í, ïñ³Ýëí»ñë³ÉáõÃÛ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇó ë»ñíáÕ
³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·»ñÁ (ï»’ë 4.4.2 µ³ÅÇÝÁ):
úñÇÝ³Ï: ¸Çï³ñÏ»Ýù ûåïÇÙ³É Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý Ñ»ï¨Û³É ËÝ¹ÇñÁ [24]ª

1
I  0 ,5   u 2 ( t )  dt  min ,
u( t )
0
 x 1 ( t )  x 2 ( t ), x 1 ( 0 )  0 , x 1 ( 1 )  0 ,

 x 2 ( t )  u( t ), x 2 ( 0 )  1 , x 1 ( 1 )  1 ,
x 1 ( t )  l , ³) l  0 ,25 ; µ) l  0 ,2 ; ·)l  1 :
12
- 162 -
ÈáõÍáõÙ: ²ÝÙÇç³Ï³Ýáñ»Ý û·ï³·áñÍ»Éáí ý³½³ÛÇÝ ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÁª
(4.170)-(4.177) ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï Ùá¹»ÉÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý áõÝ»Ýùª
x 0 ( t )  0 ,5  u 2 ( t ), x 0 ( 0 )  0 , x 0 ( 1 )  ?,
x 1 ( t )  x 2 ( t ), x 1 ( 0 )  0 , x 1 ( 1 )  0 ,
x 2 ( t )  u( t ), x 2 ( 0 )  1 , x 2 ( 1 )  1 ,
 1 ( t )   K   S x  ( x 1 ( t )  l )  sign( x 1 ( t )  l )  1,  1 ( 0 )  ?,
1
 2 ( t )   1 ( t ),  2 ( 0 )  ?,
U ( t )   K U  ( u( t )   2 ( t )), u( 0 )  ?,
áñï»Õª
 2 , »Ã» x 1 ( t )  l  0 ,

S x 1   1 , »Ã» x 1 ( t )  l  0 ,
0 , »Ã» x ( t )  l  0 :
 1
ÊÝ¹ñÇ »ñ»ù ³é³ÝÓÇÝ ï³ñµ»ñ³ÏÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÁª Ï³Ëí³Í
ý³½³ÛÇÝ ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏÙ³Ý ³ÙåÉÇïáõ¹Ç Ù»ÍáõÃÛáõÝÇó, Ý»ñÏ³Û³óí³Í »Ý
³ÕÛ. 4.5-áõÙ, ³ÕÛ. 4.6-áõÙ ¨ ³ÕÛ. 4.7-áõÙ, ÇÝãå»ë Ý³¨ å³ïÏ»ñí³Í »Ý ÝÏ. 4.5-
áõÙ, ÝÏ. 4.6-áõÙ ¨ ÝÏ. 4.7-áõÙ:
²é³çÇÝ ï³ñµ»ñ³ÏÇ ¹»åùáõÙ ý³½³ÛÇÝ ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÁ áñ¨¿ ¹»ñ ãÇ
Ë³ÕáõÙ, ù³ÝÇ áñ ý³½³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï³·ÇÍÝ ³ÙµáÕçáõÃÛ³Ùµ ï»Õ³µ³ßËíáõÙ ¿
ÃáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇ ïÇñáõÛÃÇ ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ: ²Û¹ ¹»åùáõÙ Ã»’ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ¨ Ã»’
Ñ³Ù³ÉáõÍ ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÝ ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï »Ý, ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï (Ñ³ëï³ïáõÝ) ¿ Ý³¨
ûåïÇÙ³É Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý:
- 163 -
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 4.5 l=0.25; ku=103; kμ=102; H=510-4
T x0 x1 x2 ψ1 ψ2 u
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 0.0000 2.0000 -2.0000
0.1000 0.2100 0.0940 0.7900 0.0000 2.0000 -2.0000
0.2000 0.4100 0.1600 0.5900 0.0000 2.0000 -2.0000
0.3000 0.6100 0.2120 0.3900 0.0000 2.0000 -2.0000
0.4000 0.8100 0.2410 0.1900 0.0000 2.0000 -2.0000
0.5000 1.0100 0.2500 -0.0000 -0.0000 2.0000 -2.0000
0.6000 1.2099 0.2390 -0.2100 -0.0000 2.0000 -2.0000
0.7000 1.4099 0.2080 -0.4100 -0.0000 2.0000 -2.0000
0.8000 1.6099 0.1570 -0.6100 -0.0000 2.0000 -2.0000
0.9000 1.8099 0.0860 -0.8099 -0.0000 2.0000 -2.0000
1.0000 2.0000 0.0000 -1.0000 -0.0000 2.0000 -2.0000
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 4.6 l=0.2; ku=9106; kμ=4104; H=510-5

T x0 x1 x2 ψ1 ψ2 u
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 4.8000 3.2000 -3.2000
0.1009 0.4427 0.0855 0.7012 4.8000 2.7150 -2.7150
0.2019 0.7525 0.1433 0.4515 4.8000 2.2300 -2.2230
0.3029 0.9530 0.1783 0.2507 4.8000 1.4751 -1.7451
0.4039 1.0681 0.1956 0.0989 4.8000 1.2604 -1.2604
0.5049 1.1216 0.2000 -0.0000 -4.7999 0.8472 -0.8472
0.6009 1.1757 0.1951 -0.1051 -4.7999 1.2835 -1.2835
0.7019 1.2942 0.1771 -0.2592 -4.7999 1.7682 -1.7682
0.8029 1.4993 0.1411 -0.4622 -4.7999 2.2531 -2.2531
0.9039 1.8148 0.0821 -0.7143 -4.7999 2.7381 -2.7381
1.0000 2.2383 0.0002 -1.0000 -4.7999 3.1999 -3.1999
- 164 -
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 4.7 l=1/12; ku =1.51010; kμ=4.4104; H=4.510-5
T x0 x1 x2 ψ1 ψ2 u
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 32.0000 8.0000 -8.0000
0.1124 2.2595 0.0694 0.3023 32.0000 5.3998 -4.4006
0.2249 2.6653 0.0832 0.0097 32.0000 1.7997 -0.8004
0.2474 2.6680 0.0833 -0.0003 -31.9932 0.2079 -0.2071
0.3374 2.6681 0.0833 -0.0003 -31.9932 -13.1261 0.0000
0.4499 2.6681 0.0833 -0.0003 -31.9932 -9.5283 0.0000
0.5624 2.6681 0.0833 -0.0003 -31.9932 -5.9313 0.0000
0.6749 2.6681 0.0833 -0.0003 -31.9932 -2.3345 0.0000
0.7424 2.6681 0.0833 -0.0003 -31.9932 -0.1763 0.0000
0.7874 2.6780 0.0829 -0.0252 -31.9932 1.2632 -1.2624
1.0000 5.3000 0.0005 -1.0007 -31.9932 8.0021 -8.0020
3
ψ2(t)
2
x2(t)
1 x1(t)
0
0 ψ1(t) 0.5 1 t
-1
uopt(t)
-2
-3
ÜÏ. 4.5
5
4
3
ψ2(t)
2
x2(t)
1 x1(t)
0
-1 0 0.5 1 t
-2 uopt(t)
-3
-4 ψ1(t)
-5
ÜÏ. 4.6
- 165 -
16
ψ1(t) uopt(t)
32
12
8 ψ2(t) ψ2(t)
4
1 x1(t)
0
-4 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 x2(t) 1 t
uopt(t) uopt(t)
-8
-12
-32
-16
ψ1(t)
ÜÏ. 4.7
ºñÏñáñ¹ ï³ñµ»ñ³ÏÇ ¹»åùáõÙ ý³½³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï³·ÇÍÁ ý³½³ÛÇÝ

ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏÙ³ÝÝ ¿ Ñ³ëÝáõÙ Ù»Ï »½³ÏÇ Ï»ïáõÙ ( x 1 ( 0 ,5 )  0 ,2 ) , ÁÝ¹
áñáõÙ ³ÝóÙ³Ý ³ÙµáÕç Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³Ñ³ïí³ÍÇ ÁÝÃ³óùáõÙ ¨’ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý

÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÁ, ¨’  2 ( t ) Ñ³Ù³ÉáõÍ ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÁ, ÇÝãå»ë Ý³¨ ûåïÇÙ³É
Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï »Ý: ê³Ï³ÛÝ  1( t ) Ñ³Ù³ÉáõÍ
÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ ³Û¹ Ï»ïáõÙ Ë½íáõÙ ¿ ( 1 ( 0 ,5  0 )   1 ( 0 ,5  0 )  9 ,6 ) :
²Ûëï»Õ Ë½íáõÙ »Ý Ý³¨ 2(t ) ¨ u( t ) ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý»ñÇ ³Í³ÝóÛ³ÉÝ»ñÁ
( 2 ( 0 ,5  0 )  4 ,8 ;  2 ( 0 ,5  0 )  4 ,8 ; u ( 0 ,5  0 )  4 ,8 ; u ( 0 ,5  0 )  4 ,8 ):
ºññáñ¹ ï³ñµ»ñ³ÏÇ ¹»åùáõÙ x 1 ( t ) ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÇ íñ³ ¹ñí³Í ý³½³-
ÛÇÝ ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏÙ³ÝÁ Ñ³ëÝáõÙ »Ýù ( 0 ,25 ;0 ,75 ) Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³Ñ³ïí³ÍÇ
íñ³, ÁÝ¹ áñáõÙ ³Û¹ ÙÇç³Ï³ÛùáõÙ x 1 ( t )  1  const , x 2 ( t )  u( t )  0 ,

12
ÇëÏ ³ÝóÙ³Ý ³ÙµáÕç Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³Ñ³ïí³ÍÇ íñ³ x 1 ( t ) , x 2 ( t ) ¨ u( t )
÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÁ ãË½íáÕ »Ý:  1 ( t ) ¨  2 ( t ) Ñ³Ù³ÉáõÍ ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÁ
- 166 -
Ë½íáõÙ »Ý t  0 ,25 Ï»ïáõÙ ( 1 ( 0 ,25  0 )  32 ,  1 ( 0 ,25  0 )  32 ;
 2 ( 0 ,25  0 )  0 ,  2 ( 0 ,25  0 )  16 ): ²Û¹ Ï»ïáõÙ Ë½íáõÙ »Ý Ý³¨  2 ( t )

¨ u( t ) ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý»ñÇ ³Í³ÝóÛ³ÉÝ»ñÁ ( 2 ( 0 ,25  0 )  32 ;
 2 ( 0 ,25  0 )  32 ; u ( 0 ,25  0 )  32 ; u ( 0 ,25  0 )  0 ): u( t ) ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇ

³Í³ÝóÛ³ÉÁ Ë½íáõÙ ¿ Ý³¨ t  0 ,75 Ï»ïáõÙ ( u ( 0 ,75  0 )  0 ,
u ( 0 ,75  0 )  32 ):
ºñ»ù ï³ñµ»ñ³ÏÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ ¿É, ³ÏÝÑ³Ûïáñ»Ý, ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»Ý max -Ç
ëÏ½µáõÝùÇó µËáÕ ûåïÇÙ³ÉáõÃÛ³Ý µáÉáñ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ: ÈáõÍÙ³Ý
³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÝ ³ÙµáÕçáíÇÝ Ñ³ÙÁÝÏÝáõÙ »Ý é»¹áõóí³Í ý³½³ÛÇÝ ï³ñ³Íáõ-
ÃÛ³Ý Ù»Ãá¹Ç û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ùµ ¨ µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ µ³ñ¹ í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛ³Ý
Ñ»ï¨³Ýùáí [24] –áõÙ ëï³óí³Í ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï:
4.4.2. úåïÇÙ³É Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý µ³½Ù³ã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñ
¸Çï³ñÏ»Ýù ³é³í»É ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñª ´áÉóÇ ¹³ëÇ, ÎáõÝÇ-Â³Ï»ñÇ ïÇåÇ,

ÃáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇ Ï³é³í³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ï³åí³Í ( G ux ) ïÇñáõÛÃáí, ß³ñÅÙ³Ý
Ñ»ï³·Í»ñÇ Ó³Ë ¨ ³ç »½ñ»ñÇ ï»Õ³ß³ñÅíáÕ áÕáñÏ µ³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝ-

Ý»ñáí (Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý³µ³ñ M t ¨ M T ) ¨ ã³Ùñ³Ï³Ûí³Í Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÝ»ñÇ
0
ëÏ½µÝ³Ï³Ý ( t0 ) ¨ í»ñçÝ³Ï³Ý ( T ) å³Ñ»ñáí ÝÏ³ñ³·ñíáÕ µ³½Ù³ã³÷³-
ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ ¹ÇÝ³ÙÇÏ³Ï³Ý ûåïÇÙ³É³óÙ³Ý ËÝ¹ÇñÁ [30, 67, 75, 114, 117, 118,
119, 124, 125]: ì»ñçÇÝë Ó¨³Ï»ñåíáõÙ ¿ Ñ»ï¨Û³É Ï»ñå. áñáß»É Ï³é³í³ñáÕ
³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ U ( t )  u1 ( t ),...,ur ( t )T ¨ íÇ×³ÏÇ ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ
X ( t )   x 1 ( t ),..., x n ( t )T í»Ïïáñ ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý»ñÁ (rn ), áñáÝù ÙÇ³Å³Ù³-

Ý³Ï ³å³ÑáíáõÙ »Ý
- 167 -
T
I j (U )  F j ( X (T ), T )  F j ( X (t 0 ), t 0 )   f j0 ( X (t ), U (t ), t )dt,
t0 (4.199)
j  1, l ,
ýáõÝÏóÇáÝ³ÉÝ»ñÇ Ýí³½³·áõÛÝ ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÁ
X ( t )  f ( X ( t ),U ( t ), t ) (4.200)
¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç ß³ñÅÙ³Ý Ñ»ï³·Í»ñÇ íñ³ª

G ux  ( X ( t ),U ( t )) : c ( X ( t ),U ( t ), t )  0 ,   1 , m  n  1 , (4.201) 
M t0  ( X ( t 0 ), t 0 ) : Ft 0 ( X ( t 0 ), t 0 )  0 ,  1 , q  n  1 ,  (4.202)
M  ( X ( T ),T ) : F
T T ( X ( T ),T )  0 ,  1 , p  n  1  (4.203)
å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ: ´Ý³Ï³Ý³µ³ñ, Áëï ËÝ¹ñÇ í»ñÁ Ýßí³Í

Ñ³ïÏ³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ, å»ïù ¿ »ÝÃ³¹ñ»Ýù Ý³¨, áñ f ( X ( t ), U ( t ), t ) 
 ( f 1 ( X ( t ),U( t ),t ),..., f n ( X ( t ),U( t ),t ))T , c  ( X ( t ), U ( t ), t ),   1 , m ;
Ft 0 ( X ( t 0 ), t 0 ),  1 , q ; Ft ( X ( T ), T ),  1 , p , ÇÝãå»ë Ý³¨
f jo ( X ( t ), U ( t ), t ), F j ( X ( t 0 ), t 0 ) ¨ F j ( X ( T ), T ), j  1 , l , ýáõÝÏóÇ³-
Ý»ñÇ Ù³ëÝ³ÏÇ ³Í³ÝóÛ³ÉÝ»ñÝ Áëï Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ³ñ·áõÙ»ÝïÝ»ñÇ
·áÛáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»Ý:
Ð»ï¨»Éáí (1.24) ³éÝãáõÃÛ³ÝÁª G ux ïÇñáõÛÃÁ é»¹áõó»Ýù Ýñ³Ý Ñ³-
Ù³ñÅ»ù

  ( X ( t ),U ( t )) : s ( X ( t ),U ( t ), t )  0 ,   1 , m  n  1 ,  (4.204)
ïÇñáõÛÃÇÝ, áñï»Õ
s ( X ( t ),U ( t ), t )  c ( X ( t ),U ( t ), t )  c ( X ( t ),U ( t ), t ) 


 c ( X ( t ),U ( t ), t )  1  signc ( X ( t ),U ( t ), t )  0 , (4.205)
  1, m  n  1 ,
- 168 -
³ÛÉ Ï»ñå ³ë³Íª (4.199)-(4.203) áÕáñÏ ÎáõÝÇ-Â³Ï»ñÇ ïÇåÇ ËÝ¹ÇñÁ Ñ³Ý-
·»óÝ»Ýù (4.199), (4.200), (4.202) -(2.205) áã áÕáñÏ È³·ñ³ÝÅÇ ïÇåÇ ËÝ¹ñÇ:
³) Ü»ñÏ³Û³óÝ»Ýù ²²ê¶¸ìØ-Á:
Ð»ï¨»Éáí [67] ³ßË³ï³ÝùÇÝª ÙÇ³ã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ ( j  1 , l ) ´áÉóÇ ïÇåÇ
ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÁ Ñ³Ý·»óÝ»Ýù Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý Ø³Û»ñÇ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇª Ý»ñÙáõÍ»Éáí

T
x 0j ( t )   f j0 ( X ( t ),U ( t ), t )dt , j  1 , l , (4.206)
t0
Éñ³óáõóÇã ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ Ï³Ù ¿É í»ñçÇÝÝ»ñÇë Ñ³Ù³ñÅ»ù
x 0j ( t )  f j0 ( X ( t ),U ( t ), t ), x 0j ( t 0 )  0 , x 0j ( T )  ?, j  1 , l (4.207)
¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Á: ²Û¹ ¹»åùáõÙ (4.199) ï»ëùÇ

»ñÏáõ ï»ñÙÇÝ³É³ÛÇÝ ¨ Ù»Ï ÇÝï»·ñ³É³ÛÇÝ ·áõÙ³ñ»ÉÇÝ»ñÇó µ³ÕÏ³ó³Í
Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ I j ( U ), j  1 , l , áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÁ Ï÷áË³ñÇÝíÇ »ñ»ù
ï»ñÙÇÝ³É³ÛÇÝ ·áõÙ³ñ»ÉÇÝ»ñÇó µ³ÕÏ³ó³Í Ñ»ï¨Û³É ï»ëùÇ áñ³ÏÇ

ã³÷³ÝÇßáí, ³ÛëÇÝùÝª
I j ( U )  F j ( X ( T ), T )  F j ( X ( t 0 ), t 0 )  x 0j ( T ), j  1 , l (4.208)
²ÛÅÙ ÏÇñ³é»Éáí [93, 95] ³ßË³ï³ÝùÝ»ñáõÙ ëï³óí³Í ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÁª

(4.199), (4.200), (4.202)-(4.208) ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí ÝÏ³ñ³·ñíáÕ j -ñ¹
ÙÇ³ã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ Ø³Û»ñÇ ïÇåÇ ûåïÇÙ³É³óÙ³Ý ËÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý
Ýå³ï³Ïáí Ý»ñÏ³Û³óÝ»Ýù Ñ»ï¨Û³É ²²ê¶¸ìØ-Á [8]ª
- Ñ³ÙÇÉïáÝÛ³ÝÁª
H j  f j0 ( X j ( t ),U j ( t ),t )  0j ( t )  f jT ( X j ( t ),U j ( t ),t )  j ( t ) 

(4.209)
 1  j ,n1 ( t )  S( X j ( t ),U j ( t ),t )T   j ( t )  max ;
( X j ( t ),U j ( t ))
- ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Áª
- 169 -
 x 0j ( t )  f j0 ( X j ( t ), U j ( t ), t ), x 0j ( t 0 )  0, x 0j (T )  ?, (4.210)
 
 X j ( t )  f j ( X j ( t ), U j ( t ), t ), (4.211)
 x
 j , n  1 ( t )  1, x j , n  1 ( t 0 )  t 0 , x j ,n  1 (T )  T  ?, (4.212)
ÁÝ¹ áñáõÙ »½ñ³ÛÇÝ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Áª
 F t 0 ( X j ( t 0 ), t 0 )  0 ( Ó³Ë »½ñáõÙ ), (4.213)

 (4.214)
 F t ( X j (T ), T )  0 ( ³ç »½ñáõÙ );
- Ñ³Ù³ÉáõÍ ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Áª

 0
 j ( t )  0 , j ( t0 )   j ( T )  const ?,
0 0 (4.215)
 T T T
  f j0 (  )   f j (  )   S(  ) 
 j ( t )     j ( t )  
0
   j ( t )      j ( t ), (4.216)
  X j ( t )  
  X j ( t ) 
 
 X j ( t ) 

 T T
  f j0 (  )  0  f j0 (  )    S (  ) 
 j ,n1 ( t )     j ( t )  

  j ( t )  
 xn1 ( t )   x ( t )    j ( t ), (4.217)
   x n  1 ( t )     n1 
   F (  ) T  Ft0 (  )  
 ( t )    j  0
  j ( t0 )      jt0  ,
 j 0  
  X j ( t )   X j ( t )    (4.218)
   t t
 0

 ( n å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñ Ó³Ë »½ñáõÙ),

   F (  ) T  Ft 0 (  ) 
T

H j     j 0
  j ( t0 )     jt0 
 t  t0   xn  1 ( t )   xn  1 ( t )   (4.219)
   t t
0
 ( 1 å³ÛÙ³Ý Ó³Ë »½ñáõÙ),
- 170 -
   F (  )  T  FT (  )  
 ( T )    j  0
 j ( t 0 )      jT  , (4.220)
 j  
  X j ( t )    
X j ( t )  
   t T


 ( n å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñ ³ç »½ñáõÙ),

   F j (  )  T  FT (  ) 
T

H j        0
( t )      
 t T   x n 1 ( t )  j 0  x ( t )  jT
 (4.221)
    n 1   t T

 ( 1 å³ÛÙ³Ý ³ç »½ñáõÙ )
(ÝÏ³ï»Ýù, áñ »Ã» t0 -Ý ¨/Ï³Ù T-Ý ³Ùñ³Ï³Ûí³Í »Ý, ³å³

ïñ³Ýëí»ñë³ÉáõÃÛ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Çó ³ñï³ùëíáõÙ »Ý (4.219)
¨/Ï³Ù (4.221) ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ);
- H j , j  1 , l Ñ³ÙÇÉïáÝÛ³ÝÝ»ñÇ é»·áõÉÛ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁª
H j
 0 , j  1, l (4.222)
U j ( t )
¨ í»ñçÇÝÝ»ñÇë ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï ÝÙ³Ý³ÏÝ»ñÁª
  H j    f 0 (  ) 
U ( t )   K      K  j   0 ( t ) 
j uj  uj  j



U j ( t )   U j ( t ) 
  
 T T 
  f j (  )   S (  ) 
j 
    ( t )      ( t )  , U j ( t 0 )  ?, U j ( T )  ?, (4.223)
j j
  U j ( t )   U j ( t )  
     


 j ( t )  K   S (  ) : (4.224)
 j
- 171 -
0
(4.209)-(4.224) ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáõÙª  j ( t ) -Ý (4.210)-áõÙ ³éÏ³ x 0 ( t )
íÇ×³ÏÇ ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ëÏ³ÉÛ³ñ Ñ³Ù³ÉáõÍ ÷á÷á-

T
Ë³Ï³ÝÝ ¿,  j ( t )  (  1 j ( t ),..., nj ( t )) -Áª (4.211)-áõÙ ³éÏ³ X ( t ) íÇ×³ÏÇ
÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý Ñ³Ù³ÉáõÍ ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ n
ã³÷³ÝÇ í»Ïïáñ-ëÛáõÝÁ,  j ,n  1 ( t ) -Ýª (4.212)–áõÙ ³éÏ³ íÇ×³ÏÇ
÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ëÏ³ÉÛ³ñ Ñ³Ù³ÉáõÍ ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÁ,
 j ( t )  (  1 j ( t ),...,  mj ( t ))T -Áª (4.205) ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³-

ï³ëË³Ý È³·ñ³ÝÅÇ Ñ³ïáõÏ µ³½Ù³å³ïÏÇãÝ»ñÇ m ã³÷³ÝÇ í»Ïïáñ-
T
 f j0 (  ) 
ëÛáõÝÁ,   -Ýª Ù³ëÝ³ÏÇ ³Í³ÝóÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇó µ³ÕÏ³ó³Í n ã³÷³ÝÇ
 X j ( t ) 
 
T T
 f (  )   S (  ) 
j
í»Ïïáñ-ëÛáõÝÁ,   -Ýª n Ï³ñ·³ÝÇ Û³ÏáµÛ³ÝÁ,   -Ýª nm
 X j ( t )  
  X j ( t ) 
 
  f j0 (  ) 
ã³÷»ñáí ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³óí³Í Û³ÏáµÛ³ÝÁ,   -Ýª ëÏ³ÉÛ³ñ Ù³ëÝ³ÏÇ
  x j ,n  1 ( t )
 
T
 f (  ) 
 j 
³Í³ÝóÛ³ÉÁ,  -Ýª Ù³ëÝ³ÏÇ ³Í³ÝóÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇó µ³ÕÏ³ó³Í n
  x j ,n  1 ( t ) 
 
T
 S (  ) 
ã³÷³ÝÇ í»Ïïáñ-ïáÕÁ,   -Ýª ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³óí³Í Ù³ëÝ³ÏÇ
 x j ,n  1 ( t ) 
 
T
  F j (  ) 
³Í³ÝóÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇó µ³ÕÏ³ó³Í m ã³÷³ÝÇ í»Ïïáñ-ïáÕÁ,   -Ýª
 X j ( t ) 
 
- 172 -
Ù³ëÝ³ÏÇ ³Í³ÝóÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇó µ³ÕÏ³ó³Í n ã³÷³ÝÇ í»Ïïáñ-ëÛáõÝÁ,
T T
 Ft0 (  )   F j (  ) 
  -Ýª nq ã³÷»ñáí Û³ÏáµÛ³ÝÁ,   -Ýª ëÏ³ÉÛ³ñ
 x 
 X j ( t )   j ,n  1 ( t ) 
T
 Ft0 (  ) 
Ù³ëÝ³ÏÇ ³Í³ÝóÛ³ÉÁ,   -Ýª Ù³ëÝ³ÏÇ ³Í³ÝóÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇó
 x j ,n  1 ( t ) 
 
T
  F j (  ) 
µ³ÕÏ³ó³Í q ã³÷³ÝÇ í»Ïïáñ-ïáÕÁ,   -Ýª Ù³ëÝ³ÏÇ
 X j ( t ) 
 
T
 FT (  ) 
³Í³ÝóÛ³ÉÝ»Çó µ³ÕÏ³ó³Í n ã³÷³ÝÇ í»Ïïáñ-ëÛáõÝÁ,   -Ýª np
 X j ( t ) 
T
  F j (  ) 
ã³÷»ñáí Û³ÏáµÛ³ÝÁ,   -Ýª ëÏ³ÉÛ³ñ Ù³ëÝ³ÏÇ ³Í³ÝóÛ³ÉÁ,
 x j ,n  1 ( t ) 
 
T
 FT (  ) 
  -Ýª Ù³ëÝ³ÏÇ ³Í³ÝóÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇó µ³ÕÏ³ó³Í p ã³÷³ÝÇ í»Ïïáñ-
 x j ,n  1 ( t ) 
ïáÕÁ,  jt0 -Ý ¨  jT -Ý Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý³µ³ñ q ã³÷³ÝÇ ¨ p ã³÷³ÝÇ áã
½ñáÛ³Ï³Ý í»Ïïáñ-ëÛáõÝ»ñ »Ý, áñáÝù Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý³µ³ñ ³å³ÑáíáõÙ »Ý

(4.218), (4.219) ¨ (4.220), (4.221) Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ ·Íáñ»Ý Ï³Ëí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ,
K U j -Ý µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ Ù»Í ï³ññ»ñáí áõÅ»Õ³óÙ³Ý ·áñÍ³ÏÇóÝ»ñÇ r
T
 f j0 (  ) 
Ï³ñ·³ÝÇ ³ÝÏÛáõÝ³·Í³ÛÇÝ Ù³ïñÇó ¿,   -Ýª Ù³ëÝ³ÏÇ
 U j ( t ) 
 
- 173 -
T
 f j (  ) 
³Í³ÝóÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇó µ³ÕÏ³ó³Í r ã³÷³ÝÇ í»Ïïáñ-ëÛáõÝÁ,   -Ýª rn
 U j ( t ) 
T
 S (  ) 
ã³÷»ñáí Û³ÏáµÛ³ÝÁ,   -Ýª rm ã³÷»ñáí ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýñ³óí³Í
 U j ( t ) 
Û³ÏáµÛ³ÝÁ, Kj -Ý` µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ Ù»Í ï³ññ»ñáí ïáõ·³Ý³ÛÇÝ
·áñÍ³ÏÇóÝ»ñÇ m Ï³ñ·³ÝÇ ³ÝÏÛáõÝ³·Í³ÛÇÝ Ù³ïñÇóÁ:

²ÛëåÇëáí, »ÝÃ³¹ñ»Ýù Ý³¨, áñ (4.199), (4.200), (4.202)- (4.208) ï»ëùÇ j
-ñ¹ Ù³ëÝ³íáñ ËÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÁ U *j ( t )  ( u*j 1 ( t ),..., u*jr ( t ))T ¨
X *j ( t )  ( x *j 1 ( t ),..., x *jr ( t ))T í»Ïïáñ-ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý»ñÝ »Ý, áñáÝù ³å³ÑáíáõÙ

*
»Ý I j ( U j ) áñ³ÏÇ ýáõÝÏóÇáÝ³ÉÇ ûåïÇÙ³É Ýß³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁª I j ( U j ) : ²Û¹
¹»åùáõÙ, Ñ»ï¨»Éáí [86] ³ßË³ï³ÝùÇÝ, Áëï áõïáåÇ³Ï³Ý Ï»ïÇ Ù»Ãá¹Ç,
µ³½Ù³ã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ (4.199)- (4.203) ËÝ¹ÇñÁ Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ¿ é»¹áõó»É
l

J(U )   I j (U )  I j (U* )  2
 min
( X ( t ),U ( t ))
(4.225)
j 1
ù³é³Ïáõë³ÛÇÝ ýáõÝÏóÇáÝ³Éáí ÙÇ³ã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ Ø³Û»ñÇ ËÝ¹ñÇ (4.200),

(4.202)-(4.225) å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ: ´Ý³Ï³Ý³µ³ñ ³Û¹, (4.199)-(4.203)
ËÝ¹ñÇÝ Ñ³Ù³ñÅ»ù ËÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÁª U * ( t )  ( u*1 ( t ),..., u*r ( t ))T ¨
X * ( t )  ( x *1 ( t ),..., x *n ( t ))T í»Ïïáñ-ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý»ñÁ, áñáÝù Ïµ³í³ñ³ñ»Ý

å³ñ»ïá-ûåïÇÙ³ÉáõÃÛ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇÝ ¨ Ï³å³Ñáí»Ý (4.225) áñ³ÏÇ
*
ýáõÝÏóÇáÝ³ÉÇ J ( U ) ûåïÇÙ³É ³ñÅ»ùÁ, ÝÙ³Ý³å»ë Ï³ñáÕ »Ý ëï³óí»É
(4.209)-(4.224) ï»ëùÇ Ùá¹»ÉÇ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý ÙÇçáóáíª
T T
U j ( t )  ( u j 1 ( t ),...,u jr ( t )) ¨ X j ( t )  ( x j 1 ( t ),..., x jn ( t )) í»Ïïáñ-
T
ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý»ñÇ ÷áË³ñ»Ý ³·ñ»·³óí³Í ËÝ¹ñÇ U ( t )  ( u 1 ( t ),..., u r ( t )) ¨
X ( t )  ( x 1 ( t ),..., x n ( t ))T í»Ïïáñ-ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý»ñÝ û·ï³·áñÍ»Éáí :

- 174 -
µ) ²ÛÅÙ ¿É Ý»ñÏ³Û³óÝ»Ýù ²²ê¶¸ìø¶Ø-Á:
Àëï (4.209)- (4.224) ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç Ýñ³ ùí³½Ç·Í³ÛÇÝ
Ñ³Ù³ñÅ»ùÝ áõÝÇ ³ÛëåÇëÇ ï»ëù.
T T
  f j0 (  )   f j0 (  ) 
 x j ( t )k  f j (  )k  
0 0   X ( t )  
j k
  U ( t ) 
j k
  X j ( t )   U j ( t ) 
   k   k
  f j0 (  ) 
    x j ,n1 ( t )k , (4.226)
  x j ,n1 ( t ) 
  k
  f j (  )   f j (  ) 
 
X j ( t )k  f j (  )k     X j ( t )k     U j ( t )k 
  X j ( t ) k  U j ( t ) k

  f j (  ) 
    x
j ,n1 ( t )k , (4.227)
 x j ,n1 ( t ) 
  k

 x j ,n1 ( t )k  1, x j ,n1 ( t 0 )  t 0 , x j ,n1 ( T )  T , x j ,n1 ( t 0 )  ?,k , (4.228)


ÁÝ¹ áñáõÙ »½ñ³ÛÇÝ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Áª
  Ft α (  )   Ft0α (  ) 
Ft0α (  )t0   0  ΔX j (t)t0    Δx j ,n 1 ( t )t  0 , (4.229)
 0
  X j (t)  t0 x
 j ,n1  t0 (t)

  FT (  )   FT (  ) 
  Δx j ,n1 ( t )T  0 , (4.230)
FTω(  )T   X (t)  ΔX j (t)T   x (t) 
 
 j 
T  j ,n  1 T
áñï»Õ t0 - ÇÝ¹»ùëÁ Ù³ïÝ³ÝßáõÙ ¿ ½ñáÛ³Ï³Ý Ùáï³ñÏÙ³Ý »ÝÃ³ï³ñ³-
ÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ (Ó³Ë »½ñ), ÇëÏ T ÇÝ¹»ùëÁª í»ñçÝ³Ï³Ý Ùáï³ñÏÙ³Ý (³ç »½ñ);
- 175 -
 0 ( t )k  0 , 0 ( t 0 )k   0 ( T )k  const  ?, (4.231)

 T T T
  f j0 (  )   f (  )   S (  ) 

 j k ( t )       0j ( t )k   j    j ( t )k      j ( t )k , (4.232)
  X j ( t )    X ( t )    X ( t ) 
   j   j
 T T
  f j0 (  )   f j (  ) 
 j ,n 1 ( t )k    0
 j ( t )k      j ( t )k 
  x j ,n 1 ( t ) 
  x j ,n 1 ( t )  k  k
 T
  S (  ) 
    j ( t )k , (4.233)
  
 x
 j ,n 1 ( t ) 
ÁÝ¹ áñáõÙ ïñ³Ýëí»ñë³ÉáõÃÛ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Áª
   F (  )  T  Ft0 (  ) 
T


 ( t )   j
 0
 j ( t0 )   
j 0       jt0  (4.234)
   X j ( t )   X j ( t )  
   t t
0

 ( n å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñ Ó³Ë »½ñáõÙ),

   F (  )  T  Ft0 (  ) 
T

H j     j
  j ( t 0 )  
0    jt   (4.235)
 t t0   x j ,n 1 ( t )   x
 j ,n 1 ( t ) 
 0 
   t t
0
 ( 1 å³ÛÙ³Ý Ó³Ë »½ñáõÙ ),

   F (  )  T  FT (  )  
 ( T )    j    0
( t )    
 jT 
 (4.236)
 j  
  X j ( t )   j 0
  X j ( t )  
 t T


 ( n å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñ ³ç »½ñáõÙ),

T
   F (  )   FT (  )  
H j     j
  j ( t 0 )      jT  ;
t T     (4.237)
   x j ,n 1 ( t )   x j ,n 1 ( t )  
   t T
 ( 1 å³ÛÙ³Ý ³ç »½ñáõÙ);
- 176 -
- H j , j  1 , l Ñ³ÙÇÉïáÝÛ³ÝÝ»ñÇ (4.222) é»·áõÉÛ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý å³ÛÙ³Ý-
Ý»ñÇ (4.223), (4.224) ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï ÝÙ³Ý³ÏÝ»ñÇ ùí³½Ç·Í³ÛÇÝ Ý»ñÏ³Û³-
óáõÙÝ»ñÁª
T 
  0 T  f (  )  T
  f j (  )  j  S(  )  

U j ( t )k  K uj   0
 j ( t )k    ( t )k      j ( t )k ,
  j
  U j ( t )  k  U j ( t )  U j ( t ) k 
  k 
(4.238)
U j ( t 0 )  ?,U j ( T )  ?,
ÁÝ¹ áñáõÙª
  S (  )
j ( t )k  K   S(  )k   j   X j ( t )k 
 X j ( t )k
j

(4.239)
T
 S(  )   S(  )  
 
  Uj ( t )k     xj ,n1( t )k ,

Uj ( t )k  xj ,n1( t ) k 

- ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ ·Í³ÛÇÝ Ùáï³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÁª
 X j ( t )k 1  X jk  X *j ( t )k , (4.240)
 *
 x j ,n1 ( t )k 1  x j ,n1,k  x j ,n1 ( t )k , (4.241)
 U (t ) * (4.242)
 j k 1  U jk  U j ( t )k ,
áñï»Õª X jk -Ý, x j ,n  1 ,k -Ý ¨ U jk -Ý k-ñ¹ »ÝÃ³ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý Ï»ÝïñáÝÇ
Ïááñ¹ÇÝ³ïÝ»ñÝ »Ý:
(4.226)-(4.228) ¨ (4.231)-(4.239) ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáõÙ ³éÏ³ í»Ïïáñ-
ïáÕ»ñÇ, í»Ïïáñ-ëÛáõÝ»ñÇ ¨ Ù³ïñÇóÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ ³ñ¹»Ý Ëáëí»É ¿ í»ñÁ: ì»ñÁ
Ëáëí»É ¿ Ý³¨ ³·ñ»·³óí³Í ËÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Ù³ëÇÝ, ÇÝãÝ ³Ûëï»Õ ¨ë å»ïù ¿
- 177 -
ÏñÏÝ»É, µÝ³Ï³Ý³µ³ñ, Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ùí³½Ç·Í³ÛÇÝ
Ý»ñÏ³Û³óáõÙÝ»ñÇ ×ßïáõÃÛ³Ùµ:
¸ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ 1: ì»ñç³íáñ ³ç, Ó³Ë, Ï»ÝïñáÝ³Ï³Ý Ï³Ù ³ÛÉ

ï³ñµ»ñáõÃ³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÇ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óáõÙÝ»ñÁ, Ï³ñÍáõÙ »Ýù, ÁÝÃ»ñóáÕÇ
Ñ³Ù³ñ ³é³ÝÓÝ³ÏÇ ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝ ã»Ý Ý»ñÏ³Û³óÝÇ, ãÝ³Û³Í ¹ñ³Ýó
Ù»Í³Í³í³ÉáõÃÛ³ÝÁ: àõëïÇ µ³í³ñ³ñí»Ýù ³Ûëù³Ýáí:
úñÇÝ³Ï: ¸Çï³ñÏ»Ýù íÇ×³ÏÇ ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÇ ¨ Ï³é³í³ñáÕ ³½¹»-
óáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³ ¹ñí³Í ãÏ³åí³Í ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñáí Ñ»ï¨Û³É »ñÏã³÷³-
ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ ûåïÇÙ³É³óÙ³Ý ËÝ¹ÇñÁ 85].
- áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÁª
T
I 1 ( u )   1  dt  min ,
u( t )  1
0
I 2 ( u )  x 2 ( T )  max :
u( t )  1
- ß³ñÅÙ³Ý Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Á ¨ »½ñ³ÛÇÝ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁª

 x 1 ( t )  x 2 ( t ), x 1 ( 0 )  1 , x 1 ( T )  0 ,

 x 2 ( t )  u( t ), x 2 ( 0 )  0 , x 2 ( T )  ?,
- Ï³é³í³ñáÕ ³½¹»óáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³ ¹ñí³Í ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÁª
u( t )  1 ,
- ý³½³ÛÇÝ ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÁª
c( x 1 ( t ))  3  x 1 ( t )  0 :
ÈáõÍáõÙÁ: ÊÝ¹ÇñÁ ÉáõÍ»Ýù (2.210) - (2.225) Ùá¹»ÉÇ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ùµ:
²ÏÝÑ³Ûï ¿, áñ é»¹áõóí³Í ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ áõÝÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É ï»ëùÁª
 2  3  x 1 ( t ) , »Ã» 3  x 1 ( t )  0 ,
s( x 1 ( t ))  
 0 , »Ã» 3  x 1 ( t )  0 ,
áñï»ÕÇóª
- 178 -
 2  3  x 1 ( t ), »Ã» 0  x1 ( t )  3,

 2  3  x 1 ( t ), »Ã» - 3  x 1 ( t )  0 ,
s( x 1 ( t ))  
 0 , »Ã» x 1 ( t )  3 ,
 0 , »Ã» x 1 ( t )  3 :
Ð»ï¨³µ³ñ é»¹áõóí³Í ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏÙ³Ý ëáõµ·ñ³¹Ç»ÝïÇ ³ñï³Ñ³Ûïáõ-
ÃÛáõÝÁ Ñ»ï¨Û³É µ³½Ù³Ýß³Ý³Ï ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ ¿ª
  0 , »Ã» -   x 1 ( t )  3 ,
 
 0 ,2 , »Ã» x 1 ( t )  3 ,
 2 , »Ã» - 3  x 1 ( t )  0 ,

s( x 1 ( t ))x ( t )   2 ,2 , »Ã» x 1 ( t )  0 ,
1   2 , »Ã» 0  x 1 ( t )  3 ,

 2 ,0 , »Ã» x 1 ( t )  3 ,
  0 , »Ã» 3  x ( t )   :
 1
ºÝÃ³ËÝ¹Çñ 1 (ûåïÇÙ³É ³ñ³·³·áñÍáõÃÛ³Ý ËÝ¹ÇñÁ): ÆÝï»·ñ³É³ÛÇÝ

áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÁª
T
I 1 ( u )  x 0 ( t )   1  dt  T  min ,
0 u( t )  1
áñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ Ð³ÙÇÉïáÝÇ ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ýª

H   0 ( t )  x 0 ( t )   1 ( t )  x 1 ( t )   2 ( t )  x 2 ( t )  ( t )  s( x1 ( t ))  max :
u( t )  1
Ð»ï¨³µ³ñ ²²ê¶¸ìØ-Ý áõÝÇ ³ÛëåÇëÇ ï»ëùª

 x 0 ( t )  1 , x 0 ( 0 )  0 , x 0 ( T )  T  ?,

 x 1 ( t )  x 2 ( t ), x 1 ( 0 )  1 , x 1 ( T )  0 ,
 x ( t )  u( t ), x ( 0 )  0 , x ( T )  ?,
 2 2 2
- 179 -

 ( t )  0 ,  ( 0 )   ( T )  const  ? ( ( t )  1 ),
 0 0 0 0
 1 ( t )    ( t )  s( x 1 ( t ))x1 ( t ) , 1 ( 0 )  ?, 1 ( T )  ?,


 ÁÝ¹ áñáõÙª  ( t )  k   s( x 1 ( t )),

 2 ( t )   1 ( t ), 2 ( 0 )  ?, 2 ( T )  1

 (ïñ³Ýëí»ñë³ÉáõÃÛ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ ³ç »½ñáõÙ),
- ³ñ³·ÁÝÃ³ó ëáõµ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ í³Ûñ¿çùÇ Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÁª

u (t)   k u  ψ 2 (t), u( 0 )  ?, u(T)  ? :
²Ûë Ùá¹»ÉÇ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ùµ 10 ÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÁ Ý»ñ-
Ï³Û³óí³Í »Ý ³ÕÛáõë³Ï 4.8-áõÙ, áñï»Õ h – Á ÇÝï»·ñÙ³Ý ù³ÛÉÝ ¿ (ÝÏ³ï»Ýù,
áñ ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç ÉáõÍáõÙÝ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óí»É ¿
èáõÝ·»-ÎáõïïÇ 4-ñ¹ Ï³ñ·Ç Ù»Ãá¹áí [102], ÁÝ¹ áñáõÙ Ñ³ßí³ñÏÝ»ñÇ
×ßïáõÃÛáõÝÁª =10 -6 ):
5 ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³ñ³ñ ÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñáí ³ÝÑ³Ûï Ù»ÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ
~ ~
ÙÇçÇÝ ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÁ Ñ»ï¨Û³ÉÝ»ñÝ »Ýª x *1 ( T )  0.0003 ;
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ * ( T~ )  0.9958 ; T~  I~ * ( u
~ )  1.4109 : ²Û¹
x *2 ( T )  I 2 ( u )  1.4164 ; u 1
¹»åùáõÙ µ³ó³ñÓ³Ï ¨ Ñ³ñ³µ»ñ³Ï³Ý ëË³É³ÝùÝ»ñÁ ×ß·ñÇï ÉáõÍÙ³Ý
( x *1 ( T )  0 ; x *2 ( T )  I 2 ( u )   2 ; uopt ( T )  1 ; Topt  I 1opt ( u )  2
[85]) ÝÏ³ïÙ³Ùµ Ñ³í³ë³ñ »Ý.  x 1 ( T )  0.0003 ; x ( T )  I 2 ( u )  0.0021;

2
 u( T )  0 .0042 ; T  I 1opt ( u )  0.0033; x1 ( T )  1 (µÝ³Ï³Ý³µ³ñ,
³Ûëï»Õ ¨ Ñ»ï³·³ÛáõÙ ³Ûë óáõó³ÝÇßÇÝ å»ïù ã¿ áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ ¹³ÓÝ»É, ù³ÝÇ
áñ x*1 ( T )  0 , áñÇ å³ï×³éáí ¿É x 1 ( T )  ~

x 1 ( T ));
x 2 ( T )   I 2 ( u )  0.0014 ; u( T )  0.0042 ; T  I 1opt ( u )  0.0023 ) :
- 180 -
x*2(T)
÷. u(0) 1(0) 2(0) kU k h x*1(T) u*(T) I*1(u)T
I2(u)
1 10 10 10-2 1 0.0001 -1.4347 -1.0041 1.3997
-1
10-4
2 10 -1.4062 1.4158
1 1 2
-0.9964
3 10 0.0003 -1.4065 1.4160
-1 10-2
4 5 5 -1.4188 -0.9819 1.4095
-3
5 10 10 10 1 0.0005 -1.4159 -1.0002 1.4135
2 -3
6 -1 -1 10 10
10-2
7 1
1 -1
î³ñ³ÙÇïáÕ Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý
8 1 1 10 102
ÁÝÃ³ó³Ï³ñ·»ñ
9 5 10 10
10 -1 1 5 102 50 10-4
3-ñ¹ ÷áñÓ³ñÏÙ³Ý ¹ÇÝ³ÙÇÏ³Ý Ý»ñÏ³Û³óí³Í ¿ ³ÕÛ. 4.9-áõÙ, ÇëÏ

Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³ÛÇÝ µÝáõÃ³·ñ»ñÁª ÝÏ. 4.8–áõÙ:
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 4.9 ²ÕÛáõë³Ï 4.9 –Ç ß³ñáõÝ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ
t x1(t) x2(t) u(t) t x1(t) x2(t) u(t)

0 1 0 -1 1.0 0.5009 -1.0000 -0.9992
0.2 0.9807 -0.2002 -1 1.2 0.2801 -1.2007 -0.9981
0.4 0.9209 -0.4007 -1 1.35 0.0892 -1.3491 -0.9973
0.6 0.8209 -0.6001 -1 1.4 0.0205 -1.3991 -0.9971
0.8 0.6801 -0.8001 -1 1.45 -0.0511 -1.4490 -0.9964
- 181 -
x*1(t), x*2(t), u*(t)
1 x*1(t)
(1.4160;0.0003)
0
0.5 1 t
x* 2(t)
(1.4160;-0.9964)
-1
u*(t) (1.4160;-1.4065)
-1.4065
ÜÏ. 4.8
ºÝÃ³ËÝ¹Çñ 2 (Ø³Û»ñÇ ËÝ¹ÇñÁ): î»ñÙÇÝ³É³ÛÇÝ áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÁª

I 2 ( u )   x 2 ( T )  min ,
u( t ) 1
áñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ Ð³ÙÇÉïáÝÇ ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ýª

H   1 ( t )  x 1 ( t )   2 ( t )  x 2 ( t )   ( t )  s( x 1 ( t ))  max :
u( t )  1

 x 1 ( t )  x 2 ( t ), x 1 ( 0 )  1 , x 1 ( T )  0 ,

 x 2 ( t )  u( t ), x 2 ( 0 )  0 , x 2 ( T )  ?;
 1 ( t )    ( t )  s( x 1 ( t ))x1 ( t ) , 1 ( 0 )  ?, 1 ( T )  ?,

 ÁÝ¹ áñáõÙª  ( t )  k   s( x 1 ( t )),

 2 ( t )   1 ( t ), 2 ( 0 )  ?, 2 ( T )  1
(ïñ³Ýëí»ñë³ ÉáõÃÛ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ ³ç »½ñáõÙ);
- 182 -
- ³ñ³·ÁÝÃ³ó ëáõµ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ í³Ûñ¿çùÇ Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÁª
u (t)   k u ψ 2 (t), u( 0 )  ?, u(T)  ? :
10 ÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÝ ³Ûë Ùá¹»ÉÇ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ
Ý»ñÏ³Û³óí³Í »Ý ³ÕÛ. 4.10-áõÙ, 3-ñ¹ ÷áñÓ³ñÏÙ³Ý ¹ÇÝ³ÙÇÏ³Ýª ³ÕÛ. 4.11-áõÙ,
ÇëÏ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³ÛÇÝ µÝáõÃ³·ñ»ñÁª ÝÏ. 4.9-áõÙ:
ö u(0) 1(0) 2(0) ku k h
1 10-3 4.5
10-4
2 1 10-4 50
3 1 10-3 4 10-3
4 10 50
5 -1 10 1 40
6 5 5 50
7 102 102 10-4 10-4
42
8 -1 1
9 1 -1 50
10 5 1
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 4.10 -Ç ß³ñáõÝ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ
x*1(T) x*2(T)
t÷áË. x*1(t÷áË) x*2(t÷áË.) T u*(T)
I1(u) I*2(u)
2.0005 -1.0035 -1.9899 6.4500 0.0001 2.4503
1.9880 -1.0015 -1.9781 6.4520 0.0004 2.4302
1.9880 -1.0001 -2.0011 6.4480 2.4512
2.0020 -1.0242 -2.0012 6.4502 0.0002 2.4482 1
2.0020 -1.0002 -2.0024 6.4501 2.4502
1.9895 -1.0020 -1.9988 6.4400 0.0004 2.4520
2.0020 -1.0040 -2.0012 6.4520 0.0102 2.4422
u(t) –Ç Ýß³ÝÇ ÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝ ãÇ ¹ÇïíáõÙ ( u(t)= -1, t)
- 183 -
Àëï 7 ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³ñ³ñ ÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÇ ³ÝÑ³Ûï Ù»ÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ
~ ~
ÙÇçÇÝ ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÁ Ñ»ï¨Û³ÉÝ»ñÝ »Ý. t * õÇáË.  1.9973 ; ~
x *1 t * õÇáË.  1.0051;  
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
~  ~

x *2 t * õÇáË.  1.9975 ; T  I 1 ( u x *1 ( T )  0.0017; ~
)  6.4463; ~ x *2 ( T )  I 2* ( u )  2.4463 :
~ * ( t )  1, t  0 ;1.9973 ; u~ * ( t )  1 , t  1.9973 ;6.4489  :
²Û¹ ¹»åùáõÙ. u
*
´³ó³ñÓ³Ï ¨ Ñ³ñ³µ»ñ³Ï³Ý ëË³É³ÝùÝ»ñÁ ×ß·ñÇï ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ( t õÇáË  2,
 
x*1 tõÇáË
*
 1, x*2 t õÇáË  2; T  I1( u )  4  6 , x*1 (T )  0, x*2 (T )  I2opt( u)  6 ;
 
uopt ( t )  1, t  0 ;2 ; uopt ( t )  1 , t  2 ;4  6 [86]) ÝÏ³ïÙ³Ùµ Ñ³í³-
ë³ñ »Ý. t õÇáË  0.0027 ; x 1 t õÇáË   0.0051;  x 2 t õÇáË   0.0025 ;
T  I 1 ( u )  0.0006;  x 1 ( T )  0 .0017 ; x 2 ( T )  I 2 opt ( u )  0.0032 ;

u( T )  0.0000 ; t õÇáË  0.0013 ; x 1 t õÇáË   0.0051; x 2 t õÇáË   0.0012 ;
T  I 1 ( u )  0.0001;  x 1 T   1 ; x 2 ( T )   I 2 opt ( u )  0.0013 ;
u( T )  0.0000 :
3-ñ¹ ÷áñÓ³ñÏÙ³Ý ¹ÇÝ³ÙÇÏ³Ý Ý»ñÏ³Û³óí³Í ¿ ³ÕÛ. 4.11 - áõÙ, ÇëÏ
Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³ÛÇÝ µÝáõÃ³·ñ»ñÁª ÝÏ. 4.10 – áõÙ:
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 4.11 ²ÕÛáõë³Ï 4.11 –Ç ß³ñáõÝ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ

t x1(t) x2(t) u(t) t x1(t) x2(t) u(t)
0 1 0 3.5 -2.8631 -0.4988
0.5 0.8750 -0.4999 4.0 -2.9875 0.0012
1.0 0.5003 -0.9985 4.5 -2.8618 0.5012
1.5 -0.1227 -1.4922 5.0 -2.4863 1.0012
-1 1
2.0 -0.9901 -1.9749 5.5 -1.8606 1.5012
2.1 -1.1854 -1.8992 6.0 -0.9850 2.0012
2.5 -1.8643 -1.4987 6.4 -0.1045 2.4012
3.0 -2.4887 -0.9987 6.5 0.1406 2.5012
- 184 -
(6.4480;2.4512)
x*1(t), x*2(t), u*(t)
2
u*(t) (6.4480;1)
1
(6.4480;0.0002)
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 t
-1
u*(t)
-2 x*2(t) x*1(t)
-3
ÜÏ. 4.9
ºÝÃ³ËÝ¹Çñ 3 (´áÉóÇ ³·ñ»·³óí³Í ËÝ¹ÇñÁ). 1- ÇÝ ¨ 2-ñ¹ »ÝÃ³ËÝ¹Çñ-
~
Ý»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ ëï³óí³Í áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ I 1* ( u )  1.4109 ,
~*
I 2 ( u )  2.4489 ÙÇçÇÝ ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ßí³éÙ³Ùµ áõÝ»Ýù Ñ»ï¨Û³É
ù³é³Ïáõë³ÛÇÝ áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÁª

2
T 
I    1  dt  1.4109    x 2 ( T )  2.4489   min :
2
u ( t ) 1
0 
ì»ñçÇÝÇë Ý»ñÏ³Û³óáõÙÁ
I  T  1.4109 2   x 2 ( T )  2.4489 2  min

u( t ) 1
ï»ñÙÇÝ³É³ÛÇÝ ã³÷³ÝÇßÇ ï»ëùáí ´áÉóÇ ËÝ¹ÇñÁ Ñ³Ý·»óÝáõÙ ¿ Ø³Û»ñÇ

ËÝ¹ñÇª Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ïñ³Ýëí»ñë³ÉáõÃÛ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáí, áñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ
Ð³ÙÇÉïáÝÇ ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ýª
H   1 ( t )  x 1 ( t )   2 ( t )  x 2 ( t )   ( t )  s( x 1 ( t ))  max :
u( t )  1
- 185 -
 x 0 ( t )  1 , x 0 ( 0 )  0 , x 0 ( T )  T  ?,

 x 1 ( t )  x 2 ( t ), x 1 ( 0 )  1 , x 1 ( T )  0 ,
 x 2 ( t )  u( t ), x 2 ( 0 )  0 , x 2 ( T )  ?;

 0 ( t )  0 ,  0 ( 0 )   0 ( T )  const  ?, x 0 ( T )  1.4109   0 ( T )  0

 (ïñ³Ýëí»ñë³ÉáõÃÛ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÁ Ó³Ë »½ñáõÙ),

 1 ( t )    ( t )  s( x 1 ( t ))x1 ( t ) , 1 ( 0 )  ?, 1 ( T )  ?,
 2 ( t )   1 ( t ), 2 ( 0 )  ?, 2 ( T )  ?, x ( T )  2.4463   2 ( T )  0
 2
 (ïñ³Ýëí»ñë³ÉáõÃÛ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ ³ç »½ñáõÙ);
 
u( t )   k u  2 ( t ), u( 0 )  ?, u( T )  ?,
  ( t )  k   s( x 1 ( t )) :


²Ûë Ùá¹»ÉÇ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ùµ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óí³Í 10 ÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ

³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÁ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óí³Í »Ý ³ÕÛ. 4.13 -áõÙ:
Àëï 6 ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³ñ³ñ ÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ ³ÝÑ³Ûï Ù»ÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÙÇçÇÝ
~* ~*
³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÝ ³ÛëåÇëÇÝ »Ý. tõÇáË  1.0485 ; ~  
x *1 tõÇáË  0.4596 ;
~* ~ ~ ~
~ 
x *2 tõÇáË 1.0229 ; T  I ( u )  2.6302; ~
1
~
x *1 ( T )  0.0028 ; ~
~ ~ )  0.5294 :
x *2 ( T )  I 2 ( u
²Û¹ ¹»åùáõÙ u ~ * ( t )  1 , t  1.0485 ;2.6302  ;

~ * ( t )  1 , t  0 ;1.0485; u
~ ~
J * (u )  5.1654 : ´³ó³ñÓ³Ï ¨ Ñ³ñ³µ»ñ³Ï³Ý ëË³É³ÝùÝ»ñÁ ×ß·ñÇï ÉáõÍÙ³Ý
*
( tõÇáË  1.0693;  *

x *1 t õÇáË  0.4283, 
x *2 t õÇáË
*
 1.0693; Topt  I 1 ( u*)  2.6785 ,
x *1 ( T )  0 ; x*2 ( T )  I 2 ( u )  0 .5399 ; uopt( t )  1,t  0;1.0693 ;
uopt ( t )  1, t  1.0693;2.6785; J * ( u )  5.2450 [86] Ñ³Ù»Ù³ïáõÃÛ³Ùµ
Ï³½ÙáõÙ »Ýª t õÇáË  0.0213;  x 1 t õÇáË   0 .0313 ;  x 2 t õÇáË   0.0464 ;
- 186 -
T  I 1 ( u )  0.0483 ;  x 1 ( T )  0 .0028 ; x 2 ( T )  I 2 ( u )  0.0105 ;
u( T )  0.0000 ;  J opt ( u )  0 .0796 ; t õÇáË  0.0203 ; x 1 t õÇáË   0.0681;
x 2 t õÇáË   0.0454; T  I 1 ( u )  0.0184 ; x 1 T   1;
x 2 ( T )  I 2 ( u )  0.0198 ; u( T )  0.0000 ;  J opt ( u )  0.0154 :

ö. u(0) 1(0) 2(0) ku k h
1 1 1 4
10-3
2 8
10
3
10 40
4
1
5 10-4
-1 27 10-4
6
1 10
7 45
8 -1
-1
9 1 10-3 3
10 -1 1
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 4.13 -Ç ß³ñáõÝ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ
t÷áË. x1(t÷áË.) x*2(t÷áË.) T x1(T) x2(T) u*(T) J(u)
1.0400 0.4614 -1.0366 2.6515 0.0002 0.5189 5.2528
1.0380 0.4814 -0.9833 2.6113 0.0021 0.5122 1 5.1811
1.0505 0.4594 -1.0347 2.6031 0.0031 0.5124 5.1612
º½ñ³ÛÇÝ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝÝ»ñÁ ã»Ý µ³í³ñ³ñíáõÙ
1.0650 0.4344 -1.0590 2.6790 -0.0008 0.5449 1 5.2235
º½ñ³ÛÇÝ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝÝ»ñÁ ã»Ý µ³í³ñ³ñíáõÙ
1.0405 0.4770 -1.0185 2.6272 0.0121 0.5491 5.0788
1
1.0570 0.4442 -1.0054 2.6100 0.0001 0.5392 5.0749
²ÝóÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÁ Ù»Í ¿ ûåïÇÙ³É Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÇó ( T>Topt )
- 187 -
5-ñ¹ ÷áñÓ³ñÏÙ³Ý ¹ÇÝ³ÙÇÏ³Ý Ý»ñÏ³Û³óí³Í ¿ ³ÕÛ. 4.14 - áõÙ, ÇëÏ
Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³ÛÇÝ µÝáõÃ³·ñ»ñÁª ÝÏ. 4.10 - áõÙ:
t x1(t) x2 (t) u(t)
0 1 0 -1
0.5 0.8750 -0.4999 -0.9995
1.0 0.5002 -0.9990 -0.9960
1.1 0.3958 -1.0523
1.5 0.0549 -0.6523
2.0 -0.1462 -0.1523
2.5 -0.0973 0.3477
2.6 -0.0575 0.4477 1
2.63 -0.0436 0.4777
2.65 -0.0339 0.4977
2.68 -0.0185 0.5277
2.70 -0.0077 0.5477
x*1(t),x*2(t),u*(t)
u*(t) (2.6792;1)
1
(2.6792;0.5449)
0.
5 t
0
1 1.0650 2 (2.6792;-0.0008)
-0.5 x*1(t)
-1 x*2(t)
u*(t)
ÜÏ. 4.10
- 188 -
¸Çï³ñÏí³Í »ñÏã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ ûåïÇÙ³É Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý ËÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý
³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÁ ÙÇ³ñÅ»ùáñ»Ý Ñ³ëï³ïáõÙ »Ý ³é³ç³ñÏí³Í Ùá¹»ÉÇ Ñ³ßíá-
Õ³Ï³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ïáõÃÛáõÝÁ: ê³Ï³ÛÝ, ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ Ýß»É Ñ»ï¨Û³ÉÁ. (2.205)
Ñ³í³ë³ñÙ³Ý Çñ³·áñÍáõÙÁ Ñ³ÙÇÉïáÝÛ³ÝÇ é»·áõÉÛ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÇ
³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï ÝÙ³Ý³Ï»ñåÇ ¹»åùáõÙ µ³í³ñ³ñíáõÙ ¿ Ùáï³íáñ Ï»ñåáí: ¸ñ³
Ñ»ï¨³Ýùáí Ñ³Ù³ÉáõÍ ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÝ ³ýÇÝ³ÛÇÝ Ó¨áí ³Õ³í³ÕíáõÙ »Ý:
²Ûë Ñ³Ý·³Ù³ÝùÁ ÍÝáõÙ ¿ »ñÏÏ»ï »½ñ³ÛÇÝ ËÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý
¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñª Ï³åí³Í ïñ³Ýëí»ñë³ÉáõÃÛ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ áã Ù»Í
×ßïáõÃÛ³Ùµ µ³í³ñ³ñí»Éáõ Ñ»ï: ê³Ï³ÛÝ µ³½Ù³ï³ñµ»ñ³Ï³ÛÇÝ Ñ³ßíá-
Õ³Ï³Ý ÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÙ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ µ³í³ñ³ñ ï»Õ»Ïáõ-
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ »Ýù ëï³ÝáõÙ, áñå»ë½Ç Ï³ñáÕ³Ý³Ýù Ù»Í Ñ³Ùá½í³ÍáõÃÛ³Ùµ åÝ¹»É
ëï³óí³Í Ùáï³íáñ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ ûåïÇÙ³ÉáõÃÛáõÝÁ (ùí³½ÇûåïÇÙ³ÉáõÃÛáõÝÁ)ª
Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ×ßïáõÃÛ³Ùµ:
- 189 -
Ð²ìºÈì²Ì
Ð³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ëË»Ù³Ý»ñÇ ½áõ·³ÙÇïáõÃÛáõÝÁ
 (4.60) ï»ëùÇ ï³ñµ»ñáõÃ³ÛÇÝ ëË»Ù³ÛÇ ½áõ·³ÙÇïáõÃÛáõÝÁ

(4.60) ï»ëùÇ »ñÏß»ñï (ÙÇ³ù³ÛÉ) ï³ñµ»ñáõÃ³ÛÇÝ ëË»Ù³Ý ³ÝÏÛáõ-
Ý³·Í³ÛÇÝ Ù³ïñÇóÝ»ñÇ Çñ³ñ Ñ³í³ë³ñ ï³ññ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ Ï³ñáÕ »Ýù Ý»ñ-
Ï³Û³óÝ»É Ñ»ï¨Û³É Ï³ÝáÝ³Ï³Ý [87] ï»ëùáí.
hK1  ( U K  1  U K )  A  U K   K , k  0 ,1 ,..., (Ð.1)
U
U 0 ( t 0 )  U 0 , U 0 ( t 0 )  U 0  H ,
áñï»Õ H -Á ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ ¿, ÇëÏ A –Ý ¨  K -Ý` Ñ»ï¨Û³É
ûå»ñ³ïáñÝ»ñÁ`
A  K U  K   SUT K  SU K , (Ð.2)
 K   K U  ( LU  K   S UT K  S K )   K ( U 0 ) : (Ð.3)
Ð»ßï ¿ ÝÏ³ï»É, áñ (2.1)-Á µ³ó³Ñ³Ûï Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ëË»Ù³ ¿ [87,

B  E , ¿ç 198], áñÇ å³ï×³éáí ³ÛÝ áõÝÇ Ùáï³ñÏÙ³Ý ³é³çÇÝ Ï³ñ· [87,
m  1 , ¿ç 199]: øÝÝ³ñÏ»Ýù ³Ûë ëË»Ù³ÛÇ Ï³ÛáõÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ñó»ñÁ:
(Ð.1) ËÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÁ Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ¿ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óÝ»É Ñ»ï¨Û³É »ñÏáõ ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ
ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ ·áõÙ³ñÇ ï»ëùáí`
hK1  ( U K  1  U K )  A  U K  0 , k  0 ,1 ,...;
U (Ð.4)
U 0 ( t 0 )  U 0 , U 0 ( t 0 )  U 0 ,
hK1  ( U K  1  U K )  A  U K   K , k  0 ,1 ,...;
U (Ð.5)
U 0 ( t 0 )  U 0 , U 0 ( t 0 )   U 0 ,
(1)
³ÛëÇÝùÝ U  U  U ( 2 ) ³éÝãáõÃÛ³Ùµ, áñï»Õ U ( 1 ) -Á (Ð.4) ËÝ¹ñÇ
(2)
ÉáõÍáõÙÝ ¿, ÇëÏ U –Á` (Ð.5) ËÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÁ:
(Ð.4) - Çó Ñ»ï¨áõÙ ¿, áñ U K  1  P  U K , áñï»Õ P  E  hK U  A –Ý

- 190 -
ÙÇ ß»ñïÇó ÙÛáõë ß»ñïÇÝ ³ÝóÙ³Ý ûå»ñ³ïáñÝ ¿: (Ð.4) ëË»Ù³Ý Ï³ÛáõÝ ¿ U
÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ H A ï³ñ³ÍáõÃáõÝáõÙ, ÇëÏ A -Ý ÇÝùÝ³Ñ³Ù³ÉáõÍ ¹ñ³Ï³Ý
ûå»ñ³ïáñ ¿: ²Û¹ ¹»åùáõÙ ×Çßï ¿ Ñ»ï¨Û³É ·Ý³Ñ³ï³Ï³ÝÁ`
U K  1 A
 U K
A
, (Ð.6)
áñï»Õ  -Á Ù³ïÝ³ÝßáõÙ ¿ (  ,  ) ¿Ý»ñ·»ïÇÏ ÝáñÙ³Ý:

²ÛÝáõÑ»ï¨,
U K  1 A
 P  U K
A
 P A
 U K
A
,
·Ý³Ñ³ï³Ï³ÝÇó Ñ»ï¨áõÙ ¿, áñ (Ð.6) ³ÝÑ³í³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ñ³Ù³ñÅ»ù ¿
P A
 1 å³ÛÙ³ÝÇÝ Ï³Ù ¿É
hK
U
2P
1
A

 2 K U  K   S UT K  S U K 
1
, (Ð.7)
áñÁ ¨ H A ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝáõÙ µ³ó³Ñ³Ûï ëË»Ù³ÛÇ Ï³ÛáõÝáõÃÛ³Ý ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï
å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ ¿ ( U K A
 U 0
A
):
ºÃ» ¹Çï³ñÏíÇ (Ð.4) ëË»Ù³ÛÇ Ï³ÛáõÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ H B  H E ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõ-

ÝáÙ, ³å³, ÇÝãå»ë ¹Åí³ñ ã¿ Ñ³Ùá½í»É, Áëï [87, 29 µ³Ý³Ó¨, ¿ç 205] –Ç,
Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ¿ ëï³Ý³É Ï³ÛáõÝáõÃÛ³Ý ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¨ µ³í³ñ³ñ å³ÛÙ³ÝÁ
hK  2   iA1 , i  1 , r
U
Ñ³ñ³µ»ñ³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý ï»ëùáí, áñï»Õª  iA , i  1 , r -»ñÁ A ûå»ñ³ïáñÇ ë»-

÷³Ï³Ý Ãí»ñÝ »Ý: ²Ûë å³ÛÙ³ÝÁ Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ¿ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óÝ»É Ý³¨ Ñ»ï¨Û³É Ï»ñå`
hK  2   1 T 
,
U i  SU SU
 K K 
ÇÝãÁ, ³ÏÝÑ³Ûïáñ»Ý, Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³ÝáõÙ ¿ (Ð.7)-ÇÝ: ØÛáõë ÏáÕÙÇó, Ýå³ï³Ï

áõÝ»Ý³Éáí µ³ó³é»É ÑÝ³ñ³íáñ Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý µ³ñ¹áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁª Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ¿
ÁÝ¹áõÝ»É, áñ
1
 
hK  2   K U  K     T  : (Ð.8)
U max  SU SU  

  K K  
- 191 -
ÂáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇ ïÇñáõÛÃÇ Ý»ñëáõÙ hK ù³ÛÉÇ Ñ³ßíÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ¿ û·ïí»É
U
Ñ³ÛïÝÇ ÁÝÃ³ó³Ï³ñ·»ñÇó, Ù³ëÝ³íáñ³å»ë, ÁÝ¹áõÝ»É [96, ¾ç 229]

hK  c  ( K  1 )  ,
U
áñï»Õ c  const ,   0.5 ; 1 , ÇëÏ K -Ýª Çï»ñ³óÇ³ÛÇ Ñ³Ù³ñÝ ¿:
 (4.104) - (4.106) ï³ñµ»ñáõÃ³ÛÇÝ ëË»Ù³ÛÇ ½áõ·³ÙÇïáõÃÛáõÝÁ

ÐÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ ³×»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ A ¨  K ûå»ñ³ïáñÝ»ñÝ
áõÝ»Ý Ñ»ï¨Û³É ï»ëùÁª A   f X K ,  K  f K   f U
K
 U K   K ( X 0 ,U 0* ) :
Ð»ï¨³µ³ñ (4.104) ëË»Ù³ÛÇ Ï³ÛáõÝáõÃÛ³Ý ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¨ µ³í³ñ³ñ å³ÛÙ³ÝÁ
ÏïñíÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É ³ÝÑ³í³ë³ñáõÃÛ³Ùµª
hK  2   max
1
: (Ð.9)
U  f xK
Ð³Ù³ÉáõÍ ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ A ¨  K ûå»ñ³ïáñÝ»ñÝ áõÝ»Ý ³ÛëåÇ-

ëÇ ï»ëù`

A  f XTK ,  K  LXK  K   S TX K  SK  S X K  X K  SUK  U K  
  K ( X 0 ,U 0* ) :
Ð»ï¨³µ³ñ, (4.105) ëË»Ù³ÛÇ Ï³ÛáõÝáõÃÛ³Ý ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¨ µ³í³ñ³ñ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ
¿É ³Ûë ¹»åùáõÙ ÏáõÝ»Ý³ Ñ»ï¨Û³É ï»ëùÁª
hK X  2   max
1
T : (Ð.10)
f x
K
Î³é³í³ñáÕ ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ A ¨ K ûå»ñ³ïáñÝ»ñÝ ³ÛëåÇ-

ëÇÝ »Ýª
A  K U  K   SUT K  SU K ,
 K   K U  ( LU  f UT  K 
K K
 K   SU K  ( S K  S X K  X K ))   K ( X 0 , U 0* ) ,
- 192 -
áñï»ÕÇó ¿É (4.106) –ÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý hK ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ ù³ÛÉÁ
U
Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ¿ ÁÝïñ»É (Ð.8)-ÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý:

àñå»ë Ï³Ý·³éÇ å³ÛÙ³Ý, Ù³ëÝ³íáñ³å»ë, Ï³ñáÕ ¿ Í³é³Û»É
X K
 1 , U K
  2 Ñ³ñ³µ»ñ³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÙÇ³Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÛ³ ï»ÕÇ
áõÝ»Ý³ÉÁ, áñï»Õ  1 –Á ¨  2 -Á Ý³Ëûñáù í»ñóíáÕ µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ ÷áùñ

Ù»ÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ »Ý, áñáÝù Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý³µ³ñ å³ÛÙ³Ý³íáñáõÙ »Ý ý³-
½³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï³·ÍÇ ÁÝÃ³óÇÏ Ï»ïÇ ÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÝ Áëï ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ¨ Ï³-
é³í³ñáÕ ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ: ²ÝÑñ³Å»ßïáõÃÛ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ Ï³ñáÕ »Ý û·ï³-
·áñÍí»É Ý³¨ ³ÛÉ, ³é³í»É µ³ñ¹ Ï³Ý·³éÇ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñ [32, 60]:
¼áõ·³ÙÇïáõÃÛ³Ý ÝÙ³Ý³ïÇå å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñ Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ¿ ëï³Ý³É Ý³¨ ÙÛáõë
Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ëË»Ù³Ý»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ:
- 193 -
ú¶î²¶àðÌì²Ì ¶ð²Î²ÜàôÂÚ²Ü ò²ÜÎ
1. ¶Ûáõ½³ÉÛ³Ý Ü.Ð. ´³½Ù³ã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ ûåïÇÙ³É³óÙ³Ý ³ñ³·ÁÝÃ³ó ëáõµ-

·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÇ Ùß³ÏáõÙÁ ¨ ÏÇñ³é³Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñ»ñÇ ÷³Ã»ÃÇ
ëï»ÕÍáõÙÁ: //î.·.Ã. ... ë»ÕÙ³·Çñ: 2002. – 21 ¿ç:
2. êÇÙáÝÛ³Ý ê.Ð. ²íïáÙ³ï³óí³Í Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³ÉÇñÝ»ñ:
ºñ¨³Ý, ÐäÖÐ, 1992; Ù³ë 1. – 150¿ç; Ù³ë 2 . – 100¿ç:
3. êÇÙáÝÛ³Ý ê.Ð. Ð³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÇ ÏÇñ³é³Ï³Ý ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ: ºñ¨³Ý,
ÐäÖÐ, 2002. – 217 ¿ç:
4. êÇÙáÝÛ³Ý ê.Ð. úåïÇÙ³É Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý ÏÇñ³é³Ï³Ý ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ: ºñ¨³Ý,
ÐäÖÐ, 2005. – 180 ¿ç:
5. êÇÙáÝÛ³Ý ê.Ð., ¶Ûáõ½³ÉÛ³Ý Ü.Ð. úåïÇÙ³É Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ
ëáõµ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñ /Ð³í³ï. Ð³Û¶îÈ¶ÐÆ-áõÙ, 16.07.98., N 94
-Ap 98. - 28 ¿ç:
6. Àâåòèñÿí À.Ã. Ðàçðàáîòêà äèôôåðåíöèàëüíî-òåéëîðîâñêèõ ìîäåëåé
ðåøåíèÿ êîíå÷íûõ çàäà÷ è ñîçäàíèå ïàêåòà ïðèêëàäíûõ ïðîãðàìì
//Àâòîðåô. äèññ. ... ê.ò.í. Åðåâàí, 1997. –22 ñ.
7. Àâåòèñÿí À.Ã., Îâàêèìÿí Â.Î. Ïàðàëëåëüíàÿ ìîäåëü îïðåäåëåíèÿ
êîìïëåêñíûõ êîðíåé àëãåáðàè÷åñêèõ ìíîãî÷ëåíîâ //Ñá. ñòàòåé
“Âîïðîñû ïîâûøåíèÿ ýôôåêòèâíîñòè ñèñòåì óïðàâëåíèÿ òåõíîëî-
ãè÷åñêèìè ïðîöåññàìè“. Åðåâàí, ÃÈÓÀ, ÑÀÓÐÀ, 1994. -Ñ. 30-35.
8. Àâåòèñÿí À.Ã., Ñèìîíÿí Î.Ñ., Ãþçàëÿí Í.Ã. Ñêîðîñòíûå ñóáãðà-
äèåíòíûå ìîäåëè ìíîãîêðèòåðèàëüíûõ îïòèìèçàöèîííûõ çàäà÷ //
Ñá. íàó÷íûõ òðóäîâ “Ìîäåëèðîâàíèå, îïòèìèçàöèÿ, óïðàâëåíèå”.
Âûï. 2, Åðåâàí, ÃÈÓÀ, 2000. -Ñ. 96-110.
9. Àäàìÿí Ã.Â. Ìàòåìàòè÷åñêîå ìîäåëèðîâàíèå íåêîòîðûõ çàäà÷ ñèñòåì-
íîãî àíàëèçà ñ ïðèìåíåíèåì ãðàäèåíòíûõ ñòðóêòóð è äèôôåðåí-
öèàëüíûõ ïðåîáðàçîâàíèé /Àâòîðåô. äèññ. ... ê.ò.í. Åðåâàí, 1991.- 22ñ.
10. Àëåêñååâ Î.Ã. Êîìïëåêñíîå ïðèìåíåíèå ìåòîäîâ äèñêðåòíîé îïòèìè-
çàöèè. Ì.: Íàóêà, 1987. – 247 ñ.
11. Àðñëàíîâ Í.Ç. Ìíîãîêðèòåðèàëüíîñòü è ñîãëàñîâàíèå â àêòèâíûõ
- 194 -
ñèñòåìàõ //À è Ò. – 1997. ¹2. -Ñ. 162-168.
12. Àôàíàñüåâ Â.Í., Êîëìàíîâñêèé Â.Á., Íîñîâ Â.Ð. Ìàòåìàòè÷åñêàÿ
òåîðèÿ êîíñòðóèðîâàíèÿ ñèñòåì óïðàâëåíèÿ. Ì.: Âûñøàÿ øêîëà. 1998.
– 574 ñ.
13. Áàçàðà Ì., Øåòòè Ê. Íåëèíåéíîå ïðîãðàììèðîâàíèå. Òåîðèÿ è
àëãîðèòìû.- Ì.: Ìèð, 1982.-584 ñ.
14. Áàðàíîâ Â.Ë., Çàëîãèí Í.Ñ., Óðóñêèé Î.Ñ., Áàðàíîâ Ã.Ë., Êîìàðåíêî
Å.Þ. Êâàçèàíàëîãîâûå ìíîãîêðèòåðèàëüíûå ìîäåëè îïòèìèçàöèè
äèíàìè÷åñêèõ ïðîöåññîâ // Ýëåêòð. ìîäåë., - 1996, 18, ¹1.-Ñ. 3-9.
15. Áàõâàëîâ Í.Ñ., Æèäêîâ Í.Ï., Êîáåëüêîâ Ã.Ì. ×èñëåííûå ìåòîäû.- Ì.:
Íàóêà, 1987.-600 ñ.
16. Áåéêî È.Â., Áóáëèê Á.Í., Çèíüêî Ï.Í. Ìåòîäû è àëãîðèòìû ðåøåíèÿ
çàäà÷ îïòèìèçàöèè.- Êèåâ: Âèùà øêîëà, 1983.- 512ñ.
17. Áåêëåìèøåâ Ä.Â. Äîïîëíèòåëüíûå ãëàâû ëèíåéíîé àëãåáðû. – Ì.:
Íàóêà , 1983. – 335ñ.
18. Áåëëìàí Ð., Êàëàáà Ð. Êâàçèëèíåàðèçàöèÿ è íåëèíåéíûå êðàåâûå
çàäà÷è. -Ì.: Ìèð, 1968.- 183 ñ.
19. Áåðåçíåâ Â.À., Êàðìàíîâ Â.Ã., Òðåòüÿêîâ À.À. Î âûáîðå ïàðàìåòðîâ â
ìåòîäå øòðàôíûõ ôóíêöèé //ÆÂÌ è ÌÔ, 1987, ¹10.-Ñ. 1451-1461.
20. Áåðåçíåâ Â.À., Êàðìàíîâ Â.Ã., Òðåòüÿêîâ À.À. Î ñòàáèëèçèðóþùèõ
ñâîéñòâàõ ãðàäèåíòíîãî ìåòîäà //ÆÂÌ è ÌÔ, 1986, ¹1.-Ñ. 134-137.
21. Áåðòñåêàñ Ä. Óñëîâíàÿ îïòèìèçàöèÿ è ìåòîäû ìíîæèòåëåé Ëàãðàíæà.
- Ì.: Ðàäèî è ñâÿçü, 1987.-400 ñ.
22. Áëèññ Ã.À. Ëåêöèè ïî âàðèàöèîííîìó èñ÷èñëåíèþ. – Ì.: Èçä.-âî ÈË,
1950. – 347ñ.
23. Áîãëàåâ Þ.Ï. Âû÷èñëèòåëüíàÿ ìàòåìàòèêà è ïðîãðàììèðîâàíèå .- Ì.:
Âûñø. øêîëà, 1990.-544 ñ.
24. Áðàéñîí À., Õî Þ-Øè. Ïðèêëàäíàÿ òåîðèÿ îïòèìàëüíîãî óïðàâëåíèÿ.
- Ì.: Ìèð, 1972.-544 ñ.
- 195 -
25. Âàãíåð Ã. Îñíîâû èññëåäîâàíèÿ îïåðàöèé. Ò.2. – Ì.: Ìèð, 1973.-
488ñ.
26. Âåíåö Â.È. Óñòîé÷èâîñòü íåïðåðûâíûõ ñóáãðàäèåíòíûõ àëãîðèòìîâ
//ÀèÒ, 1983, ¹1.-Ñ. 26-33.
27. Âèòåíáåðã È.Ì., Ëåâèí Ì.Ã., Øîð È.ß. Ïðîãðàììèðîâàíèå àíàëîãî-
öèôðîâûõ âû÷èñëèòåëüíûõ ñèñòåì. Ñïðàâî÷íèê. -Ì.: Ðàäèî è ñâÿçü,
1989. –286 ñ.
28. Âîåâîäèí Â.Â. Ìàòåìàòè÷åñêèå ìîäåëè è ìåòîäû â ïàðàëëåëüíûõ
ïðîöåññàõ. - Ì.: Íàóêà, 1986. –293 ñ.
29. Âîëêîâ Â.À. ×èñëåííûå ìåòîäû.- Ì.: Íàóêà, 1982. -254 ñ.
30. Âîðîíèí À.Í. Î ïðèáëèæåííîì ðåøåíèè ìíîãîêðèòåðèàëüíûõ çàäà÷
óïðàâëåíèÿ// Èçâ. ÀÍ ÑÑÑÐ. Òåõí. êèáåðíåòèêà.–1989, ¹1.-Ñ. 46-53.
31. Ãàíòìàõåð Ô.Ð. Òåîðèÿ ìàòðèö.- Ì.: Íàóêà, 1967.- 575 ñ.
32. Ãèëë Ô., Ìþððåé Ó., Ðàéò Ì. Ïðàêòè÷åñêàÿ îïòèìèçàöèÿ.- Ì.: Ìèð,
1985.-509 ñ.
33. Ãèùàê Ê. È., Øèõóòñêèé À.Ë. Ïóòè ïîâûøåíèÿ ýôôåêòèâíîñòè
ãðàäèåíòíûõ ìåòîäîâ â ãèáðèäíûõ ìîäåëÿõ /Òåç. äîêë. Âñåñîþçí.
íàó÷íî-òåõí. êîíô. “Ìàòåìàòè÷åñêîå ìîäåëèðîâàíèå â ýíåðãåòèêå”.-
Êèåâ, 1990, ÷. 2. - Ñ. 27-28.
34. Ãîëüøòåéí Å.Ã., Áîðèñîâà Ý.Ï., Äóáñîí Ì.Ñ. Äèàëîãîâàÿ ñèñòåìà
àíàëèçà ìíîãîêðèòåðèàëüíûõ çàäà÷ //Ýêîíîìèêà è ìàòåìàòè÷åñêèå
ìåòîäû. 1990, ò. 26. Âûï. 4. – Ñ. 689-709.
35. Ãîðâèö Ã.Ã. Êîìáèíèðîâàííûå ãðàäèåíòíûå àëãîðèòìû ìèíèìèçàöèè
îâðàæíûõ ôóíêöèé äëÿ çàäà÷ óïðàâëåíèÿ è èäåíòèôèêàöèè //ÀèÒ,
1985, ¹5. - Ñ. 42-48.
36. Ãðåçäîâ Ã.È. Òåîðèÿ è ïðèìåíåíèå ãèáðèäíûõ ìîäåëåé. – Êèåâ,
Íàóê. äóìêà, 1975. –279 Ñ.
37. Ãðåçäîâ Ã.È., Ñèìîíÿí Ñ.Î. Äèôôåðåíöèàëüíûå ýêñòðåìàëüíûå
ìîäåëè èçîïåðèìåòðè÷åñêèõ âàðèàöèîííûõ çàäà÷ // Ýëåêòðîí.
ìîäåëèðîâàíèå.- 1993. ¹5, -Ñ. 13-25.
- 196 -
38. Ãðåçäîâ Ã.È., Ñèìîíÿí Ñ.Î., Àäàìÿí Ã.Â. Ê ïîñòðîåíèþ íåêîòîðûõ
àëãîðèòìîâ ðåøåíèÿ îäíîãî êëàññà äèíàìè÷åñêèõ ýêñòðåìàëüíûõ
çàäà÷ // Ýëåêòðîí. ìîäåëèðîâàíèå.- 1992. ¹2, -Ñ. 16-24.
39. Ãðåçäîâ Ã.È., Ñèìîíÿí Ñ.Î., Àäàìÿí Ã.Â., ×èëèíãàðÿí Ì.Ã. Ê
ïîñòðîåíèþ íåêîòîðûõ àëãîðèòìîâ ðåøåíèÿ îäíîãî êëàññà çàäà÷
ìàòåìàòè÷åñêîãî ïðîãðàììèðîâàíèÿ // Ýëåêòðîí. ìîäåëèðîâàíèå.-
1990. ¹4, -Ñ. 16-24.
40. Ãðåçäîâ Ã.È., Ñèìîíÿí Ñ.Î., Õà÷àòðÿí Ô.Ñ., ×èëèíãàðÿí Ì.Ã.,
Øèõóòñêèé À.Ë. Óñòðîéñòâî äëÿ ðåøåíèÿ ñèñòåì äèôôåðåíöèàëüíûõ
óðàâíåíèé // À.Ñ. 1654844 (CCCÐ). Çàÿâë. 16.10.87., ¹4336512.
Îïóáë. â ÁÈ è Î 08.02.91.
41. Ãðåçäîâ Ã.È., Ñèìîíÿí Ñ.Î., ×èëèíãàðÿí Ì.Ã., Øèõóòñêèé À.Ë.
Óñòðîéñòâî äëÿ ðåøåíèÿ ñèñòåì äèôôåðåíöèàëüíûõ óðàâíåíèé //
À.Ñ. 1476502 (CCCÐ). Çàÿâë. 16.10.86., ¹4317673. Îïóáë. â ÁÈ è Î.
03.01.89.
42. Ãðîññìàí Ê., Êàïëàí À.À. Íåëèíåéíîå ïðîãðàììèðîâàíèå íà îñíîâå
áåçóñëîâíîé ìèíèìèçàöèè. – Íîâîñèáèðñê: Íàóêà (Ñèá. îòäåë.),
1981. -183ñ.
43. Äàíèëèí Þ. Ì. Ìåòîäû ãðàäèåíòíîãî òèïà äëÿ ìèíèìèçàöèè
íåãëàäêèõ øòðàôíûõ ôóíêöèé //Êèáåðíåòèêà, 1988, ¹4.–Ñ. 104-114.
44. Äåìüÿíîâ Â.Ô., Âàñèëüåâ Ë.Â. Íåäèôôåðåíöèðóåìàÿ îïòèìèçàöèÿ.-
Ì.: Íàóêà, 1981-384 ñ.
45. Äåðçêèé Â.Ã. Ìíîãîöåëåâàÿ îïòèìèçàöèÿ ðåæèìîâ ýíåðãîñèñòåì.
–Êèåâ: Íàóê. äóìêà, 1992. –144 ñ.
46. Äîðîôååâ Ï.À. Î íåêîòîðûõ ñâîéñòâàõ ìåòîäà îáîáùåííîãî
ãðàäèåíòà //ÆÂÌ è ÌÔ, 1985, ¹2. - Ñ. 181-189.
47. Äóáîâ Þ.À., Òðàâêèí Ñ.È., ßêèìåö Â.Í. Ìíîãîêðèòåðèàëüíûå ìîäåëè
ôîðìèðîâàíèÿ è âûáîðà âàðèàíòîâ ñèñòåì. - Ì.: Íàóêà, 1986. – 294ñ.
- 197 -
48. Äýííèñ Äæ., Øíàáåëü Ð. ×èñëåííûå ìåòîäû áåçóñëîâíîé îïòèìè-
çàöèè è ðåøåíèÿ íåëèíåéíûõ óðàâíåíèé.-Ì.: Ìèð, 1988 .- 440ñ.
49. Åâòóøåíêî Þ.Ã. Ìåòîäû ðåøåíèÿ ýêñòðåìàëüíûõ çàäà÷ è èõ ïðèìå-
íåíèå â ñèñòåìàõ îïòèìèçàöèè. – Ì.: Íàóêà, 1982. -432ñ.
50. Èðèêîâ Â.À., Ëàðèí Â.ß., Ñàìóùåíêî Ë.Ì. Àëãîðèòìû è ïðîãðàììû
ðåøåíèÿ ïðèêëàäíûõ ìíîãîêðèòåðèàëüíûõ çàäà÷ //Èçâ. ÀÍ ÑÑÑÐ.
Òåõíè÷åñêàÿ êèáåðíåòèêà, 1986, ¹1. - Ñ. 5-16.
51. Êàðìàíîâ Â.Ã. Ìàòåìàòè÷åñêîå ïðîãðàììèðîâàíèå. - Ì.: Íàóêà, 1986.-
286 ñ.
52. Êàòêîâíèê Â.ß. Øèìåëåâè÷ Ë.È. Îá îäíîì êëàññå ýâðèñòè÷åñêèõ
ìåòîäîâ ðåøåíèÿ çàäà÷ ÷àñòè÷íî öåëî÷èñëåííîãî ïðîãðàììèðîâàíèÿ
// Èçâ. ÀÍ ÑÑÑÐ. Òåõíè÷åñêàÿ êèáåðíåòèêà, 1972, ¹3. - Ñ. 25-28.
53. Êèíè Ð.Ë., Ðàéôà Õ. Ïðèíÿòèå ðåøåíèé ïðè ìíîãèõ êðèòåðèÿõ: ïðåä-
ïî÷òåíèÿ è çàìåùåíèÿ. - Ì.: Ðàäèî è ñâÿçü. 1981.-560 ñ.
54. Êëàðê Ô. Îïòèìèçàöèÿ è íåãëàäêèé àíàëèç. - Ì.: Íàóêà, 1988.-280ñ.
55. Êëèð Äæ. Ñèñòåìîëîãèÿ. Àâòîìàòèçàöèÿ ñèñòåìíûõ çàäà÷. -Ì: Ðàäèî
è ñâÿçü. 1990. –538 ñ.
56. Êîçåðàöêàÿ Ë.Í., Ëåáåäüåâà Ò.Ò., Ñåðãèåíêî Ò.È. Âîïðîñû ïàðà-
ìåòðè÷åñêîãî èññëåäîâàíèÿ óñòîé÷èâîñòè ìíîãîêðèòåðèàëüíûõ çàäà÷
öåëî÷èñëåííîãî ëèíåéíîãî ïðîãðàììèðîâàíèÿ //Êèáåðíåòèêà, 1988,
¹2. -Ñ. 41-44.
57. Êîôìàí À. Ââåäåíèå â ïðèêëàäíóþ êîìáèíàòîðèêó. – Ì.: Íàóêà,
1975. – 479 ñ.
58. Êîôìàí À., Àíðè –Ëàáîðäåð À. Ìåòîäû è ìîäåëè èññëåäîâàíèÿ
îïåðàöèé. Öåëî÷èñëåííîå ïðîãðàììèðîâàíèå. -Ì.: Ìèð, 1977. – 432ñ.
- 198 -
59. Êîøà Â. Âàðèàöèîííîå èñ÷èñëåíèå. -Ì.: Âûñøàÿ øêîëà. 1983. – 279ñ.
60. Êðûëîâ Â.Í., Áîáêîâ Â.Â., Ìîíàñòûðíûé Ï.Í. Âû÷èñëèòåëüíûå ìå-
òîäû âûñøåé ìàòåìàòèêè. Ò.1 – Ìèíñê. Âûøýéøàÿ øêîëà, 1972. –
584ñ.
61. Êóðîø À.Ã. Êóðñ âûñøåé àëãåáðû. – Ì.: Íàóêà, 1975. - 431ñ.
62. Ëèñòðîâîé Ñ.Â. Ïàðàëëåëüíûé àëãîðèòì äëÿ ðåøåíèÿ çàäà÷è ëèíåé-
íîãî ïðîãðàììèðîâàíèÿ ñ áóëåâûìè ïåðåìåííûìè //Ýëåêòðîííîå
ìîäåëèðîâàíèå - 1991, ¹3. -Ñ. 24-32.
63. Ìàòóñîâ È.Á., Ñòàòíèêîâ Ð.Á. Àïïðîêñèìàöèÿ è âåêòîðíàÿ îïòèìè-
çàöèÿ áîëüøèõ ñèñòåì //Äîêëàäû ÀÍ ÑÑÑÐ, 1987, ò. 296, ¹3.-Ñ. 532-
536.
64. Ìåðêóðüåâ Â.Â., Ìîëäàâñêèé Ì.À. Ñåìåéñòâî ñâåðòîê âåêòîðíîãî
êðèòåðèÿ äëÿ íàõîæäåíèÿ òî÷åê ìíîæåñòâà Ïàðåòî //À è Ò. 1979, ¹1.
- Ñ. 48-56.
65. Ìèíó Ì. Ìàòåìàòè÷åñêîå ïðîãðàììèðîâàíèå. – Ì.: Íàóêà, 1990. –
488 ñ.
66. Ìèõàëåâè÷ Ì.Â. Àëãîðèòìû ðåøåíèÿ îïòèìèçàöèîííûõ çàäà÷ íà
îòíîøåíèÿõ ïðåäïî÷òåíèé. //Àâòîð. äèññ. ... ä.ò.í.- Êèåâ, Ãîñó-
äàðñòâåííûé óíèâåðñèòåò, 1990. –29 ñ.
67. Ìîèñååâ Í.Í. Ìàòåìàòè÷åñêèå çàäà÷è ñèñòåìíîãî àíàëèçà. – Ì.:
Íàóêà, 1981. –487 ñ.
68. Ìîðäóõîâè÷ Á.Ø. Ìåòîäû àïïðîêñèìàöèé â çàäà÷àõ îïòèìèçàöèè è
óïðàâëåíèÿ. – Ì.: Íàóêà, 1988. –359 ñ.
69. Íèêîëàåâ Â.È., Áðóê Â.Ì. Ñèñòåìîòåõíèêà: ìåòîäû è ïðèëîæåíèÿ. Ë.:
Ìàøèíîñòîðåíèå, 1985. –199 ñ.
70. Íîðêèí Â.È. Îá óñòîé÷èâîñòè ìåòîäà îáîáùåííîãî ãðàäèåíòíîãî
ñïóñêà // Êèáåðíåòèêà, 1985, ¹4. – Ñ. 65-72.
71. Íóðìèíñêèé Å.À. ×èñëåííûå ìåòîäû âûïóêëîé îïòèìèçàöèè. – Ì.:
Íàóêà, 1991. – 165ñ.
72. Îðòåãà Äæ. Ââåäåíèå â ïàðàëëåëüíûå è âåêòîðíûå ìåòîäû ðåøåíèÿ
- 199 -
ëèíåéíûõ ñèñòåì. – Ì.: Ìèð, 1991. – 367ñ.
73. Îðòåãà Äæ., Ðåéíáîëäò Â. Èòåðàöèîííûå ìåòîäû ðåøåíèÿ íåëè-
íåéíûõ ñèñòåì óðàâíåíèé ñî ìíîãèìè íåèçâåñòíûìè. - Ì.: Ìèð,
1975. – 560ñ.
74. Ïàïàäèìèòðèó Õ., Ñòàéãëèö Ê. Êîìáèíàòîðíàÿ îïòèìèçàöèÿ.
Àëãîðèòìû è ñëîæíîñòü. – Ì.: Ìèð, 1985. –510 ñ.
75. Ïèóíîâñêèé À.Á. Ìíîãîêðèòåðèàëüíàÿ ìîäåëü îïòèìàëüíîãî óïðàâ-
ëåíèÿ ñòîõàñòè÷åñêîé ëèíåéíîé ñèñòåìîé // À è Ò. –1996, ¹6. -Ñ.
76-89.
76. Ïîä ðåä. Äåìüÿíîâà Â.Ô. Íåãëàäêèå çàäà÷è òåîðèè îïòèìèçàöèè è
óïðàâëåíèÿ. –Ë.: Èçä-âî Ëåíèíãð. óíèâåðñèòåòà, 1982. –322 ñ.
77. Ïîä ðåä. Ýëüñòåðà Ê.Õ. Ââåäåíèå â íåëèíåéíîå ïðîãðàììèðîâàíèå.
–Ì.: Íàóêà, 1985. –263 ñ.
78. Ïîëèùóê Ë.È. Àíàëèç ìíîãîêðèòåðèàëüíûõ ýêîíîìèêî-ìàòåìàòè-
÷åñêèõ ìîäåëåé. - Íîâîñèáèðñê: Íàóêà (Ñèáèðñêîå îòäåëåíèå), 1989.
–352 ñ.
79. Ïîíòðÿãèí Ë.Ñ., Áîëòÿíñêèé Â.Ã., Ãàìêðåëèäçå Ð.Â., Ìèùåíêî Å.Ô.
Ìàòåìàòè÷åñêàÿ òåîðèÿ îïòèìàëüíûõ ïðîöåññîâ. –Ì.: Íàóêà, 1983.–
392ñ.
80. Ðàñòðèãèí Ë.À., Ýéäóê ß.Þ. Àäàïòèâíûå ìåòîäû ìíîãîêðèòåðèàëüíîé
îïòèìèçàöèè //À è Ò, 1985, ¹1. - Ñ. 5-26.
81. Ðåéíãîëüäò Ý. , Íèâåðãåëüò Þ., Äåî Í. Êîìáèíàòîðíûå àëãîðèòìû.
Òåîðèÿ è ïðàêòèêà. – Ì.: Ìèð, 1980. – 476ñ.
82. Ðåêëåéòèñ Ã., Ðåéâèíäðàí À., Ðåêñäåë Ê. Îïòèìèçàöèÿ â òåõíèêå. Ì.:
Ìèð, 1986. –320 ñ.
83. Ðèîðäàí Äæ. Ââåäåíèå â êîìáèíàòîðíûé àíàëèç. –Ì.: ÈË, 1963. –
287ñ.
84. Ðûáàøîâ Ì.Â., Äóäíèêîâ Å.Å. Ãðàäèåíòíûå ìåòîäû ðåøåíèÿ ëèíåé-
íûõ ðàâåíñòâ, íåðàâåíñòâ è çàäà÷ ëèíåéíîãî ïðîãðàììèðîâàíèÿ íà
ÀÂÌ. –Ì.: Ñîâ. ðàäèî, 1970. –143 ñ.
85. Ñààòè Ò. Öåëî÷èñëåííûå ìåòîäû îïòèìèçàöèè è ñâÿçàííûå ñ íèìè
- 200 -
ýêñòðåìàëüíûå ïðîáëåìû. – Ì.: Ìèð, 1973. – 302ñ.
86. Ñàëóêâàäçå Ì.Å. Çàäà÷è âåêòîðíîé îïòèìèçàöèè â òåîðèè óïðàâ-
ëåíèÿ. -Òáèëèñè: Ìåöíèåðåáà, 1975. –201 ñ.
87. Ñàìàðñêèé À.À. Ââåäåíèå â ÷èñëåííûå ìåòîäû. – Ì.: Íàóêà, 1982. –
271 ñ.
88. Ñåðãèåíêî È.Â. Ìàòåìàòè÷åñêèå ìîäåëè è ìåòîäû ðåøåíèÿ çàäà÷
äèñêðåòíîé îïòèìèçàöèè. –Êèåâ: Íàóê. äóìêà, 1988. –471 ñ.
89. Ñèìîíÿí Î.Ñ. Óïðàâëåíèå óðîâíåì âûáðîñîâ óãëåêèñëîãî ãàçà íà
îñíîâå ðàçðàáîòêè ìàêðîýêîíîìè÷åñêèõ ìîäåëåé //Àâòîðåô. äèññ. ...
ê.ò.í. Åðåâàí, 2003. –47 ñ.
90. Ñèìîíÿí O.Ñ., Ãþçàëÿí Í.Ã. ÏÏÏ ñêîðîñòíûõ ñóáãðàäèåíòíûõ ìî-
äåëåé ìíîãîêðèòåðèàëüíûõ îïòèìèçàöèîííûõ çàäà÷ //Ñá. ìàòåðèàëîâ
“Ãîäè÷íàÿ íàó÷íàÿ êîíôåðåíöèÿ ÃÈÓÀ”, Åðåâàí, 1999. -Ñ. 158-160.
91. Ñèìîíÿí Ñ., Àâåòèñÿí À., Ãþçàëÿí Í. Ïàðàëëåëèïèïåäíûå îãðàíè-
÷åíèÿ è èõ íåãëàäêèå ýêâèâàëåíòû â çàäà÷àõ îïòèìèçàöèè // Ñá. ìà-
òåðèàëîâ “Ãîäè÷àÿ íàó÷íàÿ êîíôåðåíöèÿ ÃÈÓÀ”. Åðåâàí, 2000. -Ñ.
335-336.
92. Ñèìîíÿí Ñ., Àâåòèñÿí À.Ã, Ãþçàëÿí Í.Ã. Ñêîðîñòíûå ñóáãðàäèåíòíûå
ìîäåëè ìíîãîêðèòåðèàëüíûõ îïòèìèçàöèîííûõ çàäà÷ // Ñá. ìàòå-
ðèàëîâ “Ãîäè÷àÿ íàó÷íàÿ êîíôåðåíöèÿ ÃÈÓÀ”. Åðåâàí, 1998. -Ñ. 172.
93. Ñèìîíÿí Ñ.Î., Àâåòèñÿí À.Ã., Ñèìîíÿí Î.Ñ., Ãþçàëÿí Í.Ã. Ñêîðîñò-
íûå ñóáãðàäèåíòíûå ìîäåëè ìíîãîêðèòåðèàëüíûõ äèíàìè÷åñêèõ
îïòèìèçàöèîííûõ çàäà÷ // Ñá. íàó÷íûõ òðóäîâ “Ìîäåëèðîâàíèå,
îïòèìèçàöèÿ, óïðàâëåíèå”. Âûï. 3, Åðåâàí, ÃÈÓÀ, 2000. -Ñ. 182-195.
94. Ñèìîíÿí Ñ.Î., Ãþçàëÿí Í.Ã. Äèôôåðåíöèàëüíàÿ ñóáãðàäèåíòíàÿ ìî-
äåëü îäíîãî êëàññà çàäà÷ îïòèìàëüíîãî óïðàâëåíèÿ // Ñá. íàó÷. òð.
“Ìîäåëèðîâàíèå, îïòèìèçàöèÿ, óïðàâëåíèå”. Âûï. 1, Åðåâàí, ÃÈÓÀ,
- 201 -
1998. -Ñ. 79-84.
95. Ñèìîíÿí Ñ.Î. Îñíîâû ñèíòåçà ñïåöèàëèçèðîâàííûõ âû÷èñëèòåëåé
äèíàìè÷åñêòèõ çàäà÷ íåëèíåéíîãî ïðîãðàììèðîâàíèÿ //Àâòîðåô.
äèññ. ... ä.ò.í. Åðåâàí, 1993. –47 ñ.
96. Ñóõàðåâ À.Ã., Òèìîíîâ À.Â., Ôåäîðîâ Â.Â. Êóðñ ìåòîäîâ îïòèìèçàöèè.
– Ì.: Íàóêà, 1986. - 326 ñ.
97. Ñèðàçåòäèíîâ Ò.Ê. Ìåòîäû ðåøåíèÿ ìíîãîêðèòåðèàëüíûõ çàäà÷ ñèí-
òåçà òåõíè÷åñêèõ ñèñòåì. – Ì.: Ìàøèíîñòðåíèå, 1988. –158 ñ.
98. Òàíàåâ Â.Ñ. Äåêîìïîçèöèÿ è àãðåãèðîâàíèå â çàäà÷àõ ìàòåìàòè-
÷åñêîãî ïðîãðàììèðîâàíèÿ. –Ìèíñê: Íàóêà è òåõíèêà, 1987. –183 ñ.
99. Òàõà Õ. Ââåäåíèå â èññëåäîâàíèå îïåðàöèé (â 3-õ òîìàõ). -Ì.: Ìèð,
1985, ò. 1 - 479ñ., ò. 2 - 496ñ.
100. Òðîôèìîâ À.È., Åãóïîâ Í.Ä., Äìèòðèåâ À.Í. Ìåòîäû òåîðèè àâòî-
ìàòè÷åñêîãî óïðàâëåíèÿ, îðèåíòèðîâàííûå íà ïðèìåíåíèå ÝÂÌ. Ì.:
Ýíåðãîàòîìèçäàò, 1997. – 656 ñ.
101. Òðóõàåâ Ð.È., Õîìåíþê Â.Â. Òåîðèÿ íåêëàññè÷åñêèõ âàðèàöèîííûõ
çàäà÷. –Ë.: Èçä-âî Ëåíèíãðàäñêîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà, 1971. –168 ñ.
102. Ôîðñàéò Äæ., Ìàëüêîëüì Ì., Ìîóëåð Ê. Ìàøèííûå ìåòîäû
ìàòåìàòè÷åñêèõ âû÷èñëåíèé. Ì.: Ìèð, 1980. – 280 ñ.
103. Õàäâèãåð Ã., Äåáðóííåð Ã. Êîìáèíàòîðíàÿ ãåîìåòðèÿ ïëîñêîñòè. -Ì.:
Íàóêà, 1965. – 171ñ.
104. Õîõëþê Â.È. Ïàðàëëåëüíûå àëãîðèòìû öåëî÷èñëåííîé îïòèìèçàöèè.
–Ì.: Ðàäèî è ñâÿçü, 1987. –223 ñ.
105. Öèðëèí À.Ì. Îïòèìàëüíîå óïðàâëåíèå òåõíîëîãè÷åñêèõ ïðîöåññîâ. -
Ì.: Ýíåðãîàòîìèçäàò, 1986. – 400ñ.
106. Öëàô Ë.ß. Âàðèàöèîííîå èñ÷èñëåíèå. – Ì.: Íàóêà , 1966. -176ñ.
107. ×èëèíãàðÿí Ì.Ã. Îðãàíèçàöèÿ âû÷èñëèòåëüíûõ ïðîöåññîâ îïòèìè-
çàöèè è èõ àïïàðàòíàÿ ðåàëèçàöèÿ /Àâòîðåô. äèññ. ... ê.ò.í., Åðåâàí,
- 202 -
1991. –19 ñ.
108. Øèõóòñêèé À.Ë. Àïïàðàòíàÿ ïîääåðæêà ãðàäèåíòíûõ àëãîðèòìîâ
ñïóñêà â ãèáðèäíûõ ýêñòðåìàëüíûõ ìîäåëÿõ /Àâòîðåô. äèññ. ... ê.ò.í.,
Êèåâ, 1991. –16 ñ.
109. Øîð Í.Ç., Ñòåöåíêî Ñ.È. Êâàäðàòè÷íûå ýêñòðåìàëüíûå çàäà÷è è íå-
äèôôåðåíöèðóåìàÿ îïòèìèçàöèÿ.–Êèåâ: Íàóê. äóìêà, 1989. - 203 ñ.
110. Øòîåð Ð. Ìíîãîêðèòåðèàëüíàÿ îïòèìèçàöèÿ. Òåîðèÿ, âû÷èñëåíèÿ è
ïðèëîæåíèÿ Ì.: Ðàäèî è ñâÿçü, 1992. –504 ñ.
111. Øóøêîâ Â.È., Ïîòåêîâ Â.Í. Ðàñøèðåíèå îáëàñòè ðàáîòîñïîñîáíîñòè
ïðè íàëè÷èè äâóõ êðèòåðèåâ //Âîëãîãð. ãîñ. òåõí. Âîëãîãðàä. 1998. –5
ñ Äåï. â ÂÍÈÈÒÈ, 15.4.98. - ¹1127-1398.
112. Ùåãëîâ À.Þ. Ìåòîäû âåêòîðíîé îïòèìèçàöèè ñëîæíûõ ïîäñèñòåì
èíôîðìàöèîííî-âû÷èñëèòåëüíûõ ñåòåé //Àâòîìàòèêà è âû÷èñëè-
òåëüíàÿ òåõíèêà, 1988, ¹5, -Ñ. 14-19.
113. Bhatia Davinder, Kumar Promila. On Multiobjective Fractional Control
Problem //Asia-Pasif. I., Oper. Res. – 1996. v. 13, ¹2, p. 115-132.
114. Chilali Mahmond, Gahinet Pascal, Scherer Carsten. Multiobjective
output-feedback control via LMI Optimization //IFAC 96: 13th World
Congr. IFAC (Int. Fed. Antoni, Conf.). San Francisco, Calif., June 30 -
July 5. 1996: Prepr. vol D. 1996. - p. 249-254.
115. Cryzak Piotr, Slowinski Roman. Passifilistic construction of fuzzy
outranking relation for multiple criteria ranking // Fuzzy Sets and Sist.-
1996.-81, ¹1, p. 123-131.
116. Fonseca Carlos M., Fleming Peter I. Nonlinear system identification with
multi-objective genetic algoritms “IFAC” 96: 13th World Congr, IFAC.
San Francisco. Calif. June 30-July 5. 1996. Prepr. vol. C. 1996.- p. 187-192.
- 203 -
117. Graven B.D. Multicriterial Optimal Control // Asia- Pasif. I Oper. Res.-
1999, v. 16, ¹1. - p 53-62.
118. Kundu Sourav, Kawata Seiichi, Watanabe Atsushi. A multicriterial
approach to control system design with genetic algorithm // IFAC’ 96:
13th World Congr. IFAC (Int. Fed. Autom. Contr.) San Francisco, Calif.
June 30- July 5. 1996. Prepr. vol. D.-1996.- C. 315-320.
119. Sakawa Masatoshi, Inuiguchi Misahiro, Kato Kosuka, Ireola Tomohiro. A
fuzzy satisfising method for multiobjective linear Optimal Control
problems // Fuzzy Sets and Syst.-1996. -78, ¹2, p. 223-229.
120. Simonyan S.H., Avetisyan A.G. Effective Aggregation “Fast” Models of
Solving Pseudo-Boolean Problems of Mathematical Programming // The
Problems of the Efficiency Omprovments of the Control Systems of
Technological Processes. Armenian National Commitee of Automatic
Control. Vol. 3, Yerevan, 1992. –p. 33-42.
121. Simonyan S.H., Avetisyan A.G. Jordanian Reduction of Finite Systems of
the Effective Method of their Solution // The Problems of the Efficiency
Improvments of the Control Systems of Technological Processes.
Armenian National Commitee of Automatic Control. Vol. 3, Yerevan,
1992. –p. 14-24.
122. Simonyan S.H., Avetisyan A.G. The Parallel Globally-Convergent Method
of Defining Actual Roots of Algebraic Polinomyals // The Problems of the
Efficiency Improvments of the Control Systems of Technological
Processes. Armenian National Commitee of Automatic Control. Vol. 3,
Yerevan, 1992. –p. 25-32.
123. Simonyan S.H., Avetisyan A.G. The Procedures for the Solution of Finite
Systms of Non-linear Equations dased on Computational Schemes of
Linear Algebra //International Conference on “Application of Critical
- 204 -
Technologies for the Need’s of Society”. Yerevan, 1995.
124. Stoustrup Jakob, Neimann Henrik. Multiobjective control for multi-
variable system with mixed –sensitivity spetifications / Int.J. Contr. –
1997.-66, ¹2, p. 225-243.
125. 15th International Conference on Multiple Criteria Decision Making, Juli
10-14, 2000. Ankara.- p. 187.
- 205 -
ê²ð¶Æê ÐàìÐ²ÜÜºêÆ êÆØàÜÚ²Ü – ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý ·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ
¹áÏïáñ (1993Ã.), åñáý»ëáñ (1995Ã.), ÐÖ² ³Ï³¹»ÙÇÏáë (2003Ã.), ÐäÖÐ
ÎÇµ»éÝ»ïÇÏ³ÛÇ ¹»å³ñï³Ù»ÝïÇ §î»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ
ÇÝýáñÙ³óÇáÝ ³å³ÑáíáõÙ¦ ³ÙµÇáÝÇ í³ñÇã (1995Ã.):
¶Çï³Ï³Ý Ñ»ï³½áïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ÝíÇñí³Í »Ý`
- Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý ¨ ³íïáÙ³ï³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ, Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·³ÛÇÝ
í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ áã ·Í³ÛÇÝ Íñ³·ñ³íáñÙ³Ý ¹ÇÝ³ÙÇÏ³Ï³Ý ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÇ
ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝ³í»ï ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ` Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÇ, Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÇ,
³É·áñÇÃÙÝ»ñÇ, ÏÇñ³é³Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñ»ñÇ ÷³Ã»ÃÝ»ñÇ ëï»ÕÍÙ³ÝÁ,
Íñ³·ñ³íáñíáÕ ×³ñï³ñ³å»ïáõÃÛ³Ùµ µ³½Ù³åñáó»ëáñ³ÛÇÝ
Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ ï»ëùáí Ù³ëÝ³·Çï³óí³Í Ñ³ßíÇãÝ»ñÇ ëÇÝÃ»½Ù³Ý
ÑÇÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇ Ùß³ÏÙ³ÝÁ,
- Ýáñ ÑÇÙÝ³ñ³ñ ·Çï³Ï³Ý áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ý` ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ó¨³÷áËáõÃÛáõÝ-
Ý»ñÇ ï»ë³Ï³Ý ¨ ·áñÍÝ³Ï³Ý ÑÇÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï³·³ ½³ñ·³óÙ³ÝÁ¨
Ýñ³Ýó Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ÑÝ³ñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÁÝ¹É³ÛÝÙ³ÝÁ:
Ð»ÕÇÝ³Ï ¿ 130 ·Çï³Ï³Ý ³ßË³ï³ÝùÝ»ñÇ, áñáÝó ÃíáõÙ` 4
Ù»Ý³·ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ 30 áõëáõÙÝ³-Ù»Ãá¹³Ï³Ý ³ßË³ï³ÝùÝ»ñÇ, áñáÝó ÃíáõÙ` 1
¹³ë³·ñùÇ, 11 áõëáõÙÝ³Ï³Ý Ó»éÝ³ñÏÇ:
ÐÇÙÝ³¹ñ»É ¿ (1996Ã.) Вестник ГИУА, Серия “Моделирование, оптимизация,
управление” Ëáñ³·ÇñÁ ÏñáÕ ·Çï³Ï³Ý ³ßË³ï³ÝùÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ý¹»ëÁ, ¨ ÙÇÝã¨
³ÛÅÙ Õ»Ï³í³ñáõÙ ¿ Ýñ³ Ññ³ï³ñ³ÏÙ³Ý ³ßË³ï³ÝùÝ»ñÁ áñå»ë ·ÉË³íáñ
ËÙµ³·Çñ:
Ð³Ý¹Çë³ÝáõÙ ¿ ÐÐ ¶²² ¨ ÐäÖÐ ï»Õ»Ï³·ñÇ (ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý
·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ë»ñÇ³) ËÙµ³·ñ³Ï³Ý ËáñÑñ¹Ç ³Ý¹³Ù , ÐÖ² Éñ³µ»ñÇ
§Î³é³í³ñáõÙ ¨ ³íïáÙ³ï³óáõÙ¦ µ³ÅÝÇ Õ»Ï³í³ñ, ÐÐ Î¨¶ Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý
î»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý ·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÷áñÓ³·Çï³Ï³Ý Ñ³ÝÓÝ³ÅáÕáíÇ ³Ý¹³Ù,
¹áÏïáñ³Ï³Ý ¨ Ã»ÏÝ³Íáõ³Ï³Ý ³ï»Ý³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ å³ßïå³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý
Ø³ëÝ³·Çï³Ï³Ý ËáñÑñ¹Ç ³Ý¹³Ù:
²ðØÆÜº ¶ºìàð¶Æ ²ìºîÆêÚ²Ü – ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý ·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ

Ã»ÏÝ³Íáõ (1997Ã.), ÐäÖÐ ÎÇµ»éÝ»ïÇÏ³ÛÇ ¹»å³ñï³Ù»ÝïÇ §î»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý
Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ ÇÝýáñÙ³óÇáÝ ³å³ÑáíáõÙ¦ ³ÙµÇáÝÇ ¹áó»Ýï (1999Ã.), ÐÖ²
³Ï³¹»ÙÇ³Ï³Ý ËáñÑñ¹³Ï³Ý (2003Ã.):
¶Çï³Ï³Ý Ñ»ï³½áïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ßãç³Ý³ÏÝ»ñÝ »Ý ³íïáÙ³ï³óÙ³Ý
Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·»ñÁ, Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·³ÛÇÝ í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É
Ó¨³÷áËáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, Íñ³·ñ³íáñáõÙÁ:
Ð»ÕÇÝ³Ï ¿ 40 ·Çï³Ï³Ý ³ßË³ï³ÝùÝ»ñÇ, áñáÝó ÃíáõÙ` 2 áõëáõÙÝ³Ï³Ý
Ó»éÝ³ñÏÇ:
- 206 -
СИМОНЯН САРГИС ОГАНЕСОВИЧ
АВЕТИСЯН АРМИНЕ ГЕВОРГОВНА
СУБГРАДИЕНТНЫЕ МОДЕЛИ
Монография посвящена разработке субградиентных моделей решения

разлнчных задач системного анализа, позволяющая получить решения задач с
помощью относительно простых вычислительных сшем. Работа полна
многочицленными примерами и их решениями как на основе предложенных
моделей , так и других известных методов.
SIMONYAN SARGIS HOVHANNES

AVETISSYAN ARMINE GEVORG
The monograph is dedicated to tha research and development of subgradient models

used in solutions of various problems of system analysis. The models allow solving the
problems via relatively simple computing schemas. The monography is fully
supplemented with numerous examples and their solutions based on provided and other
famous models.
ÊÙµ³·Çñ` Ü. ². Ê³ã³ïñÛ³Ý
- 207 -
ä³ïí»ñ 863 îå³ù³Ý³Ï` 100
îå³·ñí³Í ¿ Ð³Û³ëï³ÝÇ ä»ï³Ï³Ý Ö³ñï³ñ³·Çï³Ï³Ý
Ð³Ù³Éë³ñ³ÝÇ ïå³ñ³ÝáõÙ
ºñ¨³Ý, î»ñÛ³Ý 105
- 208 -

System Analysis PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

System Analysis PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

ê. Ð.

ê 504 êÇÙáÝÛ³Ý ê. Ð., ²í»ïÇëÛ³Ý ². ¶.

Ø»Ý³·ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÝíÇñí³Í ¿ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·³ÛÇÝ í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛ³Ý ½³Ý³½³Ý

ISBN 99930-4-463-6 ¡ êÇÙáÝÛ³Ý ê. Ð.,

¶ÉáõË 1: ÀÜ¸Ð²Üàôð Ð²ðòºð .............................................. 8

¶ÉáõË 2: ìºðæ²ìàð Ð²ì²ê²ðàôØÜºðÆ ²ìîàÜàØ

¶ÉáõË 3: Ø²ÂºØ²îÆÎ²Î²Ü Ìð²¶ð²ìàðØ²Ü

¶ÉáõË 4: ¸ÆÜ²ØÆÎ ÊÜ¸ÆðÜºð ........................................... 124

Ð²ìºÈì²Ì: Ð³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ëË»Ù³Ý»ñÇ ½áõ·³ÙÇïáõÃÛáõÝÁ ... 190

ú¶î²¶àðÌì²Ì ¶ð²Î²ÜàôÂÚàôÜ ...................................... 194

Ø»Ý³·ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÑÇÙùáõÙ ÁÝÏ³Í »Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·³ÛÇÝ í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛ³Ý

Ð³Ù³Ï³ñ·³ÛÇÝ í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛ³Ý ËÝ¹ÇñÝ»ñÁ (áã ·Í³ÛÇÝ Íñ³·ñ³íáñÙ³Ý

áñáÝ»ÉÇ ÷á÷áË³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ í»ÏïáñÝ ¿;  1 ( X ( t ), t ) -Á` µ³½Ù³ÃÇí

³ñÅ»ùÁ Ï³Ù ¿É Ï³éáõó»É ¿ùëïñ»Ù³ÉÁ Áëï X̂ ( t ) »ÝÃ³í»ÏïáñÇ µ³Õ³¹ñÇã-

Ý»ñÇ;  2 ( X ( t ), t )   21 ( X ( t ), t ),..., 2 r ( X ( t ), t ) -Á (1.3) ¨ (1.4) å³ÛÙ³Ý-

Ý»ñáí ïñí³Í ÃáõÛÉ³ïñ»ÉÇ ïÇñáõÛÃáõÙ ß³ñÅáõÙÁ å³ÛÙ³Ý³íáñáÕ ¹Çý»-

ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñáí ÃáõÛÉ »ñÏÏáÕÙ í»ñç³íáñ ½áõ·³Ñ»é³ÝÇëï³ÛÇÝ ë³ÑÙ³Ý³-

·áñÍ³ÏÇóÝ»ñáí Ñ³Ýñ³Ñ³ßí³Ï³Ý µ³½Ù³Ý¹³ÙÝ»ñÇ ÇÝãå»ë Çñ³Ï³Ý,

³éÝãáõÃÛ³Ý` ÇÝã-áñ Ï»ñå ÁÝïñ»Éáí X 0 ëÏ½µÝ³Ï³Ý Ùáï³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ( k -Ý

ýáõÝÏóÇáÝ³ÉÇ ·ñ³¹Ç»ÝïÝ ¿, f  X ( t ) -Ý` (1.5) Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ-

·Ç n Ï³ñ·³ÝÇ Û³ÏáµÛ³ÝÁ, ÇëÏ X 0 -Ý` ÁÝïñíáÕ ëÏ½µÝ³Ï³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ n

ã³÷³ÝÇ í»Ïïáñ-ëÛáõÝÁ: ²ÏÝÑ³Ûï ¿, áñ X ( t ) í»ÏïáñÁ Ñ³Ù»Ù³ï³Ï³Ý ¿

F  X ( t ) ýáõÝÏóÇáÝ³ÉÇ ·ñ³¹Ç»ÝïÇÝ, ³ÛëÇÝùÝª ûñÃá·áÝ³É ¿ F  X ( t ) -Ç

³ë³Í, F  X ( t ) -Ç ³ñÅ»ùÁ ãÇ ³×áõÙ X ( t ) Ñ»ï³·Íáí ï»Õ³ß³ñÅÇ ¹»åùáõÙ,

³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáõÃÛáõÝÇó µËáõÙ ¿, áñ µ³óÇ F  X ( t ) -Ç ëï³óÇáÝ³ñ Ï»ï»ñÇó,

³éÏ³ ¿ Ñ»Ýó ¹Çï³ñÏíáÕ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç ÉáõÍÙ³Ý íñ³: Ð»ï¨³µ³ñ, í»ñÁ

áñï»Õª B=E-hA, c=ha: ºÝÃ³¹ñ»Ýù Ý³¨, áñ 1  2    n, áñï»Õ  i , i  1, n

·Í³ÛÇÝ Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Á: ¸Åí³ñ ã¿ Ñ³Ùá½í»É, áñ ËÝ¹ñÇ

ÜÏ. 1.4 ÜÏ. 1.5

ÜÏ. 1.6 ÜÏ. 1.7

sin(x-0 ,6) – y = 1,6 -3,0

x1(k), x2(k), x3(k)

Ð³ßí³ñÏÝ»ñÇ å³ñ½»óÙ³Ý Ýå³ï³Ïáí ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É í³Ûñ¿çùÇ (1.9)

ù³ÝãÛáõñ Ï»ïáõÙ` X k Ï»ÝïñáÝÇ ßñç³Ï³ÛùáõÙ Ùáï³ñÏÙ³Ý Ùáï³íáñ µÝáõÛÃÇ

1.3. Ð³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÝ»ñÇ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåÙ³Ý

³) Ð³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍÁÝÃ³óÝ»ñÇ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï Ñ³ßíá-

1.3.2. ê³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ßí³éáõÙÁ

²ÝÑ³í³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ï»ëùáí ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÁ å³ï×³é »Ý

Ùá¹áõÉÇ ïÇåÇ ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÁ: àõëïÇ (1.21) ( Ï³Ù ¿É (1.22)) ï»ëùÇ

ÝÏ³ï»Ýù, áñ Ýñµ³·Íí³Í µ³½ÙáõÃÛáõÝÁ s( c( x ))  s( x ) ýáõÝÏóÇ³ÛÇ, ³Ûë-

áã ÙÇ³ñÅ»ùáñ»Ý, ù³ÝÇ áñ ³Û¹ Ï»ï»ñáõÙ ·áÛáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»Ý ³Ýí»ñç

µ³½ÙáõÃÛ³Ùµ, ³ÛÉ Ï»ñå ³ë³Í,  0;2c( x ) µ³½ÙáõÃÛ³Ý ó³ÝÏ³ó³Í

(1.26)-Ç ÏÇñ³éÙ³Ùµ ÑÝ³ñ³íáñ ¿ Ùß³Ï»É í»ñ³¹³ë³íáñíáÕ Ï³éáõó-

²ÛÅÙ, ÝÏ³ïÇ áõÝ»Ý³Éáí (1.21) ÁÝ¹Ñ³Ýáõñ ïÇåÇ ë³ÑÙ³Ý³÷³ÏáõÙÁ ¨

¸Åí³ñ ã¿ Ñ³Ùá½í»É, áñ áõÝ»Ýù Ñ»ï¨Û³É å³ïÏ»ñÁ (ÝÏ. 1.12 )ª

²ÛëåÇëáí, Ñ»ï³·³ÛáõÙ ³é³ç³¹ñíáÕ ëáõµ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ Ùá¹»É-

ºÝÃ³¹ñ»Ýùª ïñí³Í ¿ (1.5) Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Á, áñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ

Ý»ñÏ³Û³óÙ³Ùµ` ³Û¹ »ÝÃ³ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý ³Ùñ³Ï³ÛíáÕ X K Ï»ÝïñáÝáí ¨

Ï»ÝïñáÝáí ¨ X 1 ( 0 ) ÁÝïñíáÕ ëÏ½µÝ³Ï³Ý å³ÛÙ³Ýáí ÏÑ³Ý·»óÝÇ Ýáñ`

ò³ÝÏ³ó³Í áã ·Í³ÛÇÝ (1.5) ï»ëùÇ í»ñç³íáñ Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ³íïá-

ºÝÃ³¹ñ»Éáí, áñ ann(X)0 (ÇëÏ ¹ñ³Ý ÙÇßï Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ¿ Ñ³ëÝ»É), ³Ûë Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç

ÇëÏ b(1)(X) –Ý ³ç Ù³ë»ñÇ Ýáñª n-1 ã³÷³ÝÇ í»ÏïáñÝ ¿, áñÇ ï³ññ»ñÝ ¿É

¸ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ 1: Ð³ÛïÝÇ ¿, áñ ÜÛáõïáÝÇ Ù»Ãá¹Ç û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý

2.3. ´³½Ù³Ý¹³ÙÝ»ñÇ ³ñÙ³ïÝ»ñÇ ÙÇ³Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÛ³

1. ¸Çï³ñÏ»Ýù Çñ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍ³ÏÇóÝ»ñáí n–ñ¹ Ï³ñ·Ç Ñ»ï¨Û³É Ñ³Ýñ³-

(Ñ³ñ³µ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÇÙ³ëïáí), ³ÛëÇÝùÝª

.......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .

Ð»ï¨³µ³ñ (2.23) ¨ (2.24) –Ç ³éÏ³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ (2.22) ³Ý¹ñ³¹³ñÓ

áñï»Õ K  diag ( k i ); i  1 , n , ÇëÏ d ( 1 )  X ( t )  d 11

ËÝ¹ñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÁ X(0) í»ÏïáñÇ µ³Õ³¹ñÇãÝ»ñÇ ¹»åÇ Ý»ñù¨ áõÕÕí³Í (2.27)

ÝáõÛÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ: ì»ñçÇÝÝ»ñë, ³ÏÝÑ³Ûïáñ»Ý, Ñ»ï¨áõÙ »Ý í»ñÁ Ý»ñÏ³Û³óí³Í

¨ Çï»ñ³óÇáÝ ÁÝÃ³ó³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ ÇÝã-áñ ù³ÛÉáõÙ x i(k1 1 )  x i(k1) ,  i  0 , n  1 ,

áñï»Õ AQ ( X ,Y ) -Á ¨ AR ( X ,Y ) -Á ï³ñµ»ñ ³É·áñÇÃÙÝ»ñáí Ï³éáõóíáÕ n

x 1  2 ; x 2  1 ,125 ; L*  7 ,6175 ëï³óí»É ¿ sin x 1   ( x 1 )  0 ³ÝÁÝ¹-