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êÆØàÜÚ²Ü
². ¶. ²ìºîÆêÚ²Ü
êàô´¶ð²¸ÆºÜî²ÚÆÜ
ØฺÈܺð
1.5
x2 L=-1
L=0.25
L=0.5
L=2 L=0
(-1.5;0.8) 1 (1.5;0.8)
L=1 L=0.75
0.5 c1=0
L=0.25
x1
0
-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 L=0.75
1 1.5
-0.5
L=0 L=1 L=2
c2=0
L=-1
-1
(1.5;-1.2) (1.5;-1.2)
-1.5
ºðºì²Ü 2005
-0-
вڲêî²ÜÆ Ð²Üð²äºîàôÂÚ²Ü ÎðÂàôÂÚ²Ü ºì ¶ÆîàôÂÚ²Ü
ܲʲð²ðàôÂÚàôÜ
вڲêî²ÜÆ äºî²Î²Ü Ö²ðî²ð²¶Æî²Î²Ü вزÈê²ð²Ü
ê. Ð. êÆØàÜÚ²Ü
². ¶. ²ìºîÆêÚ²Ü
êàô´¶ð²¸ÆºÜî²ÚÆÜ
ØฺÈܺð
ػݳ·ñáõÃÛáõÝ
ºðºì²Ü 2005
лÕÇݳϳÛÇÝ Ññ³ï³ñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ
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Ðî¸ 681.51
¶Ø¸ 321.816
ê 504 ػݳ·ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ »ñ³ß˳íáñí»É ¿ ïå³·ñáõÃÛ³Ý
г۳ëï³ÝÇ ä»ï³Ï³Ý Ö³ñï³ñ³·Çï³Ï³Ý
гٳÉë³ñ³ÝÇ 30.12.2004Ã. ·Çï³Ï³Ý ËáñÑñ¹Ç
áñáßٳٵ
¶ñ³ËáëÝ»ñ`
ý.-Ù.·.¹., åñáý. Ð. Ø. гÛñ³å»ïÛ³Ý ÐäÖРسûٳïÇÏ³Ï³Ý ¹»å³ñ-
ï³Ù»ÝïÇ §Ø³ëݳ·Çï³Ï³Ý ٳûٳïÇϳϳÝ
ÏñÃáõÃÛáõݦ ³ÙµÇáÝÇ í³ñÇã
ï.·.¹., åñáý. ². Ð. ²é³ù»ÉÛ³Ý ºñäÐ îÝï»ë³·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý ý³-
ÏáõÉï»ïÇ §îÝï»ë³·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ٳûٳïÇϳϳÝ
ÙṻɳíáñáõÙ¦ ³ÙµÇáÝÇ í³ñÇã
¶Ø¸ 321.816
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´àì²Ü¸²ÎàôÂÚàôÜ
ܲʲ´²Ü ................................................................................ 5
-4-
ܲʲ´²Ü
-5-
íáñ³Ï³Ý ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É í³Ûñ¿çùáí ѳßíáճϳÝ
ë˻ٳÛÇó ³ÛÝ ¿, áñ ³Ûëï»Õ ³ÝóáõÙ³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍÁÝóóÝ»ñÁ ϳÛáõݳÝáõÙ »Ý
³ñ³·` ѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý Ó¨áí ÁÝïñíáÕ, µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ Ù»Í áõŻճóÙ³Ý
·áñͳÏÇóÝ»ñÇ ßÝáñÑÇí: ²Ûëï»Õ ³é³ç³ñÏí»É »Ý á㠷ͳÛÇÝ í»ñç³íáñ ѳí³-
ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ³íïáÝá٠ѳٳϳñ·»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ½áõ·³Ñ»é »Õ³Ý³ÏÝ»ñ`
ÑÇÙÝí³Í ·Í³ÛÇÝ Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ³íïáÝá٠ѳٳϳñ·»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý µ³í³-
ϳݳã³÷ ѳÛïÝÇ Åáñ¹³ÝÛ³Ý ³ÝÏÛáõݳ·Í³ÛݳóÙ³Ý »Õ³Ý³ÏÇ íñ³: ì»ñ-
çÇÝë, Çñ Ñ»ñÃÇÝ, ÑÇÙù ¿ ѳݹÇë³ó»É µ³½Ù³Ý¹³ÙÝ»ñÇ ³ñÙ³ïÝ»ñÇ ½áõ·³Ñ»é
áñáßÙ³Ý »Õ³Ý³ÏÝ»ñÇ Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ:
ºññáñ¹ ·ÉáõËÁ í»ñ³µ»ñáõÙ ¿ ëï³ïÇÏ ûåïÇٳɳóÙ³Ý (ٳûٳïÇ-
Ï³Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñ³íáñÙ³Ý) Ùdzã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï ¨ Áݹѳï ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ
ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ³ñ³·ÁÝóó ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ ¨ ëáõµ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ ¹Çý»-
ñ»ÝóÇ³É í³Ûñ¿çùáí Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÇ (³ÝÁݹѳï, ùí³½Ç·Í³ÛÇÝ ¨ ³ç í»ñç³íáñ
ï³ñµ»ñáõóÛÇÝ) Ùß³ÏÙ³ÝÁ: ²Ûëï»Õ ³é³ÝÓݳѳïáõÏ áõß³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý »Ý ³ñ-
ųݳó»É Áݹѳï ٳûٳïÇÏ³Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñ³íáñÙ³Ý ËݹÇñÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝó
ÃíáõÙ »Ý ÉñÇí ³ÙµáÕç³ÃÇí, Ù³ëݳÏÇáñ»Ý ³ÙµáÕç³ÃÇí, µÇí³É»Ýï ¨ å먹á-
µáõÉÛ³Ý ¹Çáý³Ýï³ÛÇÝ ËݹÇñÝ»ñÁ: ²ñí»É »Ý ÙÇ ß³ñù ÁݹѳÝñ³óáõÙÝ»ñ ¨
¹ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ, áñáÝù ϳñ¨áñ »Ý Ýßí³Í ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ
Ùß³Ïí³Í Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÇ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï Ñ³Ý¹ÇåáÕ Ñ³ßíáճϳÝ
µ³ñ¹áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ÕóѳñÙ³Ý ï»ë³ÝÏÛáõÝÇó: ¶ÉËáõÙ µ»ñí³Í »Ý ݳ¨
ٳûٳïÇÏ³Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñ³íáñÙ³Ý µ³½Ù³ã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý
³ñ³·ÁÝóó ³ÝÁݹѳï ëáõµ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É í³Ûñ¿çùáí Ùá¹»É-
Ý»ñÁ (³ÝÁݹѳï, ùí³½Ç·Í³ÛÇÝ ¨ ³ç í»ñç³íáñ-ï³ñµ»ñáõóÛÇÝ), áñáÝù
ÑÇÙÝí³Í »Ý 黹áõóí³Í ý³½³ÛÇÝ ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý, ù³é³Ïáõë³ÛÇÝ ïáõ·³Ý³ÛÇÝ
ýáõÝÏódzݻñÇ (max-Ç ëϽµáõÝùÇ), áõïáåÇ³Ï³Ý Ï»ïÇ ¨ ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³-
ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÇ ½áõ·³ÏóÙ³Ý íñ³:
âáññáñ¹ ·ÉËáõÙ ï»Õ »Ý ·ï»É ѳٳϳñ·³ÛÇÝ í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛ³Ý ¹ÇݳÙÇÏ
ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý (¹ÇݳÙÇÏ ûåïÇٳɳóÙ³Ý) ³ñ³·ÁÝóó ³ÝÁݹѳï
ëáõµ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É í³Ûñ¿çùáí Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÁ (³ÝÁݹѳï, ùí³½Ç-
-6-
·Í³ÛÇÝ ¨ ³ç í»ñç³íáñ-ï³ñµ»ñáõóÛÇÝ): ²Û¹ ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ ÃíáõÙ »Ý ¹Çý»-
ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ áã ϳÝáÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·»ñÁ, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨
¹ÇݳÙÇÏ ¿ùëïñ»Ù³É ËݹÇñÝ»ñÁ, ǽáå»ñÇÙ»ïñÇÏ (ѳí³ë³ñ³å³ñ³·ÇÍ)
í³ñdzóÇáÝ ¨ ûåïÇÙ³É Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý ËݹÇñÝ»ñÁ` Ùdzã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ
¹ñí³ÍùÝ»ñáí: ²Ûëï»Õ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í »Ý ݳ¨ ûåïÇÙ³É Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý µ³½-
Ù³ã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ÝáõÝ Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝù ¨ë
ÑÇÙÝí³Í »Ý í»ñáÑÇßÛ³É Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÇ ½áõ·³ÏóÙ³Ý íñ³:
²ß˳ï³ÝùÇ Ñ³í»Éí³ÍáõÙ µ»ñí³Í »Ý ѳßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ë˻ٳݻñÇ
½áõ·³ÙÇïáõÃÛ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ:
Þ³ñ³¹ñ³ÝùÝ áõÕ»ÏóíáõÙ ¿ Ù»Í ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùµ ûñÇݳÏÝ»ñáí ¨ Ýñ³Ýó
ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñáíª ÇÝãå»ë ³é³ç³ñÏí³Í Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÇ, ³ÛÝå»ë ¿É ѳÛïÝÇ ³ÛÉ »Õ³-
ݳÏÝ»ñÇ û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ùµ, ÇÝãÁ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ ï³ÉÇë ³é³í»É ³ñ¹Ûáõݳ-
í»ïáñ»Ý Ëáñ³Ý³É ï»ë³Ï³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÇ Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ»ñÇ Ù»ç: ê³ ·ñùÇ
³é³í»É ϳñ¨áñ ³é³ÝÓݳѳïÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó Ù»ÏÝ ¿: ²ÛÝ Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝ ¿
Ý»ñϳ۳óÝáõÙ µáÉáñ Ýñ³Ýó ѳٳñ, áíù»ñ ½µ³ÕíáõÙ »Ý ѳٳϳñ·³ÛÇÝ í»ñ-
ÉáõÍáõÃÛ³Ý ÇÝãå»ë ï»ë³Ï³Ý, ³ÛÝå»ë ¿É ·áñÍÝ³Ï³Ý ï»ë³ÝÏÛáõÝÝ»ñáí:
²ß˳ï³ÝùÇ 1-ÇÝ ¨ 4-ñ¹ ·ÉáõËÝ»ñÁ, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ 2-ñ¹ ·ÉËÇ 2.1 ¨ 3-ñ¹
·ÉËÇ 3.2.1 µ³ÅÇÝÝ»ñÁ ¨ ѳí»Éí³ÍÁ ·ñí»É »Ý ê. Ð. êÇÙáÝÛ³ÝÇ ÏáÕÙÇó:
ܳ˳µ³ÝÁ, 2-ñ¹ ·ÉËÇ 2.2, 2.3 ¨ 3-ñ¹ ·ÉËÇ 3.1.1, 3.1.2, 3.2.2 µ³ÅÇÝÝ»ñÁ
·ñí»É »Ý ê. Ð. êÇÙáÝÛ³ÝÇ ¨ ². ¶. ²í»ïÇëÛ³ÝÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ѳٳï»Õ: гٳï»Õ
»Ý Çñ³Ï³Ý³óí»É ݳ¨ µáÉáñ µ³ÅÇÝÝ»ñÇ µáÉáñ ûñÇݳÏÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÁ:
лÕÇݳÏÝ»ñ
-7-
¶ÉáõË 1. ÀܸвÜàôð вðòºð
1.1. гٳϳñ·³ÛÇÝ í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛ³Ý ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ
X ( t ) 2 ( X ( t ), t ) 0 , (1.2)
3 ( X ( t ), t ) 0 , (1.3)
a ( t ) 4 ( X ( t ), t ) b( t ) , (1.4)
áñï»Õ
T
X ( t ) x 1 ( t ),..., x n ( t ) x n 1 ( t ),..., x n r ( t ) X T ( t ), X̂ T ( t ) –Á
T
ïáñÁ å³ÛٳݳíáñáõÙ ¿ a ( t ) a 1 ( t ),..., a p ( t ) T
¨ b( t ) b1 ( t ),..., b p ( t ) T
-8-
(1.1)-(1.4) ËݹÇñÝ Áݹ·ñÏáõÙ ¿ ϳñ¨áñ Ù³ëݳÏÇ »ÝóËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ ÙÇ
Ù»Í µ³½ÙáõÃÛáõÝ, áñáÝù áñáßíáõÙ »Ý ѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí:
سëݳíáñ³å»ë, ¹ñ³Ýó ÃíáõÙ »Ý.
- áã å³ÛÙ³Ý³Ï³Ý ¿ùëïñ»ÙáõÙÇ ËݹÇñÝ»ñÁ ((1.1)-Áª Ùݳó³Í
å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ µ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ);
- ·Í³ÛÇÝ ¨ á㠷ͳÛÇÝ Ñ³Ýñ³Ñ³ßí³Ï³Ý ϳ٠ïñ³Ýëó»Ý¹»Ýï ѳí³ë³-
ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·»ñÁ ((1.3)-Á` ѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý ûå»ñ³ïáñÝ»ñáí);
- ·Í³ÛÇÝ ¨ á㠷ͳÛÇÝ Ñ³Ýñ³Ñ³ßí³Ï³Ý ϳ٠ïñ³Ýëó»Ý¹»Ýï ³Ýѳí³-
ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·»ñÁ ((1.4)-Á` ѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý ûå»ñ³ïáñÝ»ñáí ¨
ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ í»ÏïáñÝ»ñáí);
- ëϳÉÛ³ñ ÷á÷á˳ϳÝáí í»ñç³íáñ ѳí³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÁ ((1.3)-Á
m 1, t
0 ¹»åùáõÙ; ϳñ¨áñ ¿ ѳïϳå»ë Çñ³Ï³Ý ¨ ÏáÙåÉ»ùë
-9-
- µ³½Ù³ÃÇí ÷á÷á˳ϳÝÝ»ñÇó ϳËí³Í ýáõÝÏódzÛÇ ¿ùëïñ»ÙáõÙÇ
Ù»ÍáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ Ýñ³ Ïááñ¹ÇݳïÝ»ñÇ ÙdzųٳݳÏÛ³ áñáÝÙ³Ý ËݹÇñÁª ïñí³Í
ëϽµÝ³Ï³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáí ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ
ÇÝï»·ñ³É³ÛÇÝ Ïáñ»ñÇ ÁÝï³ÝÇùÇ íñ³;
- ïñí³Í ëϽµÝ³Ï³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáí ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ
ѳٳϳñ·»ñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÁ í»ñç³íáñ ѳí³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¨/ϳ٠³Ýѳí³ë³-
ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ï»ëùáí ïñí³Í ïÇñáõÛÃÝ»ñÇ íñ³;
- ¹ÇÙ³ÙÇÏ ¿ùëïñ»Ù³É ËݹÇñÝ»ñÁ ((1.1)-(1.4) –Áª ÇÝã-áñ (1.1) ýáõÝÏódzÛÇ
¹»åùáõÙ);
- ¹³ë³Ï³Ý, áã ¹³ë³Ï³Ý, ß³ñÅáõÝ ¨ ³Ýß³ñÅ ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñáí (»½ñ»ñáí)
ë³Ñٳݳ÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñáí ¨ ³é³Ýó ë³Ñٳݳ÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ í³ñdzóÇáÝ ËݹÇñ-
Ý»ñÁ ((1.1)-(1.4) –Á` (1.1) ÇÝï»·ñ³É³ÛÇÝ ï»ëùÇ áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÇ, ѳٳå³-
ï³ëË³Ý ûå»ñ³ïáñÝ»ñÇ ¨ »½ñ³ÛÇÝ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ);
- ·Í³ÛÇÝ ¨ á㠷ͳÛÇÝ, ³íïáÝáÙ ¨ áã ³íïáÝáÙ (ëï³óÇáݳñ ¨ áã
ëï³óÇáݳñ), ³Ùñ³Ï³Ûí³Í, ã³Ùñ³Ï³Ûí³Í ¨ Ù³ë³Ùµ ³Ùñ³Ï³Ûí³Í »½ñ³ÛÇÝ
å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáí, ³Ùñ³Ï³Ûí³Í ¨ ã³Ùñ³Ï³Ûí³Í ³ÝóÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³ÙÇçáóáí,
ϳé³í³ñáÕ ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ íÇ׳ÏÇ ÷á÷á˳ϳÝÝ»ñÇ íñ³ ¹ñí³Í Çñ³-
ñÇó µ³Å³Ý Ï³Ù ¿É ϳåí³Í ë³Ñٳݳ÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñáí ¨ ³ÛÉ ËݹÇñÝ»ñÁ ((1.1)-
(1.4)-Á` (1.1) ýáõÝÏóÇáݳÉÇ, ѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý ûå»ñ³ïáñÝ»ñÇ ¨ ³ÛÉ Éñ³óáõ-
óÇã å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ) ¨ ³ÛÉÝ:
(1.1)-(1.4) ËݹñÇÝ ½³Ý³½³Ý 黹áõóáÕ Ó¨³÷áËáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ û·ï³·áñÍ-
ٳٵ ϳñáÕ »Ý ѳݷ»óí»É ݳ¨ ·Çï³-·áñÍÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ»ï³½áïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ
³ÛÝåÇëÇ µ³½Ù³ÃÇí ËݹÇñÝ»ñ, ÇÝãåÇëÇù »Ýª ѳٳϳñ·³ÛÇÝ í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛ³Ý
µ³½Ù³ã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ, ˳ջñÇ ï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý, ·ñ³ýÝ»ñÇ ¨ ó³Ýó»ñÇ ûåïÇÙ³-
ɳóÙ³Ý, ٳûٳïÇÏ³Ï³Ý ýǽÇϳÛÇ ¨ ³ÛÉ ËݹÇñÝ»ñÁ:
- 10 -
1.2. ØÇ ß³ñù ѳßíáÕ³Ï³Ý Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ ¨ ³ÝÁݹѳï
·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É í³Ûñ¿çùáí Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÁ
ºÝó¹ñ»Ýù ïñí³Í ¿`
f(X )0 (1.5)
í»ñç³íáñ ѳí³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ áñáßÛ³É Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Á [72, 73], áñï»Õ
T
f ( f 1 ,..., f n ) -Á á㠷ͳÛÇÝ ýáõÝÏódzݻñÇ n ã³÷³ÝÇ í»ÏïáñÝ ¿, ÇëÏ
X ( x 1 ,..., x n )T -Á` áñáßÙ³Ý »Ýóϳ ³ÝѳÛï ÷á÷á˳ϳÝÝ»ñÇ ÝáõÛÝå»ë
n ã³÷³ÝÇ í»ÏïáñÁ: ²Ûë ѳٳϳñ·Ç ÉáõÍáõÙÁ (ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÁ) ·áÛáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝÇ
(áõÝ»Ý), »Ã» ³Û¹ Ï»ïáõÙ (Ï»ï»ñáõÙ) ѳٳϳñ·Á í»ñ³ÍíáõÙ ¿ ÝáõÛÝáõÃÛ³Ý:
¶áÛáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»Ý ³Ûë ËݹñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý µ³½Ù³ÃÇí ¨ µ³½Ù³½³Ý
»Õ³Ý³ÏÝ»ñ: γݷ ³éÝ»Ýù ¹ñ³ÝóÇó ÙÇ ù³ÝÇëÇ íñ³, áñáÝù áõÕÕ³ÏÇ
³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»Ý Ëݹñá ³é³ñϳÛÇ Ñ»ï:
1) ÐÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÇó Ù»ÏÝ Çï»ñ³ódzݻñÇ Ù»Ãá¹Ý ¿, áñÇ
¹»åùáõÙ, áñáß Ñ³Ù³ñÅ»ù Ó¨³÷áËáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ, (1.5) ѳٳϳñ·Á
µ»ñáõÙ »Ý
X g( X ) (1.6)
ï»ëùÇ, áñáí Ñݳñ³íáñ ¿ ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñå»É Çï»ñ³óÇáÝ Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ÁÝó-
ó³Ï³ñ·»ñ` ѳçáñ¹³Ï³Ý Ùáï³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ϳéáõó»Éáí Áëï
X k 1 g( X k ) (1.7)
- 11 -
2) (1.5) ѳٳϳñ·Ç ÉáõÍÙ³Ý »Õ³Ý³ÏÝ»ñÇó Ù»ÏÝ ¿É, ³Ûëå»ë Ïáãí³Í,
·Í³ÛݳóÙ³Ý Ù»Ãá¹Ý ¿, áñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ (1.5) ѳٳϳñ·Á ÷á˳ñÇÝáõÙ »Ý Ýñ³Ý
ÇÝã-áñ ×ßïáõÃÛ³Ùµ ѳٳñÅ»ù ·Í³ÛÇÝ ï»ëùáí, áñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÁ, áñáß³ÏÇ
å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ, ݳËÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç ÉáõÍÙ³Ý áñáß³ÏÇ Ùáï³-
íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ ¿: ¶Í³ÛݳóÙ³Ý ³é³í»É ï³ñ³Íí³Í »Õ³Ý³ÏÁ (1.5) ѳٳϳñ·Ç
Ý»ñϳ۳óáõÙÝ ¿ »ÛÉáñÇ í»ñÉáõÍÙ³Ý µ³Ý³Ó¨Ç ÑÇÙ³Ý íñ³, áñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ
R2 ( X ) Ùݳóáñ¹³ÛÇÝ ³Ý¹³ÙÝ ³Ýï»ëíáõÙ ¿, ¨ ݳËÝ³Ï³Ý ËݹñÇ
ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÝ ëï³óíáõÙ »Ý áñå»ë ѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý ·Í³ÛÇÝ ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ áñá-
ß³ÏÇ ³Ý¹ñ³¹³ñÓ Ñ³çáñ¹³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ùáï³íáñ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ ë³ÑÙ³-
ݳÛÇÝ ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñ:
3) (1.5) ËݹñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Ï³ñ¨áñ »Õ³Ý³ÏÝ»ñÇó Ù»ÏÝ ¿É Ñ»ï¨Û³ÉÝ ¿.
ù³ÝÇ áñ ¹Çï³ñÏíáÕ ËݹÇñÁ ѳٳñÅ»ù ¿
F ( X ) f T ( X ), f ( X ) (1.8)
¹ñ³Ï³Ý-áñáßí³Í ù³é³Ïáõë³ÛÇÝ Ó¨Ç ÙÇÝÇٳɳóÙ³Ý ËݹñÇÝ (ϳ٠¿É (1.5)
ѳٳϳñ·Ç ѳí³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ³ç ¨ Ó³Ë Ù³ë»ñÇ ÙÇç¨ ³ÝѳٳӳÛÝáõ-
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ í»ÏïáñÇó ϳËí³Í Ù»Ï ³ÛÉ ¹ñ³Ï³Ý ýáõÝÏódzÛÇ), ³å³ í»ñçÇÝÇë
ÁݹѳÝñ³Ï³Ý ϳ٠·Éáµ³É (½ñá۳ϳÝ) ÙÇÝÇÙáõÙÝ»ñÇ áñáßٳٵ, ÷³ëïáñ»Ý,
áñáßíáõÙ »Ý ݳ¨ (1.5) ËݹñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÁ:
²Ûë Ùáï»óÙ³Ý íñ³ »Ý ëáíáñ³µ³ñ ÑÇÙÝíáõÙ ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ í³Ûñ¿çùÇ
Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÁ [20, 35], áñáÝù µ³½Ù³ÃÇí ÷á÷á˳ϳÝÝ»ñÇó ϳËí³Í ¹Çý»ñ»Ý-
ó»ÉÇ ýáõÝÏódzݻñÇ ÙÇÝÇٳɳóٳݪ ɳÛÝáñ»Ý ï³ñ³Íí³Í Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÇ ï³ñ³-
ï»ë³ÏÝ»ñÇó »Ý: ²Û¹ Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÁ ëáíáñ³µ³ñ û·ï³·áñÍáõÙ »Ý Ýå³ï³Ï³ÛÇÝ
ýáõÝÏódzÛÇ ³é³çÇÝ Ï³ñ·Ç Ù³ëݳÏÇ ³Í³ÝóÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ í»ÏïáñÁ ϳ٠¿É, ³í»ÉÇ
×Çßï, ѳϳ·ñ³¹Ç»ÝïÁ, áñÁ Ù³ïݳÝßáõÙ ¿ F ( X ) ýáõÝÏódzÛÇ ³Ù»Ý³-
³ñ³· Ýí³½Ù³Ý áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ: F ( X ) -Ç Ñ³Ï³·ñ³¹Ç»ÝïÁ áñáßáõÙ ¿ ÙÇÙdzÛÝ
Ýñ³ ÙÇÝÇÙáõÙÇ áñáÝÙ³Ý áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ, µ³Ûó áã ³ß˳ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ ù³ÛÉÇ Ù»Íáõ-
ÃÛáõÝÁ: γËí³Í ³Û¹ ³ß˳ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ ù³ÛÉÇ ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÇ ÁÝïñÙ³Ý »Õ³Ý³Ï-
Ý»ñÇó` ï³ñµ»ñáõÙ »Ý ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÇ µ³½Ù³ÃÇí ï³ñ³ï»ë³Ï-
Ý»ñ, ë³Ï³ÛÝ, µáÉáñ ¹»åù»ñáõÙ ¿É ³Û¹ ÑÇÙݳËݹÇñÁ ÉáõÍíáõÙ ¿ ϳ٠÷áñÓݳ-
Ï³Ý ×³Ý³å³ñÑáí, ϳ٠¿É Éñ³óáõóÇã ѳßí³ñÏÝ»ñÇ û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ùµ:
- 12 -
4) ´³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ ï³ñ³Íí³Í ¨ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÇó Ù»ÏÝ ¿É,
³Ûëå»ë Ïáãí³Í, ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ù»Ãá¹Ý ¿, áñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ (1.5)
ѳٳϳñ·Ý ÇÝã-áñ Ï»ñå 黹áõóíáõÙ ¿ Ýñ³Ý ѳٳñÅ»ù ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý ¹Çý»-
ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç, áñÝ áõÝÇ ³ëÇÙåïáïÇÏáñ»Ý ϳÛáõÝ
ѳݷëïÇ Ï»ï»ñ` ϳËí³Í ÁÝïñíáÕ ëϽµÝ³Ï³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇó, ¨ áñáÝù
ѳÙÁÝÏÝáõÙ »Ý (1.5) ѳٳϳñ·Ç ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ïááñ¹ÇݳïÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï: سëݳ-
íáñ³å»ë, (1.8) ýáõÝÏódzÛÇ ¹»åùáõÙ ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ ¹Çý»-
ñ»ÝóÇ³É í³Ûñ¿çùáí Ùá¹»ÉÁ (²¶¸ìØ) ϳ٠¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ
ѳٳϳñ·Ý áõÝÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É ï»ëùÁ`
X ( t ) 0.5 F X ( t ) f T X ( t ) f X ( t ), X ( t 0 ) X 0 , (1.9)
áñï»Õ F X ( t ) F X ( t ) x ( t ) , , F X ( t ) x n ( t )
1
T
–Á F X ( t )
F X ( t )t 0 : (1.11)
(1.9) ѳٳϳñ·Ç ß³ñÅÙ³Ý Ñ»ï³·Íáí áñáßíáÕ ·ÇÍÁ ·ñ³¹Ç»ÝïÇ ·ÇÍÝ ¿, áñÁ
µÝáõó·ñíáõÙ ¿ Ñ»ï¨Û³É ѳïÏáõÃÛ³Ùµ. ³Û¹ ·ÍÇ Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ Ï»ïáõÙ
ï³ñí³Í ßáß³÷áÕÁ ѳÙÁÝÏÝáõÙ ¿ ³Û¹ ÝáõÛÝ Ï»ïáõÙ (1.8) ù³é³Ïáõë³ÛÇÝ
ýáõÝÏódzÛÇ ·ñ³¹Ç»ÝïÇ Ñ»ï` íÇ׳ÏÇ ÷á÷á˳ϳÝÝ»ñÇ ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç:
- 13 -
(1.9) ѳٳϳñ·áí Ýϳñ³·ñíáÕ ³ÝóáõÙ³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍÁÝóóÁ ïñí³Í
X ( t 0 ) ëϽµÝ³Ï³Ý íÇ׳ÏÇ ¹»åùáõ٠ųٳݳÏÇ ³Ýí»ñç ÙÇç³Ï³ÛùáõÙ
( t ) ѳݷ»óÝáõÙ ¿ ³ÛÝåÇëÇ Ï»ï»ñÇ Ï³Ù Ýñ³Ýó áñáß³ÏÇ µ³½ÙáõÃÛ³Ý,
áñáÝóáõÙ (1.8) ýáõÝÏódzÛÇ ·ñ³¹Ç»ÝïÁ ѳí³ë³ñ ¿ ½ñáÛÇ Ï³Ù, ³ÛÉ Ï»ñå
³ë³Í, ѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý ëï³óÇáݳñ Ï»ï»ñÇ Ï³Ù ¿É ëï³óÇáݳñ
ïÇñáõÛÃÝ»ñÇ: ²Û¹ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï (1.9)-ÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ë˳ݪ ϳñáÕ »Ý ï»ÕÇ
áõÝ»Ý³É Ñ»ï¨Û³É ¹»åù»ñÁ.
- ϳ٠f ( X ) 0 , f ( X )
0 , áñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ, ³ÏÝѳÛïáñ»Ý, Ï·ïÝíÇ
(1.5) ËݹñÇ ÇÝã-áñ ÉáõÍáõÙ, ù³ÝÇ áñ ³ÝóáõÙ³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍÁÝóóÁ (1.8) ýáõÝÏódzÛÇ
ÁݹѳÝñ³Ï³Ý ÙÇÝÇÙáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ï»ï»ñáõ٠ϳÛáõÝ ¿ Áëï ÈÛ³åáõÝáíÇ,
- ϳ٠f ( X ) 0 , f ( X ) 0 , áñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ (1.5) ËݹñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÁ ãÇ
áñáßíáõÙ, ù³ÝÇ áñ ÝÙ³Ý Ï»ï»ñáõÙ ·ïÝíáõÙ »Ý ϳ٠(1.8) ýáõÝÏódzÛÇ ï»-
Õ³ÛÇÝ (ÉáϳÉ) ÙÇÝÇÙáõÙÝ»ñÁ (áñáÝóáõÙ ³ÝóáõÙ³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍÁÝóóÁ ϳÛáõÝ ¿ Áëï
ÈÛ³åáõÝáíÇ), ϳ٠(1.8) ýáõÝÏódzÛÇ ï»Õ³ÛÇÝ Ï³Ù ÁݹѳÝñ³Ï³Ý Ù³ùëÇÙáõÙ-
Ý»ñÁ (áñáÝóáõÙ ³ÝóáõÙ³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍÁÝóóÝ ³ÝϳÛáõÝ ¿ Áëï ÈÛ³åáõÝáíÇ), ϳÙ
¿É, í»ñç³å»ë, §³Ýï³ñµ»ñ¦ ëï³óÇáݳñ Ï»ï»ñÁ ϳ٠ïÇñáõÛÃÝ»ñÁ (³Û¹
ÃíÇÝ »Ý ¹³ëíáõÙ, ûñÇݳÏ, í»ñ³ë»ñí³Í Ù³ùëÇÙáõÙÝ»ñÁ ¨ óٵ³ÛÇÝ
Ï»ï»ñÁ):
²é³çÇÝ Ñ³Û³óùÇó ϳñáÕ ¿ Ãí³É, áñ ¹Çï³ñÏí³Í áã ëï³óÇáݳñ
·áñÍÁÝóóÁ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ ï³ÉÇë Ñ»ßïáõÃÛ³Ùµ ëï³Ý³É ùÝݳñÏíáÕ
ËݹñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÁª ³Û¹ Ýå³ï³Ïáí û·ï³·áñÍ»Éáí ÇÝï»·ñÙ³Ý áñ¨¿ »Õ³Ý³Ï:
ØÇÝã¹»é ³Û¹ ׳ݳå³ñÑÇÝ ëáíáñ³µ³ñ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ ÉÇÝáõ٠ѳÕóѳñ»É
µ³½Ù³ÃÇí ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ, áñáÝù, Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë, ϳåí³Í »Ý Ãí³ÛÇÝ
ÇÝï»·ñÙ³Ý ù³ÛÉ»ñÇ ÁÝïñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ»ï: ´³ÝÝ ³ÛÝ ¿, áñ »Ã» ³Û¹ ù³ÛÉ»ñÁ
µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ ÷áùñ »Ý, ³å³ ËݹñÇ áñ¨¿ ѳí³ÏÝáñ¹-ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ëï³óÙ³Ý
ѳٳñ ϳñáÕ ¿ å³Ñ³Ýçí»É µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ ï¨³Ï³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï, ÙÇÝ㨠áñ
X(t) ѻﳷÇÍÝ ÁÝÏÝÇ F ( X ) -Ç ÙÇÝÇÙáõÙÇ Ï»ïÇ ßñç³Ï³ÛùÁ ¨ ϳÛáõݳݳ
áñ¨¿ Ùáï³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³: гϳé³Ï å³ñ³·³ÛáõÙ, ³ÛëÇÝùÝ, »Ã» ÇÝï»·ñÙ³Ý
ù³ÛÉ»ñÁ µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ Ù»Í »Ý, ѳßí³ñϳÛÇÝ Ñ»ï³·ÇÍÁ ϳñáÕ ¿ ËÇëï
- 14 -
ß»Õí»É ×ß·ñÇï ÉáõÍáõÙÇó ¨ »ñµ¨Çó» ãϳÛáõÝ³Ý³É áñ¨¿ Ùáï³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý
ßñç³Ï³ÛùáõÙ:
ÆÝãå»ë ³Ûë »ñ¨áõÛÃÁ ѳëϳݳÉáõ ѳٳñ, ³ÛÝå»ë ¿É »ÉÝ»Éáí ³é³ÝÓÇÝ
Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝ Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»Éáõ ï»ë³ÝÏÛáõÝÇó, ¹Çï³ñÏ»Ýù AX=a ·Í³ÛÇÝ
ѳí³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ áñáßÛ³É Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Á ¨ ϳéáõó»Ýù Ñ»ï¨Û³É ýáõÝÏóÇáݳÉÁª
F( X )
1
2
1
2
1
2
( AX a )T , X AX X a T X X T AT X a T X :
T
²ÏÝѳÛï ¿, áñ í»ñçÇÝÇë ÙÇÝÇÙáõÙÇ å³ÛÙ³ÝÁ (»ñµ A>0 )ª
dF(X) 1 d
dX
2 dX
X T AT X a T X X T A T a T A X a 0 ,
T
- 15 -
ݳã³÷ Ù»Í: Ø»Í h - »ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ i 1, i 1, n , ¨, ѻ勉µ³ñ, Çï»-
ñ³óÇáÝ ·áñÍÁÝóóÝ»ñÁ Ïï³ñ³ÙÇï»Ý:
ú·ï³·áñÍ»Éáí µ»ñí³Í ³Ý¹ñ³¹³ñÓ Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ÁÝóó³Ï³ñ·Áª
¹Çï³ñÏ»Ýù Ñ»ï¨Û³É ËݹÇñÁ 3]:
úñÇݳÏ: ÈáõÍ»É
4 1 1 x 1 7
1 2 0 x 2 0
1 0 3 x 3 2
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 1.1
öáñÓ x10 x20 x30 h k x1* x2* x3*
1 0.25 25 1.99998 -0.99997 -0.00001
2 0.31 19 1.99998 -0.99997 -0.00001
3 0.308 15 1.99976 -0.99966 -0.00009
3 4 1
4 65 1.99995 -0.99990 -0.00003
0.1
5 65 1.99995 -0.99990 -0.00003
6 0.05 124 1.99998 -0.99997 -0.00008
7 0.004 1230 1.99831 -0.99681 -0.00109
-5 5 10
8 0.38 91 2.00000 -1.00000 0.00000
9 0.004 1334 2.00169 -1.00317 0.00110
15 -8 -7
10 0.38 93 2.00000 -1.00000 0.00000
11 -2 20 1.99999 -0.99999 0.00000
-3
12 2 9 1.99200 -0.99000 -0.00324
-3 0.31
13 2 10 2.00017 -0.99313 -0.00371
3
14 -2 12 2.00024 -1.00011 -0.00079
15 10 -5 3 0.05 135 2.00012 -1.00022 0.00008
- 16 -
3
(-3,2) x2
2 (3,2)
1
x1
0
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
-1
(2,-1)
-2
(-3,-2) (3,-2)
-3
ÜÏ. 1.1
1
x3 (2,0) x1
0
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
-1
-2
-3
(-3,-3) (3,-3)
-4
ÜÏ. 1.2
1
x3
(-1,0) x2
0
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
-1
-2
-3
(-2,-3) (2,-3)
-4
ÜÏ. 1.3
- 17 -
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 1.2
öáñÓ 11 öáñÓ 12
K x1 x2 x3 x1 x2 x3
0 -3.000 -2.000 -3.000 -3.000 2.000 -3.000
1 2.580 0.170 -1.760 1.340 1.690 -1.760
2 0.953 -0.735 0.057 0.779 0.227 -0.328
3 2.187 -0.575 -0.321 1.811 -0.155 -0.401
4 1.724 -0.896 0.035 1.659 -0.620 -0.087
5 2.045 -0.875 -0.083 1.937 -0.750 -0.112
6 1.925 -0.966 0.008 1.903 -0.886 -0.027
7 2.010 -0.964 -0.023 1.979 -0.926 -0.032
8 1.979 -0.989 0.002 1.972 -0.966 -0.009
9 2.002 -0.990 -0.006 1.993 -0.978 -0.009
10 1.994 -0.997 0.000 1.992 -0.990 -0.003
öáñÓ 13 öáñÓ 14
K x1 x2 x3 x1 x2 x3
0 3.000 2.000 -3.000 3.000 -2.000 -3.000
1 -0.1 -0.17 0.1 1.14000 -1.69000 0.10000
2 2.2777 -0.0336 --0.644 2.45130 -0.99560 -0.25960
3 1.43413 -0.7189 0.04101 1.80985 -1.13823 0.12173
4 2.06137 -0.7177 -0.1726 2.12622 -0.99358 -0.05043
5 1.84428 -0.9118 0.00695 1.95208 -1.03669 0.03560
6 2.01217 -0.9182 -0.0478 2.03391 -0.99909 -0.01236
7 1.95691 -0.9727 0.00043 1.98775 -1.01017 0.00965
8 2.00201 -0.9763 -0.0133 2.00908 -1.00006 -0.00312
9 1.98803 -0.9916 -0.0003 1.99687 -1.00284 0.00260
10 2.00017 0.9931 -0.0037 2.00244 -1.00011 -0.00079
.7
3 x1(t/h) 3 x1(t/h)
2 2
1 1 x3(t/h) t/h
x3(t/h) t/h
0 0
-1 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 -1 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
x2(t/h) x2(t/h)
-2 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4
- 18 -
4 4
3 x1(t/h) 3 x1(t/h)
2 2
1 x3(t/h) 1 x3(t/h)
t/h t/h
0 0
-1 0 5 10 15 -1 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
x2(t/h) x2(t/h)
-2 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4
- 19 -
ï³ÉÇë, áñ ³Ûë ѳßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ë˻ٳÛÇ ¹»åùáõÙ å³Ñ³ÝçíáÕ Çï»ñ³ódzݻñÇ
ù³Ý³ÏÁ Ý߳ݳϳÉÇáñ»Ý ³í»ÉÇ ùÇã ¿, ù³Ý ÝáõÛÝ ×ßïáõÃÛ³Ý ³å³ÑáíÙ³Ý
¹»åùáõ٠ѳë³ñ³Ï Çï»ñ³ódzݻñǪ í»ñÁ ¹Çï³ñÏí³Í »Õ³Ý³ÏÇ ¹»åùáõÙ:
àôëïÇ Áëï »ñÏñáñ¹ ϳñ·Ç ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç áã
ëï³óÇáݳñ ·áñÍÁÝóóÝ»ñÇ Ï³ÛáõݳóÙ³Ý Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ë˻ٳÝ
ëáíáñ³µ³ñ ûÅïí³Í ¿ ³é³í»É Ù»Í ³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ïáõÃÛ³Ùµ, ù³Ý Áëï ³é³çÇÝ
ϳñ·Ç ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç ϳéáõóíáÕ áã
ëï³óÇáݳñ ·áñÍÁÝóóÝ»ñÇ Ï³ÛáõݳóÙ³Ý Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ë˻ٳÝ:
úñÇݳÏ: ºñÏñáñ¹ ϳñ·Ç ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç
áã ëï³óÇáݳñ ·áñÍÁÝóóÝ»ñÇ Ï³ÛáõݳóÙ³Ý Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ë˻ٳÛÇ
û·ï³·áñÍٳٵ ÉáõÍ»É
3 x cos y 0.9 ,
sin x 0.6 y 1.6
ïñ³Ýëó»Ý¹»Ýï ѳí³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Á [3]:
ÈáõÍáõÙ: àôÝ»Ýù
F ( x , y ) k 1 3 x cos y 0.9 k 2 sin x 0.6 y 1.6 min ,
2 2
x ,y
áñï»ÕÇóª
F x, y x 6k1 3x cos y 0.9 2k2 cos x 0.6 sin(x 0.6 ) y 1.6
F x, y 2k sin y 3x cos y 0.9 2k sin(x 0.6 ) y 1.6
y 1 2 :
л勉µ³ñ ³Ý¹ñ³¹³ñÓ Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ëË»Ù³Ý áõÝÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É ï»ëùÁª
x k 1 x k 2 h x k x k 1
y k 1 y k 2 h y k y k 1
4h 2 3k k 2 cos x k 0.6 3 x k - cos y k -0 .9
1
2 h k 1 sin y k k 2 sin x k 0 .6 y k 1.6 :
Àëï í»ñçÇÝÇë ëï³óí³Í ѳßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ÁÝóó³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÁ (2,1),
(2,-1), (-2,-1) ¨ (-2,1) ëϽµÝ³Ï³Ý Ùáï³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ, =1, h=0.7, k1=0.15,
k2=1 ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÇ ¨ =10-3 ×ßïáõÃÛ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í »Ý ³ÕÛ. 1.3 –áõÙ,
- 20 -
ϳÛáõݳóÙ³Ý ý³½³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï³·Í»ñÁª ÝÏ. 1.8–áõÙ, ÇëÏ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³ÛÇÝ µÝáõ-
ó·ñ»ñÁ (2,1) ëϽµÝ³Ï³Ý Ùáï³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñª ÝÏ. 1.9- áõÙ:
ºí í»ñç³å»ë, »ñÏñáñ¹ ϳñ·Ç ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³-
ϳñ·áí Ýϳñ³·ñíáÕ áã ëï³óÇáݳñ ·áñÍÁÝóóÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý í»ñÁ
µ»ñí³Í ³Ý¹ñ³¹³ñÓ ³éÝãáõÃÛ³Ý û·ï³·áñÍٳٵ ÉáõÍ»Ýù ݳ¨ í»ñÁ
¹Çï³ñÏí³Í ·Í³ÛÇÝ Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Á: =10-4 ×ßïáõÃÛ³Ùµ
ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÁ (5,10,-8)T ëϽµÝ³Ï³Ý Ùáï³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ h=0.7; =2.1
³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í »Ý ³ÕÛ. 1.4 -áõÙ ¨ ÝÏ. 1.10 -áõÙ:
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 1.3
N x y x y x y x y
0 2.00000 1.00000 2.00000 -1.00000 -2.00000 -1.00000 2.0000 1.00000
1 -0.68047 -0.58983 0.79482 -0.30240 -0.39235 -2.49150 -1.86764 -0.57989
2 -0.48543 -3.01265 0.12194 -0.75076 0.78743 -3.25472 -0.47162 -2.97204
3 -0.05482 -3.81490 0.58443 -2.01109 0.41198 -2.31592 0.53044 -3.78958
4 -0.21969 -3.01622 0.32195 -2.20476 -0.22151 -1.39873 0.12250 -2.74203
5 -0.30091 -2.14193 -0.10302 -2.00051 0.29498 -1.82094 -0.39536 -1.72576
6 0.13465 -2.01224 0.02172 -2.15920 0.48827 -2.05732 0.15348 -1.96199
7 0.37720 -1.98306 0.16952 -2.25179 0.17302 -1.82072 0.45645 -2.13229
8 0.24864 -1.78826 0.09725 -2.10601 0.11894 -1.86130 0.19097 -1.83939
9 0.20839 -1.80109 0.08760 -2.02747 0.23423 -2.05384 0.12719 -1.81978
10 0.25382 -1.94330 0.16512 -2.05442 0.17645 -2.05097 0.25237 -2.01008
11 0.20099 -1.98601 0.17344 -2.03754 0.10766 -2.01176 0.20183 -2.02349
12 0.14150 -1.99778 0.14783 -2.00530 0.14104 -2.05191 0.12097 -1.98999
13 0.14559 -2.04207 0.15604 -2.01624 0.15921 -2.06614 0.14474 -2.03829
14 0.14968 -2.06201 0.16407 -2.03124 0.13955 -2.03926 0.16153 -2.06404
15 0.13732 -2.05020 0.15347 -2.02838 0.14127 -2.03291 0.13955 -2.04221
16 0.13903 -2.04430 0.14863 -2.02930 0.15482 -2.03999 0.13847 -2.03589
17 0.14879 -2.04444 0.15201 -2.03588 0.15327 -2.03499 0.15241 -2.04321
18 0.15030 -2.03818 0.15139 -2.03663 0.14923 -2.02969 0.15218 -2.03799
19 0.14957 -2.03249 0.14918 -2.03455 0.15203 -2.03238 0.14840 -2.03118
20 0.15193 -2.03240 0.15012 -2.03489 0.15311 -2.03409 0.15149 -2.03272
21 0.15292 -2.03284 0.15123 -2.03522 0.15106 -2.03290 0.15319 -2.03410
- 21 -
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 1.4
k x1 x2 x3
0 5 10 -8
1 -3.755043 2.939481 -0.374639
2 0.190708 1.261234 -0.517884
3 2.052418 0.238645 -0.611961
4 1.754906 -0.631985 -0.093034
5 1.856133 -0.903613 -0.004169
6 2.005719 -0.958913 -0.027695
7 2.002680 -0.992182 -0.006208
8 1.995227 -1.002436 0.003091
9 2.001041 -1.001278 0.000544
10 2.001267 -1.000673 -0.000011
11 2.000057 -1.000558 0.000271
2,0
y
(-2,1) (2,1)
1,0
x
0,0
-5,0 -4,0 -3,0 -2,0 -1,0 0,0 1,0 2,0 3,0 4,0 5,0
-1,0
(-2,-1) (2,-1)
-2,0
ÜÏ. 1.8
- 22 -
2 x(t/h),y(t/h)
1
x(t/h t/h
0
-1 0 5 10 15 20
-2
y(t/h)
-3
-4
ÜÏ. 1.9
7
x1(k)
x3(k)
2
k=t/h
-1-3 1 3 5 7 9 11
x2(k)
-8
ÜÏ. 1.10
- 27 -
- »Ã» í³Ûñ¿çùÇ ýáõÝÏódzÛÇ ³ñÅ»ùÇ ÁݹѳÝáõñ Ýí³½áõÙÁ áñáß³ÏÇ
ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùµ Çï»ñ³ódzݻñÇó Ñ»ïá ÷áùñ ¿ ïñí³Í Ù»ÍáõÃÛáõÝÇó,
- »Ã» í³Ûñ¿çùÇ ýáõÝÏódzÛÇ ³ñÅ»ùÇ Ñ³ñ³µ»ñ³Ï³Ý Ýí³½áõÙÁ ÇÝã-áñ
Çï»ñ³ódzÛáõÙ ÷áùñ ¿ ïñí³Í ×ßïáõÃÛáõÝÇó ¨ ³ÛÉÝ:
Üϳï»Ýù, áñ [31] ٻݳ·ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÉÇ ¿ ½³Ý³½³Ý ϳݷ³éÇ å³ÛÙ³Ý-
Ý»ñáí, áñáÝù ݳ˳ï»ëí³Í »Ý ÇÝãå»ë áÕáñÏ, ³ÛÝå»ë ¿É áã áÕáñÏ ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ
ѳٳñ:
- 29 -
ѳëÝáõÙ »Ý ݳ¨ áñáß³ÏÇ ÏáñáõëïÝ»ñÇ ·Ýáí: ì»ñçÇÝÝ»ñë ¹³ëíáõÙ »Ý »ñÏáõ
ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ËÙµÇ.
³) ÏáñáõëïÝ»ñ, áñáÝù å³Ûٳݳíáñí³Í »Ý ѳٳñÅ»ù ËݹñÇ
ã³÷³ÛÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»Í³óٳٵ, ÇÝãÁ ѻ勉Ýù ¿ ³ÛÝ µ³ÝÇ, áñ ³Û¹ ¹»åùáõÙ
Ý»ñÙáõÍíáõÙ »Ý Éñ³óáõóÇã, ³Ûëå»ë Ïáãí³Í, §ÃáõɳóÝáÕ¦ ÷á÷á˳ϳÝÝ»ñ,
áñáÝù »ñµ»ÙÝ Éáõñç ËáãÁݹáïÝ»ñ »Ý ³é³ç³óÝáõÙ ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ
áñáÝÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï,
µ) ÏáñáõëïÝ»ñ, áñáÝù ϳåí³Í »Ý ѳٳñÅ»ù ËݹñáõÙ áã áÕáñÏ µÝáõÛ-
ÃÇ ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý Ñ»ï, áñáÝóáõÙ ãÝ³Û³Í ã»Ý û·ï³·áñÍíáõÙ
Éñ³óáõóÇã ÷á÷á˳ϳÝÝ»ñ, ë³Ï³ÛÝ áñáÝù ÍÝáõÙ »Ý ã¹Çý»ñ»ÝóíáÕ ûåïÇÙ³-
ɳóÙ³Ý Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÇ ¨ ¹ñ³Ýó íñ³ ÑÇÙÝí³Í ѳßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ³É·áñÇÃÙÝ»ñÇ
û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßïáõÃÛáõÝ [26,43,44,46,54,70,71,76,89-95,107-109]:
ºÉÝ»Éáí ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ Ýå³ï³ÏÝ»ñÇó` ϳݷ ³éÝ»Ýù 2-ñ¹ ËÙµÇ Ù»-
Ãá¹Ý»ñáõÙ û·ï³·áñÍíáÕ Ùáï»óáõÙÝ»ñÇ íñ³: Üϳï»Ýù, áñ ÝÙ³Ý Ùáï»óÙ³Ý
ÑÇÙ³Ý íñ³ µ³½Ù³½³Ý ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ »Ý ³é³ç³ñÏí³Í [101] ³ß˳ï³Ý-
ùáõÙ, áñï»Õ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ¹»ñ »Ý ˳ÕáõÙ Ý߳ݳÛÇÝ ýáõÝÏódzݻñÁ: ²Ûëï»Õ,
Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë,
c( x ) 0 (1.23)
ï»ëùÇ ë³Ñٳݳ÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÁ ѳݷ»óíáõÙ »Ý ѳí³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ï»ëùáí
Ñ»ï¨Û³É ë³Ñٳݳ÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇÝ`
s ( x ) c ( x ) c ( x ) c ( x )( 1 signc ( x )) 0 : (1.24)
²ÏÝѳÛï ¿, áñ`
0 , »Ã» c(x) 0, (1.25 ³)
s( x )
0, »Ã» c(x) 0 : (1.25 µ)
(1.25 ³) ¨ (1.25 µ) ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ µ³í³ñ³ñáõÙÝ ³Ý³Éá·³ÛÇÝ Ñ³ßíÇã
ï»ËÝÇϳÛÇ ï³ññ»ñÇ (¹Çá¹Ç) û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý ÙÇçáóáí áñ¨¿ ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝ ãÇ
Ý»ñϳ۳óÝáõÙ [9,14,27,33,36-41,84], áõëïÇ ¨ ¹Åí³ñ 㿠ݳ¨ (1.24) áã áÕáñÏ
³éÝãáõÃÛ³Ý Çñ³Ï³Ý³óáõÙÁ: ØÛáõë ÏáÕÙÇóª áÕáñÏ ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí ѳßíá-
Õ³Ï³Ý ³É·áñÇÃÙÝ»ñáõÙ ëáíáñ³µ³ñ û·ï³·áñÍíáõÙ »Ý ËݹñáõÙ å³ñáõ-
ݳÏíáÕ ³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ·ñ³¹Ç»ÝïÝ»ñÁ: ØÇÝã¹»é (1.24) ï»ëùÇ áã
áÕáñÏ ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ û·ï³·áñÍ»É
- 30 -
í»ñçÇÝÝ»ñÇë ÁݹѳÝñ³óí³Í ·ñ³¹Ç»ÝïÝ»ñÁ (ëáõµ·ñ³¹Ç»ÝïÝ»ñÁ), áñáÝù,
ëáíáñ³µ³ñ, µ³½Ù³Ýß³Ý³Ï ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ »Ý: Üϳï»Ýù, áñ
ÁݹѳÝñ³óí³Í ·ñ³¹Ç»ÝïÁ “ýáõÝÏódzÛÇ ³Í³Ýó۳ɔ ѳëϳóáõÃÛ³Ý
ÁݹѳÝñ³óáõÙÝ ¿, ¨ ³ÛÝ áñáßíáõÙ ¿ ÇÝãå»ë ÉÇåßÇóÛ³Ý, ³ÛÝå»ë ¿É áã
ÉÇåßÇóÛ³Ý ýáõÝÏódzݻñÇ ¹³ë»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ [44,54]:
¸Çï³ñÏ»Ýù (1.24) ï»ëùÇ ýáõÝÏódzݻñÇ ÁݹѳÝñ³óí³Í ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï-
Ý»ñÁ:
ÜÏ. 1.11–áõÙ s( c ( x )) ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý å³ïÏ»ñí³Í ¿ ѳëï ·Íáí: ºÃ»
- 31 -
s(c(x)) ýáõÝÏódzÛÇ s(c(x))
í»ñ·ñ³ýÇÏ
|c(x)|
Þáß³÷áÕ ÏáÝ
x1*
x2* x3 *
лݳñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ x
ÑÇå»ñѳñÃáõÃÛáõÝ
ÜáñÙ³É ÏáÝ
лݳñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ
ÑÇå»ñѳñÃáõÃÛáõÝ
c(x)
ÜÏ. 1.11
- 32 -
s(x)
s(x)=2 s(x)=2
2
1
s(x)=1 s(x)=1
a s(x)=0 c(x)
x1
x2
0
x3 c(x)
x4
x5
x6
ÜÏ. 1.12
л勉µ³ñª
s x 0 , x , :(1.28)
2) ºÝó¹ñ»Ýù
s( x ) ( c ( x ) a )( c( x ) b ) 1 sign( c( x ) a )( c ( x ) b ) 0 : (1.29)
²Ûë ¹»åùáõÙ ¿É áõÝ»Ýù Ñ»ï¨Û³É å³ïÏ»ñÁ (ÝÏ.1.13)
- 33 -
s(x)
2(c(x)-a)(c(x)-b)
a b c(x)
x1
x2
0
x3
c(x)
x4
x5
x6
ÜÏ. 1.13
л勉µ³ñª
s( x ) ( 2 c( x ) a b ) 1 sign(( c( x ) a )( c( x ) b )) c( x ),
- 34 -
áñï»ÕÇóª
0 , »Ã» a c x b ,
2 ( 2 c x a b ) c x ,
»Ã» c( x ) a , c x b ,
s( x )
( a b ) c x ,
»Ã» c x a ,
( a b ) c x ,
»Ã» c x b
ϳÙ, áñ ÝáõÛÝÝ ¿`
s( x ) 0 ;2 ( 2 c ( x ) a b ) c x : (1.30)
3) ºÝó¹ñ»Ýùª
s( x ) ( c( x ) a ) 2 ( c( x ) b ) 2 1 sign( c( x ) a )( c( x ) b )) 0 , (1.31)
áñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ áõÝ»Ýù`
s( x ) 2( c( x ) a )( c( x ) b ))( 2c( x ) a b )
1 sign(( c( x ) a )( c( x ) b ))c( x ),
áñï»ÕÇó`
0 , »Ã» a c( x ) b ,
s( x ) 4(c( x ) a )(c( x ) b)(2c( x ) a b)c( x ), »Ã» c( x ) a , c( x ) b ,
0 , »Ã» c( x ) a , c( x ) b ,
ϳÙ, áñ ÝáõÛÝÝ ¿ª
s ( x ) 0 ;4 ( c ( x ) a )( c ( x ) b )( 2 c ( x ) a b ) c ( x ) : (1.32)
4) ºÝó¹ñ»Ýùª
s( x ) c( x ) a )(c( x ) b ) p ( c( x ) a )( c( x ) b ) ( c( x ) a )( c( x ) b )
q
(1.33)
c( x ) a )(c( x ) b ) pq 1 sign( c( x ) a )( c( x ) b ))q 0,
áñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ¿É áõÝ»Ýùª
s( x ) ( p q )c( x ) a )( c( x ) b )
pq 1
( 2c( x ) a b )
1 sign(( c( x ) a )( c( x ) b )) c( x ),
q
áñï»ÕÇóª
- 35 -
0 , »Ã» a c( x ) b ,
s( x) 2( pq)(c( x)a)(c( x)b) ( 2c( x)ab)c( x), »Ã» c( x ) a, c( x ) b,
pq1
0 , »Ã» c( x ) a, c( x ) b,
ϳÙ, áñ ÝáõÛÝÝ ¿ª
s( x ) 0 ;2( p q )( c( x ) a )( c( x ) b )
p q 1
( 2c( x ) a b )c( x ) : (1.34)
- 36 -
¶ÉáõË 2. ìºðæ²ìàð вì²ê²ðàôØܺðÆ ²ìîàÜàØ
вزβð¶ºð
2.1. ²ñ³·ÁÝóó ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ
¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É í³Ûñ¿çùáí Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñ
- 37 -
ù³é³Ïáõë³ÛÇÝ ïáõ·³Ý³ÛÇÝ ýáõÝÏódzÛÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ, áñÁ (1.8)–Çó ï³ñµ»ñíáõÙ ¿
ÙÇÙdzÛÝ 0.5 k i , i 1 , n , Ïßé³ÛÇÝ ·áñͳÏÇóÝ»ñáí: ²ÛÝ Ùdzï»ë³Ï áõŻճó-
Ù³Ý ·áñͳÏÇóÝ»ñÇ k i const , i 1 , n ¹»åùáõÙ ÏѳÙÁÝÏÝÇ (1.8) Ùá¹»ÉÇ
í³Ûñ¿çùÇ Ñ»ï³·ÍÇ Ñ»ï, ÇëÏ ÁݹѳÝáõñ, ³ÛëÇÝùݪ áã Ùdzï»ë³Ï áõŻճóÙ³Ý
·áñͳÏÇóÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ Ïï³ñµ»ñíÇ Ýñ³ÝÇó` Ýñ³ Ñ»ï ϳ½Ù»Éáí ëáõñ
³ÝÏÛáõÝ ÷á÷á˳ϳÝÝ»ñÇ ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ Ï»ïáõÙ:
²ÛÅÙ, Ç ï³ñµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ (2.2), (2.3) Ùá¹»ÉÇ, áñÁ ·áñÍáõÙ ¿ x i , i 1 , n ,
÷á÷á˳ϳÝÝ»ñÇ ÷á÷áËÙ³Ý áñáß³ÏÇ ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝáõÙ, ¹Çï³ñÏ»Ýù
ѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý ùí³½Ç·Í³ÛÇÝ Ùá¹»ÉÁ, áñÁ ·áñͳéÝáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ Çñ³Ï³Ý³ó-
Ýáõ٠ݳËÝ³Ï³Ý ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý »Ýóï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ áñáß Ñ³çáñ¹³Ï³-
ÝáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³: ²Û¹ Ýå³ï³Ïáí f ( X ) ýáõÝÏóÇ³Ý Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ k –ñ¹
»Ýóï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³ Ùáï³ñÏ»Ýù Ýñ³Ý ѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý Ïïáñ-ѳñÃ
f ( X ) f ( X k ) f ( X k ) X k (2.4)
- 38 -
³ÛëÇÝùݪ Ùáï³ñÏÙ³Ý 1-ÇÝ »Ýóï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý Ï»ÝïñáÝÇÝ: ²Ûë ·áñÍÁÝóóÇ
ÏñÏÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³ñ¹»Ý áñáßí³Í X 1 (¨ áã û ÁÝïñí³Í` X 0 Ï»ÝïñáÝÇ ÝÙ³Ý)
- 39 -
2.2. ì»ñç³íáñ ѳí³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Ù»ÃṪ
ÑÇÙÝí³Í Åáñ¹³ÝÛ³Ý ³ÝÏÛáõݳ·Í³ÛݳóÙ³Ý íñ³
T
ÇëÏ e–Ý n ã³÷³ÝÇ Ùdzíáñ í»ÏïáñÝ ¿, ³ÛëÇÝùݪ e ( 1
,1 1 ) : л勉µ³ñ
,...,
n ѳï
ÏáõݻݳÝùª
X=D -1(X)e, (2.11)
ϳ٠¿É Áëï µ³Õ³¹ñÇãÝ»ñÇ ·ñ³éٳݪ
x i d ii1 ( X ), i 1, n : (2.12)
ì»ñçÇÝ ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ¿ ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñå»É
³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï ѳßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ÁÝóó³Ï³ñ·»ñ: ¸Çï³ñÏ»Ýù ³é³í»É
ï³ñ³Íí³Í ³Ý¹ñ³¹³ñÓ Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ë˻ٳݻñÇó Ù»ÏÁª ѳçáñ¹³Ï³Ý
í»ñÇÝ é»É³ùë³ódzÛÇ Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ÁÝóó³Ï³ñ·Á [17, 28, 72]:
êË»Ù³Ý áõÝÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É ï»ëùÁª
- 42 -
Xk+1=P(X k) Xk+(Xk), (2.13)
áñï»Õ P(Xk)=(1-)E –Ý ÙÇ ß»ñïÇó ÙÛáõë ß»ñïÇÝ ³ÝóÝ»Éáõ ûå»ñ³-ïáñÝ ¿,
E - ݪ n ϳñ·³ÝÇ Ùdzíáñ Ù³ïñÇóÁ, ÇëÏ (Xk)==(d11-1(Xk),...,dnn-1(Xk))T: Ø»-
Ãá¹Ç ½áõ·³ÙÇïáõÃÛ³Ý ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï å³ÛÙ³ÝÁ ѳݷáõÙ ¿ 1 1 ³Ýѳí³-
ë³ñáõÃÛ³ÝÁ, áñÁ ѳٳñÅ»ù ¿ γ˳ÝÇ ( 0 ,2 ) å³ÛÙ³ÝÇÝ [95, ¿ç 11]: òáõÛó
ï³Ýù, áñ í»ñçÇÝë áã ÙdzÛÝ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï, ³Ûɨ µ³í³ñ³ñ å³ÛÙ³Ý ¿ í»ñÁ µ»ñ-
í³Í ѳçáñ¹³Ï³Ý í»ñÇÝ é»É³ùë³ódzÛÇ Ñ³ßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ÁÝóó³Ï³ñ·Ç ѳ-
Ù³ñ, ³ÛëÇÝùݪ ³ÛÝ ½áõ·³ÙÇïáõÙ ¿ ËݹñÇ áñ¨¿ ÉáõÍÙ³ÝÁ ó³Ýϳó³Í X0 –Ç
¹»åùáõÙ:
²Ý¹ñ³¹³ñÓ ÁÝóó³Ï³ñ·Ç (k+1)–ñ¹ ù³ÛÉáõÙ áõÝ»Ýù Ñ»ï¨Û³É Ùáï³-
íáñáõÃÛáõÝÁª
k
X k 1 ( 1 )k 1 X 0 ( 1 )l d 1 ( X k ), (2.14)
l 0
áñï»ÕÇó ³ÏÝѳÛï ¿, áñª
lim ( 1 ) k 1 X 0 0 , X 0 ,
k
ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ª
k k
lim ( 1 )l lim ( 1 )l 1
k
l 0
k
l 0 1 (1 )
(áñå»ë ³é³çÇÝ ³Ý¹³Ù ¨ 1 1 ѳÛï³ñ³ñ áõÝ»óáÕ ³Ýí»ñç Ýí³½áÕ
»ñÏñ³ã³÷³Ï³Ý åñá·ñ»ëdzÛÇ ³Ý¹³ÙÝ»ñÇ ·áõÙ³ñ), ³ÛëÇÝùݪ ³Ý¹ñ³¹³ñÓ
ÁÝóó³Ï³ñ·Á, Çñáù, ³å³ÑáíáõÙ ¿ ËݹñÇ áñ¨¿ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ëï³óáõÙÁ ïíÛ³É X0-
Ç ¹»åùáõÙ: Ø»Ãá¹Ç ½áõ·³ÙÇïáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñ³·áõÃÛáõÝÁ, µÝ³Ï³Ý³µ³ñ, ϳËí³Í
¿ å³ñ³Ù»ïñÇ (é»É³ùë³ódzÛÇ å³ñ³Ù»ïñÇ) ³ñÅ»ùÇ ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝÇó, ¨,
ï»ë³Ï³Ýáñ»Ý, ³ÛÝ ³ÛÝù³Ý Ù»Í ¿, áñù³Ý –Ý Ùáï ¿ 1-ÇÝ: =1 ³ñÅ»ùÇ
¹»åùáõ٠ѳçáñ¹³Ï³Ý í»ñÇÝ é»É³ùë³ódzÛÇ Ù»Ãá¹Á (2.8) ѳٳϳñ·Ç
ѳٳñ ѳÙÁÝÏÝáõÙ ¿ ѳë³ñ³Ï Çï»ñ³ódzݻñÇ, ¼»Û¹»ÉÇ, Ú³ÏáµÇÇ ¨ ³ÛÉáó
Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÇ Ñ»ï [3, 17]:
ú·ïí»Éáí ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ù»Ãá¹Çó` ϳñ»ÉÇ ¿
Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É Ý³¨ Ñ»ï¨Û³É ²²¶¸ìØ-Á`
- 43 -
X ( t ) K X X ( t ) D ( X ( t )) e , X ( 0 ) ?,
1
(2.15)
áñï»Õ K X diag k 1 x ,..., k nx - Á µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ Ù»Í ï³ññ»ñáí áõŻճó-
Ù³Ý ·áñͳÏÇóÝ»ñÇ n ã³÷³ÝÇ ³ÝÏÛáõݳ·Í³ÛÇÝ Ù³ïñÇóÝ ¿:
úñÇݳÏ: ú·ï³·áñÍ»Éáí (2.15) ѳßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ë˻ٳÝ, ÉáõÍ»É Ñ³í³ë³-
ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É ïñ³Ýëó»Ý¹»Ýï ѳٳϳñ·Áª [48, ¿ç 183]ª
x 12 x 22 2 0 ,
x1 1
e x 23 2 0 ,
áñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÝ »Ý A(-0.713747;1.220887) ¨ B(1,1) Ï»ï»ñÁ:
ÈáõÍáõÙ: гٳϳñ·Á Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»Ýù Ñ»ï¨Û³É Ï»ñåª
x1 x2 x1 2
0
2
x1 1
x2 x2 2 e ,
áñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ ÏáõݻݳÝù Ñ»ï¨Û³É ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁª
x1 x 2
d 11 ( x 1 , x 2 ) ,
2 x 2 2 e x1 1
x 22
d 22 ( x 1 , x 2 ) :
2 e x1 1
ÊݹñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÁ èáõÝ·»-ÎáõïïÇ 4-ñ¹ ϳñ·Ç Ù»Ãá¹Ç
-6
û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ùµ (h=0.5; =10 ) 7 ÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í »Ý
³ÕÛ. 2.1 -áõÙ: ²Ûëï»Õ µ»ñí³Í »Ý ݳ¨ ݳËÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç ÉáõÍÙ³Ý
³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÁ ÜÛáõïáÝÇ Ù»Ãá¹Ç û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ùµ, Áݹ áñáõÙª 4-ñ¹ ¨ 7-ñ¹
÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ³Û¹ Ù»Ãá¹áí ùÇã û ß³ï ÁݹáõÝ»ÉÇ
Ùáï³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ã»Ý ëï³óí»É: ²ÕÛ. 2.2-áõÙ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í ¿ ËݹñÇ
³é³çÇÝ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý áñáÝÙ³Ý ¹ÇݳÙÇÏ³Ý 4-ñ¹ ÷áñÓ³ñÏÙ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ` »ñÏáõ
Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñáí ¿É, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ ÝáõÛÝ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý áñáÝÙ³Ý ¹ÇݳÙÇÏ³Ý 7-ñ¹
÷áñÓ³ñÏÙ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙª Åáñ¹³ÝÛ³Ý é»¹áõÏódzÛÇ û·ï³·áñÍٳٵ: ÜÏ. 2.1-áõÙ
Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í »Ý ËݹñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý áñáÝÙ³Ý Ñ»ï³·Í»ñÁ »ñÏáõ Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñáí ¿Éª
³é³çÇÝ »ñ»ù ÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ:
- 44 -
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 2.1
êϽµÝ. Ùáï. ÜÛáõïáÝÇ Ù»Ãá¹ Äáñ¹³ÝÛ³Ý é»¹áõÏódzÛÇ
Ù»Ãá¹
ö.
x1 x 2 k x1 x 2 k x1 x 2
1. 4 8 -0.713747 1.220887 16
4 1 0.999999
2. 13 1 1 12
-4
3. -4 61 -0.713747 1.220887 30 -0.71374 1.220887
4. 2 0.5 - - - 11 1 0.999999
5. -2 -0.5 7 -0.713747 1.220887 28
6. -6 -6 14 0.999999 1 30 -0.71374 1.220887
7. -40 40 - - - 28
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 2.2
ÜÛáõïáÝÇ Ù»Ãá¹ Äáñ¹³ÝÛ³Ý é»¹áõÏódzÛÇ Ù»Ãá¹
k x1 x2 k x1 x2 k x1 x2
0 -4 -4 0 -4 -4 0 -40 40
1 -1.624527 2.625474 1 -2.312289 -1.937711 1 -20.024380 20.000630
2 -0.866986 -1.659760 2 -1.807738 -0.707376 2 -10.059630 10.002810
3 -1.507764 -0.871225 3 -2.215466 1.584497 3 -5.119285 5.011401
4 -1.826646 0.273131 4 -1.279954 1.182562 4 -2.716046 2.545475
6 46.808460 5.562343 6 -0.747049 1.203555 6 -0.996823 1.186331
8 44.808460 -87.386460 8 -0.725360 1.214484 8 -0.742563 1.204990
10 42.808460 11.585160 10 -0.717861 1.218535 10 -0.724258 1.215064
25 27.808460 16.031930 15 -0.713424 1.221076 15 -0.712943 1.221359
40 12.790450 -5.775331 20 -0.723773 1.220872 20 -0.713812 1.220849
55 -7.498410 3.795614 25 -0.713745 1.220888 25 -0.713742 1.220890
61 -0.713747 1.220887 27 -0.713747 1.220887 27 -0.713746 1.220888
- 45 -
2
x2
A(-0.713747;1.220887)
1 B(1,1)
x 12 x 22 2 0
x1
0
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
-1
Ä.è.Ù Ü.Ù e x1 1 x 23 2 0
-2
ÜÏ. 2.1
- 46 -
Ù»Ãá¹Ç ¹»åùáõÙ k –ñ¹ Çï»ñ³ódzÛÇ ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ù³Ý³ÏÁ 0.5n(2n4-
9n3+15n2-3n+1) ¿, Áݹ áñáõÙ µ³½Ù³å³ïÏÙ³Ý ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÃÇíÁ
1/3n(2n4-9n3+15n2-3n+1) ¿, ÇëÏ ·áõÙ³ñÙ³ÝÁª 1/6n(2n4-9n3+15n2-3n+1):
²ÏÝѳÛïáñ»Ý ³é³ç³ñÏí³Í Ù»Ãá¹Á ߳ѻϳÝáñ»Ý ï³ñµ»ñíáõÙ ¿ ÜÛáõïáÝÇ
Ù»Ãá¹Çóª ٳݳí³Ý¹ Ù»Í n-»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ:
¸ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ 2: öáñÓ³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÁ óáõÛó »Ý ï³ÉÇë, áñ ³é³ç³ñÏí³Í
Ù»Ãá¹Ý Çñ ѳßíáÕ³Ï³Ý µÝáõó·ñ»ñáí µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ ÝÙ³Ý ¿ ·ñ³-
¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ »Õ³Ý³ÏÝ»ñÇÝ, ù³ÝÇ áñ ݳËÝ³Ï³Ý Ùáï³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý ó³Ýϳó³Í
³ñÅ»ùÇ ¹»åùáõÙ ÁÝóóÇÏ Ï»ïÝ ³é³çÇÝ ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ Çï»ñ³ódzݻñÇ
ÁÝóóùáõÙ ÁÝÏÝáõÙ ¿ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý –ßñç³Ï³ÛùÁ, áñÇó Ñ»ïá ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ×ß·ñïÙ³Ý
íñ³ ͳËëíáõÙ »Ý Ù»Í ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùµ Çï»ñ³ódzݻñ, (ï»°ë (-40,40) Ï»ïÇ
¹»åùáõÙ ³ÕÛ. 1.6 -áõÙ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í ¹ÇݳÙÇϳÝ; Ýϳï»Ýù ݳ¨, áñ ³Û¹
¹»åùáõÙ ÜÛáõïáÝÇ Ù»Ãá¹Ý ÁݹѳÝñ³å»ë ãÇ ³ß˳ï»É):
a 0 x 1n a 1 x 1n 1 ... a n 1 x 1 a n 0,
n n 1
a 0 x 2 a 1 x 2 ... a n 1 x 2 a n 0 ,
a x n a x n 1 ... a x a 0 :
0 n 1 n n1 n n
ì»ñçÇÝë Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»Ýù Ñ»ï¨Û³É ï»ëùáíª
- 48 -
n1 x 1n 1 x1
a 0 x 1 a1 a n1
x2 xn x1 an
x 2n x x a
a0 a 1 x 2n 2 a n1 2 2 n
x1 xn
x nn x n1 xn an :
a
0 a1 n a n 1
x1 x2
ܳËáñ¹ µ³ÅÝáõÙ ¹Çï³ñÏí³Í Åáñ¹³ÝÛ³Ý ³ÝÏÛáõݳ·Í³ÛݳóÙ³Ý
ëË»Ù³Ý ÏÇñ³é»Éáí í»ñçÇÝÇë Ýϳïٳٵª ѳݷáõÙ »Ýù Ñ»ï¨Û³É ѳñ³µ»-
ñ³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇݪ
n
xj
a i j 1 , j i 1
d i 1 ,i 1 ( X ) ( 1 ) n , i 0 , n 1 , (2.20)
a n v i 1 ( X )
áñï»Õ X=(x1,x2,..., xn)T, ÇëÏ ìÇ»ï-ÄÇñ³ñÇ v i ( X ), i 1, n 1 , ѳí³ë³ñáõ-
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ áñáßíáõÙ »Ý (2.18) -ÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ë˳Ý:
àñáß Ó¨³÷áËáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó Ñ»ïá áõÝ»Ýùª
n
a
d i 1 , i 1 ( X ) ( 1 ) n 0 x j , i 0 , n 1 , (2.21)
a n j 1
³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ Ñ»ï¨Û³É ³Ý¹ñ³¹³ñÓ ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁª
n
a
1
x 1( k 1 ) ( 1 ) n 0 x (j k ) ,
a n j 2
.....................................................................................
n n
(k ) (k )
a
x j
a
x j
x i
( k 1 ) 1
( 1 ) n i 1
an i 1
j i 1
( 1 ) n i 1
an
j i 1
1 qi
, i 2 ,n- 1 ,
x (j k ) v i X ( k )
j 1
1 i 1
(k )
(2.22)
x j 1
j
- 49 -
áñï»Õ k–Ý Çï»ñ³ódzÛÇ Ñ³Ù³ñÝ ¿:
(2.19) ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ë˳Ý
i
x (k)
j
v i X ( k ) , i 2 , n , (2.23)
j 1
áñáÝó ѳßí³éٳٵ
lim q i 0 1 , i 2 , n : (2.24)
k
- 50 -
êï³óí³Í Ùáï³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ (×ß·ñÇï ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ) ×ßÙ³ñï³óÇáõ-
ÃÛ³Ý ³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï ëïáõ·áÕ³Ï³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñ »Ý ͳé³ÛáõÙ Ñ»ï¨Û³É
ѳñ³µ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁª
an v (X )
i 1 ( X ) i 1 1, i 0 ,n- 1 , (2.29)
vn ( X ) ai 1
ϳ٠¿É
ai 1 an
a0 const , i 0 ,n- 1 (2.30)
vi 1 ( X ) vn ( X )
xi(k11 ) ( 1 )n
an
x( k 1 ) a v X( k )
vi 1 X ( k ) n i 1 n i 1 ( k ) xi(k1) i X ( k ) xi(k1) , (2.31)
ai 1 a v X
x(j k ) i 1 n
j 1
- 51 -
AQ ( X ,Y ) 0 X bQ ( X ,Y )
,
0 AR ( X ,Y ) Y b R ( X ,Y )
áñï»Õ
A( X ,Y ) diagAQ ( X ,Y ), AR ( X ,Y ) , Z X T Y T
T
,
f(X)
f(X)
Ä Ä ²²¶¸ìØ
²²¶¸ìØ
Ä ²²¶¸ìØ
Ä
Ä
x2 x4 x5 x3 ²²¶¸ìØ x1
-9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 X11
Ä
²²¶¸ìØ ²²¶¸ìØ
²²¶¸ìØ
Ä
f(X)
Ä
²²¶¸ìØ
Ä
²²¶¸ìØ
ÜÏ. 2.2
- 53 -
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 2.4
k x1(k) x2(k) x3(k) x4(k) x5(k)
0 15 -13 11 -8 7
1 6.291385 -4.807987 3.627899 -2.814467 2.664416
2 13.363904 -4.989081 2.882956 -1.788158 1.509304
3 14.078616 -8.703850 3.179455 -1.798330 1.042826
4 11.162686 -8.054431 3.898059 -1.898139 1.002938
5 9.982273 -7.207535 4.096301 -1.973631 0.990651
10 10.006598 -7.000604 3.996779 -1.999799 1.000236
16 9.999936 -6.999949 4.000010 -2.000007 1.000000
19 10.000010 -7.000003 3.999997 -1.999999 1.000000
22 10.000000 -7.000000 4.000000 -2.000000 1.000000
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 2.5
k 1( X(k)) 2( X(k)) 3( X(k)) 4( X(k)) 5( X(k))
1 0.000466 0.000932 0.001684 0.005337 0.139307
2 0.120562 0.127418 0.112048 0.192525 0.246989
3 1.851115 1.110940 0.561763 0.554868 0.414618
4 2.865062 2.074402 0.907136 0.837202 0.537126
5 1.386770 1.751068 1.289845 0.947402 0.737753
10 0.938608 0.925082 1.011867 1.037610 1.006218
31 1.000012 1.000013 0.999995 0.999993 1.000000
43 1.000000 0.999999 0.999999 0.999999 1.000000
49 0.999999 1.000000 0.999999 0.999999 0.999999
- 54 -
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 2.6
k 1( X(k)) 2( X(k)) 3( X(k)) 4( X(k)) 5( X(k))
1 0.009280 0.018470 0.033120 0.101271 0.244546
2 1.452144 1.216114 0.792403 0.787452 0.569891
3 0.203219 0.234070 0.211953 0.340659 0.409064
4 1.339965 1.046654 0.735644 0.698771 0.605050
5 0.809874 0.720150 0.503578 0.587761 0.517138
10 0.800819 0.998778 1.048584 1.000341 0.884021
16 1.000125 1.000392 1.000168 0.999837 0.999908
19 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 0.999999 1.000000
22 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000
- 55 -
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 2.8
k x1(k) x2(k) x3(k) x4(k) x5(k)
6 15 13 11 8 7
7 13.038410 -6.908222 3.772791 1.909668 0.862933
8 10.610320 6.818810 3.940900 1.996131 0.983936
9 10.071090 6.961023 3.995983 1.999988 0.999511
- 56 -
¶ÉáõË 3. زºزîÆÎ²Î²Ü Ìð²¶ð²ìàðØ²Ü ÊܸÆðܺð
3.1. سûٳïÇÏ³Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñ³íáñÙ³Ý Ùdzã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ ËݹÇñÝ»ñ
3.1.1. ²ÝÁݹѳï ËݹÇñÝ»ñ
ÀݹѳÝáõñ ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ
¸Çï³ñÏ»Ýù ٳûٳïÇÏ³Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñ³íáñÙ³Ý ³é³í»É ÁݹѳÝáõñ
¹³ëÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É ËݹÇñÁª
L( X ) min n , (3.1)
Xx E
x : C( X ) 0 , (3.2)
áñï»Õ L(X) – Á ëϳÉÛ³ñ áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ ¿, ÇëÏ
C ( X ) c 1 ( X ),..., c m ( X ) -Áª ÷ÝïñíáÕ X x 1 ,..., x n
T T
÷á÷á˳ϳÝ-
- 57 -
Ý³Ï »Õ³Ý³ÏÝ»ñÝ ³é³ÝÓݳå»ë ß³ï ã»Ý: ØÇ ¹»åùáõÙ å³ÛÙ³Ý³Ï³Ý ûåïÇ-
ٳɳóÙ³Ý (3.1) ¨ (3.2) ËݹÇñÁ ѳݷ»óíáõÙ ¿ áã å³ÛÙ³Ý³Ï³Ý ûåïÇٳɳó-
Ù³Ý ËݹñǪ ݳËÝ³Ï³Ý ËݹñÇ ã³÷³ÛÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»Í³óÙ³Ý ·Ýáí (ȳ·ñ³ÝÅÇ
³Ýáñáß µ³½Ù³å³ïÏÇãÝ»ñÇ Ù»Ãá¹Áª ѳí³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ï»ëùáí ë³ÑÙ³-
ݳ÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ ¨ ÎáõÝ-³ϻñÇ Ù»Ãá¹Áª ³Ýѳí³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ
ï»ëùáí ë³Ñٳݳ÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ): ØÇ ³ÛÉ ¹»åùáõÙ ËݹÇñÁ ѳÝ-
·»óíáõÙ ¿ áã å³ÛÙ³Ý³Ï³Ý ûåïÇٳɳóÙ³Ý ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ áñáß³ÏÇ µ³½Ùáõ-
Ã۳ݪ ³é³Ýó ٻͳóÝ»Éáõ ݳËÝ³Ï³Ý ËݹñÇ ã³÷³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ (ûñÇݳϪ ïáõ-
·³Ý³ÛÇÝ ýáõÝÏódzݻñÇ »Õ³Ý³ÏÁ): ê³Ï³ÛÝ È³·ñ³ÝÅÇ »Õ³Ý³ÏÁ ϳñáÕ ¿
ÉÇÝ»É áã åÇï³ÝÇ, Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë, áã áõéáõóÇÏ ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ, ùÇã
³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ïª Ù»Í ã³÷³ÛÝáõÃÛ³Ùµ ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ:
îáõ·³Ý³ÛÇÝ ýáõÝÏódzݻñÇ Ù»Ãá¹Ç û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ ï»ÕÇ áõÝÇ
³é³í»É³·áõÛÝ ûåïÇٳɳóÝáÕ ¿ý»Ïï [42]:
îáõ·³Ý³ÛÇÝ ýáõÝÏódzݻñÇ Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÁ µ³Å³ÝíáõÙ »Ý å³ñ³Ù»ïñ³Ï³Ý
(Ý»ñùÇÝ Ï»ïÇ Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñ, ³ñï³ùÇÝ Ï»ïÇ Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñ, ½áõ·áñ¹í³Í Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñ) ¨
áã å³ñ³Ù»ïñ³Ï³Ý (Ï»ÝïñáÝÝ»ñÇ Ù»Ãá¹Á ¨ ³ÛÉÝ) Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÇ: Æ
ï³ñµ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ Ý»ñùÇÝ Ï»ïÇ Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñǪ ³ñï³ùÇÝ Ï»ïÇ Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÝ ûÅïí³Í
»Ý Ù»Í ³é³í»ÉáõÃÛ³Ùµ. Ýñ³Ýù ëáíáñ³µ³ñ ã»Ý û·ï³·áñÍáõÙ ÎáõÝ-³ϻñÇ
é»·áõÉÛ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ, ÇÝãÁ Ý߳ݳϳÉÇáñ»Ý ÁݹɳÛÝáõÙ ¿ ³Û¹ Ù»-
Ãá¹Ý»ñÇ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÝ ³Ù»Ý³ï³ñµ»ñ ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ:
´³óÇ ³Û¹, Ýñ³ÝóáõÙ ãÇ å³Ñ³ÝçíáõÙ ëϽµÝ³Ï³Ý Ï»ïÇ §ÃáõÛɳïñ»ÉÇáõÃ۳ݦ
ѳݷ³Ù³ÝùÇ µ³ó³Ñ³ÛïÙ³Ý ³é³ÝÓÇÝ ÁÝóó³Ï³ñ·Ç ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÙ, ÇÝãÝ
³Ýѳٻٳï å³ñ½»óÝáõÙ ¿ ѳßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍÁÝóóÝ»ñÁ:
î³ñµ»ñáõÙ »Ý ïáõ·³Ý³ÛÇÝ ýáõÝÏódzݻñÇ ÷³Ï Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñ, áñáÝóáõÙ
ïáõ·³Ý³ÛÇÝ ·áñͳÏÇóÝ»ñÁ ÙÝáõÙ »Ý í»ñç³íáñ, ¨ ³ëÇÙåïáïÇÏ Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñ,
áñáÝóáõÙ ïáõ·³Ý³ÛÇÝ ·áñͳÏÇóÝ»ñÁ Ó·ïáõÙ »Ý ½ñáÛÇ Ï³Ù ¿É ³Ýí»ñçáõÃÛ³Ý:
îáõ·³Ý³ÛÇÝ ýáõÝÏódzݻñÇ ½³Ý³½³Ý Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÇ ½áõ·³ÙÇïÙ³Ý ³ñ³·áõ-
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ëáíáñ³µ³ñ ·Ý³Ñ³ïíáõÙ »Ý ¹»åÇ ûåïÇÙáõÙÁ ï³ÝáÕ Ù»Í ù³ÛÉ»ñÇ
ù³Ý³Ïáí:
- 58 -
(3.1), (3.2) ËݹñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÁ
X : S ( C ( X )) 0 : (3.4)
L ( X ) L( X ) 2 S T ( X ) K S ( X ) 0 , (3.6)
- 59 -
áñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ áñáßÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ϳñáÕ »Ý û·ï³·áñÍí»É í»ñÁ
T
¹Çï³ñÏí³Í ²²ê¶¸ìØ-Á (³Ûëï»Õ L ( X ) ( L x 1 ( X ),..., L x n ( X )) -Á ¨
K K S ( X K ) S ( X K ) X K ( t ) , (3.11)
X K 1 X K X K* , X 0 ? int X , X K ( 0 ) ?, K , (3.12)
L L( X K ) LT ( X K ) X *K : (3.13)
- 60 -
X
L(Xn)
Ci+1(X)<0 Xn*=Xn-1+Xn0(t)
Xn-1=Xn-2+Xn-10(t)
L(Xn-1)
X³ÝÁݹÑ..(t)
L(Xi) Xùí³½.(t)
L(X3)
L(X2)
0
X3=X2+X3 (t) L(X1)
X2=X1+X20(t) L(X0)
X1=X0+X10(t)
Ci-1(X)<0
X0 Ci(X)<0
ÜÏ 3.1
- 61 -
(3.9) Ùá¹»ÉÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ùí³½Ç·Í³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³ñÅ»ùÝ ¿É ѻ勉ÉÝ
¿`
X K ( t ) K X L( X K ) , (3.14)
X K 1 X K X *K , X 0 ? int X , X K ( 0 ) ?, K , (3.15)
L L( X K ) LT ( X K ) X *K : (3.16)
(3.10) - (3.13) Ùá¹»ÉÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ²ìîÐ-Ç ï»ëùÁ.
l 1
X K ( t ) E X h K S ( X K ) K S ( X K ) X K
l
l
(3.17)
T
hK l K X L( X K ) S ( X K ) S ( X K ) ,
X K 1 X K X
l
Kl , X 0 ? X , X K0 ?, (3.18)
L L( X K ) LT ( X K ) X K l : (3.19)
l
..., 1 signc m ( X k ) , (3.20) ï³ñµ»ñáõóÛÇÝ ë˻ٳÛÇó ϳñáÕ »Ýù ëï³Ý³É
2
- 62 -
X K l 1
T
EX hKl k1 k 2 C ( X K ) SGC( X K ) C( X K ) X K l
(3.21)
hK l k1 L( X K ) k 2 C T ( X K ) SGC( X K ) C( X K ) ,
áñï»Õ
0 , »Ã» c1 ( X K ) 0 0 , »Ã» c m ( X K ) 0
SGC( X K ) diag 1, »Ã» c1 ( X K ) 0 ,..., 1, »Ã» cm ( X K ) 0 (3.22)
4 , »Ã» c1 ( X K ) 0 4 , »Ã» cm ( X K ) 0
- 63 -
- ³ÙµáÕçáõÃÛ³Ùµ ï»Õ³µ³ßËí³Í ÏÉÇÝ»Ý X - Ç íñ³` ë³Ñٳݳ÷³ÏáÕ
å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ Áݹ³Ù»ÝÁ 1 Ñݳñ³íáñ ï³ñµ»ñ³ÏÇ ¹»åùáõÙ, ³ÛëÇÝùÝ, »ñµ
c j ( X ) 0 , j 1 , m ,
- Ù³ëݳÏÇáñ»Ý ï»Õ³µ³ßËí³Í ÏÉÇÝ»Ý X ÃáõÛɳïñ»ÉÇ ïÇñáõÛÃÇ ÇÝã-áñ ã³-
n
÷³ÛÝáõÃÛ³Ùµ ÏáÕÇ íñ³ ¨ Ù³ëݳÏÇáñ»Ý E \ X - áõÙ` ë³Ñٳݳ÷³ÏáÕ
m1
å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ 2 ( 2 1 ) ѳï Ñݳñ³íáñ ï³ñµ»ñ³ÏÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ,
áñáÝó Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ·áÝ» Ù»Ï ë³Ñٳݳ÷³ÏáõÙ ï»ÕÇ Ïáõݻݳ ѳí³-
ë³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ï»ëùáí, ÇëÏ ÙÛáõëÝ»ñÁ Ï˳Ëïí»Ý ϳ٠¿É ѳϳé³ÏÁ,
- Ù³ëݳÏÇáñ»Ý ï»Õ³µ³ßËí³Í ÏÉÇÝ»Ý int X –áõÙ, Ù³ëݳÏÇáñ»Ýª X
ÃáõÛɳïñ»ÉÇ ïÇñáõÛÃÇ ÇÝã-áñ ã³÷³ÛÝáõÃÛ³Ùµ ÏáÕÇ íñ³ ¨ Ù³ëݳÏÇáñ»Ýª
E n \ X – áõÙ ë³Ñٳݳ÷³ÏáÕ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ 3 ( 3 m 1 2 m 1 ) ѳï
Ñݳñ³íáñ ï³ñµ»ñ³ÏÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ, áñáÝó Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ·áÝ» Ù»Ï
ë³Ñٳݳ÷³ÏáõÙ ï»ÕÇ Ïáõݻݳ ËÇëï ³Ýѳí³ë³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ï»ëùáí,
Ù»ÏÁª ѳí³ë³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ï»ëùáí, ÇëÏ Ù»ÏÝ ¿É Ï˳ËïíÇ,
n
- Ù³ëݳÏÇáñ»Ý ï»Õ³µ³ßËí³Í ÏÉÇÝ»Ý int X –áõÙ ¨ Ù³ëݳÏÇáñ»Ý E \ X
m1
–áõÙª ÝáõÛÝå»ë ë³Ñٳݳ÷³ÏáÕ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ íÇ׳ÏÇ 2 ( 2 1 ) ѳï
Ñݳñ³íáñ ï³ñµ»ñ³ÏÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ, áñáÝó Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ·áÝ» Ù»Ï ë³ÑÙ³-
ݳ÷³ÏáõÙ ï»ÕÇ Ïáõݻݳ ËÇëï ³Ýѳí³ë³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ï»ëùáí, ¨ ·áÝ»
Ù»ÏÝ ¿É Ï˳ËïíÇ,
- ٳݳÏÇáñ»Ý ï»Õ³µ³ßËí³Í ÏÉÇÝ»Ý E n \ X –áõÙ ë³Ñٳݳ÷³ÏáÕ å³Û-
Ù³ÝÝ»ñÇ ÝáõÛÝå»ë 1 Ñݳñ³íáñ ï³ñµ»ñ³ÏÇ ¹»åùáõÙ, ³ÛëÇÝùÝ, »ñµ
c j ( X ) 0 , j 1 , m :
ê³Ñٳݳ÷³ÏáÕ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ íÇ׳ÏÝ»ñÇ Ýßí³Í 7 Ñݳñ³íáñ ¹»å-
ù»ñÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ù³Ý³ÏÝ»ñÁ, ϳËí³Í ë³Ñٳݳ÷³ÏáÕ å³ÛÙ³Ý-
Ý»ñÇ ÃíÇó, µ»ñí³Í »Ý ³ÕÛ. 3.1-áõÙ:
- 64 -
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 3.1
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 1 - 1 - - - 1
2 1 2 1 2 - 2 1
3 1 6 1 6 6 6 1
4 1 14 1 14 36 14 1
5 1 30 1 30 150 30 1
⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮
- 65 -
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 3.2
m P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7
1 1/3 - 1/3 - - - 1/3
2 1/9 2/9 1/9 2/9 - 2/9 1/9
3 1/27 6/27 1/27 6/27 6/27 6/27 1/27
4 1/81 14/81 1/81 14/81 36/81 14/81 1/81
5 1/243 30/243 1/243 30/243 150/243 30/243 1/243
⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮
-5 -2 -5 -2 -2
10 1.6910 1.7310 1.6910 1.7310 0.94802 1.7310 1.6910-5
⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ ⋮
m 1 2(2m-1-1) 1 2 (2m-1-1) 3 (3m-1-2m+1) 2 (2m-1-1) 1
C 1 ( x 1 , x 2 ) x 12 3 ,5 x 2 0 ,
C 2 ( x 1 , x 2 ) x 1 ( x 2 3 ) 2 2 ,2 0 ,
C 3 ( x1 , x 2 ) x1 x2 6 0 ,
C 4 ( x 1 , x 2 ) x 1 2 x 2 1 ,5 0 ,
áñÇ ûåïÇÙ³É ÉáõÍáõÙÁ x*1 1 ,5 ; x*2 4 ,5 ; L* 12 ,5 :
ÈáõÍáõÙ: (3.17)- (3.19) Ùá¹»ÉÇ ÑÇÙ³Ý íñ³ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óí³Í 26
Ù»ù»Ý³Û³Ï³Ý ÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÁ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í »Ý ³ÕÛ. 3.3-áõÙ:
²ñÙ³ïÇ áñáÝÙ³Ý ×ßïáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ѳٻٳﳵ³ñ ÷áùñ ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùµ
Çï»ñ³ódzݻñÇ ï»ë³ÝÏÛáõÝÇó ÁݹáõÝ»ÉÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñ ëï³óí»É »Ý 1,6,7,13
÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ: Öß·ñÇï ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñ ëï³óí»É »Ý 16,19-21,24 ¨
25 ÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ, ãÝ³Û³Í ëñ³ÝóÇó Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ
å³Ñ³Ýçí»É »Ý ѳٻٳﳵ³ñ ³í»ÉÇ Ù»Í ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùµ Çï»ñ³ódzݻñ:
1,3,7,15 ¨ 16 ÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ ËݹñÇ ³ñÙ³ïÇ áñáÝÙ³Ý
ëáõµ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï³·Í»ñÇ ëϽµÝ³Ï³Ý ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ Ñ³ïí³ÍÝ»ñÇ ýñ³·-
Ù»ÝïÝ»ñÁ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í »Ý ÝÏ. 3.2-áõÙ, ÇëÏ 6 ¨ 7 ÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ
- 66 -
ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ÷ÝïñÙ³Ý ¹ÇݳÙÇϳݪ ѳٳå³ï³ë˳ݳµ³ñ ³ÕÛ. 3.4-áõÙ ¨ ³ÕÛ.
3.5-áõÙ:
Üϳï»Ýù, áñ ³é³ç³ñÏí³Í ²ìîÐ-Á ÷áñÓ³ñÏí»É ¿ ٳûٳïÇϳϳÝ
Íñ³·ñ³íáñÙ³Ý ½³Ý³½³Ý ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ (áõéáõóÇÏ, ù³é³Ïáõë³ÛÇÝ, »ñÏñ³ã³-
÷³Ï³Ý, ë»å³ñ³µ»É³ÛÇÝ, Ïáïáñ³Ï³-·Í³ÛÇÝ, ·Í³ÛÇÝ) ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ [39]:
¶Í³ÛÇÝ Íñ³·ñ³íáñÙ³Ý ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ ëï³óí»É »Ý
ѳٻٳﳵ³ñ Ù»Í ë˳ɳÝùÝ»ñ, áñáÝù áã ÙÇ Ï»ñå ãÇ Ñ³çáÕí»É ÷áùñ³óÝ»É:
²Ûë ѳݷ³Ù³ÝùÁ, Áëï »ñ¨áõÛÃÇÝ, ϳåí³Í ¿ ÇÝãå»ë ïáõ·³Ý³ÛÇÝ ýáõÝÏódz-
Ý»ñÇ Ù»Ãá¹Ç ûñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï [42] ·Í³ÛÇÝ Íñ³·ñ³íáñÙ³Ý ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ
ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï, ³ÛÝå»ë ¿É í»ñçÇÝÝ»ñÇë Ý»ñùÇÝ ûåïÇٳɳóÙ³Ý Ñ³ïÏáõ-
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ µ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ»ï (ËݹñÇ Û³ÏáµÛ³ÝÁ ÙÝáõÙ ¿ ³Ý÷á÷áË ý³½³-
ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï³·Í»ñÇ µáÉáñ ÁÝóóÇÏ Ï»ï»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ): ØÇÝã¹»é ٻͳù³Ý³Ï ³ÛÉ
ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ ÝÙ³Ý ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ã»Ý ͳ·»É:
x2 (10,8)
(-12,8) L=12.5 c1 =0
6
c4 =0
4
2 (8,2)
c3 =0
x1
0
-12 -8 -4 0 4 8
c2 =0 12
-2
L=130
-4
-6
(9,-6)
(-14,--7) L=272 -8
ÜÏ. 3.2
- 67 -
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 3.3
Φ M x10 x20 K1 K2 h KI L* x*1 x*2
1 -12 8 102 10-2 279 12.52 -1.343 4.663
2 -10 -9 104 10-4
3 0.25 9 -6 50 4·10-2 833 12.44 -1.546 4.466
2 -2
4 -5 -1 10 3·10
5 -14 -7 103 2·10-3
6 -4 7 4 12.47 -1.503 4.503
2
10-2
7 8 2 10 7 12.48 -1.437 4.570
-2
8 0.5 2·10 10
14 7.5 -3
9 2·10 500 13.01 -1.449 4.449
103
10 4 10-3
11 10 8 100 15.40 -1.225 4.225
102 10-2
12 4
1.0
13 -5 -1 2·10-3 172 12.54 -1.494 4.498
-3
14 -4 7 3·10
15 -14 -7 419 12.50 -1.494 4.507
3
16 10 25 648 12.50 -1.500 4.500
10 8
17 1.5 10-3 75
18 -14 -7
25
19 -4 7 2018 12.50 -1.500 4.500
2 -2
20 4 8 10 10 3505 12.50 -1.500 4.500
3 -3
21 2.0 14 7.5 10 10 634 12.50 -1.500 4.501
22 -12 8 102 10-2
10
23 -14 7
2.5
24 4 8 878 12.50 -1.500 4.500
103 10-3
25 4 8 1521 12.50 -1.500 4.500
3.0
26 0 1.5 1 2125 12.50 -1.559 4.441
- 68 -
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 3.3-Ç ß³ñáõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ
Φ c1 c2 c3 c4 ρ Δx1 Δx2
1 -14.52 -1.909 0.006242 -9.169 17.280 0.000999 -0.000100
2 ijٳݳÏÇó ßáõï ϳݷ³é
3 -13.24 -1.496 0.012470 -8.979 16.070 0.000099 0.000099
4 Þñç³åïáõÛï 100-ñ¹ Çï»ñ³ódzÛÇó Ñ»ï᪠300 Çï»ñ³ódz å³ñµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ùµ
5 ¸³Ý¹³Õáñ»Ý ½áõ·³ÙÇïáÕ ·áñÍÁÝóó
6 -13.50 -1.562 0.006242 -9.009 16.310 -0.000012 0.000012
7 -13.93 -1.700 0.006242 -9.076 16.710 -0.000083 -0.000083
8 Þñç³åïáõÛï 300 Çï»ñ³ódz å³ñµ»ñáõÃÛ³Ùµ
9 -13.47 -1.350 -0.101400 -8.848 16.420 0102.000 -0.102000
10 c3(X)=0 ·Íáí ¹³Ý¹³Õáñ»Ý ½áõ·³ÙÇïáõÙ ¿ ³ñÙ³ïÇÝ
11 -13.01 -0.527 -0.549400 -8.1769 16.9900 0.555000 -0.555000
12 î³ï³ÝáõÙÝ»ñ ³ñÙ³ïÇ ßáõñç (9≤L≤15)
13 -13.51 -1.538 -0.007750 -8.990 16.310 0.005581 -0.005580
14 î³ñ³ÙÇïáÕ ·áñÍÁÝóó
15 -13.50 -1.551 0.000612 -9.001 16.300 0.000009 -0.000009
16 -13.50 -1.551 0.000559 -9.001 16.300 0.000049 -0.000049
17 àõÅ»Õ ï³ï³ÝáÕ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍÁÝóó
18 î³ï³ÝáÕ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍÁÝóó
19 -13.50 -1.551 0.000523 -9.001 16.300 0.000076 -0.000077
20 -13.50 -1.551 0.000577 -9.001 16.300 0.000032 -0.000032
21 -13.50 -1.552 0.000544 -9.001 16.300 0.000053 -0.000054
22 î³ñ³ÙÇïáÕ ·áñÍÁÝóó
23 î³ñ³ÙÇïáÕ ·áñÍÁÝóó
24 -13.50 -1.551 0.000051 -9.001 16.300 0.000073 -0.000073
25 -13.50 -1.552 0.000057 -9.001 16.300 0.000032 -0.000032
26 -13.11 -1.437 0.000055 -8.942 15.940 0.000090 -0.000002
- 69 -
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 3.4
KI x1 x2 Δx1 Δx2 L
0 -4.000000 7.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
1 -1.500000 4.500000 2.500000 -2.500000 12.500000
2 -1.513000 4.512000 -0.012500 0.012500 12.380000
3 -1.503000 4.503000 0.009391 -0.009391 12.470000
4 -1.503000 4.503000 -0.000012 0.000012 12.470000
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 3.5
KI x1 x2 Δx1 Δx2 L
0 8.000000 2.000000 0.000000 0.000000 169.000000
1 4.574000 2.710000 -3.426000 0.710100 91.20000
2 3.445000 3.088000 -1.129000 0.377000 70.740000
3 3.231000 3.166000 -0.214000 0.077850 67.000000
4 -1.654000 4.788000 -4.886000 1.622000 10.400000
5 -1.436000 4.570000 0.218100 -0.218200 12.480000
6 -1.437000 4.570000 -0.000356 0.000189 12.480000
7 -1.437000 4.570000 -0.000083 -0.000083 12.480000
- 71 -
S ( P 1 , r ) S ( P , r 1 ) P S ( P , r ), r P , (3.27)
Áݹ áñáõÙª
0 , »Ã» P r - Á ½áõÛ· ¿,
S(P,r) (3.28)
0 , »Ã» P r - Á Ï»Ýï ¿ :
²ÛÅÙ áñáß ³ÙµáÕç³ÃÇí áã ¹ñ³Ï³Ý ( x 0 ) ÷á÷á˳ϳÝÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ÝÙ³Ý
Ó¨áí Ý»ñÙáõÍ»Ýù Ñ»ï¨Û³É ³ñï³¹ñáÕ ýáõÝÏódzݪ
P 1
R*P ( x ) ( x k ) 0 , P N (3.29)
k 0
ϳ٠¿Éª
P
R*P ( x ) S * ( P , r ) x r 0 , r N , (3.30)
r 1
*
áñï»Õª S ( P , r ) ·áñͳÏÇóÝ»ñÁ Ýß³ÝÇ ×ßïáõÃÛ³Ùµ ѳÙÁÝÏÝáõÙ »Ý S ( P , r )
·áñͳÏÇóÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï, ÇëÏ ³í»ÉÇ ×Çßïª
S * ( P , r ) ( 1 ) P r S ( P , r ) 0 , P , r : (3.31)
²ÛÅÙ (3.26) ¨ (3.30) ýáõÝÏódzݻñÇ Ñ³ßí³éٳٵ Ý»ñÙáõÍ»Ýù Ñ»ï¨Û³É
ÁݹѳÝñ³óí³Í ³ñï³¹ñáÕ ýáõÝÏódzݪ
P
R*2 P ( x ) R P ( x ) R*P ( x ) ( 2 P ,2 r ) x 2 r 0 : (3.32)
r 1
r 1 2 3 4 5
S(P,r) 24 -50 35 -10 -1
S*(P,r) 24 50 35 10 1
ÜÏ. 3.3
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 3.6
r
1 1
2 1 1
3 1 3 1
4 1 3 3 1
5 1 3 5 3 1
6 1 3 5 5 3 1
7 1 3 5 7 5 3 1
- 73 -
áñï»ÕÇó Ñ»ï¨áõÙ »Ý Ñ»ï¨Û³É ѳí³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁª
S( P ,r 1 ) r S( P ,r ) , (3.37)
S* ( P ,r 1 ) r S * ( P ,r ) , (3.38)
( 2 P ,2 r 1 ) 2 r ( 2 P ,2 r ) : (3.39)
S( X ) 0 , (3.41)
R2 P ( X ) 0 , (3.42)
T
áñï»Õ R 2 P ( X ) ( R2 P ( x 1 ),..., R 2 P ( x n )) –Á (3.32) ï»ëùÇ ë³Ñٳݳ÷³ÏáÕ
å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ n ã³÷³ÝÇ í»ÏïáñÝ ¿ (å³ñ½áõÃÛ³Ý Ýå³ï³Ïáí ѻﳷ³ÛáõÙ
2P Çݹ»ùëÝ»ñÁ µ³ó ÏÃáÕÝí»Ý): àõëïÇ ³ÝÁݹѳï ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Ñ³-
Ù³ñ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í Ùáï»óáõÙÝ ³ÙµáÕçáõÃÛ³Ùµ ÏÇñ³é»ÉÇ ¿ ݳ¨ (3.40)-(3.42)
ËݹñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ: л勉µ³ñ ÁݹɳÛÝí³Í áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÁª
L ( X ) L( X ) Q T ( X ) K Q Q( X ), (3.43)
T T
Q ST RT K Q Q( X ( t )) K S S ( X ( t )) K R R( X ( t ))
T T
, (3.46)
áñï»Õ K X diag ( k x1 ,..., k xn ) –Ý áõŻճóÙ³Ý ·áñͳÏÇóÝ»ñÇ n ϳñ·³ÝÇ
³ÝÏÛáõݳ·Í³ÛÇÝ Ù³ïñÇóÝ ¿:
ì³Ûñ¿çùÇ Ñ»ï³·ÍÇ ÁÝóóÇÏ Ï»ïÁ ÃáõÛɳïñ»ÉÇ ïÇñáõÛÃÇ Ý»ñëÝ
ÁÝÏÝ»Éáõ ¹»åùáõÙ (3.45), (3.46) Ùá¹»ÉÁ í»ñ³ÍíáõÙ ¿ ²²¶¸ìØ-Ç ¨ ÁݹáõÝáõÙ ¿
Ñ»ï¨Û³É ï»ëùÁª
X ( t ) K X L( X ( t )) R ( X ( t )) R , X ( 0 ) ? X , (3.47)
T
Q K R R( X ( t )) , (3.48)
K S ( X K ) S ( X K ) X K ( t )
Q K S K S , (3.50)
R K K R R( X K ) R( X K ) X K ( t )
X K 1 X K X *K , X 0 ? X , X K ( 0 ) ?, K , (3.51)
- 76 -
L( X K 1 ) L( X K ) LT ( X K ) X *K , (3.52)
X K 1 X K X *K , X 0 ? X , X K ( 0 ) ?, K , (3.55)
L( X K 1 ) L( X K ) LT ( X K ) X *K , (3.56)
X K l 1
T
E X hQ K l K X Q ( X K ) K Q Q( X K ) X K l
(3.57)
hK l K X L( X K ) Q T ( X K ) K Q Q( X K ) ,
X K 1 X K X K l , X 0 ? X , X K 0 ? , (3.58)
l
L( X K 1 ) L( X K ) LT ( X K ) X K l , (3.59)
l
X K l1
E X h R K K X R T ( X K ) K R R ( X K ) X K l
(3.60)
hRK K X L( X K ) R T ( X K ) K R R( X K ) ,
X K 1 X K X K l , X 0 ? X , X K 0 ? , (3.61)
l
L( X K 1 ) L( X K ) LT ( X K ) X K l : (3.62)
l
- 77 -
L( x 1 , x 2 ) ( x 1 a ) 2 ( x 2 b ) 2 min ,
x1 , x 2
2
C 1 ( x1 , x 2 ) x x 2 0 ,
1
C 2 ( x1 , x 2 ) x2 4 0 ,
x1 , x 2 Z ,
áñï»Õ Z –Ý ³ÙµáÕç Ãí»ñÇ µ³½ÙáõÃÛáõÝÝ ¿:
ÈáõÍáõÙ: ÊݹñÇ »ñÏñ³ã³÷áõÃÛ³Ý áã µ³ñ¹ í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ, Ù³ëݳ-
íáñ³å»ë (a,b) ½áõÛ·Ç 10 ï³ñµ»ñ³ÏÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ µ»ñáõÙ ¿ ³ÕÛ. 3.8-áõÙ Ý»ñϳ-
Û³óí³Í ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÇÝ: ÊݹñÇ Ù»ù»Ý³Û³Ï³Ý ÙṻɳíáñÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÝ
³é³çÇÝ 3 ï³ñµ»ñ³ÏÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñª Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñÇ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï 5 ÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙ-
Ý»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í »Ý ³ÕÛ. 3.9-áõÙ: ÊݹñÇ Ùáï³íáñ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý
÷ÝïñÙ³Ý ¹ÇݳÙÇÏ³Ý (3.45), (3.46) Ùá¹»ÉÇ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý ÑÇÙ³Ý íñ³ 2-ñ¹
ï³ñµ»ñ³ÏÇ 3-ñ¹ ÷áñÓ³ñÏÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ µ»ñí³Í ¿ ³ÕÛ. 3.10-áõÙ, ÇëÏ ³Û¹
Ùáï³ñÏÙ³Ý ×ß·ñïÙ³Ý ¹ÇݳÙÇÏ³Ý ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ Çï»ñ³ódzݻñÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ
(3.60)-(3.62) Ùá¹»ÉÇ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙª ³ÕÛ. 3.11-áõÙ: ²é³çÇÝ 3 ï³ñµ»-
ñ³ÏÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ËݹñÇ Ù»ù»Ý³Û³Ï³Ý ÙṻɳíáñÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÁ Ý»ñϳ-
Û³óí³Í »Ý ݳ¨ ÝÏ. 3.4 - ÝÏ.3.6 –áõÙ: ÜÏ. 3.5 –áõÙ ¨ ÝÏ. 3.6-áõÙ óáõÛó »Ý ïñí³Í
ݳ¨ Ùáï³íáñ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ ÙÇÝ㨠³ÙµáÕç³Ãí³ÛÝáõÃÛ³Ý ×ß·ñïÙ³Ý ýñ³·-
Ù»ÝïÝ»ñÁª ѳٳå³ï³ë˳ݳµ³ñ 2-ñ¹ ï³ñµ»ñ³ÏÇ 3-ñ¹ ÷áñÓ³ñÏÙ³Ý ¨
3-ñ¹ ï³ñµ»ñ³ÏÇ 2-ñ¹ ÷áñÓ³ñÏÙ³Ý ¹»åù»ñáõÙ:
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 3.8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
a 1 4 3 2 -3 -0.5 -2 -3 -0.5 -0.5
b 5 3 2 -1 -1 5 2.5 1.5 0.5 2.5
x*1 1 2 1 1 0 -1 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 0 -1 -1 -1 0 0
x *2 4 4 2 1 0 1 4 4 2 3 1 2 0 1 1 2 3 3 2
L* 1 5 4 5 8 1.25 1.25 4.25 0.5 0.5
- 78 -
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 3.9
ö. a b x10 x20 H Ku1 Ku2 Kμ1 Kμ2
-7
1 5 10
5 5·10-5
2 10-4
-5
3 1 5 10-6 10 10 10 10
-5 10-5
4 5 10-4
5 0 2 10-4 10-6
6 4
5 5·10-5 10 10 10 10
7 -4
10-10
8 4 3 -3
-3 10-5 30
9 3 20 20 20
10 1 1 10-4 10-11 20
11 3 5 10 10 5 5
10-11
12 3 10-4 25 25 10 10
-3
13 3 2 -3 10-9
14 3 -1 10-5 10 10 5 5
10-11
15 -0.5 2 10-4
ö. KI x1 x2 L x*1 x*2 L*
1 363 1.000019 4.024390 0.951815
2 190 0.980656 4.024390 0.952208
3 1030 0.992086 4.024389 0.951878 1 4 1
4 483 0.900473 4.024389 0.961820
5 186 0.999904 4.024390 0.951813
6 5 2.101977 4.009692 4.513500
7 1450 1.960786 3.519696 4.428478
8 1150 1.980845 3.764474 4.661409 2 4 5
9 1020 1.980825 3.764394 4.661368
10 760 1.925140 3.537789 4.594270
11 250 1.693495 2.385748 1.855756
12 50 1.637298 2.419917 2.033004 1 2 4
13 292 1.693493 2.385741 1.855756
- 79 -
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 3.10
KI x1 x2 L
0 -3.000000 -3.000000 85.000000
1 -1.701414 -2.382093 77.964960
2 -1.229241 -2.083717 58.349400
3 -0.951724 -1.866687 51.028980
4 -0.761277 -1.690112 46.516240
5 -0.618985 -1.538701 43.269160
6 -0.506674 -1.404981 40.738540
7 -0.414489 -1.284692 38.668400
8 -0.336527 -1.175141 36.919250
9 -0.268990 -1.074494 35.406730
10 -0.209304 -0.981424 34.075800
100 1.477822 1.992933 7.407197
500 1.974088 3.737382 4.648340
900 1.980748 3.764084 4.661209
1150 1.980845 3.764474 4.661409
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 3.11
KI x1 x2 L
0 1.990 3.760 4.618
1 1.990 3.997 5.033
2 1.990 3.998 5.035
3 1.991 3.999 5.036
4 1.991 3.999 5.037
5 1.991 4.000 5.037
6 1.991 4.000 5.037
7 1.992 4.000 5.037
- 80 -
6
(-5,5) L=1
5 (5,5)
4
(-2,4) (2,4)
3
0
x1
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5 (5,-5)
(-5,-5)
-6
ÜÏ. 3.4
6 x2
(-4,5)
5
(2,4)
4
3
(4,3)
2
1 L=5
x2
0 x1
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
-1 4
-2 (1.99;3.76)
(-3,-3)
-3 (3,-3) 3.5
-4
-5 (1.99;3) x1
1.995 2
-6
ÜÏ. 3.5
- 81 -
6 x2
5
(3,5)
(-2,4) (2,4)
4
3
L=4
(-3,3)
2
(3,2)
1
0
x2
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
x
6 1
-1 3
(3,-1)
-2
(-3,-3)
-3 2.5
(1.63;2.41)
-4
-5 (0;2) 1.2 2 3 4 x1
-6
ÜÏ. 3.6
ËݹÇñÁ [52].
L( x 1 , x 2 ) x 12 x 22 4 x 1 4 ,144 x 2 min ,
x1 , x 2
2 2
c 1 ( x 1 , x 2 ) 4 x 9 x 36 0 ,
1 2
c 2 ( x 1 , x 2 ) x 1 0 ,8 x 2 3 0 ,
( x 1 ) x 12 ( x 12 1 ) ( x 12 4 ) ( x 12 9 ) 0
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 3.13
h x1 x2 KI L
-2 -3.5 0 38.7540
-1.5734 -3.4996 1 34.4798
-1.4100 -3.4991 2 34.3327
-1.3069 -3.4987 3 33.6669
-1.2323 -3.4983 4 33.1801
-1.1743 -3.4979 5 32.8055
-1
10 , KI[0, 100] -1.1270 -3.49875 6 32.5039
-1.0873 -3.4971 7 32.2529
-1.0531 -3.4967 8 32.0389
-1.0232 -3.4963 9 31.8529
-0.9967 -3.4959 10 31.6888
-0.7353 -3.4882 30 30.1047
-0.6251 -3.4807 50 29.4302
10-8, KI[101, 200] 0.6925 -1.9581 150 9.6580
10-7, KI[201, 300] 1.0015 -1.8607 250 8.1701
-7
5·10 , KI[301, 400] 1.0017 -1.6287 350 6.3987
1.0017 -1.1101 450 2.8288
2.0000 0.3396 550 -5.2919
10-6, KI[401, 750]
2 1.1136 650 -7.3746
2 1.2463 750 -7.6113
- 84 -
x2 (3.5;4.5)
L=-7
(-2;3) L=-6 L=5.14
3
L=-7.61
L=0
2
L=-2
(-1;1)
1
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 -3 4 5 x1
-1
c2=0
-2
c1=0
-3
(-2;-3.5) (3.5;-3.5)
-4
ÜÏ. 3.7
- 85 -
Ù³Ýùáí, áñ Ýñ³Ýó ÷á÷á˳ϳÝÝ»ñÝ ÁݹáõÝáõÙ »Ý ÙÇÙdzÛÝ »ñÏáõ ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñª
0 ϳ٠1: ²Û¹ ¹»åùáõÙ (3.40) - (3.42) ËݹÇñÁ í»ñ ¿ ³ÍíáõÙ ³ÛëåÇëÇ
Ï»ñå³÷áËí³Í ËݹñǪ
L( X ) min , (3.63)
X
S( X ) 0 , (3.64)
R2 ( X ) 0 , (3.65)
Q T X S X R2 X S X diag2 x 1 1,...,2 x n 1 (3.67)
T T T
Û³ÏáµÛ³ÝÇ ×ßïáõÃÛ³Ùµ:
ú·ï³·áñÍ»Éáí µáõÉÛ³Ý ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ Ï³éáõóí³Íù³ÛÇÝ ³é³ÝÓݳѳï-
ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, ëï³Ý³Ýù (3.63) - (3.65) ËݹñÇ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñÅ»ùÁ,
áñÁ å³ñáõݳÏáõÙ ¿ Ý߳ݳϳÉÇáñ»Ý ³í»ÉÇ ùÇã ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùµ ë³Ñٳݳ-
÷³ÏáÕ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñ (³·ñ»·³óí³Í ËݹÇñ)ª ³Ûëï»ÕÇó µËáÕ ÙÇ ß³ñù ϳñ¨áñ
ѳݷ³Ù³ÝùÝ»ñáí ѳݹ»ñÓ:
- 86 -
²ÛëåÇëáí, ¹Çï³ñÏ»Ýù ë³Ñٳݳ÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É ѳٳϳñ·Áª
b2 ( X ) X T ( X e ) 0 , (3.69)
T
áñï»Õ cos 2 πX (cos 2 πx 1 ,..., cos 2 πx n ) -Á n ã³÷³ÝÇ í»Ïïáñ ¿, ÇëÏ
ÃÛ³Ý íñ³, ÇëÏ (3.69) ѳí³ë³ñáõÙÁ (3.68) ѳí³ë³ñÙ³Ý Ñ»ï Ù»Ïï»Õª ³Û¹
Q( X ) ( s 1 ( X ),..., s m ( X ) b1 ( X ), b2 ( X ))T
í»ÏïáñÁ ¨
T
Q T ( X ) S ( X )b1 ( X )b2 ( X ) (3.70)
S T
( X ) 2 SIN 2X 2 X e
Û³ÏáµÛ³ÝÁ (áñï»Õ SIN 2 πX (sin 2 πx 1 ,..., sin 2 πx n )T -Á n ã³÷³ÝÇ
í»Ïïáñ ¿), áñáÝó ×ßïáõÃÛ³Ùµ ¿É áõÅÇ Ù»ç »Ý ÙÝáõÙ (3.45), (3.46); (3.47), (3.48);
c 1 ( x 1 ,..., x 5 ) x 1 x 2 2 x 3 4 x 4 6 x 5 6 0 ,
c 2 ( x 1 ,..., x 5 ) x 1 2 x 2 5 x 3 x 4 x 5 2 0 ,
c 3 ( x 1 ,..., x 5 ) x 2 2 x 3 3 x 4 x 5 1 0 ,
x i 0 ;1, i 1 ,5 ,
- 88 -
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 3.14
î³ñµ. k1 k2 x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 KI L
00000 600 600 -0.0109 -0.0031 0.0105 0.0059 1.0027 2000 -0.9249
00001 300 300 -0.0143 -0.0060 1.0015 0.0150 0.9937 700 0.1223
00010 300 300 -0.0097 -0.0049 1.0029 0.0061 0.9889 710 0.0811
00011 200 200 0.0541 0.0083 0.1252 0.9458 1.8499 62 0.8795
00100 600 600 -0.0064 -0.0053 1.0059 -0.0049 0.9770 150 0.0506
00101 î³ï³ÝáõÙÝ»ñ ݳËÝ³Ï³Ý Ï»ïÇ ßáõñç k 1 , k 2 , h
00110 200 200 -0.0111 -0.0064 1.0073 0.0222 0.9979 200 0.1331
00111 600 600 0.0286 0.0286 1.0482 0.8861 1.1914 69 -2.3436
01000 200 200 0.0170 0.9548 0.1440 -0.0358 0.9822 117 -2.3436
01001 500 500 0.0174 0.9549 0.1439 -0.0361 0.9823 155 -2.9261
01010 300 300 -0.0003 0.9964 0.9920 0.0043 1.0171 100 -2.0088
01011 220 220 0.0171 0.9548 0.1439 -0.0359 0.9823 112 -2.9239
01100 700 700 0.0199 1.0222 1.0437 -0.0898 0.3556 166 -1.7053
01101 î³ï³ÝáõÙÝ»ñ ݳËÝ³Ï³Ý Ï»ïÇ ßáõñç k 1 , k 2 , h
01110 200 200 -0.0128 1.0001 1.0069 0.0022 1.0013 180 -1.8759
01111 î³ï³ÝáõÙÝ»ñ ݳËÝ³Ï³Ý Ï»ïÇ ßáõñç k 1 , k 2 , h
10000 5000 5000 0.9954 -0.0064 -0.0007 0.0023 0.9995 500 -4.9620
10001 î³ï³ÝáõÙÝ»ñ ݳËÝ³Ï³Ý Ï»ïÇ ßáõñç k 1 , k 2 ,h
10010 200 200 0.9930 -0.0168 0.0039 0.0135 1.0039 380 -4.8987
10011 300 300 0.926 0.0471 0.0472 0.0474 1.8348 38 -5.5500
10100 300 300 0.9882 -0.0099 1.0010 0.0008 0.9918 220 -3.9133
10101 î³ï³ÝáõÙÝ»ñ ݳËÝ³Ï³Ý Ï»ïÇ ßáõñç k 1 , k 2 , h
10110 300 300 0.9872 -0.0058 1.0105 0.0105 1.0050 210 -3.9000
10111 300 300 1.0142 0.0243 1.0346 0.9148 1.1196 100 -1.2498
11000 200 200 1.0001 1.0036 0.0032 0.0040 0.9717 300 -7.0003
11001 î³ï³ÝáõÙÝ»ñ ݳËÝ³Ï³Ý Ï»ïÇ ßáõñç k 1 , k 2 , h
11010 300 300 0.9970 0.9990 1.0011 0.0073 1.0071 350 -5.9181
11011 300 300 1.0000 1.0016 0.0046 0.0108 1.0096 200 -6.9755
11100 300 300 0.9906 0.9906 1.0156 0.0016 0.9947 200 -5.9318
11101 î³ï³ÝáõÙÝ»ñ ݳËÝ³Ï³Ý Ï»ïÇ ßáõñç k 1 , k 2 , h
11110 300 300 0.9910 0.9969 1.0157 0.0094 1.0027 100 -5.9139
11111 î³ï³ÝáõÙÝ»ñ ݳËÝ³Ï³Ý Ï»ïÇ ßáõñç k 1 , k 2 , h
- 89 -
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 3.15
x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 KI L
0 0 0 1 0 0 -3
0.2710 0.1131 0.5737 -0.1543 1.3323 1 19.2771
0.1170 0.0188 0.8314 -0.0553 1.2479 2 -3.4403
0.0521 0.0084 0.9186 -0.0214 1.1371 3 0.1332
0.0394 0.0068 0.9382 -0.0153 1.1045 4 0.3719
0.0330 0.0060 0.9483 -0.0122 1.0870 5 0.3170
0.0289 0.0054 0.9546 -0.0102 1.0758 6 0.2777
0.0260 0.0050 0.9591 -0.0089 1.0680 7 0.2494
0.0239 0.0047 0.9642 -0.0078 1.0620 8 0.2279
0.0221 0.0045 0.9650 -0.0070 1.0574 9 0.2109
0.0207 0.0043 0.9672 -0.0064 1.0536 10 0.1969
0.0099 0.0020 0.9821 -0.0014 1.0281 30 0.0938
0.0058 0.0007 0.9863 -0.0008 1.0211 50 0.0571
0.0030 -0.0002 0.9885 0.0026 1.0173 70 0.0325
-0.0003 -0.0014 0.9906 0.0052 1.0135 100 0.0035
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 3.16
x1 x2 x3 x4 x5 KI L
-0.0003 -0.0014 0.9906 0.0052 1.0135 0 0.0033
-0.0003 -0.0012 0.9915 0.0047 1.0121 1 0.0049
-0.0002 -0.0011 0.9922 0.0043 1.0111 2 0.0042
-0.0002 -0.0010 0.9927 0.0040 1.0103 3 0.0037
-0.0001 -0.0009 0.9932 0.0038 1.0096 4 0.0033
-0.0001 -0.0009 0.9935 0.0036 1.0091 5 0.0030
-0.0001 -0.0008 0.9939 0.0034 1.0086 6 0.0027
-0.0001 -0.0008 0.9941 0.0033 1.0082 7 0.0025
-0.0001 -0.0007 0.9944 0.0031 1.0079 8 0.0024
-0.0001 -0.0007 0.9946 0.0030 1.0076 9 0.0022
-0.0000 -0.0007 0.9948 0.0029 1.0073 10 0.0021
-0.0000 -0.0002 0.9987 0.0008 1.0019 210 0.0005
-0.0000 -0.0001 0.9990 0.0005 1.0014 410 0.0003
-0.0000 -0.0001 0.9992 0.0005 1.0011 610 0.0002
-0.0000 -0.0001 0.9993 0.0004 1.0010 810 0.0002
- 90 -
3.1.2.4. ä먹áµáõÉÛ³Ý ËݹÇñÝ»ñ
C( X , X ) 0 , (3.72)
x i 0 ;1 , i 1 , n , (3.73)
x i 0 ;1 , i 1 , n , (3.74)
áñï»Õª L( X , X ) -Á áñ³ÏÇ ëϳÉÛ³ñ ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ ¿;
B 2 ( X , X ) b21 ( X , X ),..., b2 n ( X , X ) 0 :
T
(3.78)
л層Éáí (1.24)–Çݪ (3.72) ë³Ñٳݳ÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÁ ѳݷ»óÝ»Ýù
S C ( X , X ) E SIGNC( X , X ) C ( X , X ) 0 (3.79)
ѳí³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·ÇÝ, ÇëÏ Áݹѳï óϻñÛ³Ý ïÇåÇ
(3.71) -(3.74) ËݹÇñÁª 2n ÷á÷á˳ϳÝÝ»ñáí Ñ»ï¨Û³É ɳ·ñ³ÝųÛÇÝ ïÇåÇ
ËݹñÇݪ
- 91 -
L( X,X ) min , 3.80)
X,X
Q( X,X ) S T ( X , X ) B1T ( X , X ) B2T ( X , X )
T
0, (3.81)
áñï»Õª Q ( X,X ) -Á ѳí³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ï»ëùáí ë³Ñٳݳ÷³ÏáÕ å³ÛÙ³Ý-
Ý»ñÇ m+2n ã³÷³ÝÇ í»ÏïáñÝ ¿:
(3.80), (3.81) ËݹñÇ ÁݹɳÛÝí³Í áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ áõÝÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É ï»ëùÁª
L ( X,X ) L( X,X ) Q T ( X,X ) K Q Q( X,X ) , (3.82)
áñï»Õª K Q diag K S K B –Á m+2n ϳñ·³ÝÇ ³ÝÏÛáõݳ·Í³ÛÇÝ Ù³ïñÇó ¿,
áñï»Õ
L ( X,X ) ( L X 1 ( X,X ), , L X n ( X,X ) L X 1 ( X,X ), L X n ( X,X ))T –Á ¨
L( X,X ) ( L X 1 ( X,X ), , LX n ( X,X )L X 1 ( X,X ),L X n ( X,X ))T -Áª
ѳٳå³ï³ë˳ݳµ³ñ (3.82) ¨ (3.80) ýáõÝÏódzݻñÇ ëáõµ·ñ³¹Ç»ÝïÁ ¨
·ñ³¹Ç»ÝïÝ »Ý (2n ã³÷³ÝÇ í»ÏïáñÝ»ñ): ²Û¹ ¹»åùáõÙ ÁݹѳÝñ³óí³Í
T
Q TX ( X,X ) E diag ( x 1 , x n )
Q ( X,X ) T (3.84)
Q X ( X,X ) E diag ( x 1 , x n )
Û³ÏáµÛ³ÝÁ 2n(m+2n) ã³÷³ÝÇ Ù³ïñÇó ¿, áñï»Õ E -»ñÁ n ϳñ·³ÝÇ Ùdzíáñ
Ù³ïñÇóÝ»ñ »Ý:
²²ê¶¸ìØ-Ý áõÝÇ ³ÛëåÇëÇ ï»ëùª
X ( t )
K X , X L( X ( t ), X ( t )) Q T ( X ( t ), X ( t )) Q ,
X ( t ) (3.85)
X T
( 0 ) X T ( 0 )
T
?X ,
- 92 -
Q ST BT BT
T
1 2
K Q Q( X ( t ), X ( t )) , (3.86)
L( X K 1 , X K 1 ) L( X K , X K ) LT ( X K , X K ) X KT X KT
*
* T
: (3.90)
hQK KX ,X L( X K , X K ) QT ( X K , X K ) KQ Q( X K , X K ) ,
X K l
X K 1 X K X 0 ? X , X K 0 ?,
l , X ? X , X ?, (3.92)
X K 1 X K X K l 0 K0
l
T T T
T
L( X K 1 , X K 1 ) L( X K , X K ) L ( X K , X K ) X Kl X Kl , (3.93)
l l
áñï»Õ E X ,X –Á 2n ϳñ·³ÝÇ Ù³ïñÇó ¿:
ÂáõÛɳïñ»ÉÇ ïÇñáõÛÃÇÝ å³ïϳÝáÕ í³Ûñ¿çùÇ Ñ»ï³·ÍÇ ÁÝóóÇÏ
Ï»ï»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ (3.85), (3.86); (3.87) - (3.90) ¨ (3.91) - (3.93) ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí
- 93 -
Ýϳñ³·ñíáÕ ²²ê¶¸ìØ-Á, ²²ê¶¸ìø¶Ø-Á ¨ ²ìîÐ- Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÁ í»ñ³ë»ñíáõÙ
»Ý ²²¶¸ìØ-Ç , ²²¶¸ìø¶Ø-Ç ¨ ²ìîÐ-Ç, áñáÝó ¹»åùáõÙ Q( X , X )
í»ÏïáñÇ ÷á˳ñ»Ý ·áñÍáõÙ »Ý
B( X , X ) B1T ( X , X )B 2T ( X , X )
T
0 (3.94)
í»ÏïáñÁ ¨ 2n ϳñ·³ÝÇ
E diag ( x 1 ,..., x n )
B T ( X , X ) (3.95)
E diag ( x 1 ,..., x n )
ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý Û³ÏáµÛ³ÝÁ, áñÁ ë»ñíáõÙ ¿ (3.84) Ù³ïñÇóÇó:
ºí, í»ñç³å»ë, ¹Çï³ñÏ»Ýù å먹áµáõÉÛ³Ý ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ ³·ñ»·³óí³Í
Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÁ: ²Û¹ Ýå³ï³Ïáí ϳ½Ù»Ýù ë³Ñٳݳ÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É
ѳٳϳñ·Áª
b1 ( X , X ) (cos X )T (cos X ) n 0 , (3.96)
b2 ( X , X ) X T X X T X n 0 , (3.97)
b3 ( X , X ) ( X T X T ) e n 0 , (3.98)
- 94 -
л勉µ³ñ, (3.96) - (3.98) å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ (3.71) - (3.74) ϳ٠(3.80),
(3.81) ËݹñÇ ³·ñ»·³óí³Í ѳٳñÅ»ùÁ ϳñáÕ »Ýù Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É Ñ»ï¨Û³É
Ï»ñåª
L( X,X ) min , (3.99)
X,X
Q( X,X ) S T ( X , X ) b1 ( X , X )b2 ( X , X ) b3 ( X , X )
T
0 , (3.100)
áñï»Õ Q ( X,X ) -Á ѳí³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ï»ëùáí ë³Ñٳݳ÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ m+3
ã³÷³ÝÇ í»ÏïáñÝ ¿: ²Û¹ ¹»åùáõÙ ã³·ñ»·³óí³Í ËݹñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ¹Çï³ñÏí³Í
³ÝÁݹѳï, ùí³½Ç·Í³ÛÇÝ ¨ ³ç í»ñç³íáñ-ï³ñµ»ñáõóÛÇÝ Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÁ
å³Ñå³ÝáõÙ »Ý Çñ»Ýó ï»ëù»ñÁ (3.100) í»ÏïáñÇ, ¹ñ³Ý ѳٳå³ï³ë˳Ý
2n(m+3) ã³÷³ÝÇ
T
S TX ( X,X ) sin X cos X 2X e
Q ( X,X ) T (3.101)
S X ( X,X ) sin X cos X 2X e
- 95 -
úñÇݳÏ: ¸Çï³ñÏ»Ýù ٳûٳïÇÏ³Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñ³íáñÙ³Ý Ñ»ï¨Û³É
ËݹÇñÁ [95]
L( x 1 , x 2 , x 1 , x 2 ) x 1 x 2 x 2 x 1 min ,
x1 , x 2 , x1 , x 2
c1 ( x1 , x 2 ) x1 x 2 x 1 x 2 4 0 ,
c 2 ( x 1 , x 2 ) x 12 x 22 1 ,7 0 ,
x 1 , x 2 , x 1 , x 2 0 ;1 :
ÈáõÍáõÙ: àã ³·ñ»·³óí³Í ³ÝÁݹѳï (3.85), (3.86) Ùá¹»ÉÇ ¨ èáõÝ·»-
ÎáõïïÇ 4-ñ¹ ϳñ·Ç Ù»Ãá¹Ç û·ï³·áñÍٳٵ 5 ÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ
³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÁ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í »Ý ³ÕÛ. 3.17-áõÙ: ²Û¹ ¹»åùáõÙ áñå»ë ϳݷ³éÇ
å³ÛÙ³Ý ¿ û·ï³·áñÍí»É x iK 1 x iK , i 1, n ¨ x iK 1 x iK ,
c 1 ( x 1 , x 2 ) 2 ( x 1 x 2 ) x 1 x 2 1 0 ,
c 2 ( x 1 , x 2 ) 2 ( x 1 x 2 ) x 12 x 22 0 ,3 0 ,
x 1 , x 2 0 ;1 :
ËݹñÇ ÝٳݳïÇå µÝáõó·ñ»ñÁ (Ýϳï»Ýù, áñ í»ñçÇÝë ë»ñí»É ¿ ݳËݳϳÝ
ËݹñÇóª (3.75), (3.76) å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ßí³éÙ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ):
- 96 -
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 3.17
ö. x10 x20 x 10 x 20 k1 k2 h KI
1 1.5 1.5 5.5104 5.5104 370
0.8 2.5
2 230
-1.5 -0.5 2.5104 2.5104 10-11
3 -0.5 260
-1.2
4 1.5 2 -0.8 5104 5104 890
5 0 1 0 1 6105 6105 10-12 130
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 3.18
KI x1 x2 x1 x2 L
0 -1.5000 0.8000 -0.5000 2.5000 -4.1500
1 -0.5236 0.0253 -0.1750 2.1905 0.1520
2 -0.3354 -0.0882 0.0147 2.0547 -0.6875
3 -0.1890 -0.1398 0.1601 1.9413 -0.3882
4 -0.0745 -0.1636 0.2735 1.8435 -0.1812
5 0.0143 -0.1738 0.3620 1.7582 -0.0369
6 0.0823 -0.1768 0.4309 1.6836 0.0631
7 0.1335 -0.1759 0.4842 1.6179 0.1313
8 0.1712 -0.1726 0.5253 1.5602 0.1768
9 0.1984 -0.1679 0.5570 1.5091 0.2062
10 0.2176 -0.1624 0.5816 1.4639 0.2244
30 0.1968 -0.0599 0.7325 1.1080 0.1742
50 0.1134 -0.0214 0.8369 1.0358 0.0995
110 0.0091 -0.0012 0.9855 1.0019 0.0079
230 0.0000 -0.0000 1.0000 1.0000 -0.0000
- 97 -
1.5
x2 L=-1
L=0.25
L=0.5
L=2 L=0
(-1.5;0.8) 1 (1.5;0.8)
L=1 L=0.75
0.5 c1=0
L=0.25
x1
0
-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 L=0.75
1 1.5
-0.5
L=0 L=1 L=2
c2=0
L=-1
-1
(1.5;-1.2) (1.5;-1.2)
-1.5
ÜÏ. 3.8
2.5
(-0.5;2.5) x2 c2=0 (1.5;2.5)
L=2
(2.5;1.5)
1.5 L=1
L=0.75
L=0.5 L=-1
1
L=0
L=0.25
0.5
L=0.25 L=0.75
L=1
L=0 x1
0
L=2
-0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
L=-1
(-0.5;-0.5) c1=0 (2;-0.8)
-0.5
ÜÏ. 3.9
- 99 -
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 3.19
ö. x10 x20 x 10 x 20 k1 k2 h KI
1 1.5 1.5 1.5104 1.5104
0.8 2.5 500
2 4 4
-1.5 -0.5 2.510 2.510
3 -0.5 10-10 550
-1.2
4 1.5 2.5 1.5 1.5104 1.5104 785
5 0 1 0.5 0 3104 3104 270
ö. x *1 x *2 x 1* x *2 L* ε
1 0.0094 -0.0092 0.9879 1.0119 0.0004
2 0.0019 -0.0019 0.9911 1.0088 0.0001
3 0.0033 -0.0033 0.9920 1.0080 0.0001 10-4
4 0.0099 -0.0098 1.0070 0.9929 0.0000
5 0.0048 -0.0047 0.9908 1.0091 0.0002
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 3.20
KI x1 x2 x1 x2 L
0 -1.5000 0.8000 -0.5000 2.5000 -4.1500
1 0.0859 -0.0328 0.2002 0.5571 -0.7769
2 0.0665 -0.0291 0.4444 0.7535 0.6285
3 0.0390 -0.0011 0.6831 0.8826 0.4171
4 0.0511 0.0162 0.8475 1.0112 0.1240
5 0.0494 0.0168 0.8963 1.0478 0.0776
6 0.0434 0.0128 0.9150 1.0567 0.0607
7 0.0374 0.0085 0.9243 1.0577 0.0482
8 0.0323 0.0049 0.9301 1.0566 0.0389
9 0.0281 0.0020 0.9344 1.0550 0.0316
10 0.0248 -0.0002 0.9379 1.0533 0.0259
20 0.0116 -0.0070 0.9560 1.0414 0.0053
30 0.0086 -0.0068 0.9640 1.0346 0.0023
40 0.0073 -0.0062 0.9687 1.0303 0.0015
500 0.0019 -0.0019 0.9911 1.0088 0.0001
- 100 -
1.5
x2 L=-1
L=0.25
L=0.5
L=2 L=0
(-1.5;0.8) 1 (1.5;0.8)
L=1 L=0.75
0.5 c1=0
L=0.25
x1
0
-1.5 -1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5
L=0.75
-0.5
L=0 L=1 L=2
c2=0
L=-1
-1
(1.5;-1.2) (1.5;-1.2)
-1.5
ÜÏ. 3.10
- 101 -
2.5
(-0.5;2.5) x2 (1.5;2.5)
c2=0
L=2
(2.5;1.5)
1.5 L=1
L=0.75
L=0.5 L=-1
1
L=0
L=0.25
0.5
L=0.25 L=0.75
L=1
L=0 x1
0
L=2
-0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
L=-1
(-0.5;-0.5) c1=0
-0.5
ÜÏ. 3.11
- 102 -
ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇó ¹áõñë ϳ٠¿É Ýñ³ ë³ÑÙ³ÝÇ íñ³ ·áñͳéÝáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ Çñ³Ï³Ý³ó-
ÝáõÙ ë³Ñٳݳ÷³ÏáÕ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ (S T (X)) R T ( X ))T ÁݹѳÝñ³óí³Í í»Ï-
ïáñÁ, áñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ ëáõµ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ í³Ûñ¿çùÇ Ñ»ï³·ÍÇ Ó¨³íáñÙ³Ý Ù»ç
Ýñ³ µ³Õ³¹ñÇãÝ»ñÇ ¹»ñÁ §Ñ³í³ë³ñ³Ïßéí³Í¦ ¿ ïíÛ³É ëϽµÝ³Ï³Ý å³Û-
Ù³ÝÇ ¹»åùáõÙ, ³å³ ÃáõÛɳïñ»ÉÇ ïÇñáõÛÃÇ Ý»ñëáõÙ ¹³ Çñ³·áñÍíáõÙ ¿
÷á÷á˳ϳÝÝ»ñÇ ³ÙµáÕç³Ãí³ÛÝáõÃÛ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ R(X) í»ÏïáñÇ §ÙÇ-
³ÝÓÝÛ³¦ Ý»ñϳÛáõÃÛ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ: ¸ñ³Ýáí ÇëÏ ëáõµ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ í³Ûñ¿çùÇ
ѻﳷÇÍÁ ÃáõÛɳïñ»ÉÇ ïÇñáõÛÃÇ Ý»ñëáõ٠ϳñÍ»ë û §Ó·íáõÙ ¿¦ Ñ»Ýó ¹»åÇ
ï»Õ³ÛÇÝ ¿ùëïñ»Ù³É ѳïÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí ûÅïí³Í ³ÙµáÕç³ÃÇí ѳݷáõÛóÝ»ñ:
ÆÝï»·ñ³É³ÛÇÝ Ïáñ»ñÇ ½³Ý³½³Ý ëϽµÝ³Ï³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ µ³½Ù³-
ï³ñµ»ñ³Ï³ÛÇÝ ÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÝ ³Û¹ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ëï»ÕÍáõÙ »Ý µ³í³ñ³ñ
ï»Õ»Ï³ïí³Ï³Ý ÑÇÙù ³ÛÝ µ³ÝÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ, áñ íëï³ÑáõÃÛ³Ùµ ϳñáճݳÝù
åݹ»É ëï³óí³Í ³ÙµáÕç³ÃÇí ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ûåïÇÙ³ÉáõÃÛáõÝÁ: úåïÇÙáõÙÇ
÷ÝïñÙ³Ý ÝÙ³Ý Ýå³ï³Ï³áõÕÕí³Í ÁÝóó³Ï³ñ·Ç ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ, ÷³ëïáñ»Ý,
³ÝáõÕÕ³ÏÇáñ»Ý ÉáõÍíáõÙ ¿ ¹Çáý³Ýï³ÛÇÝ ûåïÇٳɳóÙ³Ý ¨ë Ù»Ï Ï³ñ¨áñ
ÑÇÙݳËݹÇñª ³å³óáõóíáõÙ ¿ ëï³óí³Í ѳí³ÏÝáñ¹-ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ûåïÇ-
Ù³ÉáõÃÛáõÝÁ:
- 103 -
ÝÙ³Ý ÝáñÙ³íáñí³Í (³í³· ³Ý¹³ÙÇ 1-Ç Ñ³í³ë³ñ ·áñͳÏóáí) µ³½Ù³Ý¹³-
Ù³ÛÇÝ Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ·áñͳÏÇóÝ»ñÁ, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ (3.34)-(3.36) ³éÝãáõ-
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ ÝÙ³Ý ³Í³ÝóÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ ·áñͳÏÇóÝ»ñÁ Ïáñáßí»Ý Ñ»ï¨Û³É ³ñï³Ñ³Û-
ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ó³Ûݪ
S ( P , r )y ( P 1 ) r p S ( P , r )x (3.103)
S ( P , r 1 )y r S ( P , r )y
, (3.104)
r1
S ( P , r )y ( P 1 ) S ( P , r )x
, (3.105)
S ( P , r 1 )y r S ( P , r )y
, (3.106)
( 2 P ,2 r )y ( P 1 ) 2( r p ) ( 2 P ,2 r )x
, (3.107)
( 2 P ,2 r 1 )y 2 r ( 2 P ,2 r )y
, (3.107)
áñï»Õ x ¨ y Çݹ»ùëÝ»ñÁ Ù³ïݳÝßáõÙ »Ý ³Ûë ·áñͳÏÇóÝ»ñÁ ѳٳå³-
ï³ëË³Ý ÷á÷á˳ϳÝÝ»ñÇ ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáõÙ:
гÝñ³Ñ³ßí³Ï³Ý µ³½Ù³Ý¹³ÙÇ ·áñͳÏÇóÝ»ñÇ óñÙ³Ý ³ëïÇ׳ÝÁ,
µÝ³Ï³Ý³µ³ñ, ϳñáÕ ¿ ·Ý³Ñ³ïí»É Ýñ³ Ùá¹áõÉáí ³é³í»É³·áõÛÝ ¨ Ýí³½³-
·áõÛÝ (³ÏÝѳÛïáñ»Ý áã ½ñáÛÇ Ñ³í³ë³ñ) ·áñͳÏÇóÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ñ³µ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»-
ÍáõÃÛ³Ùµ: ì»ñçÇÝë Ý߳ݳϻÉáí C ( ) –áí, Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë, (3.26), (3.30),
(3.32), (3.34)-(3.36) ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ P=5 ѳٳñ ѳٳå³ï³ë˳-
ݳµ³ñ ÏáõݻݳÝùª C( R5 ( X )) C( R5 ( X )) 50, C( R5 ( X )) C( R5 ( X )) 21,
C ( R10 ( X )) 820 , C ( R10 ( X )) 328 : ¸Åí³ñ 㿠ѳÙá½í»É, áñ (3.103)-
(3.108) å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ Ó¨³÷áËí³Í ÷á÷á˳ϳÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ
Ýٳݳå»ë Ïëï³Ý³Ýùª C ( R5 ( Y )) C ( R5 ( Y )) 80 / 3 , C ( R5 ( Y ))
C ( R5* ( Y )) 320 3 , C ( R10 ( Y )) 640 / 3 , C ( R10 ( Y )) 2560 / 3 :
²Ûëï»ÕÇó ³ÏÝѳÛï ¿, áñ R5 ( X ) , R5 ( X ) ¨ R10 ( X ) ³ñï³¹ñáÕ ýáõÝÏódz-
Ý»ñÇ ·áñͳÏÇóÝ»ñÇ óñáõÙÝ»ñÁ ÷áùñ³ó»É »Ý 15/8, 15/8 ¨ 123/32 ³Ý·³Ù,
ÙÇÝã¹»é, ó³íáù R5 ( X ) , R ( X ) ¨ R10 ( X ) ³Í³ÝóÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ óñáõÙÝ»ñÁ
5
- 105 -
¸Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ »Ý ³é³ç³ÝáõÙ, í»ñç³å»ë, ý³½³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï³·ÍÇ
ÁÝóóÇÏ Ï»ïÁ, Çñ³Ï³Ý ÉáõÍáõÙÇó (ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇó) ï³ñµ»ñ, Áݹѳï ٳûٳ-
ïÇÏ³Ï³Ý Ï³éáõÛóÇ ÇÝã-áñ ³ÙµáÕç³ÃÇí ѳݷáõÛó ÁÝÏÝ»Éáõ ¹»åùáõÙ: ä³ñ½-
íáõÙ ¿, áñ ÁÝïñíáÕ KX , KQ , X0 å³ñ³Ù»ïñ»ñÇ ÇÝã-áñ ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñ ÉÇáíÇÝ
§µ³í³ñ³ñ¦ »Ý ÃáõÛɳïñ»ÉÇ ïÇñáõÛÃÇ ³ÙµáÕç³ÃÇí Ï»ï»ñáí µ³½ÙáõÃÛ³Ùµ
ÇÝã-áñ ÇÝï»·ñ³É³ÛÇÝ Ïáñáí ÁÝóóÇÏ Ï»ïÇ ï»Õ³ß³ñÅÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ, ÙÇÝã¹»é
»ñµ»ÙÝ §µ³í³ñ³ñ ã»Ý¦ ý³½³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï³·ÍÇ ×³Ý³å³ñÑÇÝ Ñ³ÛïÝí³Í ³ÙµáÕ-
ç³ÃÇí ó³ÝóÇ áã ûåïÇÙ³É Ñ³Ý·áõÛóÇó ÁÝóóÇÏ Ï»ïÇ ¹áõñë ·³Éáõ ѳٳñ:
¸³ µ»ñáõÙ ¿ ¹ÇݳÙÇÏ ·áñÍÁÝóóÇ Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÇó ßáõï ϳݷ³éÇݪ ÇëϳϳÝ
³ÙµáÕç³ÃÇí ÉáõÍáõÙÇó ϳ٠¿É Ýñ³ ε -ßñç³Ï³ÛùÇó ß³ï Ñ»éáõ Ï»ï»ñáõÙ:
àõëïÇ ÝÙ³Ý Çñ³íÇ׳ÏÝ»ñáõÙ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßïáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ ³é³ç³ÝáõÙ û·ï³·áñÍ»É
ѳßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ÁÝóó³Ï³ñ·»ñÁ ëáíáñ³µ³ñ µ³ñ¹³óÝáÕ Éñ³óáõóÇã ·áñ-
ÍÁÝóóÝ»ñ, Ù³ëݳíáñ³µ³ñ, áñáß³ÏÇ ûñÇݳã³÷áõÃÛ³Ùµ ÷á÷áËíáÕ (áã
ѳëï³ïáõÝ) ïáõ·³Ý³ÛÇÝ ·áñͳÏÇóÝ»ñ:
- 106 -
- ÁÝïñíáÕ KX , KQ , X0 å³ñ³Ù»ïñ»ñÇ ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÇ ³ÝÝß³Ý ÷á÷áËáõ-
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ýϳïٳٵ ý³½³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï³·Í»ñÇ Ù»Í ½·³ÛáõÝáõÃÛ³Ùµª ÝÙ³Ý §Ý»Õ¦
»ÝóïÇñáõÛÃÝ»ñáõÙ,
- í³Ûñ¿çùÇ Ñ»ï³·ÍÇ ÁÝóóÇÏ Ï»ïÇ, ·»ñ³ÏßéáÕ Ù»Í³Ù³ëÝáõÃÛ³Ùµ
¹»åù»ñáõÙ, Áݹѳï ٳûٳïÇÏ³Ï³Ý Ï³éáõÛóÇ Ñ³Ù»Ù³ï³µ³ñ Ù»Í Ý³Ë³-
å³ïíáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí ûÅïí³Í ѳݷáõÛóÝ»ñáõ٠ϳÛáõݳݳÉáõ §Ó·ïٳٵ¦,
³ÛëÇÝùݪ ³ÛÝåÇëÇ Ñ³Ý·áõÛóÝ»ñáõÙ, áñáÝóáõ٠ݳËÝ³Ï³Ý ËݹñÇ ³Ýѳí³ë³-
ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ï»ëùáí ë³Ñٳݳ÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ µ³í³ñ³ñÙ³Ý ·áõÙ³ñ³ÛÇÝ ³Ý-
ѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¿íÏÉÇ¹Û³Ý (ϳ٠³ÛÉ) ÝáñÙÇ ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÁ ѳٻٳﳵ³ñ
Ù»Í »Ý:
²ÛëåÇëáí, ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ áã ÙdzñÅ»ù ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ ûåïÇÙ³É Ñ³Ý-
·áõÛóÝ»ñÇ áñáß Ù³ëÁ ¹áõñë ¿ ÙÝáõÙ ý³½³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï³·Í»ñÇ ÁÝóóÇÏ Ï»ï»ñÇ
§ï»ë³¹³ßïÇó¦, ù³ÝÇ áñ í³Ûñ¿çùÇ Ñ»ï³·Í»ñÁ ëáíáñ³µ³ñ §Ó·íáõÙ »Ý¦
¹»åÇ ³é³í»É Ù»Í Ý³Ë³å³ïíáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí ³ÙµáÕç³ÃÇí ѳݷáõÛóÝ»ñ, ¹ñ³-
Ýáí ÇëÏ ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ï»Éáí, ÇëÏ »ñµ»ÙÝ ¿Éª ÝáõÛÝÇëÏ µ³ó³é»Éáí ¹Çï³ñÏíáÕ
»ÝóïÇñáõÛÃáõÙ ï»Õ³µ³ßËí³Í ¨ ³é³í»É ùÇã ݳ˳å³ïíáõÃÛ³Ùµ ûÅïí³Í
ûåïÇÙ³É ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ ÷ÝïñÙ³Ý ·áñÍÝ³Ï³Ý Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ: ²Ûë
ϳñ¨áñ³·áõÛÝ ·áñÍÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ý·³Ù³ÝùÁ, Áëï »ñ¨áõÛÃÇÝ, Ñ»Ýó Çñª ïáõ·³-
ݳÛÇÝ ýáõÝÏódzݻñÇ Ù»Ãá¹Ç ¿áõÃÛ³Ý áõÕÕ³ÏÇ Ñ»ï¨³ÝùÝ ¿, áñÁ §Ó·ïáõÙ ¿¦
Ñݳñ³íáñÇÝë É³í³·áõÛÝ Ó¨áí µ³í³ñ³ñ»É ³Ýѳí³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ï»ëùáí
ë³Ñٳݳ÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇݪ Áëï Ñ»ï¨Û³É ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ.
( X ) ( C T ( X ), C ( X )) glob max ª
X
( X ) ( C T ( X ), C ( X )) loc max ª
X
- 107 -
½áõ·áñ¹áõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³çáÕ ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝÇó: Üϳï»Ýù ݳ¨, áñ ÝÙ³Ý §Ý»Õ¦ »Ýó-
ïÇñáõÛÃÝ»ñáõÙ »ñµ»ÙÝ ³éÝãíáõÙ »Ýù, ³Ûëå»ë Ïáãí³Í, §Ñ³Ù³ï³ñ³Í í»ñ³-
ë»ñí³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý ¿ý»ÏïǦ (ßñç³åïáõÛïÇ) [25], áñÇ Ñ³ÕóѳñÙ³Ý Ýå³ï³Ïáí
ëïÇåí³Í »Ýù ÉÇÝáõÙ áã ùÇã ç³Ýù»ñ ͳËë»É Ýßí³Í å³ñ³Ù»ïñ»ñÇ
µ³ñ»Ñ³çáÕ ½áõ·áñ¹áõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ:
²ëí³ÍÁ å³ñ½³µ³Ý»Ýù 3.1.2.1 µ³ÅÝÇ ûñÇݳÏÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÇ
íñ³:
Æëϳå»ë, ÇÝãå»ë óáõÛó »Ý ï³ÉÇë ÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÁ (ï»’ë ³ÕÛ. 3.8),
»ñÏáõ ûåïÇÙ³É ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñáí (ï³ñµ»ñ³Ï 4-ñ¹) »ÝóËݹñáõÙ, áñáÝó
¹»åù»ñáõÙ ρ( 0 ,0 ) 4 ρ( 1 ,1 ) 3 , Ùáï³íáñ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ ×ß·ñïÙ³Ý
³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ ³é³í»É Ñ³×³Ë Çï»ñ³óÇáÝ ·áñÍÁÝóóÝ»ñÁ ½áõ·³ÙÇïáõÙ »Ý
³é³í»É Ù»Í Ý³Ë³å³ïíáõÃÛ³Ùµ ûÅïí³Í (0,0) Ï»ïÇÝ: ºñ»ù
ûåïÇÙ³É ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñáí (ï³ñµ»ñ³Ï 9-ñ¹) »ÝóËݹñáõÙ áõÝ»Ýù
ρ( 0 ,0 ) 4 ρ( 0 ,1 ) 10 ρ( 1 ,1 ) 3 , ÇëÏ Ùáï³íáñ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ
×ß·ñïÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ ·»ñ³ÏßÇé ٻͳٳëÝáõÃÛ³Ùµ ¹»åù»ñáõÙ Çï»ñ³óÇáÝ
·áñÍÁÝóóÝ»ñÝ ³é³í»É Ñ³×³Ë ½áõ·³ÙÇïáõÙ »Ý (0,0) Ï»ïÇÝ, ³ÛëÇÝùݪ
³é³í»É³·áõÛÝ Ý³Ë³å³ïíáõÃÛ³Ùµ ûÅïí³Í Ï»ïÇÝ: ØÇÝã¹»é ãáñë ûåïÇÙ³É
ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñáí (ï³ñµ»ñ³Ï 10-ñ¹) »ÝóËݹñáõÙ, áñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»Ý
Ñ»ï¨Û³É å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁª ( 0,3 ) 10 ( 0,2 ) 8 ( 1,2 ) 5 ( 1,3 ) , ³é³-
í»É Ñ³×³Ë ëï³óíáõÙ ¿ (0,2) ûåïÇÙ³É ÉáõÍáõÙÁ, áñÝ ûÅïí³Í ¿ ѳٻ-
ٳﳵ³ñ Ù»Í Ý³Ë³å³ïíáõÃÛ³Ùµ (Ýϳï»Ýù, áñ ÙdzÛÝ Ù³ùáõñ »ñÏñ³-
ã³÷³Ï³Ý å³ïÏ»ñ³óáõÙÝ»ñÇ ÑÇÙ³Ý íñ³ ϳñ»ÉÇ ¿ ѳÙá½í»É, áñ ïíÛ³É
ËݹñáõÙ, (a,b) Ïááñ¹ÇݳïÝ»ñÇ ¨ áã ÙÇ ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ, 5 ѳï ϳÙ
³í»ÉÇ ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùµ ³ÙµáÕç³ÃÇí ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñ Ñݳñ³íáñ ã»Ý; ³Ûëï»Õ Ýß»Ýù
ݳ¨ ÝáõÛÝå»ë ѳÛïÝÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÁ [103], áñÁ ÅËïáõÙ ¿ ³ÙµáÕçáõÃÛ³Ùµ
³ÙµáÕç³ÃÇí ó³ÝóÇÝ å³ïϳÝáÕ ·³·³ÃÝ»ñáí ϳÝáݳíáñ n -³ÝÏÛ³Ý (n≠4)
·áÛáõÃÛáõÝÁ:
гÛïÝÇ ¿, áñ ³ÝÏ³Ë ³é³ç³ñÏíáÕ Ï³Ù ¿É û·ï³·áñÍíáÕ Ù»-
Ãá¹Ý»ñÇó, ³ÙµáÕç³ÃÇí ûåïÇٳɳóÙ³Ý ËݹÇñÝ»ñáõÙ ³é³ÝÓݳѳïáõÏ
ï»Õ ¿ ½µ³Õ»óÝáõ٠ϳݷ³éÇ ÑÇÙ³ËݹÇñÁ: ²ÝÁݹѳï ÷á÷á˳ϳÝÝ»ñáí
- 108 -
ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ áã µ³ñ¹ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ µ³½Ù³ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý ÏáÕùÇÝ
ûåïÇٳɳóÙ³Ý ³ÙµáÕç³ÃÇí ËݹÇñÝ»ñáõÙ ëáíáñ³µ³ñ å³Ñ³ÝçíáõÙ »Ý
ϳݷ³éÇ µ³ñ¹ ½áõ·³Ïóí³Í å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñ, áñáÝó µ³í³ñ³ñÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ µ³½-
Ù³ï³ñµ»ñ³Ï³ÛÇÝ ÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÙ³Ý ×³Ý³å³ñÑÇÝ ³ÝÑñ³-
Å»ßï ¿ ÉÇÝáõ٠ͳËë»É ß³ï ³í»ÉÇ Ù»Í ×Ç·»ñ ¨ Ù»ù»Ý³Û³Ï³Ý ųٳݳÏ:
²ÙµáÕç³ÃÇí ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ Ï³éáõóí³Íù³ÛÇÝ ³é³ÝÓݳѳïÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ
Ñ³×³Ë ÍÝáõÙ »Ý ݳ¨ ³ÛÉ µÝáõÛÃÇ µ³ñ¹áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ, áñáÝù Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ
ÏáÝÏñ»ï ËݹñáõÙ ³ñï³Ñ³ÛïíáõÙ »Ý Ûáõñ³Ñ³ïáõÏ ¹ñë¨áñáõÙÝ»ñáí:
- 110 -
å³ÛٳݳíáñáÕ ÉáõÍáÕ Ï³ÝáÝÝ ¿, áñÁ µ³í³ñ³ñáõÙ ¿ B -ÇÝ:
MM Ùá¹»ÉÇ Ï³éáõóÙ³Ý ³é³í»É ¹Åí³ñÇÝ ¨ å³ï³ë˳ݳïáõ ÷áõÉÁ
ÉáõÍáÕ Ï³ÝáÝÇ µ³ó³Ñ³ÛïáõÙÝ ¿, áñÁ ÃáõÛÉ ¿ ï³ÉÇë ÏáÝÏñ»ï ÇÙ³ëï
ѳÕáñ¹»É ѳٻٳïíáÕ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ Ý³Ë³å³ïíáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ:
¶áÛáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»Ý -Ç áñáßÙ³Ý »ñÏáõ, ëϽµáõÝùáñ»Ý Çñ³ñÇó ï³ñµ»ñ,
Ùáï»óáõÙÝ»ñ. åñ»ëÏñÇåïÇí (ÝáñÙ³ïÇí³ÛÇÝ) ¨ ¹ÇëÏñÇåïÇí (Ýϳñ³·ñ³-
ϳÝ): ²é³çÇÝ ¹»åùáõÙ ÉáõÍáÕ Ï³ÝáÝÁ ïñíáõÙ ¿ ÇÝã-áñ Çñ³Ï³Ý ( )
ýáõÝÏódzÛÇ ï»ëùáí (ÁݹѳÝñ³óí³Í ϳ٠ÇÝï»·ñ³É³ÛÇÝ ã³÷³ÝÇß), áñÇ
³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ ïñí³Í ѳí³ù³ÍáõÝ §÷³Ã³ÃíáõÙ¦ ¿ Ù»Ï
ÁݹѳÝñ³Ï³Ý ã³÷³ÝÇßÇ Ù»ç, ¨ µ³½Ù³ã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÝáõÃÛ³Ý ÑÇÙݳËݹÇñÁ
ÉáõÍíáõÙ ¿ ³ñÙ³ï³Ï³Ý Ó¨áí: ºñÏñáñ¹ ¹»åùáõÙ Ý³Ë Ñ»ï³½áïíáõÙ ¨
µ³ó³Ñ³ÛïíáõÙ ¿ Çñ³Ï³Ý ìβ-Ç Ý³Ë³å³ïíáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ B ѳٳϳñ·Á,
áñÇó Ñ»ïá, ëï³óí³Í ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÑÇÙ³Ý íñ³, ϳéáõóíáõÙ ¿ ÉáõÍáÕ
ϳÝáÝÁ` ϳ٠ÁݹѳÝñ³Ï³Ý ã³÷³ÝÇßÇ Ï³Ù ¿É áñáß³ÏÇ ¿íñÇëïÇÏ Ï³-
ÝáÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ËÙµáõÃÛ³Ý ï»ëùáí (µ³½Ù³ù³ÛÉ Ù³ñ¹-Ù»ù»Ý³Û³Ï³Ý ÁÝóó³-
ϳñ·»ñ):
ÀݹѳÝñ³Ï³Ý áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÇ Ï³éáõóÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï Ýå³ï³Ï³-
ѳñÙ³ñ ¿ ( ) -Á Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É ³é³í»É å³ñ½ ýáõÝÏódzݻñÇ ½áõ·áñ¹Ù³Ý
ÙÇçáóáí, áñáÝù ϳËí³Í »Ý ³í»ÉÇ ÷áùñ Ãíáí ÷á÷á˳ϳÝÝ»ñÇó: àõëïÇ
ÁݹѳÝñ³Ï³Ý áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÇÝ ëáíáñ³µ³ñ Ý»ñϳ۳óíáõÙ »Ý »ñÏáõ
ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý å³Ñ³ÝçÝ»ñª ·áÛáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ³ÝÁݹѳïáõÃÛ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ:
¶áÛáõÃÛ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÁ Ù³ïݳÝßáõÙ ¿ ³ÛÝ ÷³ëïÁ, áñ ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ
µ³½ÙáõÃÛáõÝÁ, Çñáù, Ñݳñ³íáñ ¿ ÷á˳ñÇÝ»É Ýñ³Ý ѳٳñÅ»ù ¨ ù³Ý³Ï³å»ë
ã³÷íáÕ Ù»Ï ÁݹѳÝñ³Ï³Ý ã³÷³ÝÇßáí: ²ÝÁݹѳïáõÃÛ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÁ
Ù³ïݳÝßáõÙ ¿ ³ÛÝ ÷³ëïÁ, áñ Ù³ëݳÏÇ áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ ÷áùñ ³×»ñÇÝ
å»ïù ¿ ѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý»Ý ÁݹѳÝñ³Ï³Ý áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÇ ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÇ
ÝáõÛÝ Ï³ñ·Ç ÷áùñ ³×»ñ:
àñ³ÏÇ ÁݹѳÝñ³Ï³Ý ã³÷³ÝÇßÇ Ï³Ù ¿É û·ï³Ï³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ýáõÝÏódzÛÇ
û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý ·³Õ³÷³ñÁ ÍÝ»ó ٳûٳïÇÏ³Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñ³íáñÙ³Ý ¨ ûå-
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ïÇÙ³É Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý ·Í³ÛÇÝ ¨ á㠷ͳÛÇÝ ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý µ³½Ù³ÃÇí
å³ñ³Ù»ïñ³Ï³Ý Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñ, áñáÝóáõÙ áñå»ë ûåïÇٳɳóÝáÕ ýáõÝÏódzݻñ
ëáíáñ³µ³ñ û·ï³·áñÍíáõÙ »Ý ·Í³ÛÇÝ, ÙáõÉïÇåÉÇϳïÇí, ÁݹѳÝñ³óí³Í ¨
³í»ÉÇ ÁݹѳÝáõñ ï»ëùÇ ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ [74]: àñáß³ÏÇ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ
÷³Ã³ÃÝ»ñÇó ó³Ýϳó³ÍÁ, ÇÝãå»ë ³å³óáõóíáõÙ ¿ [64]-áõÙ, å³ïϳÝáõÙ ¿
ä³ñ»ïáÛÇ µ³½ÙáõÃÛ³ÝÁ ϳ٠¿É ó³Ýϳó³Í å³ñ»ïáÛ³Ï³Ý Ï»ïÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ
ÙÇßï ¿É Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ¿ ·ïÝ»É ³ÛÝåÇëÇ ÷³Ã³Ã, áñÇ ûåïÇÙáõÙÁ ó³Ýϳó³Í ã³÷áí
Ùáï ÏÉÇÝÇ ïíÛ³É Ï»ïÇÝ:
ºÝó¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ, áñ ûµÛ»ÏïÇí Ùá¹»ÉÁ å³ñáõݳÏáõÙ ¿ ³ÙµáÕç ³ÝÑñ³-
Å»ßï ÇÝýáñÙ³óÇ³Ý É³í³·áõÛÝ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ÁÝïñÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ, ѳϳëáõÙ ¿
µ³½Ù³ã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ ËݹñÇ ¿áõÃÛ³ÝÁ, áñÁ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ÷á˽ÇçáõÙ³ÛÇÝ µÝáõÛÃÇ
Ù»ç ¿: ÆëÏ ¹ñ³ ѳٳñ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï »Ý Éñ³óáõóÇã ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ, áñáÝù
ϳñáÕ »Ý ëï³óí»É ìβ-Ç ÏáÕÙÇó ¨ áñÝ ¿É å³ï³ë˳ݳïáõ ¿ ÇÝãå»ë ³Û¹
í×éÇ, ³ÛÝå»ë »É Ýñ³ Ñݳñ³íáñ ѻ勉ÝùÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ: ºÉÝ»Éáí Éñ³óáõóÇã
ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ µÝáõó·ñ»ñÇó áñáÝù å»ïù ¿ ëï³óí»Ý ìβ -Çóª í×Çé-
Ý»ñÇ Ï³Û³óÙ³Ý ÁÝóó³Ï³ñ·»ñÁ ¹³ë³Ï³ñ·íáõÙ »Ý ³åñÇáñÇ, ³åáëï»ñÇá-
ñÇ ¨ ѳñÙ³ñíáÕ ³¹³åïÇí ÁÝóó³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ :
²åñÇáñÇ ÁÝóó³Ï³ñ·»ñÁ ÑÇÙÝí³Í »Ý ³ÛÝ »Ýó¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³, áñ
ÉáõÍíáÕ ËݹñÇ Ùá¹»ÉÁ å³ñáõݳÏáõÙ ¿ É³í³·áõÛÝ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ÷ÝïñÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ
³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ³ÙµáÕç ÇÝýáñÙ³ódzÝ: ²ÝáñáßáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³Ûëï»Õ í»ñ³óíáõÙ ¿ Éáõ-
ÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ ÁݹѳÝñ³Ï³Ý áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÇ ³åñÇáñÇ ïñÙ³Ý ÙÇçáóáíª
ÑÇÙÝí»Éáí ÉáÏ³É ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ùµ Ýϳñ³·ñíáÕ µÝáõó·ñ»ñÇÝ:
ÀݹѳÝñ³Ï³Ý áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÁ Ùá¹»ÉÇ Ù»ç ³åñÇáñÇ ÙïóÝ»Éáõ Ñ»ï
ϳåí³Í Ùáï»óáõÙÝ ³éϳ ¿ ûåïÇÙ³É Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý ½³Ý³½³Ý ËݹÇñ-
Ý»ñáõÙ:
²åáëï»ñÇáñÇ ÁÝóó³Ï³ñ·»ñáõÙ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ݳ-
˳å³ïíáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³µ»ñÛ³É ëïáõ·íáõÙ »Ý ËݹñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÇó ³Ý-
ÙÇç³å»ë ³é³ç, ÇëÏ Ñ³ñÙ³ñíáÕ ÁÝóó³Ï³ñ·»ñáõÙª ݳ˳å³ïíáõÃÛáõÝ-
Ý»ñÇ Ñ³çáñ¹³Ï³Ý µ³ó³Ñ³ÛïÙ³Ý ×³Ý³å³ñÑáíª ÃáõÛɳïñ»ÉÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ
- 112 -
µ³½ÙáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ»ï³½áïÙ³Ý Ñ»ï ÙdzųٳݳÏ: ²Ûë ÁÝóó³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ ³é³-
í»ÉáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³åñÇáñÇ ÁÝóó³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ Ýϳïٳٵ ³ÛÝ ¿, áñ Ýñ³ÝóáõÙ Ñëï³-
Ïáñ»Ý áñáßí³Í »Ý ³ÛÝ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝó ϳï³ñÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï Ýñ³Ýù
ϳñáÕ »Ý ÏÇñ³éí»É ÏáÝÏñ»ï ËݹÇñÝ»ñáõÙ: ´³ñ¹áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ÑÇÙݳϳÝáõÙ
ϳåí³Í »Ý Ù»Í Í³í³Éáí Éñ³óáõóÇã ÇÝýáñÙ³ódz ëï³Ý³Éáõ ¨ í»ñçÇÝÇë
³Ýѳϳë³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ëïáõ·Ù³Ý Ù»ç:
²¹³åïÇí ÁÝóó³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ³é³í»É µÝáõó·ñ³Ï³Ý ¿ ³ÛÝ
Ùáï»óáõÙÁ, Áëï áñÇ ä³ñ»ïáÛÇ µ³½ÙáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï ë³ÑÙ³ÝÁ Ñ»ï³-
½áïíáõÙ ¿ ³ñÑ»ëï³Ï³Ýáñ»Ý Ý»ñÙáõÍíáÕ ë³Ñٳݳ÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ùµ,
áñáÝù ¹ñíáõÙ »Ý áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ íñ³: ²¹³åïÇí Ùáï»óáõÙÝ»ñÁ
µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï »Ý ÙÝáõÙ µ³½Ù³ã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ ËݹÇñÝ»ñáõÙ
ݳËÁÝïñ»ÉÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý ÇÝï»ñ³ÏïÇí ·áñÍÁÝóóÝ»ñÇ Ï³é³í³ñ-
Ù³Ý ï»ë³ÝÏÛáõÝÇó, ù³ÝÇ áñ ³ÙµáÕç ³åñÇáñÇ ÇÝýáñÙ³ódzÝ, áñÁ å³ñáõ-
ݳÏíáõÙ ¿ ·áñÍáÕ Ï³Ù ¿É ݳ˳·ÍíáÕ ûµÛ»ÏïÇ Ùá¹»ÉáõÙ, áñÁ Ïïñí³Í ¿
ûåïÇٳɳóÙ³Ý ûµÛ»ÏïÇ µáí³Ý¹³Ï³ÛÇÝ ÷³ëï³óÇ í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛáõÝÇó, ϳñáÕ
¿ ѳݷ»óÝ»É áã ³¹»ùí³ï ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÇ:
ÆÝï»ñ³ÏïÇí ѳٳϳñ·»ñÇ Ï³éáõóÙ³Ý ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ·³Õ³÷³ñÁ ÇÝ-
ýáñÙ³óÇáÝ ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³Ý»ñÇ ¨ Ù³ñ¹áõ ÁݹѳÝñ³Ï³Ý Áݹ·ñÏÙ³Ý áõݳ-
ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÝ áõ Ý»ñѳۻóáÕ³Ï³Ý (ÇÝïáõÇïÇí) ϳñáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÝ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳ-
í»ïáñ»Ý Ùdzíáñ»Éáõ Ù»ç ¿:
´³½Ù³ã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ ûåïÇٳɳóÙ³Ý ï»ë³Ï³Ý ÑÇÙݳ¹ñáõÛÃÝ»ñÇÝ
í»ñ³µ»ñáÕ Ù»Í³ù³Ý³Ï ³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñÇ í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ óáõÛó ¿ ï³ÉÇë, áñ
ãÝ³Û³Í µ³½³Ù³ã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ Ý»ñϳÛáõÙë ³éϳ
µ³½Ù³ÃÇí Ù³ñ¹-Ù»ù»Ý³Û³Ï³Ý Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÇÝ ¨ ÁÝóó³Ï³ñ·»ñÇÝ, ³ÛÝáõ³Ù»-
ݳÛÝÇí Ýñ³Ýó ÑÇÙùáõÙ ÁÝÏ³Í »Ý ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ ÁÝïñáõÃÛ³Ý áã Ù»Í
ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùµ ëϽµáõÝùÝ»ñ [55].
µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ ÁݹѳÝáõñ ¨ ɳÛÝáñ»Ý ï³ñ³Íí³Í ëϽµáõÝùÁ
»ÉÝáõÙ ¿ ·Ý³Ñ³ï³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ µ³½ÙáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³ ݳ˳å³ïíáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ñ³µ»-
ñ³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý ·áÛáõÃÛ³Ý »Ýó¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÇó, áñÁ ϳËí³Í ¿ ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ
- 113 -
ѳٳϳñ·Çó, áñÇ §É³í³·áõÛݦ ï³ññ»ñÁ ѳÙÁÝÏÝáõÙ »Ý ËݹñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ
µ³½ÙáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ»ï,
·áñÍÝ³Ï³Ý ëϽµáõÝùÝ»ñÇ µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ Ù»Í ¹³ë »ÉÝáõÙ ¿
Ýå³ï³Ï³ÛÇÝ ýáõÝÏódzݻñÇ ³ÙµáÕçáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ù»Ï ÁݹѳÝñ³Ï³Ý ûåïÇÙ³-
ÉáõÃÛ³Ý ã³÷³ÝÇßÇ ï»ëùáí Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»Éáõóª ¹ñ³Ýáí ÇëÏ Ñ³Ý·»óÝ»Éáí
µ³½Ù³ã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ ËݹÇñÁ ëϳÉÛ³ñ ËݹñÇ,
ÁÝïñáõÃÛ³Ý ëϽµáõÝùÝ»ñÇ Ñ³çáñ¹ ËáõÙµÁ ÑÇÙÝíáõÙ ¿ ݳ˳å³ï-
íáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³çáñ¹³µ³ñ µ³ó³Ñ³ÛïÙ³Ý ·³Õ³÷³ñÇ íñ³ª ³é³ÝÓÇÝ Ýå³-
ï³Ï³ÛÇÝ ýáõÝÏódzݻñÇ ¨ Ýñ³Ýó ÙÇç¨ Ñ³ñ³µ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ³ÝÙÇç³Ï³Ý
í»ñÉáõÍÙ³Ý ×³Ý³å³ñÑáí; ÝÙ³Ý í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõ٠ϳ٠ÁÝïñíáõÙ ¿
ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ ÙÇ áñáß Ù³ëÁ, áñáÝó ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÁ å»ïù ¿ ٻͳóí»Ý (÷áùñ³ó-
í»Ý)ª ³ÛÝ å³ÛÙ³Ýáí, áñ ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ Ùݳó³Í Ù³ëÁ å»ïù ¿ µ³í³ñ³ñÇ
áñáß ë³Ñٳݳ÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ, ϳ٠¿É ÁÝïñíáõÙ ¿ ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ ³ÛÝ Ù³ëÁ, Áëï
áñáÝó ·Ý³Ñ³ï³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ µ³½ÙáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳñ³ñ ë³ÑÙ³ÝÇ Ûáõñ³-
ù³ÝãÛáõñ Ï»ïáõÙ (áñáÝù ËݹñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñ ã»Ý) ϳñ»ÉÇ ¿ ϳ٠¿É ãÇ Ï³ñ»ÉÇ
·Ý³É ½ÇçáõÙÝ»ñǪ ³ÛÝ µ³ÝÇ Ýå³ï³Ïáí, áñå»ë½Ç µ³ñ»É³íí»Ý ϳ٠¿É ·áÝ»
å³Ñå³Ýí»Ý ÙÛáõë ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÁ:
L ( X ) ( L( X ) L0 )T ( L( X ) L0 ) min , (3.113)
X
Ω:S(X) 0 , (3.114)
- 116 -
²ÛÅÙ Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»Ýù ٳûٳïÇÏ³Ï³Ý Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝù ݳ˳ï»ëí³Í
»Ý (3.116) á㠷ͳÛÇÝ ³íïáÝá٠ѳٳϳñ·Ç ϳ٠¿É Ýñ³ ùí³½Ç·Í³ÛÇÝ
ѳٳñÅ»ùÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ:
³) ²²ê¶¸ìØ –Ý áõÝÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É ï»ëùÁ`
T 0 T
X ( t ) K x L ( X ( t )) ( L( X ( t )) L ) S ( X ( t )) , X ( t 0 ) ?, (3.117)
K S ( X ( t )), (3.118)
L L( X K ) LT ( X K ) X K , (3.120)
S S ( X K ) S ( X K ) X K , (3.121)
áñï»Õ K X diag K x1 ,..., K x n -Á µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ Ù»Í ï³ññ»ñáí (KX
- 117 -
X k ( t ) K x LT ( X k ) ( L( X k ) L0 ) S T ( X k ) k ,
X 0 ?, X 0 ( 0 ) ?, (3.124)
k K S ( X k ) S ( X k ) X k ( t ) , (3.125)
X k 1 X k X k0 ( t ), (3.126)
L L ( X K ) LT ( X K ) X *K ( t ) L( X K ) L0
T
(3.127)
( L( X K ) L0 ) 2L( X K ) X *K ( t ) ,
* *
áñï»Õ X K ( t ) X K X K ( t )h Ý X K ( t ) í»ÏïáñÇ Ñ³ëï³ïí³Í
Q( X ) ( S T ( X ), R T ( X ))T 0 (3.128)
L2 ( x 1 , x 2 ) ( x 1 2 )2 ( x 2 9 )2 min ,
x1 , x 2
L3 ( x 1 , x 2 ) x 1 x 2 min ;
x1 , x 2
- 118 -
c 1 ( x 1 , x 2 ) x 12 4 x 2 0 ,
2
c 2 ( x 1 , x 2 ) x 1 ( x 2 4 ) 1 0 ,
: c 3 ( x 1 , x 2 ) x 1 x 2 5 0 ,
2
c 4 ( x 1 , x 2 ) x 1 x 2 1 0 ,
c ( x , x ) ( x 3 )2 ( x 7 )2 2.25 0 :
5 1 2 1 2
µ) x 10 1 , x 20 6 , L 2 ( x 10 , x 20 ) 18 ,
·) x 10 2 , x 20 1 , L1 ( x 10 , x 20 ) 1 :
²·ñ»·³óí³Í ËݹñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÁ ÝáõÛÝ »Õ³Ý³Ïáí 10
÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í »Ý ³ÕÛ. 3.21. - áõÙ:
ÊݹñÇ Ñ³í³ÏÝáñ¹ ×ß·ñÇï ÉáõÍáõÙÁ (Áëï 9 ³ñ¹Ûáõݳñ³ñ ÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙ-
Ý»ñÇ ÙÇçÇÝ ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÇ) Ñ»ï¨Û³ÉÝ ¿`
~
x 1* 3.72197 , ~
x 2* 8.32383 ,
Áݹ áñáõÙ
L1 ( ~
x1* , ~
x2* ) 27.96246, L2 ( ~x1* , ~
x 2* ) 32.28373,
L3 ( ~ x 2* ) 12.04580; L( ~
x1* , ~ x 1* , ~
x 2* ) 725.09092 :
- 119 -
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 3.21
êϽµÝ³Ï»ïÁ Æï»ñ³- ÈáõÍáõÙÁ
ö.
x10 x20 L0 ódzݻñ x* 1 x*2 L*
1 4 4 2891 - гßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍÁÝóóÝ»ñÁ ï³ñ³ÙÇïáõÙ »Ý
2 2 39259 28 3.73439 8.30793 723.70375
-4
3 13 33960 32
4 -2 9 12932 30 3.72651 8.26603 723.57609
5 10 10 16595 40
6 9 46331 28 3.73439 8.30793 723.70375
-1
7 -2 43592 21 3.72651 8.26603 723.57609
8 6 10 2507 22 3.66052 8.66052 736.82675
9 -2 2 22571 28 3.73439 8.30793 723.70375
1
1.5 6 2608 35 3.72651 8.326603 723.57609
0
891.48780
4. -2 9 12932 73
4.698013
8.069777
5. 10 10 16595 1.5103 190
10-6 1
6. 9 46331 103 270
-1
7. -2 43592 102 20 274
10-5
8. 6 10 2507 103 1 28
9. -2 2 22571 104 270
10-7 10
10. 1.5 6 2608 5104 39
13
x2
12
11
10
(-2,9) L1(X)
9 C5(X)
L2(X) 8 (x10,x20) ³)
(9,8)
7
6
(x10,x20) µ)
5
4 C1(X)
3
C3(X) 2
(x10,x20) ·) C2(X)
1
L3(X)
0
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
-1 C4(X)
x1
-2
ÜÏ. 3.11
- 121 -
´³ó³ñÓ³Ï ¨ ѳñ³µ»ñ³Ï³Ý ë˳ɳÝùÝ»ñÁ ×ß·ñÇï ÉáõÍÙ³Ý
Ýϳïٳٵ ѳí³ë³ñ »Ýª x1 0.976043, x 2 0.254053; áñï»Õ
L2 ( ~
x 1* , ~
x 2* ) 46.972758 , L3 ( ~ x *2 ) 13.920850; L( ~
x 1* , ~ x 1* , ~
x *2 ) 1087.778700 :
²Ûë ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ÷ÝïñÙ³Ý ý³½³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï³·Í»ñÁ í»ñáÑÇß۳ɪ Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë 3-
ñ¹ - 7-ñ¹ ÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í »Ý ÝÏ. 3.12 –áõÙ:
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 3.23
êϽµÝ³Ï»ïÁ Æï»ñ³- ÈáõÍáõÙÁ
öáñÓ KX K
x10 x20 L0 ódzݻñ x1* x2 * L*
1. 4 4 2891 103 11
2
10-2
2. 2 39259 2.510 40
-4
3. 13 33960 210 52
0.1
4. -2 9 12932 2
310 22
1087.77870
4.795430
8.12542
5. 10 10 16595 5104 97
4
10-4
6. 9 46331 10 30
-1
7. -2 43592 103 2.10-3 70
3 -4
8. 6 10 2507 10 10 10
2
9. -2 2 22571 10 50
10-2
10 1.5 6 2608 5102 12
- 122 -
13
x2
12
11
10
(-2,9) L1(X)
9 C5(X)
L2(X) 8 (x10,x20) ³)
(9,8)
7
6
(x10,x20) µ)
5
4 C1(X)
3
C3(X) 2
(x10,x20) ·) C2(X)
1
L3(X)
0
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
-1 C4(X )
x1
-2
ÜÏ. 3.12
¸Çï³ñÏ»Ýù
d f 1 ( X ( t ))
f 2 ( X ( t )), X ( 0 ) fix (4.1)
dt
ï»ëùÇ áã ϳÝáÝ³Ï³Ý (÷ÝïñíáÕ ÷á÷á˳ϳÝÝ»ñÇ ³Í³ÝóÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ
Ýϳïٳٵ ãÃáõÛɳïñí³Í) ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Á,
áñï»Õ X ( t ) ( x 1 ( t ), ..., x n ( t ) )T -Ý ÷ÝïñíáÕ ÷á÷á˳ϳÝÝ»ñÇ n
- 124 -
áñï»Õ K diag ( k 1 ,..., k m ) –Ý ïáõ·³Ý³ÛÇÝ ·áñͳÏÇóÝ»ñÇ ³ÝÏÛáõݳ-
·Í³ÛÇÝ Ù³ïñÇóÝ ¿:
(4.3) ýáõÝÏódzÛÇ min -Ç ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ µ»ñáõÙ »Ý
ѳí³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É ѳٳϳñ·Çݪ
f 1TX ( X ( t )) K f 1 ( X ( t )) U( X ( t )) 0 ,
áñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ²²¶¸ìØ-Ý áõÝÇ ³ÛëåÇëÇ ï»ëùª
X ( t ) K X f 1TX ( X ( t )) K f 1 ( X ( t )) U( X ( t )), X ( 0 ) fix , (4.4)
U K ( t ) f 2 ( X K ) f 2 X ( X K ) X K ( t ) , (4.8)
X K 1 X K X *K , X 0 X ( 0 ) fix , X K ( 0 ) ?, K , (4.9)
U K 1 U K U *K ,U 0 U ( 0 ) fix , U K ( 0 ) ?, K : (4.10)
(4.6)– (4.10) ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ²ìîÐ-Ý áõÝÇ
³ÛëåÇëÇ ï»ëùª
l 1
T
K
l
T
X K EX hX KX f1 X ( X K ) K f1X ( X K ) X K l
(4.11)
T
hXK KX f ( X K ) K f ( X K ) UK ,
l
1X T
1X
U K l 1
U K l hU K l f 2 ( X K ) f 2 X ( X K ) X K l (4.12)
X K 1 X K X K l , X 0 X ( 0 ) fix , X K 0 ?, K , (4.13)
l
U K 1 U K U K l ,U 0 U ( 0 ) fix , U K ( 0 ) ?, K , (4.14)
l
- 125 -
áñï»Õ hX K 0 -Ý ¨ hU K 0 -Ý Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ë˳ݳµ³ñ Áëï X ¨ U
l l
ûå»ñ³ïáñÁ ( m n ):
Ü߳ݳϻÝù
X ( t ) U ( t ), X ( 0 ) fix ,
T
áñï»Õ U ( t ) ( u1 ( t ), ..., un ( t ) ) -Ý Éñ³óáõóÇã ÷á÷á˳ϳÝÝ»ñÇ (ϳé³í³-
- 126 -
áñï»Õ ( 1 ,..., m )T -Ý È³·ñ³ÝÅÇ ³Ýáñáß µ³½Ù³å³ïÏÇãÝ»ñÇ m ã³-
T
÷³ÝÇ í»ÏïáñÝ ¿, ÇëÏ ( t ) ( 1 ( t ),..., n ( t )) -ݪ ѳٳÉáõÍ ÷á÷á˳-
K f ( X ( t ),U ( t )) , (4.22)
U ( t ) K U f UT ( X ( t ),U ( t )) ( t ) , U ( 0 ) fix , (4.24)
- 127 -
X K ( t ) U K ( t ) U K , (4.25)
K K f ( X K , U K ) f X ( X K , U K ) X K (t ) fU ( X K , U K )U K (t ), (4.26)
U K ( t ) K U f UT ( X K , U K ) K K ( t ) , (4.28)
K K f ( X K ,U K ) f X ( X K ,U K ) X K f U ( X K ,U K ) U K ,
l l
(4.32)
K l1
K l h K l f XT ( X K ,U K ) K , K 0 ? , (4.33)
U K l 1
U K l hU K l K U f UT ( X K ,U K ) K K l , K , (4.34)
X K 1 X K X K l , X 0 X ( 0 ) fix , X K 0 ?, K , (4.35)
l
U K 1 U K U K l ,U 0 U ( 0 ) fix , U K 0 ?, K , (4.36)
l
K f ( U ( t )) , (4.40)
K K f ( U K ) f U ( U K ) U K ( t ) , (4.42)
U K 1 U K U *K ,U 0 U ( 0 ) fix , U K ( 0 ) ?, K : (4.43)
(4.41)– (4.43) ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ²ìîÐ-Ý ¿É áõÝÇ
³ÛëåÇëÇ ï»ëùª
U K l 1
U K l hU K K U f UT ( U K ) K , (4.44)
l
K K f ( U K ) f U ( U K ) U K , l
(4.45)
- 129 -
Üϳï»Ýù, áñ µáÉáñ ³Ûë Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ X ( t ) í»Ïïáñ³Ï³Ý
÷á÷á˳ϳÝÁ ѳßí³ñÏíáõÙ ¿ (4.37) ³éÝãáõÃÛ³ÝÁ ѳٳå³ï³ë˳Ý:
- 130 -
ØṻɳíáñÙ³Ý ËݹÇñÁ ϳé³í³ñáÕ ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ í»ÏïáñÇ
÷á÷áËÙ³Ý ³ÛÝåÇëÇ ûñ»ÝùÇ áñáßáõÙÝ ¿, áñÁ t 0 ,T ųٳݳϳѳïí³ÍÇ
íñ³ ųٳݳÏÇ ó³Ýϳó³Í å³ÑÇÝ ¿ùëïñ»Ù³É³óÝáõÙ ¿ (4.47) áñ³ÏÇ
ã³÷³ÝÇßÁ, Áݹ áñáõÙ, ÇÝãå»ë ϳé³í³ñáÕ ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, ³ÛÝå»ë ¿É
íÇ׳ÏÇ ÷á÷á˳ϳÝÝ»ñÁ, áñáÝù ÷á÷áËíáõÙ »Ý Áëï (4.48) –Ç, ã»Ý ÉùáõÙ
ϳåí³Í (4.49) ÃáõÛɳïñ»ÉÇ ïÇñáõÛÃÇ ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ: ²ÛÉ Ï»ñå, ËݹÇñÁ
U extr ( t ) ¨ X extr ( t ) ¿ùëïñ»Ù³ÉÝ»ñÇ áñáßáõÙÝ ¿, áñáÝù µ³í³ñ³ñáõÙ »Ý
(4.47)-(4.49) å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇÝ:
ÊݹñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÁ µ³Õϳó³Í ¿ ѳßí³ñÏÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï¨Û³É »ñ»ù ÷áõÉ»ñÇó:
*
1-ÇÝ ÷áõÉÁ ѳݷáõÙ ¿ ý³½³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï³·ÍÇ Ó³Ë Í³Ûñ³Ï»ïáõÙ U ( t 0 )
U ( t ) K U LU ( )t0 S UT ( )t0 ,U ( t 0 ) ? , (4.53)
K S ( )t , 0
(4.54)
U K 1 ( t 0 ) U K ( t 0 ) U *K ( t 0 ) , (4.58)
l 1
T
U K ( t 0 ) E U hU K U SU ( )K K SU ( )K
Kl t0 t0 U Kl ( t0 )
hU K l K U LU ( )K t SUT ( )K t K SU ( )K t ,
0 0 0
(4.60)
U 0 ( t 0 ) ?, U 0 ( t 0 ) ?,K ,
U K 1 ( t 0 ) U K ( t 0 ) U K l ( t 0 ) , (4.61)
l
- 132 -
Ñ»ïá ½³ï»É Çñ³ñÇó ï³ñµ»ñ ѳí³ÏÝáñ¹ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ ï»Õ³ÛÇÝ ËÙµ»ñÁ:
ÊݹñÇ ÁݹѳÝñ³Ï³Ý ÉáõÍáõÙÁ Ïå³ñáõݳÏíÇ Ýå³ï³Ï³ÛÇÝ ýáõÝÏódzÛÇ
Ýí³½³·áõÛÝ ³ñÅ»ùáí ÇÝã-áñ ï»Õ³ÛÇÝ ËÙµáõÙ: ²Û¹åÇëáí ÏáñáßíÇ U * ( t0 )
í»ÏïáñÁ, áõëïÇ ¨ X ( t 0 ),U * ( t 0 ) í»ÏïáñÁ ý³½³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï³·ÍÇ Ó³Ë
ͳÛñ³Ï»ïáõÙ:
X ( t ) K X LX ( )T S TX ( )T , X ( t 0 ) ? , (4.65)
- 133 -
( X K ( T ),U K ( T )) ~ ( )K T Ý߳ݳÏÙ³Ý ¹»åùáõ٠ѳٳå³ï³ë˳Ý
²²ê¶¸ìø¶Ø-Ý áõÝÇ ³ÛëåÇëÇ ï»ëùª
L( X ( T ),U ( T )) L( )KT LTX ( )KT X *K ( T )
(4.68)
LTU ( )KT U *K ( T ) min ,
X K ( T ),U K ( T )
T
X K l 1 (T ) EX hX K l K X S X () KT K S X ()KT
U K (T ) h T
l 1 U K l K U SU () KT K SU () KT
hX K K X LX ()KT S TX ()KT K S X ()KT (4.75)
,
l
Kl
hU K U LU ()KT SUT ()KT K SU ()KT (4.76)
- 134 -
X K 1 ( T ) X K ( T ) X K l ( T ) , X 0 ( T ) ?, X K 0 ( T ) ?, K , (4.77)
l
U K 1 ( T ) U K ( T ) U K l ( T ) ,U 0 ( T ) ?, U K 0 ( T ) ?, K , (4.78)
l
x 0 ( t ) H 0 L( )t min , (4.83)
X(t),U(t)
X ( t ) H f ( ) t
, X(t 0 ) fix, X * (T) fix , (4.84)
0 ( t ) H x 0 , 0 (t 0 ) ? ,
0
(4.85)
( t ) H X LX ( )t 0 ( t ) - f XT ( )t ( t ) - S TX ( )t ( t ),
(4.86)
(t0 ) ? ,
0 H U LU ( )t 0 ( t ) f UT ( )t ( t ) S UT ( )t ( t ) ,
(4.87)
U * (t 0 ) fix , U * (T) fix ,
0 H S( )t , (4.88)
0 ( t ) 0 , 0 (t 0 ) ? , (4.91)
U ( t ) K U LU ( )t 0 ( t ) f UT ( )t ( t ) S UT ( )t ( t ) , (4.93)
U * (t 0 ) fix , U * (T) fix ,
( t ) K S( )t , (4.94)
å³ÑÇÝ:
(4.89)- (4.94) ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ²²ê¶¸ìø¶Ø-Á
Ùáï³ñÏÙ³Ý K –ñ¹ »Ýóï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý ( X K ( t ),U K ( t )) ~ ( )Kt Ï»ÝïñáÝÇ
- 137 -
L( X ( t ), U ( t )) L() Kt LTX () Kt X K*
(4.95)
LTU () Kt U K* min ,
X K (t),U K (t)
0 ( t ) 0 , 0 (t 0 ) ? ,
K K
(4.97)
U K ( t ) K U LU ( )Kt 0 ( t ) fU ( )Kt K ( t ) SU ( )Kt K ( t ) ,
K
T T
(4.99)
U0 (t) U * (t0 ) fix,U * (T) fix, U K (t0 ) ?,K ,
X K 1 ( t ) X K ( t ) X *K , (4.101)
U K 1 ( t ) U K ( t ) U *K : (4.102)
- 138 -
L( X ( t ),U ( t )) L( )Kt LTX ( )K t X K l
l
(4.103)
T
L ( )K t U K l
U min ,
X K ( t ),U K ( t )
l
hX K l f U ( ) Kt X K
l
h K l S TX ( ) Kt K SU ( ) Kt Kl
T U
E U hU K l K U SU ( ) Kt K SU ( ) Kt Kl
hX f X ( ) Kt
Kl
T
h K l LX ( ) Kt S X ( ) Kt K S ( ) Kt ,
Kl
hU K U LU ( ) Kt SUT ( ) Kt K S ( ) Kt
X 0 ( t ) X ( t 0 ) fix , X * (T ) fix , X K 0 ?, K , (4.104)
0 0 0 ( t 0 ) ?, (4.105)
U 0 ( t ) U * ( t 0 ) fix , U * (T ) fix , U K 0 ?, K , (4.106)
X K 1 ( t ) X K ( t ) X K l , (4.107)
l
U K 1 ( t ) U K ( t ) U K l , (4.108)
l
- 139 -
Ï»ï»ñáõÙ »½ñ³ÛÇÝ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ, ³ÛÝå»ë ¿É ³Û¹ ѻﳷÍÇ íñ³ ³å³ÑáííáõÙ
L( x , u ) ( x a ) 2 ( u b ) 2 min ,
x ,u
x ( t ) u( t ), x( 0 ) x 0 fix ,
c1 ( x , u ) x 2 u 0 ,
c2 ( u ) u 4 0 ,
- 140 -
áñï»Õ ( a , b ) ½áõÛ·Á, ³ÏÝѳÛïáñ»Ý, áñáßáõÙ ¿ L( x , u ) Ýå³ï³Ï³ÛÇÝ
ýáõÝÏódzÛÇ Ñ³í³ë³ñ ٳϳñ¹³ÏÇ ·Í»ñÁ Ý»ñϳ۳óÝáÕ Ñ³Ù³Ï»ÝïñáÝ
ßñç³Ý³·Í»ñÇ Ï»ÝïñáÝÝ»ñÇ Ïááñ¹ÇݳïÝ»ñÁ:
ÈáõÍáõÙ: ÊݹñÇ ãáñë ï³ñµ»ñ³ÏÝ»ñÇ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÁª
ϳËí³Í ( a , b ) Ï»ÝïñáÝÇ Ïááñ¹ÇݳïÝ»ñÇ ÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝÇó ¨ ëϽµÝ³Ï³Ý
x 0 å³ÛÙ³ÝÇ ³ñÅ»ùÇó Ù»Ï ÷áñÓ³ñÏÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ Áëï Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ ÷áõÉÇ
Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í »Ý ³ÕÛ. 4.1-áõÙ ¨ å³ïÏ»ñí³Í »Ý ÝÏ. 4.1—ÝÏ. 4.4 – áõÙ, Áݹ
áñáõÙ, ³)-»ñáõÙ å³ïÏ»ñí³Í »Ý ëϽµÝ³Ï³Ý u0* , L*0 ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÇ
ųٳݳϳѳïí³Í ¿ ͳé³ÛáõÙ 0 , t x 0 , 2 3
0
1
ѳïí³ÍÁ, áñÇ
¹»åùáõÙ ý³½³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï³·ÍÇ ³ç ͳÛñ³Ï»ïÇ Ïááñ¹ÇݳïÝ»ñÇ ë³ÑٳݳÛÇÝ
³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÁ ѳëÝáõÙ »Ý ÙdzÛÝ u( 2 3 ) 0 ,5625 Ïááñ¹ÇݳïÝ»ñáí Ï»ïÇÝ:
ØÇÝã¹»é ³Ûë ËݹñÇ Ãí³ÛÇÝ ÉáõÍáõÙÁ ¾ÛÉ»ñÇ »Õ³Ý³Ïáí x 0 1 ,5 ëϽµÝ³Ï³Ý
Ï»ïÇ ¨ h 0 ,1 ù³ÛÉÇ ¹»åùáõ٠ѳëï³ïáõÙ ¿, áñ, Çëϳå»ë, ³ÝóÙ³Ý
- 141 -
ųٳݳϳÙÇçáóÝ ³Ýí»ñç ¿: âáññáñ¹ ï³ñµ»ñ³ÏÇ ¹»åùáõÙ ûåïÇÙ³É
ý³½³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï³·ÇÍÁ µ»ÏÛ³É ¿, áñÁ µ³Õϳó³Í ¿ »ñÏáõ ѳïí³ÍÝ»ñÇó: ²é³çÇÝ
ѳïí³ÍÁ ï»Õ³µ³ßËí³Í ¿ ÃáõÛɳïñ»ÉÇ ïÇñáõÛÃÇ ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙª
0 , t 1 0 ;0 ,077 ųٳݳϳѳïí³ÍÇ íñ³: ºñÏñáñ¹ ѳïí³ÍÁ §Ïå³Í ¿¦
c 1 ( x , u ) 0 ë³ÑÙ³ÝÇݪ t 1 ,T 0 ,077 ;0 ,124 ųٳݳϳѳïí³ÍÇ
ÁÝóóùáõÙ: t 1 0 ,077 å³ÑÇÝ ( 3 ,3 ) ³ÝÏÛáõݳÛÇÝ Ï»ïáõÙ ËݹñÇ
÷á÷á˳ϳÝÝ»ñÁ ã»Ý ˽íáõÙ, ù³ÝÇ áñ ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»Ý Ñ»ï¨Û³É å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁª
x *1 ( T1 0 ) x *1 ( T1 0 ) 1 ,7320 ; u*1 ( T1 0 ) u*1 ( T1 0 ) 3 ;
L* ( T 0 ) L* ( T 0 ) 5 ,1440 : ²Ûëï»Õ ãÇ Ë½íáõ٠ݳ¨ íÇ׳ÏÇ
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 4.1
î³ñµ»ñ³Ï
a b x0 u0 ku kμ u0* L0*
1 3 6 3 4
1 -1 30 30
2 6 -1 4 8
3 0 -2 -1,5 -2 2,25 20,3
10 10
4 4 3 1,5 -1 3 6,25
- 142 -
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 4.1 –Ç ß³ñáõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ
î³ñµ»ñ³Ï
2-ñ¹ ÷áõÉ
1 -1 2 20 20 3 0
1
3 2,5 -1,5 4
4
2 -3 -2 10 10 0 0
4 -1 1,5 3,559 1,886 4,779
3-ñ¹ ÷áõÉ
T
1 1 1 -1 3 3t-1 9 t 2 12 t 4 0,(6)
9 3 4( 3t 2 )2 45( 3t 2 ) 81
3 1 100 -1
( 3t 2 ) 2 3t 2 ( 3t 2 )4
t 0 ,T1
5 20 -1 t T1 ,T 0.124
4
25 t 4 57 ,47 t 3
3 3
1
3 ( t T1 )
2 2
1 3 ( t T1 ) 43 ,582 t 11 ,298t 4 1 ,205
( t 2 ,654 )
- 143 -
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 4.2 u0 =-1, ku =kμ=10
T u L
0.003000 0.065208 14.863000
0.006000 0.061799 11.923950
0.009000 0.010413 10.086670
0.039000 2.344600 6.679595
0.078000 2.699500 6.340273
0.156000 2.936900 6.253986
0.234000 2.986700 6.250176
0.312000 2.997200 6.250008
0.390000 2.999400 6.250000
0.468000 2.999900 6.250000
0
x 0
x
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
-1 -1
(-1.5,-1) (-1;-1) (2.5;-1.5) ³ (-1.5,-1) (-1;-1) (2.5;-1.5) ³
-2 -2
7 7
u u
L=4
6 6
5 5
c2=0 (1;4)
(-2,4) (-1,4)
4 4
(1;3) (2,4) (-2,4) (2,4)
c2=0 3 3
(-1;3)
2
L=8
2
c1=0 c1=0
1 1
L=4
0
x 0
x
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
-1 -1
µ µ
-2 -2
5 5 `2
u*(t) L*(t)
4 4
3 3
2 L*(t) 2
u*(t)
1 1
t t
0 0
0 1/3 2/3
-1 -1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
x*(t) · x*(t) ·
-2 -2
1 c1=0 2
c1=0 (-1;2) (2;1)
x 1
0
0
x
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
-1 (3;-2) -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
-1
(-3,-2) ³ (-1.5;-1) (1.5;-1) ³
(-1.5;-2)
-2 -2
5 4.2
u u c2=0
(-2,4) c2=0 (2,4) (2,4)
4 4
c1=0
3 3.8
(-1.5;2.25) L=20.31
3.6 (1.886;3.559)
2
L=4.779
3.4 L=6.25
1 c1=0
x 3.2
0
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 3
-1 L=4 (3,3) x
2.8
µ
-2 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2 µ
2.1
15 7
L*(t)
6
10 5
4
L*(t) u*(t)
5 3
u*(t) 2
t 1
0 x*(t) t
0
0 5 10 15 20
x*(t) · -1 0 0.04 0.08 0.12 ·
-5
L( X ( t ), X ( t )) dt
t0
min ,
X ( t ), X ( t )
(4.109)
t1
( X ( t ), X ( t )) dt d ,
t0
(4.110)
C ( X ( t ), X ( t )) 0 , (4.111)
- 147 -
áñï»Õ L( X ( t ), X ( t )) –Ý ëϳÉÛ³ñ ÇÝï»·ñ³É³ÛÇÝ áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÇ ÙÇçáõÏÝ
L( X ( t ), X ( t )) , ( X ( t ), X ( t )) ¨ C ( X ( t ), X ( t )) ûå»ñ³ïáñÝ»ñÝ áõÝ»Ý
³é³çÇÝ Ï³ñ·Ç ³Í³ÝóÛ³ÉÝ»ñ Áëï µáÉáñ ³ñ·áõÙ»ÝïÝ»ñÇ:
- 148 -
ѳݷ»óÝ»Ýù Ñ»ï¨Û³É ѳٳñÅ»ùÇÝ (ûåïÇÙ³É Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý Ù³ëݳÏÇ
ËݹñÇÝ)ª
x 0 min , (4.112)
X ( t ),U ( t )
q ã³÷³ÝÇ í»ÏïáñÁ ( q n ), S ( C ( X ( t ),U ( t )))T
( s 1 ( c 1 ( X ( t ),U ( t ))),..., s m ( c m ( X ( t ),U ( t )))T -ݪ 黹áõóí³Í ѳí³ë³ñáõ-
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ï»ëùáí áã áÕáñÏ ë³Ñٳݳ÷³ÏáÕ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ m ã³÷³ÝÇ
í»ÏïáñÁ ( m q ):
(4.112)- (4.116) ËݹñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Ýå³ï³Ïáí û·ïí»Ýù äáÝïñÛ³·ÇÝÇ
max -Ç ëϽµáõÝùÇó: ²Û¹ ¹»åùáõ٠гÙÇÉïáÝÇ ýáõÝÏódzݪ
H L( X ( t ), U ( t )) 0 ( t ) U T ( t ) ( t )
(4.117)
( X ( t ), U ( t )) ( t ) S ( C ( X ( t ), U ( t ))T ( t ) ,
áñï»Õ 0 ( t ) –Ý (4.113) ëϳÉÛ³ñ ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³ë³ñÙ³ÝÁ ѳٳå³-
T
ï³ëË³Ý ëϳÉÛ³ñ ѳٳÉáõÍ ÷á÷á˳ϳÝÝ ¿, ( t ) ( 1 ( t ),..., n ( t )) -ݪ
x 0 ( t ) H 0 L( )t , x 0 ( t 0 ) 0 , x 0 ( t 1 ) ?, (4.118)
X ( t ) H U ( t ), (4.119)
Y ( t ) H ( )t ,Y ( t 0 ) 0 , Y ( t 1 ) d , (4.120)
0 ( t ) H X 0 , 0 ( t 0 ) 0 ( t 1 ) const ?,
0
(4.121)
0 H U LU ( )t 0 ( t ) UT ( )t ( t ) S UT ( )t ( t ), (4.124)
0 H S ( )t , (4.125)
- 150 -
H x0 -Ý, H Y -Á, H -ݪ (4.117) ýáõÝÏódzÛÇ ·ñ³¹Ç»ÝïÝ»ñÁ Áëï 0 ,
( t ) , ( t ) , x 0 , Y ( t ) , ( t ) ÷á÷á˳ϳÝÝ»ñÇ ( 1 , n , q ,1 , q , m ã³÷³ÝÇ
Ù³ïñÇóÝ»ñ):
X ( t ) U ( t ), (4.127)
Y ( t ) ( )t ,Y ( t 0 ) 0 , Y ( t 1 ) d , (4.128)
0 ( t ) 0 , 0 ( t 0 ) 0 ( t 1 ) const ?, (4.129)
( t ) L X ( )t 0 ( t ) TX ( )t ( t ) S TX ( )t ( t ), (4.130)
( t ) 0 , ( t 0 ) ( t 1 ) const ?, (4.131)
( t ) K S ( )t , (4.133)
- 151 -
áñï»Õª K U diag ( k u1 ,..., k un ) -Á ¨ K diag ( k 1 ,..., k m ) –Á ѳٳ-
X K ( t ) U K U K ( t ), X K ( t 0 ) ?, K , (4.135)
0 ( t ) 0 , 0 ( t 0 ) 0 ( t 1 ) const ?, (4.137)
X K 1 ( t ) X K X *K , (4.142)
U K 1 ( t ) U K U *K : (4.143)
- 152 -
x 0 K l 1 1 hx0 K l LTX ( )Kt 0 0
X K l 1 0 E X 0 0
Y 0 hx0 K l TX ( )Kt EY 0
Kl 1
0 Kl 1 0 0 0 0
T
Kl 1 0 h K S X ( )Kt K S X ( )Kt 0 h K LTX ( )Kt
l l
Kl 1 0 0 0 0
T
U Kl 1 0 hU K l K U SU ( )Kt K S X ( )Kt 0 hU K K U LTU ( )Kt
l
0 0 hYK U ( )Kt
l
0 0 0
E h K TX ( )Kt h K T
S X ( )Kt K SU ( )Kt
l l
0 E 0
hU K K U hU K K U UT ( )Kt E U hU K T
K U SU ( )Kt K SU ( )Kt
l l l
(4.144)
x0 K l hX0 K L( )Kt x00 0 , x0 ( t 1 ) ?,
l (4.145)
X K l hX K U K X K ?,K , 0
Y
l
(4.146)
hYK ( )Kt Y00 Y ( t 0 ) 0 ,Y ( t 1 ) d ,
Kl l (4.147)
0 Kl 0 , 0 0 ( t0 ) ?
0
T (4.148)
Kl
h K S X ( )Kt K S( )Kt 0 ?
l 0
(4.149)
Kl 0 0 ( t 0 ) ?
0
T
(4.150)
U K 1 hU K l K U SU ( )Kt K SU ( )Kt U K ?,K , 0
X K 1 ( t ) X K ( t ) X K l , (4.151)
l
U K 1 ( t ) U K ( t ) U K l , (4.152)
l
- 153 -
³×»ñÇ, Áëï YK Éñ³óáõóÇã ÷á÷á˳ϳÝÝ»ñÇ, Áëï K ѳٳÉáõÍ
( X ( T ),T ) M T (4.156)
»½ñ³ÛÇÝ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ ¨
G 1 ( ) : C 1 ( U ( t ), t ) 0 (4.157)
ϳÙ
G 2 ( ) : C 2 ( X ( t ), U ( t ), t ) 0 (4.158)
ϳÙ
G3 ( ) : C 3 ( X ( t ), t ) 0 (4.159)
- 155 -
³ç M T µ³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ å³ïϳÝáÕ Ó³Ë³ÏáÕÙÛ³Ý ¨ ³ç³ÏáÕÙÛ³Ý
»½ñ³ÛÇÝ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ, G1() -Á, G2() -Á ¨ G3() -Áª ѳٳå³ï³ë˳ݳµ³ñ
C1()=(c11(),...,c1m())T, C2()=(c21(),...,c2m())T ¨ C3()=(c31(),...,c3m())T m
ã³÷³ÝÇ í»ÏïáñÝ»ñáí áñáßíáÕ ãϳåí³Í, ϳåí³Í ¨ ãϳåí³Í ÃáõÛɳïñ»ÉÇ
ïÇñáõÛÃÝ»ñÁ, Áݹ áñáõÙ t0-Ý Ù³ïݳÝßáõÙ ¿ ³ÝóáõÙ³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍÁÝóóÇ ëÏǽµÁ,
ÇëÏ T -ݪ í»ñçÁ:
Êݹñá ³é³ñϳ µÝ³·³í³éÇ µ³½Ù³ÃÇí ³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñÇ,
Ù³ëݳíáñ³å»ë [24, 79], í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ óáõÛó ¿ ï³ÉÇë, áñ ½³Ý³½³Ý
Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÇ ·»ñ³ÏßÇé ٻͳٳëÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ɳÛÝáñ»Ý »Ý û·ï³·áñÍíáõÙ
äáÝïñÛ³·ÇÝÇ Ù³ùëÇÙáõÙÇ ëϽµáõÝùÇ íñ³ ÑÇÙÝí³Í ³é³ÝÓÇÝ ýáñÙ³ÉǽÙÝ»ñ,
áñáÝù ûÅïí³Í »Ý ѽáñ Ù»Ãá¹áÉá·Ç³Ï³Ý µ³½³Ûáí, ÇÝãÁ å³ÛٳݳíáñáõÙ ¿
Çñ³ñÇó Áëï ¿áõÃÛ³Ý µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ ï³ñµ»ñ ûåïÇÙ³É Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý
½³Ý³½³Ý ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ÙdzëÝ³Ï³Ý Ùáï»óáõÙÁ:
Ü»ñϳ۳óí³Í »ñ»ù ¹³ë»ñÇ ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ ((4.153)-(4.157); (4.153)-(4.156),
(4.158) ¨ (4.153)-(4.156), (4.159)) ѳٳñ Ýß»Ýù Ýñ³Ýó ѳٳñ ëï³óíáÕ
ûåïÇÙ³É Ñ»ï³·Í»ñÇ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý µÝáõó·ñ»ñÁ:
³) (4.153)- (4.157) ËݹñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ï»ÕÇ áõÝÇ ¹³ë³Ï³Ý Ù³ùëÇÙáõÙÇ
ëϽµáõÝùÁ: ²Û¹ ¹»åùáõÙ íÇ׳ÏÇ ÷á÷á˳ϳÝÝ»ñÇ ûåïÇÙ³É Ñ»ï³·Í»ñÁ
µ³Õϳó³Í »Ý ³é³ÝÓÇÝ Ñ³ïí³ÍÝ»ñÇó, áñáÝù å³ïϳÝáõÙ »Ý ÑÇÙݳϳÝ
÷á÷á˳ϳÝÝ»ñÇ ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç
ÇÝï»·ñ³É³ÛÇÝ Ïáñ»ñÇ ï³ñµ»ñ ÁÝï³ÝÇùÝ»ñÇ: ²Û¹ ѳïí³ÍÝ»ñÇ ÙÇ Ù³ëÁ
ϳñáÕ ¿ ÁÝÏÝ»É ÃáõÛɳïñ»ÉÇ ïÇñáõÛÃÇ ë³ÑÙ³ÝÇ íñ³, ÇëÏ ÙÛáõë Ù³ëÁª
ïÇñáõÛÃÇ Ý»ñëáõÙ: ÎóÙ³Ý Ï»ï»ñáõÙ ûåïÇÙ³É Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý ýáõÝÏódzÝ
ϳñáÕ ¿ ÉÇÝ»É ÇÝãå»ë ˽íáÕ, ³ÛÝå»ë ¿Éª ã˽íáÕ: ʽíáÕ Ï³é³í³ñáÕ
³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ §³ÝÏÛáõݳÛÇݦ Ï»ï»ñáõÙ ý³½³ÛÇÝ ÷á÷á˳ϳÝ-
Ý»ñÇ ÙÇ Ù³ëÁ ϳñáÕ ¿ áõÝ»Ý³É Áëï ųٳݳÏÇ ³é³çÇÝ Ï³ñ·Ç ˽íáÕ
- 156 -
ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ ³é³ÝÓÇÝ ÏïáñÝ»ñÇ ÏóÙ³Ý Ï»ï»ñÁ, ù³Ý û G1() ÃáõÛɳïñ»ÉÇ
ïÇñáõÛÃÇ Ý»ñëáõÙ ÁÝÏ³Í Ï»ï»ñÁ: ÎóÙ³Ý Ï»ï»ñáõÙ ³ÝÁݹѳï ϳé³í³ñáÕ
³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¹»åù»ñáõ٠ѳٳÉáõÍ ÷á÷á˳ϳÝÝ»ñÁ, ѳÙÇÉïáÝÛ³ÝÁ ¨
Ýñ³ Áëï ϳé³í³ñáÕ ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ é»·áõÉÛ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³é³çÇÝ Ï³ñ·Ç
å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÝ ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï »Ý Áëï ųٳݳÏÇ:
µ) (4.153)-(4.156), (4.158) ËݹñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ï»ÕÇ áõÝÇ Ù³ùëÇÙáõÙÇ
§ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ï¦ ëϽµáõÝùÁ: ²Û¹ ¹»åùáõÙ, ûåïÇÙ³É ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï³·Í»ñÁ,
ÇÝãå»ë ݳËáñ¹áõÙ, ϳñáÕ »Ý µ³Õϳó³Í ÉÇÝ»É ³ÛÝåÇëÇ Ñ³ïí³ÍÝ»ñÇó,
áñáÝó ÙÇ Ù³ëÁ ϳñáÕ ¿ ÁÝÏ³Í ÉÇÝ»É ÃáõÛɳïñ»ÉÇ G2() ïÇñáõÛÃÇ ë³ÑÙ³ÝÇ
íñ³, ÇëÏ ÙÛáõë Ù³ëÁª Ýñ³ Ý»ñëáõÙ: ²Û¹ ÏïáñÝ»ñÁ å»ïù ¿ Ïóí»Ý ³ÛÝå»ë,
áñå»ë½Ç ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»Ý³Ý Ù³ùëÇÙáõÙÇ ëϽµáõÝùÇ µáÉáñ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï
å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ: ´³óÇ ³Û¹, ûåïÇÙ³É Ñ»ï³·Í»ñÇ Çñ³ñ ÏóíáÕ ³Û¹åÇëÇ
ó³Ýϳó³Í ½áõÛ· ÙÇ³Å³Ù³Ý³Ï å»ïù ¿ µ³í³ñ³ñÇ ÉÍáñ¹Ù³Ý (ÃéÇãùÇ)
å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇÝ: Îóáñ¹Ù³Ý Ï»ï»ñÁ ϳñáÕ »Ý §³ÝÏÛáõݳÛÇݦ ÉÇÝ»É, áñáÝóáõÙ
ϳñáÕ ¿ ˳Ëïí»É ûåïÇÙ³É Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý ýáõÝÏódzÛÇ ³ÝÁݹѳïáõÃÛáõÝÁ:
·) (4.153)-(4.156), (4.159) ËݹñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ëáíáñ³µ³ñ û·ïíáõÙ
»Ý, ³Ûëå»ë Ïáãí³Í, 黹áõóí³Í ý³½³ÛÇÝ ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»Ãá¹Çó, áñÇ ¹»å-
ùáõÙ ëϽµáõÙ ÃáõÛɳïñ»ÉÇ G3() ïÇñáõÛÃÁ ѳݷ»óÝáõÙ »Ý ϳåí³Í G2()
ï»ëùÇ ÃáõÛɳïñ»ÉÇ ïÇñáõÛÃǪ
( q1 )
G 3 ( ) : C 3( q ) ( X ( t ),U ( t ), t ) ( c 31 ( X ( t ), U ( t ), t ),..., c 3( qmm ) ( X ( t ), U ( t ), t ))T 0 , (4.160)
ñ³ñ qj -ñ¹ (qjn) ϳñ·Ç) ÉñÇí ³Í³ÝóÛ³ÉÝ ¿, áñáõÙ, ³Í³ÝóÙ³Ý, ÇëÏ ³ÛÝáõ-
Ñ»ï¨ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ÷á÷á˳ϳÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï,
³é³çÇÝ ³Ý·³Ù ѳÛïÝíáõÙ ¿ ϳé³í³ñÙ³Ý U(t) í»ÏïáñÇ µ³Õ³¹ñÇãÝ»ñÇó
- 157 -
Ù»ÏÁ: ²Û¹ ¹»åùáõÙ ûåïÇÙ³É ý³½³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï³·Í»ñÁ, ÇÝãå»ë G 3 ( ) ïÇñáõÛÃÇ
- 158 -
л勉µ³ñ ¾ÛÉ»ñ-ȳ·ñ³ÝÅÇ Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Á ÏÝ»ñϳ۳óíÇ
Ñ»ï¨Û³É Ï»ñå`
x n 1 ( t ) H n 1 1, x n1 ( t 0 ) t 0 , x n 1 ( t 1 ) t 1 , (4.164)
0 ( t ) H x 0, 0 ( t 0 ) 0 ( t 1 ) const ?,
0
(4.165)
n1 (t ) H x n 1
Lxn1 () 0 (t ) f xTn1 () (t ) S Txn1 () (t ), (4.167)
0 H S () : (4.169)
x 0 ( t ) L(), x 0 ( t 0 ) 0, x 0 ( t 1 ) ?, (4.170)
X ( t ) f (), (4.171)
0 ( t ) 0, 0 ( t 0 ) 0 ( t 1 ) const ?, (4.173)
( t ) K S (),
(4.177)
- 159 -
áñï»Õª K U diag ( k u1 ,..., k ur ) -Á ¨ K diag ( k 1 ,..., k m ) –Á ѳٳ-
å³ï³ë˳ݳµ³ñ r ¨ m ϳñ·³ÝÇ µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ Ù»Í ï³ññ»ñáí ³ÝÏÛáõ-
ݳ·Í³ÛÇÝ Ù³ïñÇóÝ»ñ »Ý, áñáÝù ųٳݳÏÇ ó³Ýϳó³Í t t0 , t 1 å³ÑÇÝ
X K ( t ) f ( )K f XT ( )K X K ( t ) f UT ( )K U K ( t )
f xTn 1 ( )K x n 1 ( t ), X K ( t 0 ) ?, K ,
(4.179)
x n 1 ( t ) 1 , x n 1 ( t 0 ) t 0 , x n 1 ( t 1 ) t 1 , x n 1 K ( t 0 ) ?, K ,
(4.180)
0 ( t ) 0 , 0 ( t 0 ) 0 ( t 1 ) const ?, (4.181)
K ( t ) L X ( )K 0 ( t ) f XT ( )K K ( t ) S TX ( )K K ( t ), (4.182)
n1 ( t ) Lx ( )K 0 ( t ) f xT ( )K K ( t ) S Tx ( )K K ( t ),
n 1 n 1 n 1 (4.183)
U K ( t ) K U ( LU ( )K 0 ( t ) f UT ( )K K ( t )
S UT ( )K K ( t )), U K ( t 0 ) ?, K , (4.184)
K ( t ) K ( S ( )K S X ( )K X K ( t ) S U ( )K U K ( t )
S xn 1 ( )K x n 1 ( t )),
K (4.185)
X K 1 ( t ) X K X *K ( t ) , (4.186)
x n 1 ( t ) x n 1 x *n 1 (t )
K 1 K K 1 , (4.187)
U K 1 ( t ) U K U *K ( t ) : (4.188)
- 160 -
ºí, í»ñç³å»ë, ²ìîÐ-Á Ñ»ï¨Û³ÉÝ ¿ª
0 0 0 hx0 K LTU ( )K
l
T
0 0 0 hX K f ( )K
U
l
0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0
h K LTX ( )K E h K f XT ( )K 0 h K STX ( )K K SU ( )K
l l l
h n 1 l LTxn 1 ( )K h n 1 l f xTn 1 ( )K 1 hxn 1 K l STxn 1 ( )K K SU ( )K
K K
T T
hU K KU LU ( )K hU K KU f ( )K 0 EU hU K KU SU ( )K K SU ( )K
l l
u l
x0 Kl h x0 K L( )Kt x 00 0 , x 0 ( t 1 ) ?, (4.189)
l
X K l h X K l f ( ) K X K 0 ?, K , (4.190)
x 0 x n 1 t 0 , x n 1 ( t 1 ) t 1 ,(4.191)
n 1 K l 00
0Kl 0 , 0 0 ( t 0 ) 1
0
(4.192)
T
h K S X ( )K K S ( )K
Kl l (4.193)
n 1 K l h n 1 K S Txn 1 ( )K K S ( )K n 1 ? (4.194)
l 00
hU K U S UT ( )K K S ( )K U K ?, K ,
U K 1 Kl 0
(4.195)
X K 1 ( t ) X K ( t ) X K l , (4.196)
l
x n 1 ( t ) x n 1 ( t ) x n 1 K , (4.197)
K 1 K l
l
U K 1 ( t ) U K ( t ) U K l , (4.198)
l
- 161 -
áñï»Õ hx0 K 0 -Ý, hX K 0 -Ý, hxn 1 K 0 -Ý, h K 0 -Ý, h n 1 0 -Ý,
l l l l Kl
x 1 ( t ) x 2 ( t ), x 1 ( 0 ) 0 , x 1 ( 1 ) 0 ,
x 2 ( t ) u( t ), x 2 ( 0 ) 1 , x 1 ( 1 ) 1 ,
x 1 ( t ) l , ³) l 0 ,25 ; µ) l 0 ,2 ; ·)l 1 :
12
- 162 -
ÈáõÍáõÙ: ²ÝÙÇç³Ï³Ýáñ»Ý û·ï³·áñÍ»Éáí ý³½³ÛÇÝ ë³Ñٳݳ÷³ÏáõÙÁª
x 0 ( t ) 0 ,5 u 2 ( t ), x 0 ( 0 ) 0 , x 0 ( 1 ) ?,
x 1 ( t ) x 2 ( t ), x 1 ( 0 ) 0 , x 1 ( 1 ) 0 ,
x 2 ( t ) u( t ), x 2 ( 0 ) 1 , x 2 ( 1 ) 1 ,
1 ( t ) K S x ( x 1 ( t ) l ) sign( x 1 ( t ) l ) 1, 1 ( 0 ) ?,
1
2 ( t ) 1 ( t ), 2 ( 0 ) ?,
U ( t ) K U ( u( t ) 2 ( t )), u( 0 ) ?,
áñï»Õª
2 , »Ã» x 1 ( t ) l 0 ,
S x 1 1 , »Ã» x 1 ( t ) l 0 ,
0 , »Ã» x ( t ) l 0 :
1
³ÕÛ. 4.5-áõÙ, ³ÕÛ. 4.6-áõÙ ¨ ³ÕÛ. 4.7-áõÙ, ÇÝãå»ë ݳ¨ å³ïÏ»ñí³Í »Ý ÝÏ. 4.5-
- 163 -
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 4.5 l=0.25; ku=103; kμ=102; H=510-4
T x0 x1 x2 ψ1 ψ2 u
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 0.0000 2.0000 -2.0000
0.1000 0.2100 0.0940 0.7900 0.0000 2.0000 -2.0000
0.2000 0.4100 0.1600 0.5900 0.0000 2.0000 -2.0000
0.3000 0.6100 0.2120 0.3900 0.0000 2.0000 -2.0000
0.4000 0.8100 0.2410 0.1900 0.0000 2.0000 -2.0000
0.5000 1.0100 0.2500 -0.0000 -0.0000 2.0000 -2.0000
0.6000 1.2099 0.2390 -0.2100 -0.0000 2.0000 -2.0000
0.7000 1.4099 0.2080 -0.4100 -0.0000 2.0000 -2.0000
0.8000 1.6099 0.1570 -0.6100 -0.0000 2.0000 -2.0000
0.9000 1.8099 0.0860 -0.8099 -0.0000 2.0000 -2.0000
1.0000 2.0000 0.0000 -1.0000 -0.0000 2.0000 -2.0000
- 164 -
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 4.7 l=1/12; ku =1.51010; kμ=4.4104; H=4.510-5
T x0 x1 x2 ψ1 ψ2 u
0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 1.0000 32.0000 8.0000 -8.0000
0.1124 2.2595 0.0694 0.3023 32.0000 5.3998 -4.4006
0.2249 2.6653 0.0832 0.0097 32.0000 1.7997 -0.8004
0.2474 2.6680 0.0833 -0.0003 -31.9932 0.2079 -0.2071
0.3374 2.6681 0.0833 -0.0003 -31.9932 -13.1261 0.0000
0.4499 2.6681 0.0833 -0.0003 -31.9932 -9.5283 0.0000
0.5624 2.6681 0.0833 -0.0003 -31.9932 -5.9313 0.0000
0.6749 2.6681 0.0833 -0.0003 -31.9932 -2.3345 0.0000
0.7424 2.6681 0.0833 -0.0003 -31.9932 -0.1763 0.0000
0.7874 2.6780 0.0829 -0.0252 -31.9932 1.2632 -1.2624
1.0000 5.3000 0.0005 -1.0007 -31.9932 8.0021 -8.0020
3
ψ2(t)
2
x2(t)
1 x1(t)
0
0 ψ1(t) 0.5 1 t
-1
uopt(t)
-2
-3
ÜÏ. 4.5
5
4
3
ψ2(t)
2
x2(t)
1 x1(t)
0
-1 0 0.5 1 t
-2 uopt(t)
-3
-4 ψ1(t)
-5
ÜÏ. 4.6
- 165 -
16
ψ1(t) uopt(t)
32
12
8 ψ2(t) ψ2(t)
4
1 x1(t)
0
-4 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 x2(t) 1 t
uopt(t) uopt(t)
-8
-12
-32
-16
ψ1(t)
ÜÏ. 4.7
( 2 ( 0 ,5 0 ) 4 ,8 ; 2 ( 0 ,5 0 ) 4 ,8 ; u ( 0 ,5 0 ) 4 ,8 ; u ( 0 ,5 0 ) 4 ,8 ):
- 166 -
˽íáõÙ »Ý t 0 ,25 Ï»ïáõÙ ( 1 ( 0 ,25 0 ) 32 , 1 ( 0 ,25 0 ) 32 ;
u ( 0 ,75 0 ) 32 ):
ºñ»ù ï³ñµ»ñ³ÏÝ»ñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ ¿É, ³ÏÝѳÛïáñ»Ý, ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»Ý max -Ç
ëϽµáõÝùÇó µËáÕ ûåïÇÙ³ÉáõÃÛ³Ý µáÉáñ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ: ÈáõÍÙ³Ý
³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÝ ³ÙµáÕçáíÇÝ Ñ³ÙÁÝÏÝáõÙ »Ý 黹áõóí³Í ý³½³ÛÇÝ ï³ñ³Íáõ-
ÃÛ³Ý Ù»Ãá¹Ç û·ï³·áñÍٳٵ ¨ µ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ µ³ñ¹ í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛ³Ý
ѻ勉Ýùáí [24] –áõÙ ëï³óí³Í ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï:
ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ ¹ÇݳÙÇÏ³Ï³Ý ûåïÇٳɳóÙ³Ý ËݹÇñÁ [30, 67, 75, 114, 117, 118,
119, 124, 125]: ì»ñçÇÝë Ó¨³Ï»ñåíáõÙ ¿ Ñ»ï¨Û³É Ï»ñå. áñáß»É Ï³é³í³ñáÕ
j 1, l ,
ýáõÝÏóÇáݳÉÝ»ñÇ Ýí³½³·áõÛÝ ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÁ
X ( t ) f ( X ( t ),U ( t ), t ) (4.200)
¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç ß³ñÅÙ³Ý Ñ»ï³·Í»ñÇ íñ³ª
G ux ( X ( t ),U ( t )) : c ( X ( t ),U ( t ), t ) 0 , 1 , m n 1 , (4.201)
M t0 ( X ( t 0 ), t 0 ) : Ft 0 ( X ( t 0 ), t 0 ) 0 , 1 , q n 1 , (4.202)
M ( X ( T ),T ) : F
T T ( X ( T ),T ) 0 , 1 , p n 1 (4.203)
f jo ( X ( t ), U ( t ), t ), F j ( X ( t 0 ), t 0 ) ¨ F j ( X ( T ), T ), j 1 , l , ýáõÝÏódz-
Ý»ñÇ Ù³ëݳÏÇ ³Í³ÝóÛ³ÉÝ»ñÝ Áëï ѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý ³ñ·áõÙ»ÝïÝ»ñÇ
·áÛáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»Ý:
л層Éáí (1.24) ³éÝãáõÃÛ³ÝÁª G ux ïÇñáõÛÃÁ 黹áõó»Ýù Ýñ³Ý ѳ-
Ù³ñÅ»ù
( X ( t ),U ( t )) : s ( X ( t ),U ( t ), t ) 0 , 1 , m n 1 , (4.204)
ïÇñáõÛÃÇÝ, áñï»Õ
1, m n 1 ,
- 168 -
³ÛÉ Ï»ñå ³ë³Íª (4.199)-(4.203) áÕáñÏ ÎáõÝÇ-³ϻñÇ ïÇåÇ ËݹÇñÁ ѳÝ-
·»óÝ»Ýù (4.199), (4.200), (4.202) -(2.205) áã áÕáñÏ È³·ñ³ÝÅÇ ïÇåÇ ËݹñÇ:
³) Ü»ñϳ۳óÝ»Ýù ²²ê¶¸ìØ-Á:
x 0j ( t ) f j0 ( X ( t ),U ( t ), t ), x 0j ( t 0 ) 0 , x 0j ( T ) ?, j 1 , l (4.207)
I j ( U ) F j ( X ( T ), T ) F j ( X ( t 0 ), t 0 ) x 0j ( T ), j 1 , l (4.208)
- 169 -
x 0j ( t ) f j0 ( X j ( t ), U j ( t ), t ), x 0j ( t 0 ) 0, x 0j (T ) ?, (4.210)
X j ( t ) f j ( X j ( t ), U j ( t ), t ), (4.211)
x
j , n 1 ( t ) 1, x j , n 1 ( t 0 ) t 0 , x j ,n 1 (T ) T ?, (4.212)
0
j ( t ) 0 , j ( t0 ) j ( T ) const ?,
0 0 (4.215)
T T T
f j0 ( ) f j ( ) S( )
j ( t ) j ( t )
0
j ( t ) j ( t ), (4.216)
X j ( t )
X j ( t )
X j ( t )
T T
f j0 ( ) 0 f j0 ( ) S ( )
j ,n1 ( t ) j ( t )
j ( t )
xn1 ( t ) x ( t ) j ( t ), (4.217)
x n 1 ( t ) n1
F ( ) T Ft0 ( )
( t ) j 0
j ( t0 ) jt0 ,
j 0
X j ( t ) X j ( t ) (4.218)
t t
0
( n å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñ Ó³Ë »½ñáõÙ),
F ( ) T Ft 0 ( )
T
H j j 0
j ( t0 ) jt0
t t0 xn 1 ( t ) xn 1 ( t ) (4.219)
t t
0
( 1 å³ÛÙ³Ý Ó³Ë »½ñáõÙ),
- 170 -
F ( ) T FT ( )
( T ) j 0
j ( t 0 ) jT , (4.220)
j
X j ( t )
X j ( t )
t T
( n å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñ ³ç »½ñáõÙ),
F j ( ) T FT ( )
T
H j 0
( t )
t T x n 1 ( t ) j 0 x ( t ) jT
(4.221)
n 1 t T
( 1 å³ÛÙ³Ý ³ç »½ñáõÙ )
H j
0 , j 1, l (4.222)
U j ( t )
H j f 0 ( )
U ( t ) K K j 0 ( t )
j uj uj j
U j ( t ) U j ( t )
T T
f j ( ) S ( )
j
( t ) ( t ) , U j ( t 0 ) ?, U j ( T ) ?, (4.223)
j j
U j ( t ) U j ( t )
j ( t ) K S ( ) : (4.224)
j
- 171 -
0
(4.209)-(4.224) ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáõÙª j ( t ) -Ý (4.210)-áõÙ ³éϳ x 0 ( t )
f j0 ( )
ã³÷»ñáí ÁݹѳÝñ³óí³Í Û³ÏáµÛ³ÝÁ, -ݪ ëϳÉÛ³ñ Ù³ëݳÏÇ
x j ,n 1 ( t )
T
f ( )
j
³Í³ÝóÛ³ÉÁ, -ݪ Ù³ëݳÏÇ ³Í³ÝóÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇó µ³Õϳó³Í n
x j ,n 1 ( t )
T
S ( )
ã³÷³ÝÇ í»Ïïáñ-ïáÕÁ, -ݪ ÁݹѳÝñ³óí³Í Ù³ëݳÏÇ
x j ,n 1 ( t )
T
F j ( )
³Í³ÝóÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇó µ³Õϳó³Í m ã³÷³ÝÇ í»Ïïáñ-ïáÕÁ, -ݪ
X j ( t )
- 172 -
Ù³ëݳÏÇ ³Í³ÝóÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇó µ³Õϳó³Í n ã³÷³ÝÇ í»Ïïáñ-ëÛáõÝÁ,
T T
Ft0 ( ) F j ( )
-ݪ nq ã³÷»ñáí Û³ÏáµÛ³ÝÁ, -ݪ ëϳÉÛ³ñ
x
X j ( t ) j ,n 1 ( t )
T
Ft0 ( )
Ù³ëݳÏÇ ³Í³ÝóÛ³ÉÁ, -ݪ Ù³ëݳÏÇ ³Í³ÝóÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇó
x j ,n 1 ( t )
T
F j ( )
µ³Õϳó³Í q ã³÷³ÝÇ í»Ïïáñ-ïáÕÁ, -ݪ Ù³ëݳÏÇ
X j ( t )
T
FT ( )
³Í³ÝóÛ³ÉÝ»Çó µ³Õϳó³Í n ã³÷³ÝÇ í»Ïïáñ-ëÛáõÝÁ, -ݪ np
X j ( t )
T
F j ( )
ã³÷»ñáí Û³ÏáµÛ³ÝÁ, -ݪ ëϳÉÛ³ñ Ù³ëݳÏÇ ³Í³ÝóÛ³ÉÁ,
x j ,n 1 ( t )
T
FT ( )
-ݪ Ù³ëݳÏÇ ³Í³ÝóÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇó µ³Õϳó³Í p ã³÷³ÝÇ í»Ïïáñ-
x j ,n 1 ( t )
ïáÕÁ, jt0 -Ý ¨ jT -Ý Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ë˳ݳµ³ñ q ã³÷³ÝÇ ¨ p ã³÷³ÝÇ áã
T
f j0 ( )
ϳñ·³ÝÇ ³ÝÏÛáõݳ·Í³ÛÇÝ Ù³ïñÇó ¿, -ݪ Ù³ëݳÏÇ
U j ( t )
- 173 -
T
f j ( )
³Í³ÝóÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇó µ³Õϳó³Í r ã³÷³ÝÇ í»Ïïáñ-ëÛáõÝÁ, -ݪ rn
U j ( t )
T
S ( )
ã³÷»ñáí Û³ÏáµÛ³ÝÁ, -ݪ rm ã³÷»ñáí ÁݹѳÝñ³óí³Í
U j ( t )
T T
f j0 ( ) f j0 ( )
x j ( t )k f j ( )k
0 0 X ( t )
j k
U ( t )
j k
X j ( t ) U j ( t )
k k
f j0 ( )
x j ,n1 ( t )k , (4.226)
x j ,n1 ( t )
k
f j ( ) f j ( )
X j ( t )k f j ( )k X j ( t )k U j ( t )k
X j ( t ) k U j ( t ) k
f j ( )
x
j ,n1 ( t )k , (4.227)
x j ,n1 ( t )
k
x j ,n1 ( t )k 1, x j ,n1 ( t 0 ) t 0 , x j ,n1 ( T ) T , x j ,n1 ( t 0 ) ?,k , (4.228)
Ft α ( ) Ft0α ( )
Ft0α ( )t0 0 ΔX j (t)t0 Δx j ,n 1 ( t )t 0 , (4.229)
0
X j (t) t0 x
j ,n1 t0 (t)
FT ( ) FT ( )
Δx j ,n1 ( t )T 0 , (4.230)
FTω( )T X (t) ΔX j (t)T x (t)
j
T j ,n 1 T
- 175 -
- ѳٳÉáõÍ ÷á÷á˳ϳÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Áª
F ( ) T Ft0 ( )
T
( t ) j
0
j ( t0 )
j 0 jt0 (4.234)
X j ( t ) X j ( t )
t t
0
( n å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñ Ó³Ë »½ñáõÙ),
F ( ) T Ft0 ( )
T
H j j
j ( t 0 )
0 jt (4.235)
t t0 x j ,n 1 ( t ) x
j ,n 1 ( t )
0
t t
0
( 1 å³ÛÙ³Ý Ó³Ë »½ñáõÙ ),
F ( ) T FT ( )
( T ) j 0
( t )
jT
(4.236)
j
X j ( t ) j 0
X j ( t )
t T
( n å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñ ³ç »½ñáõÙ),
T
F ( ) FT ( )
H j j
j ( t 0 ) jT ;
t T (4.237)
x j ,n 1 ( t ) x j ,n 1 ( t )
t T
( 1 å³ÛÙ³Ý ³ç »½ñáõÙ);
- 176 -
- H j , j 1 , l ѳÙÇÉïáÝÛ³ÝÝ»ñÇ (4.222) é»·áõÉÛ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý å³ÛÙ³Ý-
óáõÙÝ»ñÁª
T
0 T f ( ) T
f j ( ) j S( )
U j ( t )k K uj 0
j ( t )k ( t )k j ( t )k ,
j
U j ( t ) k U j ( t ) U j ( t ) k
k
(4.238)
U j ( t 0 ) ?,U j ( T ) ?,
Áݹ áñáõÙª
S ( )
j ( t )k K S( )k j X j ( t )k
X j ( t )k
j
(4.239)
T
S( ) S( )
Uj ( t )k xj ,n1( t )k ,
Uj ( t )k xj ,n1( t ) k
X j ( t )k 1 X jk X *j ( t )k , (4.240)
*
x j ,n1 ( t )k 1 x j ,n1,k x j ,n1 ( t )k , (4.241)
U (t ) * (4.242)
j k 1 U jk U j ( t )k ,
Ïááñ¹ÇݳïÝ»ñÝ »Ý:
- 177 -
ÏñÏÝ»É, µÝ³Ï³Ý³µ³ñ, ѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ùí³½Ç·Í³ÛÇÝ
Ý»ñϳ۳óáõÙÝ»ñÇ ×ßïáõÃÛ³Ùµ:
I 2 ( u ) x 2 ( T ) max :
u( t ) 1
0 , »Ã» - x 1 ( t ) 3 ,
0 ,2 , »Ã» x 1 ( t ) 3 ,
2 , »Ã» - 3 x 1 ( t ) 0 ,
s( x 1 ( t ))x ( t ) 2 ,2 , »Ã» x 1 ( t ) 0 ,
1 2 , »Ã» 0 x 1 ( t ) 3 ,
2 ,0 , »Ã» x 1 ( t ) 3 ,
0 , »Ã» 3 x ( t ) :
1
- 179 -
- ѳٳÉáõÍ ÷á÷á˳ϳÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Áª
( t ) 0 , ( 0 ) ( T ) const ? ( ( t ) 1 ),
0 0 0 0
- 180 -
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 4.8
x*2(T)
÷. u(0) 1(0) 2(0) kU k h x*1(T) u*(T) I*1(u)T
I2(u)
1 10 10 10-2 1 0.0001 -1.4347 -1.0041 1.3997
-1
10-4
2 10 -1.4062 1.4158
1 1 2
-0.9964
3 10 0.0003 -1.4065 1.4160
-1 10-2
4 5 5 -1.4188 -0.9819 1.4095
-3
5 10 10 10 1 0.0005 -1.4159 -1.0002 1.4135
2 -3
6 -1 -1 10 10
10-2
7 1
1 -1
î³ñ³ÙÇïáÕ Ñ³ßíáճϳÝ
8 1 1 10 102
ÁÝóó³Ï³ñ·»ñ
9 5 10 10
10 -1 1 5 102 50 10-4
- 181 -
x*1(t), x*2(t), u*(t)
1 x*1(t)
(1.4160;0.0003)
0
0.5 1 t
x* 2(t)
(1.4160;-0.9964)
-1
u*(t) (1.4160;-1.4065)
-1.4065
ÜÏ. 4.8
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 4.10
ö u(0) 1(0) 2(0) ku k h
1 10-3 4.5
10-4
2 1 10-4 50
3 1 10-3 4 10-3
4 10 50
5 -1 10 1 40
6 5 5 50
7 102 102 10-4 10-4
42
8 -1 1
9 1 -1 50
10 5 1
x*1(T) x*2(T)
t÷áË. x*1(t÷áË) x*2(t÷áË.) T u*(T)
I1(u) I*2(u)
2.0005 -1.0035 -1.9899 6.4500 0.0001 2.4503
1.9880 -1.0015 -1.9781 6.4520 0.0004 2.4302
1.9880 -1.0001 -2.0011 6.4480 2.4512
2.0020 -1.0242 -2.0012 6.4502 0.0002 2.4482 1
2.0020 -1.0002 -2.0024 6.4501 2.4502
1.9895 -1.0020 -1.9988 6.4400 0.0004 2.4520
2.0020 -1.0040 -2.0012 6.4520 0.0102 2.4422
u(t) –Ç Ýß³ÝÇ ÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝ ãÇ ¹ÇïíáõÙ ( u(t)= -1, t)
- 183 -
Àëï 7 ³ñ¹Ûáõݳñ³ñ ÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÇ ³ÝѳÛï Ù»ÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ
~ ~
ÙÇçÇÝ ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÁ Ñ»ï¨Û³ÉÝ»ñÝ »Ý. t * õÇáË. 1.9973 ; ~
x *1 t * õÇáË. 1.0051;
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
~ ~
x *2 t * õÇáË. 1.9975 ; T I 1 ( u x *1 ( T ) 0.0017; ~
) 6.4463; ~ x *2 ( T ) I 2* ( u ) 2.4463 :
~ * ( t ) 1, t 0 ;1.9973 ; u~ * ( t ) 1 , t 1.9973 ;6.4489 :
²Û¹ ¹»åùáõÙ. u
*
´³ó³ñÓ³Ï ¨ ѳñ³µ»ñ³Ï³Ý ë˳ɳÝùÝ»ñÁ ×ß·ñÇï ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ( t õÇáË 2,
x*1 tõÇáË
*
1, x*2 t õÇáË 2; T I1( u ) 4 6 , x*1 (T ) 0, x*2 (T ) I2opt( u) 6 ;
uopt ( t ) 1, t 0 ;2 ; uopt ( t ) 1 , t 2 ;4 6 [86]) Ýϳïٳٵ ѳí³-
- 184 -
(6.4480;2.4512)
x*1(t), x*2(t), u*(t)
2
u*(t) (6.4480;1)
1
(6.4480;0.0002)
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 t
-1
u*(t)
-2 x*2(t) x*1(t)
-3
ÜÏ. 4.9
ºÝóËݹÇñ 3 (´áÉóÇ ³·ñ»·³óí³Í ËݹÇñÁ). 1- ÇÝ ¨ 2-ñ¹ »ÝóËݹÇñ-
~
Ý»ñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ ëï³óí³Í áñ³ÏÇ ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ I 1* ( u ) 1.4109 ,
~*
I 2 ( u ) 2.4489 ÙÇçÇÝ ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ßí³éٳٵ áõÝ»Ýù Ñ»ï¨Û³É
- 185 -
²²ê¶¸ìØ-Ý áõÝÇ ³ÛëåÇëÇ ï»ëùª
x 0 ( t ) 1 , x 0 ( 0 ) 0 , x 0 ( T ) T ?,
x 1 ( t ) x 2 ( t ), x 1 ( 0 ) 1 , x 1 ( T ) 0 ,
x 2 ( t ) u( t ), x 2 ( 0 ) 0 , x 2 ( T ) ?;
0 ( t ) 0 , 0 ( 0 ) 0 ( T ) const ?, x 0 ( T ) 1.4109 0 ( T ) 0
(ïñ³Ýëí»ñë³ÉáõÃÛ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÁ Ó³Ë »½ñáõÙ),
1 ( t ) ( t ) s( x 1 ( t ))x1 ( t ) , 1 ( 0 ) ?, 1 ( T ) ?,
2 ( t ) 1 ( t ), 2 ( 0 ) ?, 2 ( T ) ?, x ( T ) 2.4463 2 ( T ) 0
2
(ïñ³Ýëí»ñë³ÉáõÃÛ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ ³ç »½ñáõÙ);
u( t ) k u 2 ( t ), u( 0 ) ?, u( T ) ?,
( t ) k s( x 1 ( t )) :
~ ~
J * (u ) 5.1654 : ´³ó³ñÓ³Ï ¨ ѳñ³µ»ñ³Ï³Ý ë˳ɳÝùÝ»ñÁ ×ß·ñÇï ÉáõÍÙ³Ý
*
( tõÇáË 1.0693; *
x *1 t õÇáË 0.4283,
x *2 t õÇáË
*
1.0693; Topt I 1 ( u*) 2.6785 ,
- 186 -
T I 1 ( u ) 0.0483 ; x 1 ( T ) 0 .0028 ; x 2 ( T ) I 2 ( u ) 0.0105 ;
u( T ) 0.0000 ; J opt ( u ) 0 .0796 ; t õÇáË 0.0203 ; x 1 t õÇáË 0.0681;
- 187 -
5-ñ¹ ÷áñÓ³ñÏÙ³Ý ¹ÇݳÙÇÏ³Ý Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í ¿ ³ÕÛ. 4.14 - áõÙ, ÇëÏ
ųٳݳϳÛÇÝ µÝáõó·ñ»ñÁª ÝÏ. 4.10 - áõÙ:
²ÕÛáõë³Ï 4.14
t x1(t) x2 (t) u(t)
0 1 0 -1
0.5 0.8750 -0.4999 -0.9995
1.0 0.5002 -0.9990 -0.9960
1.1 0.3958 -1.0523
1.5 0.0549 -0.6523
2.0 -0.1462 -0.1523
2.5 -0.0973 0.3477
2.6 -0.0575 0.4477 1
2.63 -0.0436 0.4777
2.65 -0.0339 0.4977
2.68 -0.0185 0.5277
2.70 -0.0077 0.5477
x*1(t),x*2(t),u*(t)
u*(t) (2.6792;1)
1
(2.6792;0.5449)
0.
5 t
0
1 1.0650 2 (2.6792;-0.0008)
-0.5 x*1(t)
-1 x*2(t)
u*(t)
ÜÏ. 4.10
- 188 -
¸Çï³ñÏí³Í »ñÏã³÷³ÝÇß³ÛÇÝ ûåïÇÙ³É Ï³é³í³ñÙ³Ý ËݹñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý
³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÁ ÙdzñÅ»ùáñ»Ý ѳëï³ïáõÙ »Ý ³é³ç³ñÏí³Í Ùá¹»ÉÇ Ñ³ßíá-
Õ³Ï³Ý ³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ïáõÃÛáõÝÁ: ê³Ï³ÛÝ, ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ Ýß»É Ñ»ï¨Û³ÉÁ. (2.205)
ѳí³ë³ñÙ³Ý Çñ³·áñÍáõÙÁ ѳÙÇÉïáÝÛ³ÝÇ é»·áõÉÛ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÇ
³ÝÁݹѳï ÝٳݳϻñåÇ ¹»åùáõÙ µ³í³ñ³ñíáõÙ ¿ Ùáï³íáñ Ï»ñåáí: ¸ñ³
ѻ勉Ýùáí ѳٳÉáõÍ ÷á÷á˳ϳÝÝ»ñÝ ³ýÇݳÛÇÝ Ó¨áí ³Õ³í³ÕíáõÙ »Ý:
²Ûë ѳݷ³Ù³ÝùÁ ÍÝáõÙ ¿ »ñÏÏ»ï »½ñ³ÛÇÝ ËݹñÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý Ñ³ßíáճϳÝ
¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñª ϳåí³Í ïñ³Ýëí»ñë³ÉáõÃÛ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ áã Ù»Í
×ßïáõÃÛ³Ùµ µ³í³ñ³ñí»Éáõ Ñ»ï: ê³Ï³ÛÝ µ³½Ù³ï³ñµ»ñ³Ï³ÛÇÝ Ñ³ßíá-
Õ³Ï³Ý ÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÙ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ µ³í³ñ³ñ ï»Õ»Ïáõ-
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ »Ýù ëï³ÝáõÙ, áñå»ë½Ç ϳñáճݳÝù Ù»Í Ñ³Ùá½í³ÍáõÃÛ³Ùµ åݹ»É
ëï³óí³Í Ùáï³íáñ ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ ûåïÇÙ³ÉáõÃÛáõÝÁ (ùí³½ÇûåïÇÙ³ÉáõÃÛáõÝÁ)ª
ѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý ×ßïáõÃÛ³Ùµ:
- 189 -
вìºÈì²Ì
гßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ë˻ٳݻñÇ ½áõ·³ÙÇïáõÃÛáõÝÁ
U 0 ( t 0 ) U 0 , U 0 ( t 0 ) U 0 H ,
áñï»Õ H -Á ÷á÷á˳ϳÝÝ»ñÇ ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ ¿, ÇëÏ A –Ý ¨ K -Ý` Ñ»ï¨Û³É
ûå»ñ³ïáñÝ»ñÁ`
A K U K SUT K SU K , (Ð.2)
K K U ( LU K S UT K S K ) K ( U 0 ) : (Ð.3)
hK
U
2P
1
A
2 K U K S UT K S U K
1
, (Ð.7)
å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ ¿ ( U K A
U 0
A
):
- 191 -
ÂáõÛɳïñ»ÉÇ ïÇñáõÛÃÇ Ý»ñëáõÙ hK ù³ÛÉÇ Ñ³ßíÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ϳñ»ÉÇ ¿ û·ïí»É
U
K K U ( LU f UT K
K K
K SU K ( S K S X K X K )) K ( X 0 , U 0* ) ,
- 192 -
áñï»ÕÇó ¿É (4.106) –ÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý hK ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï³ÛÇÝ ù³ÛÉÁ
U
- 193 -
ú¶î²¶àðÌì²Ì ¶ð²Î²ÜàôÂÚ²Ü ò²ÜÎ
- 194 -
ñèñòåìàõ //À è Ò. – 1997. ¹2. -Ñ. 162-168.
12. Àôàíàñüåâ Â.Í., Êîëìàíîâñêèé Â.Á., Íîñîâ Â.Ð. Ìàòåìàòè÷åñêàÿ
òåîðèÿ êîíñòðóèðîâàíèÿ ñèñòåì óïðàâëåíèÿ. Ì.: Âûñøàÿ øêîëà. 1998.
– 574 ñ.
13. Áàçàðà Ì., Øåòòè Ê. Íåëèíåéíîå ïðîãðàììèðîâàíèå. Òåîðèÿ è
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14. Áàðàíîâ Â.Ë., Çàëîãèí Í.Ñ., Óðóñêèé Î.Ñ., Áàðàíîâ Ã.Ë., Êîìàðåíêî
Å.Þ. Êâàçèàíàëîãîâûå ìíîãîêðèòåðèàëüíûå ìîäåëè îïòèìèçàöèè
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20. Áåðåçíåâ Â.À., Êàðìàíîâ Â.Ã., Òðåòüÿêîâ À.À. Î ñòàáèëèçèðóþùèõ
ñâîéñòâàõ ãðàäèåíòíîãî ìåòîäà //ÆÂÌ è ÌÔ, 1986, ¹1.-Ñ. 134-137.
21. Áåðòñåêàñ Ä. Óñëîâíàÿ îïòèìèçàöèÿ è ìåòîäû ìíîæèòåëåé Ëàãðàíæà.
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22. Áëèññ Ã.À. Ëåêöèè ïî âàðèàöèîííîìó èñ÷èñëåíèþ. – Ì.: Èçä.-âî ÈË,
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àíàëèçà ìíîãîêðèòåðèàëüíûõ çàäà÷ //Ýêîíîìèêà è ìàòåìàòè÷åñêèå
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Íàóê. äóìêà, 1975. –279 Ñ.
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ìîäåëè èçîïåðèìåòðè÷åñêèõ âàðèàöèîííûõ çàäà÷ // Ýëåêòðîí.
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39. Ãðåçäîâ Ã.È., Ñèìîíÿí Ñ.Î., Àäàìÿí Ã.Â., ×èëèíãàðÿí Ì.Ã. Ê
ïîñòðîåíèþ íåêîòîðûõ àëãîðèòìîâ ðåøåíèÿ îäíîãî êëàññà çàäà÷
ìàòåìàòè÷åñêîãî ïðîãðàììèðîâàíèÿ // Ýëåêòðîí. ìîäåëèðîâàíèå.-
1990. ¹4, -Ñ. 16-24.
40. Ãðåçäîâ Ã.È., Ñèìîíÿí Ñ.Î., Õà÷àòðÿí Ô.Ñ., ×èëèíãàðÿí Ì.Ã.,
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Îïóáë. â ÁÈ è Î 08.02.91.
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СИМОНЯН САРГИС ОГАНЕСОВИЧ
АВЕТИСЯН АРМИНЕ ГЕВОРГОВНА
СУБГРАДИЕНТНЫЕ МОДЕЛИ
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ä³ïí»ñ 863 îå³ù³Ý³Ï` 100
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гٳÉë³ñ³ÝÇ ïå³ñ³ÝáõÙ
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