NUMBERS.

Can you count in English? Up to what number?

When do you use these numbers?
Look at the following numbers: What do they refer to? Guess what the numbers in the box refer
to. Exchange ideas with your teacher and classmates.

p. 23 16:40 First 423 St Paul Ave 1st.-

10 December 2018 17th 5.8 50 % 2nd.-
€ 3.75 BA6746 Room 243 3/4 3rd.-
1.5 kg 0.005 mm ½l 3x4m 1 m 75 cm
VII B. C. - 12º C 00 44 181308743 0.6 EXIT 12 A
45 + 50 = 95 5x3=0 1H3-4K67-34590KP6 ID 29.876.567 $ 34.60
Channel 21 Henry VIII 5 x 3 = 15 24/7 once

Numbers may be classified into two groups:

Cardinal numbers ​simply show quantity. They are used in figures, percentages, years, time,
schedules, addresses, phone numbers, measures, codes, prices, age, sizes, identity cards, etc.

Ordinal numbers​ express order. Their use is restricted mainly to dates, aristocratic names and
centuries. Pay attention to the way they are pronounced.(​December 14, 1999​), aristocratic names
(​Henry I​), and centuries (​the XVIth century​).

They are also expressed in the form of letters (​five​), Arabic symbols (​5​), or Roman symbols (​V​).

ARABIC SYMBOL CARDINAL NUMBER ORDINAL NUMBER

0 Zero
1 One First
2 Two Second
3 Three Third
4 Four Fourth
5 Five Fifth
6 Six Sixth
7 Seven Seventh
8 Eight Eighth
9 Nine Ninth
10 Ten Tenth
11 Eleven Eleventh
12 Twelve Twelfth
13 Thirteen Thirteenth
14 Fourteen Fourteenth
15 Fifteen Fifteenth
16 Sixteen Sixteenth
17 Seventeen Seventeenth
18 Eighteen Eighteenth
19 Nineteen Nineteenth
20 Twenty Twentieth
21 Twenty-one Twenty-first
30 Thirty Thirtieth
40 Forty Fortieth
50 Fifty Fiftieth
60 Sixty Sixtieth
NUMBERS.
70 Seventy Seventieth
80 Eighty Eightieth
90 Ninety Ninetieth
100 One/a hundred One hundredth
101 One/a hundred and one One hundred and first
163 One/a hundred and sixty-three One hundred and sixty-third
1,000 One thousand One thousandth
1,001 One thousand and one One thousand and first
1,540 One thousand five hundred and One thousand five hundred and
forty fortieth
10,304 Ten thousand three hundred Ten thousand three hundred and
and four fourth
752,201 Seven hundred and fifty-two Seven hundred and fifty-two
thousand, two hundred and one thousand, two hundred and first
1,000,000 One million One millionth
1,000,000,000 One thousand million (UK) = a One thousand millionth (UK) = a
billion (US) billionth (US)
1,000,000,000,000 A billion (UK) = a trillion (US) A billionth (UK) = a trillionth (US)

Numbers usually function as adjectives, so they don’t take the plural form:
Six thousand and four hundred

Thousands take a comma (​,​):

4,879

Decimals take a dot (​.​) on the left:

0.75

Years are read as two separate numbers:

1999 (nineteen ninety-nine)

The units follow the tens, joined by a hyphen:

25 twenty-five

In British English ​AND ​is used before the last two figures (tens and units) of a number. In
American English, this is unusual.
572 five hundred and seventy-two (BrE).
572 five hundred seventy-two (AmE).

The thousands are not followed by a hyphen or ​AND​:

1,350 one/a thousand three hundred and fifty

But if 1000 is followed by a number lower than 100, then ​AND​ is used:
1,050 one/a thousand and fifty

The words ​HUNDRED​, ​THOUSAND​ and ​MILLION​ can be used in the singular with ​A​ or ​ONE​, but
not alone. ​A​ is more common in an informal style; ​ONE​ is used when we are speaking more
precisely. Compare:
I want to live for ​a hundred​ years.
The journey took exactly ​one​ ​hundred​ days.
I’ve saved ​a thousand​ pounds.
NUMBERS.
Pay the inspector of taxes ​one thousand​ pounds only. (On a cheque)

A​ is also common in an informal style with measurement-words. Compare:

A pint​ of beer will soon cost ​a pound​.
Mix ​one pint​ of milk with ​one pound​ of flour.

Note that ​A​ is only used with ​HUNDRED​, ​THOUSAND​, etc. at the beginning of a number.
Compare:
146 ​a hundred​ and forty-six.
3,146 three thousand, ​one hundred​ and forty-six.

One thousand is written ​1,000​ or ​1000​.

We can say ​A THOUSAND​ for the “round number” 1,000, and we can say ​A THOUSAND​ before
AND​, but we say ​ONE THOUSAND​ before a number of hundreds. Compare:
1,000 ​a thousand​.
1,031 ​a thousand​ and thirty-one.
1,100 ​one thousand​, one hundred.
1,498 ​one thousand​, four hundred and ninety-eight.

Compare also:
a mile​ > ​one mile​, six hundred yards.
a pound​ > ​one pound​ twenty-five (£ 1.25)
a foot​ > ​one foot​ four (inches)
an hour​ and seventeen minutes > ​one hour​, seventeen mnutes.

We often say ​ELEVEN HUNDRED, TWELVE HUNDRED​, etc. instead of ​ONE THOUSAND ONE
HUNDRED​, etc. This is most common with round numbers between 1,100 and 1,900.

The British are now using ​billion​ to mean a thousand million, 10​9 ​which is what the word means in
American and in international scientific English. In older British English use, a billion was a million
million, 10​12​ .

THE NUMBER 0.
It can be expressed in the following ways:
nought [no:t]​ to indicate the figure and in mathematical uses.
zero​ is used mainly in USA, and also in mathematics and to measure temperature.
o [ou]​ (as the letter O) in telephone numbers.
nil [nil]​ for football results.
love​ in tennis, squash and badminton scores.

TELEPHONE NUMBERS.
They are read in pairs (but not like two-figure numbers):
456748 = ​four five, six seven, four eight.

0 is pronounced ​oh​.

If the same number is found in the same group, you will say ​double​ and the number, if they are
not in the same group, you will pronounce them separately:
880853 ​= double eight, oh eight, five three.
800192 ​= eight oh, oh one, nine two.
If the number has two, five or seven figures, you will pause after the first number:
NUMBERS.
4237897 ​= four, two three, seven eight, nine seven.
Every telephone number in England has an area code. You can find them on the first pages of the
Telephone directories:
Hastings 34529 ​ó ​(0424) 34529​.
In the United States it is like follows::
415 221 2486 ​= código de zona: four one five, número: two two one, two four eight six.

NOTES ON ORDINAL NUMBERS.

Ordinal numbers, except for the first three which are completely irregular, are formed from the
cardinal numbers by adding the ending ​-TH​; however the following spelling changes should be
noted:
fifth
eighth
ninth
twelfth
twentieth, thirtieth, etc.

When a compound ordinal is formed, only the last number changes:

twenty-fifth​ (vigésimo quinto).

Ordinal numbers are abbreviated by writing the corresponding figure followed by the last two
letters of the ordinal ending:
1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th...
NUMBERS.
CALCULATIONS.

ADDITION.
In small additions, we usually ​and​ for ​+​, and ​is​ or ​are ​for ​=​.
Two ​and​ two ​are​ four.
Six ​and​ five ​is​ eleven.
What​’s​ eight ​and​ six?

In larger additions and in more formal style we use ​plus​ for ​+​, and ​equals​ or ​is​ for ​=​.
Seven hundred and twelve ​plus​ a hundred and forty-five ​is/equals​ eight hundred and
fifty-seven

SUBSTRACTION.
In conversational style, dealing with small numbers, people say:
Four ​from​ seven ​leaves/is​ three.
Seven ​take away​ four ​leaves/is​ three.

In a more formal style or dealing with large numbers, ​minus​ and ​equals​ are used.
Six hundred and nineteen ​minus​ four hundred and twenty-eight ​equals​ a hundred and
ninety-one.

MULTIPLICATION.
In small calculations, the most common approach is to say ​three fours, six sevens​, etc., and to
use ​are​ for =:
Three fours ​are​ twelve.
Six sevens ​are​ forty-two.

In larger calculations, there are several possibilities. One way is to say ​times​ for ​x​, and ​is​ or
makes​ for ​=​:
Seventeen ​times​ three hundred and eighty-one ​is/makes​ six thousand, four hundred and
seventy-seven.

In a more formal style, we say ​multiplied​ ​by​ and ​equals​:

17 ​multiplied​ by 381 ​equals​ 6477.

DIVISION.
The simplest way is to use divided by and equals:
Two hundred and sixty-one ​divided by​ nine ​equals​ twenty-nine.

But in smaller calculations, people might say, for example:

Three ​into​ nine ​goes​ three (times).

MULTIPLIERS.

once una vez

twice dos veces
three times tres veces
forty times cuarenta veces
NUMBERS.

MULTIPLES.

single simple, sencillo

double, twofold doble
treble, triple, threefold triple
quadruple, fourfold cuádruple
quintuple, fivefold quíntuple
sixfold séxtuplo, seis veces
sevenfold siete veces

FRACTIONS.

1/2 a/one half

1/3 a/one third
1/4 a/one quarter
1/5 a/one fifth
1/8 an/one eighth
1/10 a/one tenth
2/3 two-thirds
3/4 three-quarters
5/8 five-eighths
35/76 thirty-five over seventy-six or thirty-five seventy-sixths

OPERATIONS.

24 + 3 = 27 Twenty-four and three is twenty-seven

Twenty-four plus three equals twenty-seven
5-3=2 Five5 take away three is two
Five minus three equals two
5 × 3 = 15 Five threes are fifteen
Five times three is fifteen
Five multiplied by three equals fifteen
24 ÷ 8 = 3 Twenty-four divided by eight is/equals three

PERCENTAGES.

45 % forty-five percent
33 ¼ % thirty-three and a quarter percent

CURRENCIES.

£4.30 Four pounds thirty pence

$2.40 Two dollars fifty cents
¥250 Two hundred and fifty yen
€ 54.60 Fifty four euros sixty cents
NUMBERS.
ABBREVIATIONS.

+ plus km​2 square kilometre

- minus fl oz fluid ounze
× times pt pint (0,57 litre)
÷ divided by qt quart (2 pt)
= equals/is gal gallon (4 qt)
cm centimetre (0⋅3937 inch) ml millilitre
m metre (39⋅37 inches) cl centilitre
km kilometre (0⋅6214 miles = 5/8 mile) cc cubic centimetre
yd yard (3 feet = 91,44 cm) dcl decilitre
sq square l litre
in inch (2,54 cm) oz ounze (28,35 gm)
sq ft square foot (929,03 cm 2​​ ) lb pound (16 ounces = 0,453 kg)
cm​2 square centimetre st stone (14 pounds)
m​2 square metre gm gram
ha hectare kg kilogram

MEASUREMENTS.

3x4m three metres by four metres

1.5 kg one point five kilos
1 m 68 cm one metre sixty-eight centimetres
½l half a litre
0.66 (nought) point six six
27.27 twenty-seven point two seven
0.005 mm point oh oh five of a millimetre
37 °C thirty-seven degrees Centigrade
130 °F one/a hundred degrees Fahrenheit
160/90 mm/hg (B.P.) one/a hundred and sixty over ninety millimetres of mercury
(Blood Pressure)
75 b.p.m. seventy-five beats per minute

KINGS AND QUEENS.

Ordinal numbers are used for kings and queens.

Henry VIII​ > Henry the Eighth (Not Henry Eight).
NUMBERS.
DATES.

We will write them in the following order: day / month / year:

23 June / 23rd June 1993​, but we will say ​the​ twenty-third ​of​ June ​nineteen ninety-three
(not nineteen thousand and ninety-three, but in pairs).

In America the order is month / day / year:

June 23rd / June 23​, June twenty-third. Remember, in Britain 1/4/83 is 1st April 1983, but
in America 1/4/83 is 4th January 1983.

The number in four-figure dates are read in groups of two.

1993 nineteen ninety-three.

Four figure numbers ending in two zeroes can be read with the first two figures being followed by
HUNDRED​:
1500 fifteen hundred​.

The numbers in three-figure dates are read in two parts as follows:

711 seven eleven.

However, for years over 2,000 you say as follows:

2005 two thousand and five.

FIGURES.

A ​24/7 ​(“twenty-four seven”) ​business​ is one that operates 24 hours a day, seven days a week:

Remember:
10m is 10 million.
10bn is 10 billion.
A billion is a thousand million.
1 ½ hours is one and a half hours or an hour and a half (or ninety minutes).
The period from January to June is six months (not half a year).