Professional Documents
Culture Documents
SUPREME COURT
Manila
EN BANC
RESOLUTION
The Rule shall take effect on October 01, 2008 following its publication two (2)
newspaper of general circulation.
September 9, 2008
Section 1. Title. - This Rule shall be known as " The Rule of Procedure for Small
Claims Cases."
Section 2. Scope. - This Rule shall govern the procedure in actions before the
Metropolitan trial Courts, Municipal Trial Courts in Cities, Municipal Trial Courts and
Municipal Circuit Trial Courts for payment of money where the value of the claim
does not exceed One Hundred Thousand Pesos (P100,000.00) exclusive of interest
and costs.
(a) Plaintiff - refers to the party who initiated a small claims action. The term
includes a defendant who has filed a counterclaim against plainfill;
(b) Defendant - is the party against whom the plaintiff has filed a small claims
action. The term includes a plaintiff against whom a defendant has filed a
claim, or a person who replies to the claim;
(f) Good cause - means circumtances sufficient to justify the requested order
or other action, as determined by the judge; and
(g) Affidavit - means a written statement or declaration of facts that are shown
or affirmed to be true.
1. Contract of Lease;
2. Contract of Loan;
3. Contract of Services;
4. Contract of Sale; or
5. Contract of Mortgage;
1. Fault or negligence;
2. Quasi-contract; or
3. Contract;
No formal pleading, other than the Statement of Claim described in this Rule, is
necessary to initiate a small claims action.
Section 6. Joinder of Claims - Plaintiff may join in a single statement of claim one or
more separate small claims against a defendant provided that the total amount
claimed, exclusive of interest and costs, does not exceed P100,00.00.
Section 7. Affidavits - The affidavits submitted under this Rule shall state only facts
of direct personal knowledge of the affiants which are admissible in evidence.
A violation of this requirement shall subject the party, and the counsel who assisted
the party in the preparation of the affidavits, if any, to appropriate disciplinary action.
The inadmissible affidavit(s) or portion(s) thereof shall be expunged from the record.
Section 8. Payment of Filing Fees. - The plaintiff shall pay the docket and other legal
fees prescribed under Rule 141 of the Revised Rules of Court, unless allowed to
litigate as an indigent.
A claim filed with a motion to sue as indigent (Form 6-SCC) shall be referred to the
Executive Judge for immediate action in case of multi-sala courts, or to the Presiding
Judge of the court hearing the small claims case. If the motion is granted by the
Executive Judge, the case shall be raffled off or assigned to the court designated to
hear small claims cases. If the motion is denied, the plaintiff shall be given five (5)
days within which to pay the docket fees, otherwise, the case shall be dismissed
without prejudice. In no case shall a party, even if declared an indigent, be exempt
from the payment of the P1,000.00 fee for service of summons and processes in civil
cases.
Section 9. Dismissal of the Claim. - After the court determines that the case falls
under this Rule, it may, from an examination of the allegations of the Statement of
Claim and such evidence attached thereto, by itself, dismiss the case outright of any
of the grounds apparent from the Claim for the dismissal of a civil action.
Section 10. Summons and Notice of Hearing - If no ground for dismissal is found,
the court shall forthwith issue Summons (Form 2-SCC) on the day of receipt of the
Statement of Claim, directing the defendant to submit a verified Response.
The court shall also issue a Notice (Form 4-SCC) to both parties, directing them to
appear before it on a specific date and time for hearing, with a warning that no
unjustified postponement shall be allowed, as provided in Section 19 of this Rule.
Section 12. Effect of Failure to File Response - Should the defendant fail to file his
response within the required period, the court by itself shall render judgement as
may be warranted by the facts alleged in the Statement of claim limited to what is
prayed for. The court however, may, in its discretion, reduce the amount of damages
for being excessive or unconscionable
Section 13. Counterclaims Within the Coverage of this Rule - If at the time the action
is commenced, the defendant possesses a claim against the plaintiff that (a) is within
the coverage of this rule, exclusive of interest and costs; (b) arises out of the same
transaction or event that is the subject matter of the plaintiff's claim; (c) does not
require for its adjudication the joinder of third parties; and (d) is not the subject of
another pending action, the claim shall be filed as a counterclaim in the response;
otherwise, the defendant shall be barred from suit on the counterclaim.
The defendant may also elect to the file a counterclaim against the plaintiff that does
not arise out of the same transaction or occurrence , provided that the amount and
nature thereof are within the coverage of this Rule and the prescribed docket and the
other legal fees are paid.
Section 14. Prohibited Pleadings and Motions - The following pleadings, motions,
and petitions shall not be allowed in the cases covered by this Rule:
(c) Motion for new trial, or for reconsideration of a judgement, or for reopening
of trial;
(e) Motion for extension of time to file pleadings, affidavits, or any other paper;
(f) Memoranda;
(l) Interventions.
Section 16. Appearance. - the parties shall appear at the designated date of hearing
personally or through a representative authorized under a Special Power of
Attorney (Form 5-SCC ) to enter into an amicable settlement, to submit of Judicial
Dispute Resolution (JDR) and to enter into stipulations or admissions of facts and of
documentary exhibits
If the court determines that a party cannot properly present his/her claim or defense
and needs assistance, the court may, in its discretion, allow another individual who is
not an attorney to assist that party upon the latter's consent.
Failure of the defendant to appear shall have the same effect as failure to file a
Response under Section 12 of this Rule. This shall not apply where one of two or
more defendants who are sued under a common cause of action and have pleaded
a common defense appears at the hearing.
Failure of both parties to appear shall cause the dismissal with prejudice of both the
claim and counterclaim.
Section 20. Duty of the Court. - At the beginning of the court session, the judge shall
read aloud a short statement explaining the nature, purpose and the rule of
procedure of small claims cases.
Section 21. Judicial Dispute Resolution. - At the hearing, the judge shall conduct
Judicial Dispute Resolution (JDR) through mediation, conciliation, early neutral
evaluation, or any other mode of JDR. Any settlement (Form 7-SCC) or
resolution (Form 8-SCC) of the dispute shall be reduced into writing, signed by the
parties and submitted to the court for approval (Form 12-SCC).
Section 22. Failure of JDR. - If JDR fails and the parties agree in writing (Form 10-
SCC) that the hearing of the case shall be presided over by the judge who
conducted the JDR, the hearing shall so proceed in an informal and expeditious
manner and terminated within one (1) day.
Absent such agreement, (a) in case of a multi-sala court , the case shall, on the
same day, be transmitted (Form 11-SCC) to the Office of the Clerk of Court for
immediate referral by the Executive Judge to the pairing judge for hearing and
decision within five (5) working days from referral; and (b) in case of single sala
court, the pairing judge shall hear and decide the case in the court of origin within
five (5) working days from referral by the JDR judge.
Section 23. Decision. - After the hearing, the court shall render its decision on the
same day, based on the facts established by the evidence (Form 13-SCC). The
decision shall immediately be entered by the Clerk of Court in the court docket for
civil cases and a copy thereof forthwith served on the parties.
Section 24. Execution. - If the decision is rendered in favor of the plaintiff, execution
shall issue upon motion (Form 9-SCC).
Section 25. Applicability. of the Rules of Civil Procedure - The Rules of Civil
procedure shall apply suppletorily insofar as they are not inconsistent with this rule.
Section 26. Effectivity. - This Rule shall take effect on October 01, 2008 for the pilot
courts designated to apply the procedure for small claims cases following its
publication in two newspaper of general circulation.
RATIONALE
of the
Proposed Rule of Procedure for Small Claims Cases
a. Introduction
The most significant recurring theme of every program for judicial reform of
the Supreme Court is the pressing need for a more accessible, much swifter
and less expensive delivery of justice. Undeniably, the slow grind of the
wheels of justice is the result of a variety of factors, foremost of which is the
perennial congestion of court dockets which has transformed court litigation
into a protracted battle, that invariably exhausts the time, effort and resources
of party-litigants, especially the poor. Many strategies have been devised to
unclog heavy court dockets, and one such approach is the use on mandatory
Pre-trial and Alternative Dispute Resolutions mechanisms such as mediation,
arbitration and conciliation. Another scheme that has been widely used in
many foreign legal system but which has yet to be tried in the Philippines is
the small claims case processing method used by small claims courts, often
referred to as the "People’s Court," as it comes most directly into contact with
the citizenry of a jurisdiction.
Small claims courts are courts of limited jurisdiction that hear civil cases
between private litigants. Courts authorized to try small claims may also have
other judicial functions, and the name by which such a court is known varies
by jurisdiction: it may be known by such names as county court or
magistrate’s court. Small claims courts can be found in Australia, Canada,
Ireland, Israel, New Zealand, South Africa, Hong Kong, Singapore, the United
Kingdom and the United States.
The idea of establishing Small Claims Courts in the Philippines was first
proposed to the Supreme Court through a study conducted in 1999 by Justice
Josue N. Bellosillo, former Senior Associate Justice of the Supreme Court.
After observing small claims courts and interviewing judges of such courts in
Dallas, Texas, United States in 1999, Justice Bellosillo proposed in a Report
that courts can be established in the Philippines to handle exclusively small
claims without the participation of lawyers and where ordinary litigants can
prosecute and defend a small claims action through ready-made forms. He
envisioned the small claims courts as another positive approach, in addition to
mandatory pre-trial, for solving court congestion and delay. 6The study and
report was subsequently endorsed for legislative action to Senator Franklin
Drilon who later funded a project for this purpose.
At the regular session of the Fourteenth Congress, House Bill No. 2921
entitled "An Act Establishing Small Claims Courts" was introduced by
Congressman Jose V. Yap. Thereafter, on July 3, 2007, Senate Bill No. 800
entitled "Philippines Small Claims Court Act" was filed by Senator Ramon A.
Revilla, Jr. and, on September 3, 2007, the bill passed First Reading and was
referred to the Committee(s) on Justice and Human Rights and Finance. The
same is still pending with these committees at present.
Among the critical issues being addressed by the APJR are case congestion
and delay. The congestion of case dockets is central to a multitude of
problems, either as cause or effect; it is either the manifestation of the source
of other difficulties. Addressing this concern is thus an imperative 8 which is
why present reforms in judicial systems and procedures have included the
following:
On June 23, 2008, the Technical Working Group finalized its draft of a Rule of
procedure for Small Claims Cases. Highlights of the Proposed Rule are the
following;
IX. The Rule governs the procedure in actions before the first level
courts, i.e., Metropolitan Trial Courts, Municipal Trials Courts in
Cities, Municipal Trial Courts and Municipal Circuit Trial Courts
(excluding Shari’a Circuit Courts) for the payment of money where
the value of the claim does not exceed One Hundred Thousand
Pesos (₧100,000.00) exclusive of interest and costs.
The theory behind the small claims system is that ordinary litigation
fails to bring practical justice to the parties when the disputed claim is
small, because the time and expense required by the ordinary litigation
process is so disproportionate to the amount involved that it
discourages a just resolution of the dispute. The small claims process
is designed to function quickly and informally. There are no attorneys,
no formal pleadings and no strict legal rules of evidence. The small
claims court system is not a " typical inferior court." Parties are
encouraged to file small claims court actions to resolve their minor
disputes as opposed to resorting to self-help or forcible means to seek
their remedy. (Pace v. Hillcrest Motor Co.,161 Cal. Rptr. 663, 664 Ct.
App. 1980)
X. This Rule applies to all actions that are: (a) purely civil in nature
where the claim or relief prayed for by the plaintiff is solely for
payment/reimbursement of a sum of money, and (b) the civil
aspect of criminal actions, either filed prior to the institution of the
criminal action, or reserved upon the filing of the criminal action
in court, pursuant to Rule 111 of the Revised Rules of Criminal
Procedure. These claims or demands may be:
a. For money owed under any of the following:
1. Contract of lease;
2. Contract of loan;
3. Contract of services;
4. Contract of sale; or
5. Contract of mortgage;
b. For damages arising from:
1. Fault or negligence;
2. Quasi-contract; or
3. Contract;
c. Enforcement of a barangay amicable settlement or an
arbitration award involving money claims covered by this
Rule pursuant to Sec. 417 of Republic Act No. 7160,
otherwise known as the "Local Government Code of
1991."
The Court may dismiss the case outright on any of the grounds for dismissal
of a civil actions provided by the Rules of the Civil Procedure. A defendant
may challenges jurisdiction or venue or court location by including these
defenses in his Response before appearing in the hearing, the court shall
inquire into the facts sufficiently to determine whether jurisdiction and
authority of the court over the action are proper, and shall make its
determination accordingly.
Prohibited pleadings and motions: (a) Motion to dismiss the complaint except
on the ground of lack of jurisdiction; (b) Motion for bill of particulars; (c)
Motion for new trial, or for reconsideration of a judgement, or for reopening of
trial; (d) Petition for relief from judgement; (e) Motion for extension of time to
file pleadings, affidavits, or any other paper; (f) Memoranda; (g) Petition
for certiorari, mandamus, or prohibition against any interlocutory order issued
by the court; (h) Motion to declare the defendant in default; (i) Dilatory motions
for postponement; (j) Reply; (k) Third-party complaints; and (l) Interventions.
Availability of Forms for the Parties who shall be assisted by Clerk of Court.
The parties must personally appear at the hearing; if unable, then through a
designated representative who must be duly authorized to enter into an
amicable settlement.
Attorneys are not allowed at the hearing, except as plaintiff or defendant.
However this does not preclude them from offerings their services in assisting
the party to small claims case to prepare for the hearing or for other matters
outside of the hearing. If the court determines that a party cannot properly
present his/her claim of defense and needs assistance, the court may, in its
discretion, allow another individual, who is not an attorney, to assist that party
upon the latter’s consent.
Nothing in this section shall prevent an attorney from doing any of the
following:
If the court determines that the party does not speak or understand
English or Filipino sufficiently to comprehend the proceedings or give
testimony, to the questions of the court, if any, and needs assistance in
so doing, the court may permit another individual (other than an
attorney) to assist that the party. Any additional continuances shall be
at the sound discretion of the court. If the court interpreter or other
competent interpreter of the language or dialect known to the party is
not available to aid that party in a small claims action, at the first
hearing of the case the court shall postpone the hearing one time only
to allow the party the opportunity to obtain another individual (other
than an attorney) to assist that party An additional continuances shall
be at the sound discretion of the court.
This section does not limit the inherent power of the court to order
postponement of hearing in strictly appropriate circumstances. The
postponement fee of One Hundred Pesos (or as provided in Rule 141,
Revised Rules of Court, as amended on Legal Fees) shall be charged
and collected before the filing of a request for postponement and
rescheduling of a hearing date.
XVII. Judicial Dispute Resolution. At the hearing, the court shall exert
all efforts to encourage the parties to resolve their dispute
through mediation, conciliation, early neutral evaluating or any
other mode of JDR. Any settlement or resolution of the dispute
shall be reduced into writing, signed by the parties, and submitted
to the court for approval.
XVIII. If JDR fails and the parties agree in writing (Form 10-SCC) that the
hearing of the case shall be presided over by the judge who
conducted the JDR, the hearing shall so proceed in an informal
and expeditious manner and terminated within one (1) day.
XIX. Decision. After the hearing, the court shall, on the same day,
render its decision using the form provided. The decision shall
immediately be entered by the Clerk of Court in the court docket
for civil cases and a copy thereof served on the parties. The
decision is final and unappealable.
The right to appeal is not a natural right nor a part due process. It is
merely a statutory privilege and a procedural remedy of statutory origin,
a remedy that may be exercised only in the manner and in accordance
with the provisions of the law authorizing such exercise. The applicable
provisions of the law allowing appeals from decisions of the first level
courts are Sections 36 of B.P. Blg. 129, as amended, also known as
"The Judiciary Reorganization Act of 1980." The procedure on appeal
is subject to the limitations and restrictions provided by this Act and any
such rules as the Supreme Court may hereafter prescribe. Sec. 36 of
B.P. Blg. 129 provides an instance wherein the Supreme Court may
adopt special procedures, including cases where appeal may not be
allowed, to achieve an expeditious and inexpensive determination of
particular cases requiring summary disposition.
Footnotes
1
" The People's Court Examind: A Legal and Empricial Analysis of the Small
Claims Court System, by Bruce Tucker and Monica Her, San Francisco Law
Review, Winter 2003.
2
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/small_claims_court.
3
" Small Claims Hearings: The Interventionist Role Played District Judges" by
John Baldwin, Civil Justice Quarterly, Sweet and Maxwell limited and
Contributors, January 17, 1998.
4
See Note 2.
5
"The Singapore Small Claims Tribunals - Accessible Justice to the
Community" by Chong Kah Wei, paper prepared for the 2nd Annual AIJA
Tribunals Conference held in Sydney, Australia on 10 September 1999.
6
" A Moral Renaissance For A Lasting Peace" Speech delivered by Senior
Associate Justice Josue N. Bellosillo as Keynote Speaker of the 3rd Annual
National Seminar-Convention of the Philippine trial Judges Lague, Inc. on the
theme Championing Peace Through Justice, "held3-5 October 2002 at Prince
Hotel, Baguio City.
7
"The Totality of Reforms for a transformed Judiciary" by Former Chief
Justice Artemio V. Panganiban (ret), The Court Systems Journal, December
2005, p. 69
8
Action Program for Judicial Reform (APJR) 2001-2006 published by the
Supreme Court in August 2001, p.6
9
Ibid.
10
Supplement to APJR, published by the Supreme Court in 2001 at p. 2-12.
11
See Note 7 at p. 12
12
See Note 9 at p. 2-15.
13
Memorandum For the Honorable Reynato S. Puno, Chief Justice of the
Supreme Court, dated December 19, 2007, from Court Administrator Zenaida
N. Elepaño , Re: Proposal to Establish a Pilot Project on Small Claims Courts
in First Level Courts in the Philippines.
14
" Justice, Peace and Development: The Role and Responsibility of Lawyers,
"Article by Chief Justice Reynato S. Puno, The Court System s Journal, March
2006 Volume 11 No. 1, p. 26.
15
See Note3, 20-34 at Chapter 26.
See the Revised Rules of Procedure for Small Claims (November 2009)