Review of Literature

Molina (2018) cited that the teacher and administrator-

respondents have a very satisfactory level of performance. She added that the

performance of administrator-respondents was affected by their position and

educational attainment. However, the administrators’ level of performance was

not affected by age, sex, civil status, length of administrative experience, type of

school, and number of teachers. She also concluded that the performance of

teacher-respondents under instructional competence was affected by age. In the

same manner, instructional competence and professional and personal

characteristics were affected by position. The overall teachers’ performance was

affected by the length of teaching experience. Likewise, she emphasized that

administrators should pursue post graduate studies and complete at least a

master’s degree so as to enhance their skills necessary in managing their

schools. This would further improve the quality of education particularly in the

private schools. This would also comply with the requirement of the Department

of Education to become administrators.

Professional Growth and Development

Teachers grow and develop professionally through attendance to trainings

and seminars, workshops, conferences, as a coach, attendance

to post-graduate studies, etc.

Mostoles (2017) stressed that in-service trainings are avenues to enhance

professional growth. Teachers seek more in-service training programs in order

to keep abreast with the changing needs of the time. Orteza (2018) found out in
her study that majority of the teachers in Bangar District had trainings in

district, division and regional levels regarding K to 12 matters. Mena (2017)

stated in her findings that her teacher-respondents had most of their trainings

from district regional and many had international level of trainings.

Likewise, Orteza (2018) found out in her study that the teachers who

responded in her study only sometimes conduct researches with a mean value

of 2.98 on coping strategies along professional development. It was one of the

items that was rated low.

Damilig (2013) underscored that age was significantly related with job

performance in the Northern Philippines College for Maritime Studies, San

Fernando City, La Union. She revealed that younger teachers are more likely to

possess inquisitive minds because of their greater zest in teaching.