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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

Chapter.3
Matrices
Class–XII
Subject–Mathematics

Exercise- 3.1
1.

� 2 5 19 -7 �
� �
5
In the matrix A = � 35 -2 12 � , write:
� 2 �
� �
� 31 1 -5 17 �

I. The order of the matrix


II. The number of elements,
III. Write the elements a13, a21, a33, a24, a23

Sol.

� 2 5 19 �7 �
� �
5
A = 35 �2
� 12 �
� 2 �
� �
� 31 1 �5 17 �

(i) Number of rows = 3

Number of columns = 4

Thus, the order of the matrix = 3 � 4

(ii) Order of the matrix = 3 � 4

Thus, no. of elements = 3 � 4 = 12

(iii) a13 = 19

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

a21 = 35

a33 = �5

a24 = 12

5
a23 =
2

2.

If a matrix has 24 elements, what are the possible orders it can have? What, if it
has 13 elements?

Sol.

Order of a matrix = m � n

Then, no. of elements will be = mn elements

Orders of a matrix having 24 elements are:

The ordered pairs are: (1, 24), (24, 1), (2, 12), (12, 2), (3, 8), (8, 3), (4, 6), and
(6, 4)

Hence, the possible orders of a matrix having 24 elements are:

1 � 24, 24 � 1, 2 � 12, 12 � 2, 3 � 8, 8 � 3, 4 � 6, and 6 � 4

Orders of a matrix having 13 elements are:

Order pairs = (1, 13) and (13, 1)

Hence, the possible orders of a matrix having 13 elements are 1 � 13 and 13 � 1

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3.

If a matrix has 18 elements, what are the possible orders it can have? What, if it
has 5 elements?

Sol.

Order of a matrix = m � n

Then, no. of elements will be = mn elements

Orders of a matrix having 18 elements are:

The ordered pairs are: (1, 18), (18, 1), (2, 9), (9, 2), (3, 6,), and (6, 3)

Hence, the possible orders of a matrix having 18 elements are:

1 � 18, 18 � 1, 2 � 9, 9 � 2, 3 � 6, and 6 � 3

Orders of a matrix having 5 elements are:

(1, 5) and (5, 1) are the ordered pairs of natural numbers whose product is 5

Hence, the possible orders of a matrix having 5 elements are 1 � 5 and 5 � 1

4.
Construct a 2 � 2 matrix, A = ��aij �� whose elements are given by:

( i + j)
2

(i) aij =
2

i
(ii) a ij =
j

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

( i + 2j)
2

(iii) aij =
2

Sol.

2 � 2 matrix is given by:

� a11 a12 �
A=� �
� a21 a22 �

(i)

( i + j)
2

� ij =
2

(1 + 1)
2

a11 = =2
2
(1 + 2)
2
9
a12 = =
2 2

( 2 + 1)
2
9
a21 = =
2 2
( 2 + 2)
2

a22 = =8
2

� 9�
� 2 �
2
A=� �
�9 8 �
�� 2 ��

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

i
(ii) aij =
j

1
a11 = = 1
1
1
a12 =
2
2
a21 = = 2
1
2
a22 = = 1
2

� 1�
1
A=� 2�
� �
�2 1 �

(iii)

( i + 2 j)
2

aij =
2

(1 + 2)
2
9
a11 = =
2 2
(1 + 4)
2
25
a12 = =
2 2
( 2 + 2)
2

a21 = =8
2
( 2 + 4)
2

a22 = = 18
2

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

�9 25 �
A = �2 2�
� �
�8 18 �

5.

Construct a 3 � 4 matrix, whose elements are given by

1
(i) aij = -3i + j (ii) a ij = 2i - j
2

Sol.

3 � 4 matrix is given by:

� a11 a12 a13 a14 �



A = � a21 a22 a23 a24 ��
�� a31 a32 a33 a34 ��

(i)

1
aij = �3i + j
2

1 1
a11 = �3 � 1 + 1 = � 2 = 1
2 2
1 1
a12 = �3 � 1 + 2 =
2 2

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1
a13 = �3 � 1 + 3 = 0
2
1 1
a14 = �3 � 1 + 4 =
2 2
1 5
a21 = �3 � 2 + 1 =
2 2

1
a22 = �3 � 2 + 2 = 2
2
1 3
a23 = �3 � 2 + 3 =
2 2
1
a24 = �3 � 2 + 4 = 1
2

1
a31 = �3 � 3 + 1 = 4
2
1 7
a32 = �3 � 3 + 2 =
2 2
1
a33 = �3 � 3 + 3 = 3
2
1 5
a34 = �3 � 3 + 4 =
2 2

� 1 1�
� 1 0
2 2�
� �
� 5 3 �
A= 2 1
�2 2 �
� �
�4 7 5�
3
� 2 2�

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(ii)

aij = 2i � j
a11 = 2 � 1 � 1 = 1
a12 = 2 � 1 � 2 = 0
a13 = 2 � 1 � 3 = �1
a14 = 2 � 1 � 4 = �2
a21 = 2 � 2 � 1 = 3
a22 = 2 � 2 � 2 = 2
a23 = 2 � 2 � 3 = 1
a24 = 2 � 2 � 4 = 0
a31 = 2 � 3 � 1 = 5
a32 = 2 � 3 � 2 = 4
a33 = 2 � 3 � 3 = 3
a34 = 2 � 3 � 4 = 2

�1 0 �1 �2 �

A = �3 2 1 0 � �
��5 4 3 2 ��

6.

Find the value of x, y, and z from the following equation:

� 4 3� � y z �
(i) � � =� �
� x 5� � 1 5�

� x + y 2 � �6 2 �
(ii) � � =� �
� 5 + z xy � �5 8 �

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

� x + y + z � �9 �
� x + z � = �5�
(iii) � � � �
�� y + z �� ��7 ��

Sol.

(i)

� 4 3� � y z �
� x 5� = � 1 5 �
� � � �

Comparing the corresponding elements,

x = 1, y = 4, and z = 3

(ii)

�x + y 2 � �6 2�
�5 + z � =� �
� xy � �5 8 �

Comparing the corresponding elements,

x+y=6

xy = 8

5+z=5

�z=0

Now,

(x � y)2 = (x + y)2 � 4xy

� (x � y)2 = 36 � 32 = 4

� x � y = ±2

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�x = 4, y = 2, and z = 0 or x = 2, y = 4, and z = 0

(iii)

� x + y + z � �9 �
� x + z � = �5�
� � � �
�� y + z �� ��7 ��

Comparing the corresponding elements,

x + y + z = 9 … (1)

x + z = 5 …..... (2)

y + z = 7 …..... (3)

From (1) and (2)

y+5=9

�y=4

Then, from (3)

4+z=7

�z=3

�x+z=5

�x=2

� x = 2, y = 4, and z = 3

7.

Find the value of a, b, c, and d from the equation:

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

� a - b 2a + c � �-1 5 �
� 2a - b 3c + d � = � 0 13�
� � � �

Sol.

� a � b 2a + c � � �1 5 �
� 2a � b 3c + d � = � 0 13�
� � � �

Comparing the corresponding elements

a � b = �1 … (1)

2a � b = 0 … (2)

2a + c = 5 … (3)

3c + d = 13 … (4)

From equation (2)

b = 2a

From (1)

a � 2a = �1

�a=1

�b=2

From (3)

2 �1 + c = 5

�c=3

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From equation (4)

3 �3 + d = 13

� 9 + d = 13 � d = 4

�a = 1, b = 2, c = 3, and d = 4

8.

A = ��aij �� is a square matrix, if


m�n

(A) m < n

(B) m > n

(C) m = n

(D) None of these

Sol.

We know that,

A given matrix is said to be a square matrix if the number of rows is equal to the
number of columns.

The correct answer is C.

A = ��aij �� is a square matrix, if m = n


m� n

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9.

Which of the given values of x and y make the following pair of matrices equal

� 3x + 7 5 � �0 y - 2 �
� y + 1 2 - 3x � = �8 �
4 �
� � �

-1
(A) x = ,y = 7
3

(B) Not possible to find

-2
(C) y = 7,x =
3

-1 -2
(D) x = ,y =
3 3

Sol.

�3 x + 7 5 � �0 y � 2�
� y + 1 2 � 3 x � = �8 4 ��
� � �

Comparing the corresponding elements,

3x + 7 = 0
�7
x=
3
5= y�2
y=7

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y +1 = 8
y=7

2 � 3x = 4
�2
x=
3

We find that on comparing the corresponding elements of the two matrices, we get
two different values of x, which is not possible.

Hence, it is not possible to find the values of x and y

The correct answer is B.

10.
The number of all possible matrices of order 3 � 3 with each entry 0 or 1 is:

(A) 27

(B) 18

(C) 81

(D) 512

Sol.

Elements of a 3 � 3 matrix = 9

Each of these elements can be either 0 or 1

Each of the 9 elements can be filled in two possible ways.

Therefore, by the multiplication principle,


9
The required number of possible matrices is 2 = 512

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The correct answer is D.

Exercise- 3.2
1.

�2 4� � 1 3� �-2 5�
Let A = � � , B=� � , C=� �
� 3 2� �-2 5 � � 3 4�

Find each of the following

(i) A+B

(ii) A-B

(iii) 3A-C

(iv) AB

(v) BA

Sol.

(i)

�2 4 � � 1 3�
A+ B = � � +� �
�3 2 � � �2 5�
�3 7�
=� �
�1 7�

(ii)

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

� 2 4 � � 1 3�
A� B = � � �� �
� 3 2 � � �2 5�
�1 1 �
=� �
�5 �3�

(iii)

� 2 4 � � �2 5�
3A � C = 3 � � �� �
�3 2� � 3 4�
�6 12 � � �2 5�
=� � �� �
�9 6 � � 3 4�
� 6 + 2 12 � 5�
=� �
�9 � 3 6 � 4 �
�8 7 �
=� �
�6 2�

(iv)

� 2 4 � � 1 3�
AB = � � � �
� 3 2 � � �2 5�
� 2 � 8 6 + 20 �
=� �
� 3 � 4 9 + 10 �
� �6 26 �
=� �
� �1 19 �

(v)

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

� 1 3� � 2 4 �
BA = � � � �
� �2 5� � 3 2 �
� 2+9 4+6 �
=� �
� �4 + 15 �8 + 10 �
�11 10 �
=� �
�11 2 �

2.

Compute the following:

� a b� �a b�
(i) � � +� �
�-b a � �b a �
2
�a + b 2
b + c � � 2ab 2bc �
2 2

(ii) � 2 2�
+� �
�a + c
2
a + b � �-2ac -2ab �
2

�-1 4 -6 � �12 7 6 �
� 8 5 16� + � 8 0 5 �
(iii) � � � �
�� 2 8 5 �� �� 3 2 4 ��

�cos 2 x sin 2 x � � sin 2x cos 2x �


(v) � 2 2 �
+� 2 2 �
� sin x cos x � �cos x sin x �

Sol.

(i)

� a b � �a b �
� �b a � + � b a �
� � � �
� 2a 2b �
=� �
� 0 2 a �

(ii)

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�a 2 + b2 b 2 + c 2 � � 2ab 2bc �
� 2 2�
+� �
�a + c a +b � � 2 ac 2 ab
2 2
� � �
� a 2 + b 2 + 2ab b 2 + c 2 + 2bc �
=� 2 �
� a + c � 2ac a + b � 2ab �
2 2 2

� ( a + b )2 ( b + c )2 �
=� �
�� ( a � c ) ( a � b ) ��
2 2

(iii)

� �1 4 �6 � �12 7 6 �
� 8 5 16 � + � 8 0 5 �
� � � �
�� 2 8 5 �� �� 3 2 4 ��
� �1 + 12 4 + 7 �6 + 6 �

= � 8 + 8 5 + 0 16 + 5 � �
�� 2 + 3 8 + 2 5 + 4 ��
�11 11 0 �
= ��16 5 21��
�� 5 10 9 ��

(iv)

�cos 2 x sin 2 x � � sin 2 x cos 2 x �


� 2 2 � + � 2 2 �
� sin x cos x � �cos x sin x �
�cos x + sin x cos x + sin x �
2 2 2 2
=� 2 2 �
�cos x + sin x cos x + sin x �
2 2

�1 1�
=� �
�1 1�

3.

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

Compute the indicated products

� a b � � a -b �
(i) � � � �
�-b a � �b a �

�1 �
(ii) � � [ ]
� 2� 2 3 4
�� 3��

�1 -2 � �1 2 3 �
(iii) � � � �
�2 3 � �2 3 1�

� 2 3 4� �1 -3 5�
� 3 4 5� �0 2 4�
(iv) � �� �
�� 4 5 6�� �� 3 0 5��

� 2 1�
� 3 2� � 1 0 1�
(v) � � �-1 2 1�
��-1 1 �� � �

� 2 -3�
� 3 -1 3� � �
(vi) � �� 1 0 �
� -1 0 2 ��
� 3 1 ��

Sol.

(i)

� a b � � a �b �
� �b a � � b a �
� �� �
� a +b
2 2
�ab + ab �
=� 2 �
� � ab + ab b + a �
2

�a + b
2 2
0 �
=� 2�
� 0 a +b �
2

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(ii)

�1 �
� �[ ]
�2� 2 3 4
�� 3 ��
�1 � 2 1 � 3 1 � 4 �

= �2 � 2 2 � 3 2 � 4� �
�� 3 � 2 3 � 3 3 � 4 ��

�2 3 4 �

= �4 6 8 � �
�� 6 9 12 ��

(iii)

� 1 �2 � � 1 2 3�
�2 3 � �2 3 �
1�
� ��
�1 � 1 � 2 � 2 1� 2 � 2 � 3 1� 3 � 2 � 1�
=� �
�2 � 1 + 3 � 2 2 � 2 + 3 � 3 2 � 3 + 3 � 1�
�1 � 4 2 � 6 3 � 2 �
=� �
� 2 + 6 4 + 9 6 + 3�
� �3 � 4 1 �
=� �
� 8 13 9 �

(iv)

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

� 2 3 4 � �1 �3 5 �
� 3 4 5 � �0 2 4�
� �� �
�� 4 5 6 �� �� 3 0 5 ��
� 2 � 1 + 3 � 0 + 4 � 3 2 � ( �3 ) + 3 � 2 + 4 � 0 2 � 5 + 3 � 4 + 4 � 5 �
= � 3 � 1 + 4 � 0 + 5 � 3 3 � ( �3 ) + 4 � 2 + 5 � 0 3 � 5 + 4 � 4 + 5 � 5 �
� �
�� 4 � 1 + 5 � 0 + 6 � 3 4 � ( �3) + 5 � 2 + 6 � 0 4 � 5 + 5 � 4 + 6 � 5 ��
� 2 + 12 �6 + 6 10 + 12 + 20 �

= � 3 + 15 �9 + 8 15 + 16 + 25 � �
�� 4 + 18 �12 + 10 20 + 20 + 30 ��
�14 0 42 �

= �18 �1 56 � �
�� 22 �2 70 ��

(v)

� 2 1�
� 3 2 � � 1 0 1�
� � � �1 2 1�
�� �1 1 �� � �

� 2 � 1 + 1(�1) 2 � 0 + 1� 2 2 � 1 + 1� 1 �
= �� 3 � 1 + 2 � (�1) 3 � 0 + 2 � 2 3 � 1 + 2 � 1 ��
�� �1 � 1 + 1 � (�1) �1 � 0 + 1 � 2 �1 � 1 + 1 � 1��
�2 �1 2 2 + 1�

= �3 � 2 �
4 3 + 2�
�� �2 2 0 ��
�1 2 3�

=�1 4 5� �
�� �2 2 0 ��

(vi)

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

� 2 �3�
� 3 �1 3 � � �
� �1 0 2 � �1 0 �
� � �3 1 �
� �
� 3 � 2 � 1 � 1 + 3 � 3 3 � (�3) � 1 � 0 + 3 � 1�
=� �
� � 1 � 2 + 0 � 1 + 2 � 3 � 1 � ( � 3) + 0 + 2 � 1 �
� 6 � 1 + 9 �9 + 3�
=� �
� �2 + 6 3+ 2 �
�14 �6 �
=� �
�4 5�

4.

�1 2 -3 � � 3 -1 2 � �4 1 2 �
If A = �5 0 2 � , B = �4 2 5 � , and C = �0 3 2 � , then compute (A+B)
� � � � � �
��1 -1 1 �� �� 2 0 3 �� ��1 -2 3��
and (B-C). Also, verify that A + (B – C) = (A + B) - C

Sol.

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

LHS = A + ( B � C )
�1 2 �3� � � 3 �1 2 � � 4 1 2 � �
� � �� � � � �
= �5 0 2 � + � � 4 2 5 � � � 0 3 2 � �
��1 �1 1 �� �� �� 2 0 3 �� ��1 �2 3 �� ��
�1 2 �3� � 3 � 4 �1 � 1 2 � 2 �
� � �
= �5 0 2 � + � 4 � 0 2 � 3 5 � 2 � �
��1 �1 1 �� �� 2 � 1 0 + 2 3 � 3 ��
�1 2 �3� � �1 �2 0 �
= ��5 0 2 �� + �� 4 �1 3 ��
��1 �1 1 �� �� 1 2 0 ��
�1�1 2 � 2 �3 + 0 �

= �5 + 4 0 �1 2 + 3 � �
�� 1 + 1 �1 + 2 1 + 0 ��
� 0 0 �3�

= �9 �1 5 � �
�� 2 1 1 ��

RHS = ( A + B ) � C
� � 1 2 �3� � 3 �1 2 � � � 4 1 2�
� �
= � ��5 0 2 �� + �� 4 2 5 �� � � �� 0 3 2 ��
�� ��1 �1 1 �� �� 2 0 3 �� �� �� 1 �2 3 ��
� 1 + 3 2 � 1 �3 + 2 � � 4 1 2�
= ��5 + 4 0 + 2 2 + 5 �� � �� 0 3 2 ��
��1 + 2 �1 + 0 1 + 3 �� ��1 �2 3 ��
�4 1 �1� � 4 1 2 �
= ��9 2 7 �� � �� 0 3 2 ��
�� 3 �1 4 �� �� 1 �2 3 ��
�4 � 4 1 � 1 �1 � 2 �
= �� 9 � 0 2 � 3 7 � 2 ��
�� 3 � 1 �1 + 2 4 � 3 ��
�0 0 �3�
= ��9 �1 5 ��
�� 2 1 1 ��

Hence,

LHS = RHS

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

5.

�2 5� �2 3 �
�3 1 1�
3� �5 5
� � � �
� 1 2 4� � 1 2 4�
If A = , and B = then compute 3A - 5B .
�3 3 3� �5 5 5�
� � � �
�7 2
2� �7 6 2�
�3 3� �5 5 5�

Sol.

= 3 A � 5B
�2 5� �2 3 �
�3 1 � � 1�
3 5 5
� � � �
� 1 2 4� �1 2 4�
=3 -5
�3 3 3� �5 5 5�
� � � �
�7 2
2� �7 6 2�
�3 3� �5 5 5�
�2 3 5� �2 3 5�

= �1 � �
2 4 � � �1 2 4 ��
��7 6 2 �� ��7 6 2 ��
�0 0 0�

= �0 0 0� �
��0 0 0 ��

6.

� cos� sin� � � sin� -cos� �


Simplify cos� � � + sin� � �
�-sin� cos� � �cos� sin� �

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

Sol.

� cos� sin � � � sin � � cos� �


cos� � � + sin � � �
� � sin � cos� � �cos� sin � �
� cos 2 � cos� sin � � � 2
sin � � cos � sin � �
=� 2 � + � 2 �
� � sin � cos� cos � � �cos� sin � sin � �
� cos � + sin �
2 2
cos� sin � � cos� sin � �
=� �
� � sin � cos� + cos� sin � cos � + sin �
2 2

�1 0 �
=� �
�0 1 �

7.

Find X and Y, if

�7 0� �3 0�
(i) X + Y = � � and X - Y = � �
� 2 5 � � 0 3 �

� 2 3� � 2 -2�
(ii) 2X + 3Y = � � , and 3X + 2Y = � �
�4 0� �-1 5 �

Sol.

(i)

�7 0�
X +Y = � � ......................(1)
� 2 5�
�3 0�
X �Y = � � ........................(2)
�0 3�
On adding both equations

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

�7 0� �3 0�
2X = � � +� �
�2 5 � �0 3�
�10 0�
2X = � �
�2 8�
1 �10 0 �
X = � �
2 � 2 8�
�5 0 �
X =� �
�1 4 �

Using equation (1)


�7 0�
X +Y = � �
�2 5�
�5 0 � �7 0�
�1 4 � + Y = � 2 5 �
� � � �
� 7 0 � �5 0 �
Y =� � �� �
� 2 5 � �1 4 �
�7 � 5 0 �
Y =� �
� 2 � 1 5 � 4�
�2 0�
Y =� �
�1 1 �

(ii)

� 2 3�
2 X + 3Y = � � .........................(1)
� 4 0�
� 2 �2 �
3 X + 2Y = � � .....................(2)
� �1 5 �
On multiplying equation (1) with 3 & equation (2) with 2
� 2 3�
3 � ( 2 X + 3Y ) = 3 � �
� 4 0 �
� 6 9�
6 X + 9Y = � � .................................(4)
�12 0 �

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

� 2 �2 �
2 � ( 3 X + 2Y ) = 2 � �
� �1 5 �
� 4 �4 �
6 X + 4Y = � � ..............................(5)
� �2 10 �
On subtracting equation (5) from (4)
� 6 9 � � 4 �4 �
5Y = � � �� �
�12 0 � � �2 10 �
� 2 13 �
5Y = � �
�14 �10 �
1 � 2 13 �
Y= � �
5 �14 �10 �

�2 13 �
�5 5�
Y =� �
�14 �2 �
�� 5 ��

Using equation (4)


� 6 9�
6 X + 9Y = � �
�12 0 �
� 2 13 �
� 5 5 � � 2 �2 �
3X + 2 � �=� �
�14 �2 � � �1 5 �
�� 5 ��
� 4 26 �
�5 5 � � 2 �2 �
3X + � �=� �
� 28 �4 � � �1 5 �
�� 5 ��

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

� 4 26 �
� 2 �2 � � 5 5�
3X = � � �� �
� �1 5 � � 28 �4 �
�� 5 ��
� 4 26 �
� 2� 5 �2 � �
5
3X = � �
� �1 � 28 5+ 4 �
�� 5 ��

� 6 36 �
� 5 � �
5
3X = � �
� � 33 9 �
�� 5 ��
� 6 36 �

1� 5 5 �
X = � �
3 � 33
� 9 �
�� 5 ��
� 2 12 �
� 5 � �
5
X =� �
� � 11 3 �
�� 5 ��

8.

� 3 2� � 1 0�
Find X, if Y = � � , and 2X + Y = � �
�1 4 � �-3 2�

Sol.

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

� 1 0�
2X + Y = � �
� �3 2 �
�3 2 � � 1 0 �
2X + � � =� �
�1 4 � � � 3 2 �
� 1 0 � �3 2 �
2X = � � �� �
� � 3 2 � �1 4 �
� 1 � 3 0 � 2�
2X = � �
� �3 � 1 2 � 4 �
1 � �2 �2 �
X = � �
2 � �4 �2 �
� �1 �1�
X =� �
� �2 �1�

9.

�1 3 � � y 0 � � 5 6 �
Find x and y, if 2 � � +� � =� �
�0 x � � 1 2 � �1 8�

Sol.

�1 3 � � y 0 � �5 6 �
2� � +� � =� �
� 0 x � � 1 2 � � 1 8 �
�2 6 � � y 0 � �5 6 �
� 0 2 x � + � 1 2 � = �1 8 �
� � � � � �
�2 + y 6 � �5 6 �
� 1 � =� �
� 2 x + 2 � � 1 8 �
on comparing elements
2+ y =5
y=3
2x + 2 = 8
x=3
� x = 3, y = 3

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

10.

Solve the equation for x, y, z and t if

�x z� �1 -1� � 3 5�
2� � + 3� � = 3� �
�y t � �0 2 � �4 6�

Sol.

� x z� �1 �1� � 3 5�
2� � + 3� � = 3� �
�y t � �0 2 � � 4 6�
� 2 x 2 z � � 3 �3� � 9 15�
� 2 y 2t � + �0 6 � = �12 18�
� � � � � �
� 2 x + 3 2 z � 3� � 9 15�
� 2y � =� �
� 2t + 6 � �12 18�
On comparing elemnets
2x + 3 = 9
x=3
2 z � 3 = 15
z =9
2 y = 12
y=6
2t + 6 = 18
t =6
x = 3, z = 9, y = 6, t = 6

11.

�2� �-1� �10�


If x � � + y � � = � � , find values of x and y
�3� �1� � 5 �
Sol.

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

� 2� � �1� �10�
x� � + y� � = � �
� 3� �1� �5�
� 2 x � � � y � �10�
� 3x � + � y � = � 5 �
� � � � � �
� 2 x � y � �10 �
�3x + y � = � 5 �
� � � �
On comparing elements
2 x � y = 10................(1)
3x + y = 5.................(2)
On adding both equations
5 x = 15
x=3
2 x � y = 10
2 � 3 � y = 10
y = �4
x = 3, y = �4

12.

�x y � � x 6 � � 4 x + y�
Given 3 � � =� � +� � , find the values of x, y, z and w.
� z w � �-1 2w � � z + w 3 �

Sol.

�x y � � x 6 � � 4 x + y�
3� � =� � +� �
� z w � � �1 2 w � � z + w 3 �
�3 x 3 y � � x + 4 6 + x + y�
� 3 z 3w� = � �1 + z + w 2 w + 3 �
� � � �
on comparing elements

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

3x = x + 4
x=2
3y = 6 + x + y
3y = 6 + 2 + y
3y = 8 + y
y=4

3w = 2 w + 3
w=3
3 z = �1 + z + w
3 z = �1 + z + 3
2z = 2
z =1

x = 2, y = 4, w = 3, z = 1

13.

�cosx -sinx 0 �
If F(x) = � sinx cosx 0 � , show that F(x)F(y) = F ( x + y ) .
� �
�� 0 0 1 ��

Sol.

� cos x � sin x 0 �

F ( x) = � sin x cos x 0 � �
�� 0 0 1 ��
� cos y � sin y 0 �
F ( y ) = �� sin y cos y 0 ��
�� 0 0 1 ��
� cos ( x + y ) � sin ( x + y ) 0 �
F ( x + y ) = � sin ( x + y ) cos ( x + y ) 0 �
� �
�� 0 0 1 ��

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

LHS = F ( x) F ( y )
�cos x � sin x 0 � �cos y � sin y 0 �
� � �
= � sin x cos x 0 � � sin y cos y 0 � �
�� 0 0 1 �� �� 0 0 1 ��
� cos x cos y � sin x sin y � sin y cos x � sin x cos y 0 �

= �sin x cos y + cos x sin y � sin x sin y + cos x cos y 0 � �
�� 0 0 1 ��
�cos ( x + y ) � sin ( x + y ) 0 �
= � sin ( x + y ) cos ( x + y ) 0 �
� �
�� 0 0 1 ��
= RHS

14.

Show that

�5 -1� � 2 1 � � 2 1� � 5 -1�
(i) � � � � �� � � �
�6 7 � � 3 4� � 3 4� � 6 7 �

�1 2 3� �-1 1 0� �-1 1 0 � �1 2 3�
(ii) �0 1 0 � � 0 -1 1 � � � 0 -1 1 � �0 1 0 �
� �� � � �� �
��1 1 0 �� �� 2 3 4�� �� 2 3 4 �� ��1 1 0 ��

Sol.

(i)

�5 �1� � 2 1 �
LHS = � � � �
�6 7 � � 3 4�
� 10 � 3 5 � 4 �
=� �
�12 + 21 6 + 28 �
�7 1�
=� �
�33 34 �

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

� 2 1 � �5 �1�
RHS = � � � �
� 3 4� �6 7 �
� 10 + 6 �2 + 7 �
=� �
�15 + 24 �3 + 28�
�16 5 �
=� �
�39 25�

LHS � RHS

(ii)

�1 2 3 � � �1 1 0 �
LHS = �� 0 1 0 �� �� 0 �1 1 ��
��1 1 0 �� �� 2 3 4 ��
� �1 + 6 1 � 2 + 9 2 + 12 �
= �� 0 �1 1 ��
�� �1 1�1 1 ��
� 5 8 14 �

= � 0 �1 1 � �
�� �1 0 1 ��

� �1 1 0 � � 1 2 3 �
RHS = �� 0 �1 1 �� �� 0 1 0 ��
�� 2 3 4 �� ��1 1 0 ��
� �1 �2 + 1 � 3 �
= �� 1 �1 + 1 0 ��
�� 2 + 4 4 + 3 + 4 6 ��
� �1 � 1 � 3 �
= �� 1 0 0 ��
�� 6 11 6 ��

LHS � RHS

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

15.

�2 0 1�
� �
Find A - 5A + 6I if A = � 2 1 3 �
2

��1 -1 0 ��

Sol.

�2 0 1�

A = �2 1 3� �
��1 �1 0 ��
�2 0 1� �2 0 1�
A2 = �� 2 1 3�� �� 2 1 3��
��1 �1 0 �� �� 1 �1 0 ��
� 4 +1 �1 2 � � 5 �1 2 �
� � �
= � 4 + 2 + 3 1 � 3 2 + 3� = �9 �2 5 � �

�� 2 � 2 �1 1 � 3 �� �� 0 �1 �2 ��

A � 5 A + 6I
2

�5 �1 2� �2 0 1� �1 0 0�

= �9 � � �
�2 5 � � 5 � 2 1 3� + 6 �0� 1 0� �
��0 �1 �2 �� ��1 �1 0 �� ��0 0 1 ��
�5 �1 2 � �10 0 5 � �6 0 0�

= �9 � �
�2 5 � � �10 5 15� + �0� � 6 0� �
��0 �1 �2 �� �� 5 �5 0 �� ��0 0 6 ��
�5 � 10 + 6 �1 2�5 �
= �� 9 � 10 �2 � 5 + 6 5 � 15 ��
�� �5 �1 + 5 �2 + 6 ��
� 1 �1 �3 �

= � �1 �1 �10 � �
�� �5 4 4 ��

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

16.

�1 0 2�
� �
If A = � 0 2 1 � , prove that A 3 - 6A 2 + 7A + 2I = 0
�� 2 0 3 ��

Sol.

�1 0 2�

A = �0 2 1��
�� 2 0 3��
�1 0 2� �1 0 2�
A = �0
2 � � �
2 1 � �0 2 1 � �
�� 2 0 3�� �� 2 0 3��
�1 + 4 0 2 + 6 � � 5 0 8 �

=� 2 � �
4 3 + 2 � = �2 4 5 ��
�� 2 + 6 0 4 + 9 �� ��8 0 13��

�5 0 8 � �1 0 2�

A = �2 4
3 � �
5 � �0 2 1 � �
��8 0 13�� �� 2 0 3��
� 5 + 16 0 10 + 24 � � 21 0 34 �

= � 2 + 10 � � �
8 4 + 4 + 15� = �12 8 23�
��8 + 26 0 16 + 39 �� ��34 0 55��

LHS = A � 6 A + 7 A + 2 I
3 2

� 21 0 34� �5 0 8 � �1 0 2� �1 0 0 �
� � � � � � �
= �12 8 23� � 6 � 2 4 5 � + 7 � 0 2 1 � + 2 �0 1 0 � �

��34 0 55�� ��8 0 13�� �� 2 0 3�� ��0 0 1 ��

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

� 21 0 34 � �30 0 48� � 7 0 14 � � 2 0 0 �
� � � � �
= �12 8 23� � �12 24 30 � + � 0 14 7 � + � 0 2 0 � � � �
��34 0 55�� �� 48 0 78�� ��14 0 21�� �� 0 0 2 ��
� 21 � 30 + 7 + 2 0 34 � 48 + 14 �

= � 12 � 12 8 � 24 + 14 + 2 23 � 30 + 7 � �
�� 34 � 48 + 14 0 55 � 78 + 21 + 2 ��
�0 0 0 �
� �
= �0 0 0 � = 0
��0 0 0 ��
= RHS

17.
� 3 -2� �1 0 � 2
If A = � � , and I = � � , find k so that A = kA - 2I
� 4 -2� �0 1 �

Sol.

�3 �2 �
A=� �
�4 �2 �
�3 �2� � 3 �2�
A =�
2
� � �
�4 �2� � 4 �2�
� 9 � 8 �6 + 4 � �1 �2 �
=� � =� �
�12 � 8 �8 + 4 � � 4 �4 �

A = kA � 2 I
2

�1 �2� �3 �2� �1 0�
�4 � =k� � � 2� �
� �4 � �4 �2 � �0 1�
�1 �2� � 3k �2k � � 2 0�
�4 � =� � �� �
� �4 � � 4k �2k � � 0 2�

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

�1 �2 � �3k � 2 �2 k �
� 4 �4 � = � 4k �
�2k � 2 �
� � �
on comparing elements
3k � 2 = 1
k =1

18.
� ��
� 0 -tan �
2
If A = � � and I is the identity matrix of order 2, show
�tan � 0 �
�� 2 ��
�cos� -sin� �
that I + A = ( I - A ) � �
� sin� cos� �

Sol.

LHS
=I+A
� ��
0 � tan
�1 0 � � 2�
=� � +� �
� 0 1 � � tan � 0 �
�� 2 ��
� ��
� 1 � tan �
2
=� �
� tan � 1 �
�� 2 ��

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RHS
�cos � � sin � �
= ( I � A) � �
� sin � cos � �
� ��
0 � tan �
�1 0 � � 2 � cos � � sin � �
=� � �� �� �
�0 1 � � tan � 0 � � sin � cos � �
�� 2 ��
� ��
� 1 tan �
2 �cos � � sin � �
=� �� �
� � tan � � � sin � cos � �
1
�� 2 ��

� � ��
� cos � + sin � tan � sin � + cos � tan
2 2�
=� �
� � cos � tan � + sin � �
sin � tan + cos � �
�� 2 2 ��
� 2� � � � � � �2� � ��
� 1 � 2sin 2 + 2sin 2 cos 2 tan 2 �2sin cos + � 2cos
2 2 � 2
� 1 � tan �
2�

=�
� � 2� � � � � � � � 2� �
� � � 2cos � 1� tan + 2sin cos 2sin cos tan + 1 � 2sin �
� � 2 � 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 �

� 2� 2� � � � � ��
� 1 � 2sin + 2sin �2sin cos + 2cos sin � tan �
=� 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

� �2cos � sin � + tan � + 2sin � cos � 2sin 2�
+ 1 � 2sin 2� �
�� 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ��

� ��
� 1 � tan �
=� 2

� tan � 1 �
�� 2 ��

� LHS = RHS

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

19.

A trust fund has Rs 30,000 that must be invested in two different types of bonds. The
first bond pays 5% interest per year, and the second bond pays 7% interest per
year. Using matrix multiplication, determine how to divide Rs 30,000 among the two
types of bonds. If the trust fund must obtain an annual total interest of:

(a) Rs 1,800 (b) Rs 2,000

Sol.

(a)Let amount invested in the first bond = Rs x

Then, the sum of money invested in the second bond = Rs (30000 � x)

Rate on which first bond pays = 5% interest per year

Rate at which the second bond pays = 7% interest per year

As per the question,

� 5 �
�100 �
�� x ( 30000 � x )�� � � = 1800
� 7 �
��100 ��
5 x 7 ( 30000 � x )
+ = 1800
100 100
5 x + 210000 � 7 x = 180000
�2 x = �30000
x = 15000

(b)

As per the question,

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

� 5 �
�100 �
�� x ( 30000 � x )�� � � = 2000
� 7 �
��100 ��
5 x 7 ( 30000 � x )
+ = 2000
100 100
5 x + 210000 � 7 x = 200000
�2 x = �10000
x = 5000

The bookshop of a particular school has 10 dozen chemistry books, 8 dozen


physics books, 10 dozen economics books. Their selling prices are Rs 80, Rs 60
and Rs 40 each respectively. Find the total amount the bookshop will receive
from selling all the books using matrix algebra.

Sol.

Chemistry books =10 dozen

Physics books = 8 dozen

Economics books = 10 dozen

Selling price of a chemistry book = Rs. 80

Selling price of a physics book = Rs. 60

Selling price of an economics book = Rs 40

As per the question,

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

�80 �
12 [10 8 10] � 60 �
� �
�� 40 ��
= 12 [10 � 80 + 8 � 60 + 10 � 40 ]
= 12 [800 + 480 + 400 ]
= 12 � 1680
= 20160

Thus, the bookshop will receive Rs 20160 from the sale of all these books.

20.

Assume X, Y, Z, W and P are matrices of order


2 � n, 3 � k, 2 � p, n � 3, and p � k respectively. The restriction on n, k and p so
that PY + WY will be defined are:

A. k = 3, p = n

B. k is arbitrary, p = 2

C. p is arbitrary, k = 3

D. k = 2, p = 3

Sol.

Order of matrix P = p � k

Order of matrix Y = 3 � k

Consequently, PY will be of the order = p � k

Order of matrix W = n � 3

Order of matrix Y = 3 � k

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Matrix WY is well-defined and is of the order n � k

Matrices PY and WY can be added only when their orders are the same.

However,

Order of PY = p � k

Order of WY = n � k

Therefore, p = n

Thus, k = 3 and p = n are the restrictions on n, k, and p so that PY + WY will be


defined.

21.

Assume X, Y, Z, W and P are matrices of order 2 � n, 3 � k, 2 � p, n � 3, and p � k


respectively. If n = p, then the order of the matrix 7X - 5Z is

A. p � 2

B. 2 � n

C. n � 3

D. p � n

Sol.

Order of matrix X = 2 � n

Therefore, Order of matrix 7X is also of the same order.

Order of matrix Z = 2 � p, i.e., 2 � n [Since n = p]

Therefore, Order of matrix 5Z is also of the same order.

Now,

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

Order of matrices 7X and 5Z = 2 � n

Thus,

Matrix 7X � 5Z is well-defined and is of the order 2 � n.

The correct answer is B.

Exercise- 3.3

1.

Find the transpose of each of the following matrices:

�5� � -1 5 6�
�1� 1 -1 � �
� �
(i) � � (ii) � � (iii) � 3 5 6�
�2� � 2 3 � � 2
� -1� � 3 -1��
� �

Ans.

(i)

�5�
�1�
Let A= � �
�2�
� �1�
� �
� 1 �
A = �5
T
�1�
� 2 �

(ii)

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�1 �1�
A=� �
�2 3 �
� 1 2�
A =�
T

� �1 3 �

(iii)

� �1 5 6 �
� �
A=� 3 5 6 �
� 2 3 �1�
� �
� �1 3 2�
� �
A =�5
T
5 3�
�6 6 � 1�
� �

2.

� -1 2 3 � �-4 1 -5 �
� � � �
If A = � 5 7 9 � , and B = � 1 2 0 � , then verify that
��-2 1 1 �� �� 1 3 1 ��

(i) ( A + B )' = A' + B'

(ii) ( A - B )' = A' - B'

Sol.

(i)

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

� �1 2 3� � �4 1 �5�
� � �
A = � 5 7 9 � , and B = � 1 2 0 � �
�� �2 1 1 �� �� 1 3 1 ��
LHS
= ( A + B)'

'
� � �1 2 3� � �4 1 �5� �
�� � � � �
= � � 5 7 9� + � 1 2 0 � �
� � �2 1 1 � � 1 3 1 � �
�� � � ��
'
� �5 3 �2 � � �5 6 �1�
� � �
=�6 9 9� =�3 9 4� �
�� �1 4 2 �� �� �2 9 2 ��

RHS
= A '+ B '
' '
� �1 2 3� � �4 1 �5�

=�5 � �
7 9� + � 1 2 0� �
�� �2 1 1 �� �� 1 3 1 ��
� �1 5 �2 � � �4 1 1�

=�2 �
7 1 �+� 1 � 2 3��
�� 3 9 1 �� �� �5 0 1��
� �5 6 �1�

=�3 9 4� �
�� �2 9 2 ��

� LHS = RHS

(ii)

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

� �1 2 3� � �4 1 �5�
� � �
A = � 5 7 9 � , and B = � 1 2 0 � �
�� �2 1 1 �� �� 1 3 1 ��
LHS
= ( � � �)'

'
� � �1 2 3� � �4 1 �5� �
�� � � � �
= � � 5 7 9� � � 1 2 0 � �
� � �2 1 1 � � 1 3 1 � �
�� � � ��
'
� 3 1 8 � �3 4 �3�
� � �
= � 4 5 9 � = �1 5 �2 � �
�� �3 �2 0 �� ��8 9 0 ��

RHS
= � '� � '
' '
� �1 2 3� � �4 1 �5�

=�5 � �
7 9� � � 1 2 0� �
�� �2 1 1 �� �� 1 3 1 ��
� �1 5 �2 � � �4 1 1�

=�2 �
7 1 ��� 1 � 2 3��
�� 3 9 1 �� �� �5 0 1��
�3 4 �3�

= �1 5 �2 ��
��8 9 0 ��

� LHS = RHS

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

3.

� 3 4�
� � �-1 2 1 �
If A' = �-1 2 � , and B = � � , then verify that
� 1 2 3�
�� 0 1 ��

(i) ( A + B )' = A' + B'

(ii) ( A - B )' = A' - B'

Sol.
(i)

� 3 4�
� � � �1 2 1 �
A ' = � �1 2 � , and B = � �
� 1 2 3�
�� 0 1 ��
A = ( A ') '
� 3 �1 0 �
A=� �
� 4 2 1 �
LHS
= ( A + B)'
'
� � 3 �1 0 � � �1 2 1 � �
= �� � +� � �
� � 4 2 1 � � 1 2 3� �
�2 1 1�
=� �
� 5 4 4 �

RHS
= A '+ B '
' '
� 3 �1 0 � � � 1 2 1 �
=� � +� �
� 4 2 1 � � 1 2 3 �
�2 1 1�
=� �
� 5 4 4 �

� LHS = RHS

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(ii)

� 3 4�
� � � �1 2 1 �
A ' = � �1 2 � , and B = � �
� 1 2 3�
�� 0 1 ��
A = ( A ') '
� 3 �1 0 �
A=� �
�4 2 1�
LHS
= ( A � B)'

'
� � 3 �1 0 � � �1 2 1� �
= �� � �� � �
� � 4 2 1 � � 1 2 3� �
'
� 4 �3 �1�
=� �
� 3 0 �2 �
�4 3�

= � �3 0 � �
�� �1 �2 ��

RHS
= A '� B '
' '
�3 �1 0 � � �1 2 1�
=� � �� �
�4 2 1 � � 1 2 3�
�3 4 � � �1 1 �

= � �1 � �
2� � � 2 2� �
�� 0 1 �� �� 1 3 ��
�4 3�

= � �3 0 � �
�� �1 �2 ��

� LHS = RHS

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

4.

�-2 3� �-1 0 �
If A' = � � , and B = � � , then find ( A + 2B ) '
� 1 2� � 1 2�

Sol.

� �2 3 � � �1 0 �
A' = � � , and B = � �
� 1 2� � 1 2�
A = ( A ') '
� �2 1 �
A=� �
� 3 2�
'
� � �2 1 � � �1 0 � �
( A + 2B ) ' = � � � + 2� � �
� � 3 2� � 1 2� �
'
� � � 2 1 � � �2 0 � �
= �� � +� � �
� � 3 2� � 2 4� �
,
� �4 1�
=� �
�5 6�
� �4 5�
=� �
�1 6�

5.

For the matrices A and B, verify that ( AB ) ' = B'A' where

�1�
(i) A = �-4 � , B = [-1 2 1]
� �
�� 3 ��

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

�0�
(ii) A = �1 � ,B = [1 5 7 ]
� �
�� 2��

Sol.

(i)

�1�
A = � �4 � , B = [ �1 2 1]
� �
�� 3 ��
LHS
= ( AB ) '
'
�� 1 � �
= � � �4 � [ �1 2 1] �
�� � �
�� 3 � �
�� � �
'
� �1 2 1 �
= �� 4 �8 �4 ��
�� �3 6 3 ��
� �1 4 �3�

= � 2 �8 6 � �
�� 1 �4 3 ��

= B ' A'
'
�1�
= [ �1 2 1] ' �� �4 ��
�� 3 ��
� �1�
= � 2 � [1 �4 3]
� �
�� 1 ��
� �1 4 � 3 �

= � 2 �8 6 � �
�� 1 �4 3 ��

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� ( AB ) ' = B ' A '

(ii)

�0�
A = � 1 � , B = [1 5 7 ]
� �
�� 2 ��
LHS
= ( AB ) '
'
� �0� �
= � � 1 � [1 5 7 ] �
�� � �
� �2� �
�� � �
'
�0 0 0�

= �1 5 7� �
�� 2 10 14 ��
�0 1 2�

= �0 5 10 ��
�� 0 7 10 ��

= B ' A'
'
�0�
= [1 5 7 ] ' �1 �
� �
�� 2 ��
�1 �
= � 5 � [0 1 2]
� �
�� 7 ��
�0 1 2 �

= � 0 5 10 � �
�� 0 7 10 ��

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

� ( AB ) ' = B ' A '

6.

� cos� sin� �
If (i) A = � � , then verify that A'A = I
�-sin� cos� �

� sin� cos� �
(ii) A = � � , then verify that A'A = I
�-cos� sin� �

Sol.

(i)

� cos � sin � �
A=� �
� � sin � cos � �
�cos � � sin � �
A' = � �
� sin � cos � �
LHS
= A' A
� cos � sin � � � cos � � sin � �
=�
� � sin � cos � �� �� sin � cos � ��
� cos � + sin �
2 2
sin � cos � � cos � sin � �
=� �
�sin � cos � � cos � sin � cos � + sin �
2 2

�1 0 �
=� �
�0 1 �
=I
= RHS

� LHS = RHS

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(ii)

LHS
= A' A
� sin � cos � � � sin � � cos � �
=� � � �
� � cos � sin � � �cos � sin � �

� sin � cos � �
A=� �
� � cos � sin � �
� sin � � cos � �
A' = � �
�cos � sin � �
� cos � + sin �
2 2
sin � cos � � cos � sin � �
=� �
�sin � cos � � cos � sin � cos � + sin �
2 2

�1 0 �
=� �
�0 1 �
=I
= RHS

� LHS = RHS

� 1 -1 5 �
� �
7. (i) Show that the matrix A = -1 2 1 is a symmetric matrix
� �
�� 5 1 3 ��

� 0 1 -1�
� �
(ii) Show that the matrix A = �-1 0 1 � is a skew symmetric matrix
�� 1 -1 0 ��

Sol.

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

(i)

�1 �1 5 �

A = � �1 2 1� �
�� 5 1 3��
�1 �1 5 �

A ' = � �1 2 1� �
�� 5 1 3��
� A = A'
Hence, A is a symmetric matrix.

(ii)

�0 1 �1�

A = � �1 0 1� �
�� 1 �1 0 ��
�0 1 �1�

A ' = � �1 0 1� �
�� 1 �1 0 ��
� A' = � A

Hence, A is a skew-symmetric matrix.

8.

�1 5 �
For the matrix A = � � , verify that
�6 7 �

(i) ( A + A') is a symmetric matrix


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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

(ii) ( A - A') is a skew symmetric matrix


Sol.

(i)

�1 5�
A=� �
�6 7�
�1 6�
A' = � �
�5 7�
�1 5 � �1 6 �
( A + A ') = � � +� �
�6 7 � �5 7 �
�2 11�
=� �
�11 14 �
� 2 11�
( A + A ') ' = � �
�11 14 �

� ( A + A ') = ( A + A ') '

Hence, ( A + A ') is a symmetric matrix

(ii)

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�1 5�
A=� �
�6 7�
�1 6�
A' = � �
�5 7�
� 1 5 � �1 6 �
( A � A ') = � � �� �
� 6 7 � �5 7 �
�0 �1�
=� �
�1 0 �
� 0 1�
( A � A ') ' = � �
� �1 0 �
�0 �1�
= �� �
�1 0 �

� ( A + A ') ' = � ( A + A ')

Hence, ( A + A ') is a skew-symmetric matrix

9.

� 0 a b�
1 1
Find ( A + A') and ( A - A' ) , when A = � -a 0 c �
� �
2 2
��-b -c 0 ��

Sol.

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

�0 a b�

A = � �a 0 c� �
�� �b �c 0 ��
�0 �a �b �

A ' = �a 0 �c � �
�� b c 0 ��
�0 a b � � 0 � a �b �

A + A ' = ��a � �
0 c � + � a 0 �c ��
�� �b �c 0 �� �� b c 0 ��
�0 0 0�

= �0 0 0� �
��0 0 0 ��
�0 0 0 �
1
( A + A ') = �0 0 0 �
� �
2
��0 0 0 ��

�0 a b � � 0 �a �b �

A � A ' = � �a 0 � � �
c � � � a 0 �c �
�� �b �c 0 �� �� b c 0 ��
� 0 2a 2b �

= � �2a 0 2c � �
�� �2b �2c 0 ��
� 0 2a 2b �
1 1�
( A � A ') = � �2a 0 2c � �
2 2
�� �2b �2c 0 ��
�0 a b�

= � �a 0 c � �
�� �b �c 0 ��

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

10. Express the following matrices as the sum of a symmetric and a skew symmetric
matrix:

�3 5 �
(i) � �
�1 -1�

� 6 -2 2 �
�-2 3 -1�
(ii) � �
�� 2 -1 3 ��

� 3 3 -1�
�-2 -2 1 �
(iii) � �
��-4 -5 2 ��

� 1 5�
(iv) � �
�-1 2 �

Sol.

(i)

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

�3 5 �
Let A = � �
�1 �1�
�3 1 �
A' = � �
� 5 � 1�
1 1 � �3 5 � � 3 1 � �
( A + A ') = �� � +� � �
2 2 � �1 �1� �5 �1� �
1 �6 6 �
= � �
2 �6 �2 �
�3 3 �
=� �
�3 �1�
1 �3 3 �
Let x = ( A + A ' ) = � �
2 �3 �1�
�3 3 �
x' = � �
�3 �1�
x = x'

1
Thus, x = ( A + A ') is a symmetric matrix
2

1 1 � �3 5 � � 3 1 � �
( A � A ') = �� � �� � �
2 2 � �1 �1� �5 �1� �
1 � 0 4�
= � �
2 � �4 0 �
� 0 2�
=� �
� �2 0 �
1 � 0 2�
Let y = ( A � A ' ) = � �
2 � � 2 0 �
� 0 �2 � � 0 2�
y' = � � = �� �
�2 0 � � �2 0 �
y' = �y

1
Thus, y = ( A � A ') is a skew-symmetric matrix
2

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

Representing A as the sum of P and Q:

�3 3 � � 0 2 �
x+y=� � +� �
�3 �1� � �2 0 �
�3 5 �
=� �
�1 �1�
=A

(ii)

�6 �2 2�

A = � �2 3 �1��
�� 2 �1 3 ��
�6 �2 2�

A ' = � �2 3 �1� �
�� 2 �1 3 ��
� � 6 �2 2 � � 6 �2 2 � �
1 1�� �
( A + A ') = � � �2 3 �1� + � �2 3 �1� �
� � �
2 2� �
��� 2 �1 3 � �
� � 2 �1 3 �
��
�12 �4 4 �
1� �
= � �4 6 �2 �
2
�� 4 �2 6 ��
� 6 �2 2 �

= � �2 3 �1� �
�� 2 �1 3 ��
� 6 �2 2 �
1
Let x = ( A + A ' ) = � �2 3 �1�
� �
2
�� 2 �1 3 ��
� 6 �2 2 �

x ' = � �2 3 �1� �
�� 2 �1 3 ��
x = x'

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1
Thus, x = ( A + A ') is a symmetric matrix
2

� � 6 �2 2 � � 6 �2 2 � �
1 1�� �
( A � A ') = � � �2 3 �1� � ��2 3 �1� �
� � �
2 2� �
��� 2 � 1 3 �
� �� 2 �1 3 �
��
�0 0 0�
1� �
= �0 0 0 �
2
��0 0 0 ��
�0 0 0�

= �0 0 0� �
��0 0 0 ��
�0 0 0�
1
Let y = ( A � A ' ) = �0 0 0 �
� �
2
��0 0 0 ��
�0 0 0�

y ' = �0 0 0� �
��0 0 0 ��
y = �y'

1
Thus, y = ( A � A ') is a skew-symmetric matrix
2

Representing A as the sum of P and Q:

�6 �2 2 � �0 0 0�

x+y = � �2 � �
3 �1� �0 0 0 � �
�� 2 �1 3 �� ��0 0 0 ��
�6 �2 2 �

= � �2 �
3 �1� = A
�� 2 �1 3 ��

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(iii)

�3 3 �1�

A = � �2 �2 1 ��
�� �4 �5 2 ��
�3 �2 �4 �

A' = � 3 �2 �5 ��
�� �1 1 2 ��
�� 3 3 �1� � 3 �2 �4 � �
1 1�� �
( A + A ' ) = � � �2 � � �
�2 1 � + � 3 �2 �5 � �
2 2�
� �� �4
�5 2 �� �� �1 1 2 �� ��
�6 1 �5 �
1� �
= �1 �4 �4 �
2
�� �5
�4 4 ��
� 1 �5 �
�3 2 2�
� �
� 1
= �2 �2 �
�2 �
� �
�5
� �2 2 �
�2 �
� 1 �5 �
�3 2 2 �
� �
1 1
Let x = ( A + A ') = � �2 � 2 �
2 �2 �
� �
� 5
� �2 2 �
�2 �
� 1 �5 �
� 3
2 2�
� �
� 1
x' = �2 �2 �
�2 �
� �
� �5 �2 2�
�2 �
x = x'

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1
Thus, x = ( A + A ') is a symmetric matrix
2

�3 3 �1�

A = � �2 �2 1� �
�� �4 �5 2 ��
�3 �2 �4 �

A' = � 3 �2 �5 ��
�� �1 1 2 ��
�� 3 3�1� � 3 �2 �4 � �
1 1�� �
( A � A ') = � � �2 � � �
�2 1 � � � 3 �2 �5 � �
2 2�
� �4

� �5 2 �� �� �1 1 2 �� ��
�0 5 3�
1� �
= � �5 0 6�
2
�� �3�6 0 ��
� 5 3�
� 0 2 2�
� �
� 5
= � 0 3�
� 2 �
� �
3
�� �3 0 �
� 2 �
� 5 3�
� 0
2 2�
� �
1 5
Let y = ( A � A ') = �
� 0 3�
2 � 2 �
� �
� � 3 �3 0 �
� 2 �
� �5 �3 �
�0 2 2�
� �
� 5
y' = 0 �3 �
�2 �
� �
3
� 3 0�
�2 �
y = �y'

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

1
Thus, y = ( A � A ') is a skew-symmetric matrix
2

Representing A as the sum of P and Q:

� 1 �5 � � 5 3�
� 3 2 2 � � 0
2 2�
� � � �
� 1 � � 5
x+ y = �2 �2 + � 0 3�
� 2 � � 2 �
� � � �
� � 5 �2 2 � � � 3 �3 0 �
� 2 � � 2 �
� 3 3 �1�

= � �2 �2 1 � �
�� �4 �5 2 ��
=A

(iv)

�1 5�
A=� �
� �1 2�
�1 �1�
A' = �
�5 2 ��
1 1 � � 1 5 � �1 �1� �
( A + A ') = � � � +� � �
2 2 � � �1 2 � �5 2 � �
1 �2 4�
= � �
2 �4 4�
�1 2 �
=� �
�2 2�
1 �1 2 �
Let x = ( A + A ') = � �
2 �2 2�
�1 2�
x' = � �
�2 2�
x = x'

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

1
Thus, x = ( A + A ' ) is a symmetric matrix
2

1 1 � � 1 5 � �1 �1� �
( A � A ') = �� � �� � �
2 2 � � �1 2 � �5 2 � �
1 � 0 6�
= � �
2 � �6 0 �
� 0 3�
=� �
� �3 0 �
1 � 0 3�
Let y = ( A � A ') = � �
2 � �3 0 �
�0 �3�
y' = � �
� 3 0 �
y = �y'

1
Thus, y = ( A � A ') is a skew-symmetric matrix
2

Representing A as the sum of P and Q:

�1 2 � � 0 3�
x+ y=� � +� �
�2 2 � � �3 0 �
�1 5�
=� �
� �1 2�
=A

11.
If A, B are symmetric matrices of same order, then AB � BA is a

A. Skew symmetric matrix B. Symmetric matrix

C. Zero matrix D. Identity matrix

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

Sol.

A and B are symmetric matrices,

A' = A
B' = B

( AB � BA) ' = ( AB ) '� ( BA) '


= B ' A '� A ' B '
= BA � AB
= � ( AB � BA )

�( AB � BA) ' = � ( AB � BA)

Thus, (AB � BA) is a skew-symmetric matrix.

The correct answer is A.

12.

�cos� -sin� �
If A = � � , then A + A' = I , if the value of � is
� sin� cos� �

A.
6


B.
3

C. �

3�
D.
2

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

Sol.

�cos � � sin � �
A=� �
� sin � cos � �
� cos � sin � �
A' = � �
� � sin � cos � �
A + A' = I

�cos � � sin � � � cos � sin � � �1 0 �


� sin � cos � � + � � sin � cos � � = �0 1 �
� � � � � �
� 2cos � 0 � �1 0 �
� 0 � =� �
� 2cos � � �0 1 �

On comparing the corresponding elements

2cos � = 1
1
cos � =
2

cos � = cos
3

�=
3
The correct answer is B.

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

Exercise- 3.4
1.

Find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists.

�1 -1�
�2 3 �
� �
Sol.

� 1 �1�
A=� �
�2 3 �
A = IA
� 1 �1� �1 0 �
� 2 3 � = �0 1 � A
� � � �
R2 � R2 � 2 R1
�1 �1� � 1 0 �
� 0 5 � = � �2 1 � A
� � � �
1
R2 � R2
5
� 1 0�
�1 �1� �
=
�0 1 � � � 2 1 � A

� �
� 5 5�
R2 � R1 + R2
� 3 1�
�1 0 � � 5 5�
�0 1 � = � 2 1�
�A
� � ��
�� 5 5 ��
� 3 1�
� 5 5 �
A =�
�1

�� 2 1 �
�� 5 5 ��

2.

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

Find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists.

� 2 1�
�1 1�
� �

Sol.

� 2 1�
A=� �
�1 1�
A = IA
� 2 1� �1 0 �
�1 1� = �0 1 � A
� � � �
R1 � R1 � R2
�1 0 � �1 �1�
�1 1 � = �0 1 � A
� � � �
R2 � R2 � R1
�1 0 � � 1 �1�
�0 1 � = � �1 2 � A
� � � �
� 1 �1�
A =�
�1

� �1 2 �

3.

Find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists.

�1 3�
�2 7�
� �

Sol.

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

�1 3�
A=� �
�2 7�
A = AI
�1 3 � �1 0 �
� 2 7 � = �0 1� A
� � � �
R2 � R2 � 2 R1

� 1 3� � 1 0 �
�0 1� = � �2 1 � A
� � � �
R1 � R1 � 3R2
�1 0 � � 7 �3�
�0 1 � = � �2 1 � A
� � � �
� 7 �3�
A =�
�1

� �2 1 �

4.

Find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists.

�2 3�
�5 7 �
� �

Sol.

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

�2 3�
A=� �
�5 7 �
A = IA
� 2 3 � �1 0 �
�5 7 � = �0 1� A
� � � �
1
R1 � R1
2

� 3� �1 �
1 0�
� 2� = �2 A
� � � �
�5 7 � � 0 1�
R2 � R2 � 5 R1
� 3� � 1 �
� 1 0
2 �=� 2 �
� � � �A
�0 �1 � � 5
� 1�
�� 2 �� �� 2 ��

R1 � R1 + 3R2
� 1 0 � � �7 3 �
� � 1 � = � 5 � A
�0 � �� 1�
� 2� � 2 �
R2 � �2 R1
� 1 0 � � �7 3 �
� 0 1 � = � 5 �2 � A
� � � �
� �7 3 �
A =�
�1

� 5 �2 �

5. Find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists.

�2 1�
�7 4 �
� �

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

Sol.

�2 1�
A=� �
�7 4 �
A = IA
� 2 1 � �1 0 �
�7 4 � = �0 1 � A
� � � �
1
R1 � R1
2
� 1� �1 �
�1 2 � = � 2 0� A
� � � �
�7 4 � � 0 1 �
R2 � R2 � 7 R1
� 1� � 1 �
�1 2 � � 2 0�
� �=� �A
�0 1 � � �7 1�
�� 2 �� �� 2 ��
R1 � R1 � R2
�1 0 � � 4 �1�
� 1 � = � �7 �A
�0 � � 1�
� 2� � 2 �
R2 � 2 R2
�1 0 � � 4 �1�
�0 1 � = � �7 2 � A
� � � �
� 4 �1�
A =�
�1

� �7 2 �

6. Find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists.

�2 5�
�1 3�
� �
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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

Sol.

� 2 5�
A=� �
� 1 3�
A = IA
� 2 5� �1 0�
� 1 3� = � 0 �
1�
A
� � �
1
R1 = R1
2
� 5� �1 �
1
� 2� = �2 0�
A
� � � �
�1 3 � � 0 1�
R2 = R2 � R1
� 5� � 1 �
� 1 � � 0 �
2 = 2
� � � �A
�0 1 � � � 1 1�
�� 2 �� �� 2 ��
R1 = R1 � 5R2
�1 0 � � 3 �5 �
� 1 � = � 1 �A
�0 � �� 1�
� 2� � 2 �
R2 = 2 R2
�1 0 � � 3 �5�
� 0 1 � = � �1 2 � A
� � � �
� 3 �5�
A =�
�1

� �1 2 �

7. Find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists.

�3 1�
�5 2�
� �
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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

Sol.

�3 1 �
A=� �
�5 2 �
A = IA
�3 1 � �1 0 �
�5 2 � = � 0 1 � A
� � � �
C1 � C1 � 2C2
�1 1 � � 1 0 �
�1 2 � = � �2 1 � A
� � � �
C2 � C2 � C1
�1 0 � � 1 �1�
�1 1 � = � �2 3 � A
� � � �
C1 � C1 � C2
�1 0 � � 2 �1�
� 0 1 � = � �5 3 � A
� � � �
� 2 �1�
A =�
�1

� �5 3 �

8. Find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists.

�4 5�
�3 4�
� �
Sol.

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

�4 5�
A=� �
�3 4�
A = IA
� 4 5 � �1 0 �
� 3 4� = �0 1 � A
� � � �
R1 � R1 � R2
�1 1 � �1 �1�
�3 4 � = � 0 1 � A
� � � �
R2 � R2 � 3R1
�1 1� � 1 �1�
�0 1� = � �3 4 � A
� � � �
R1 � R1 � R2
�1 0 � � 4 �5�
�0 1 � = � �3 4 � A
� � � �

9. Find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists.

� 3 10 �
�2 7 �
� �

Sol.

� 3 10 �
A=� �
�2 7 �
A = IA
� 3 10 � �1 0 �
� 2 7 � = �0 1 � A
� � � �
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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

R1 � R1 � R2
� 1 3 � �1 �1�
� 2 7 � = �0 1 � A
� � � �
R2 � R2 � 2 R1
�1 3� � 1 �1�
�0 1� = � �2 3 � A
� � � �
R1 � R1 � 3R2
�1 0 � � 7 �10 �
�0 1 � = � �2 3 � A
� � � �
� 7 �10 �
A =�
�1

� �2 3 �

10.

Find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists.

� 3 -1�
� -4 2 �
� �

Sol.

� 3 �1�
A=� �
� �4 2 �
A = IA
� 3 �1� �1 0 �
� �4 2 � = � 0 1 � A
� � � �

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

C1 � C1 + 2C2
�1 �1� � 1 0 �
�0 2 � = � 2 1 � A
� � � �
C2 � C2 + C1
�1 0 � � 1 1�
�0 2 � = � 2 �
3�
A
� � �
1
C2 � C2
2
� 1�
1
�1 0 � � 2� A
�0 1 � = � 3�

� � �2
�� 2 ��
� 1�
� 1 �
A =�
�1 2

�2 3 �
�� 2 ��

11.

Find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists.

� 2 -6�
�1 -2�
� �

Sol.

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

� 2 -6 �
A=� �
� 1 -2 �
A = IA
� 2 -6 � �1 0 �
� 1 -2 � = � 0 1 � A
� � � �
C2 � C2 + 3C1
� 2 0 � � 1 3�
� 1 1 � = � 0 1� A
� � � �
C1 � C1 � C2
� 2 0 � � �2 3 �
� 0 1 � = � �1 1 � A
� � � �
1
C1 � C1
2
� �1 3 �
�1 0 � �
=
�0 1 � � 1
� A
� � � 1�
� 2 �
� �1 3 �
A =� 1
�1 �
�� 1�
� 2 �

12. Find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists.

� 6 -3 �
� -2 1 �
� �

Sol.

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

� 6 �3�
A=� �
� �2 1 �
A = IA
� 6 �3 � � 1 0�
� �2 1 � = � 0 �
1�
A
� � �
1
R1 � R1
6
� 1� �1 �
� 1 � 2� = �6 0�
A
� � � �
� �2 1 � � 0 1�
R2 � R2 + 2 R1
�1 �
� 1� � 0�
1 � 6
� 2 =�
� �A
� � �1 �
� 0 0 � � 1
�3 ��

We can see all the zeros in the second row of the matrix on the L.H.S.

Therefore, A�1 does not exist.

13. Find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists.

� 2 -3 �
� -1 2 �
� �

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

� 2 �3�
A=� �
� �1 2 �
A = IA
� 2 �3 � � 1 0 �
� �1 2 � = � 0 1 � A
� � � �
R1 � R1 + R2
� 1 �1� �1 1�
� �1 2 � = � 0 1� A
� � � �
R2 � R2 + R1
�1 �1� �1 1 �
�0 1 � = �1 2 � A
� � � �
R1 � R1 + R2
�1 0 � � 2 3 �
�0 1 � = �1 2 � A
� � � �
�2 3�
A =�
�1

�1 2 �

14. Find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists.

�2 1�
�4 2�
� �
Sol.

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

We can see all the zeros in the first row of the matrix on the L.H.S.

Therefore, A�1 does not exist.

15.

Find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists.

� 2 -3 3 �
�2 2 3�
� �
�� 3 -2 2 ��

Sol.

� 2 �3 3 �

A = �2 2 3� �
�� 3 �2 2 ��
A = IA
� 2 �3 3 � �1 0 0 �
� 2 2 3 � = �0 1 0 � A
� � � �
�� 3 �2 2 �� ��0 0 1 ��
R2 � R2 � R1
� 2 �3 3 � � 1 0 0 �
� 0 5 0 � = � �1 1 0 � A
� � � �
�� 3 �2 2 �� �� 0 0 1 ��

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

1
R2 � R2
5
� 1 0 0�
� 2 �3 3 � � �
�0 1 0� = �� 1 1
0� A
� � � 5 5 �
�� 3 �2 2 �� �
� 0 0 1 ��
R1 � R1 � R3

� 1 0 �1�
� �1 �1 1 � � �
� 0 1 0� = �� 1 1
0�A
� � � 5 5 �
�� 3 �2 2 �� �
� 0 0 1 ��
R1 � R1 + R2
R3 � R3 + 2 R2

� 4 1 �
� 5 �1�
� �1 0 1 � � 5

� 0 1 0� = �� 1 1 �
0 A
� � � 5 5 �
�� 3 0 2 �� � �
� �2 2
1�
� 5 5 �
R3 � R3 + 3R1
� 4 1 �
� 5 �1�
� �1 0 1 � � 5

� 0 1 0� = �� 1 1
0 A�
� � � 5 5 �
�� 0 0 5 �� � �
� 2 1 �2 �
� �

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

1
R3 � R3
5
� 4 1 �
� 5 �1 �
� �1 0 1 � � 5

� 0 1 0� = �� 1 1
0 �A
� � � 5 5 �
�� 0 0 1 �� � �
� 2 1 2�

� 5 5 5�
R1 � R1 � R3
� 2 3�
� 5 0 � �
� �1 0 0 � � 5

� 0 1 0� = �� 1 1
0 A�
� � � 5 5 �
�� 0 0 1 �� � �
� 2 1

2�
� 5 5 5�

R1 � � R1
� 2 3 �
�� 5 0 5 �
�1 0 0 � � �
�0 1 0� = � � 1 1 0 �A
� � � 5 5 �
�� 0 0 1 �� � �
� 2 1 2�

� 5 5 5�
� 2 3 �
�� 5 0 5 �
� �
� 1 1 �
A = �
�1
0
� 5 5 �
� �
� 2 1 � 2�
� 5 5 5�

16.

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

Find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists.

� 1 3 -2�
�-3 0 -5�
� �
�� 2 5 0 ��

Sol.

� 1 3 �2�

A = � �3 0 �5��
�� 2 5 0 ��
A = IA
� 1 3 �2 � �1 0 0 �
� �3 0 �5� = �0 1 0 � A
� � � �
�� 2 5 0 �� ��0 0 1 ��

R2 � R2 + 3R1

R3 � R3 � 2R1,

�1 3 �2 � � 1 0 0 �
�0 9 �11� = � 3 1 0 � A
� � � �
��0 �1 4 �� �� �2 0 1 ��
R1 � R1 + 3R3
R2 � R2 + 8R3
�1 0 10 � � �5 0 3�
�0 1 21� = � �13 1 8� A
� � � �
��0 �1 4 �� �� �2 0 1��

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

R3 � R3 + R2
�1 0 10 � � �5 0 3�
�0 1 21� = � �13 �
1 8� A
� � �
��0 0 25�� �� �15 1 9 ��
1
R3 � R3
25
� �
�1 0 10 � � �5 0 3�
�0 1 21� = � �13 1

8 �A
� � �
��0 0 1 �� � 3 1 9�
�� �
� 5 25 25 �

R1 � R1 � 10 R3
R2 � R2 � 21R3
� 2 3�
� 1 � � �
5 5
�1 0 0 � � �
�0 1 0 � = � � 2 4 11 �
A
� � � 5 25 25 �
�� 0 0 1 �� � �
�� 3 1 9 �
� 5 25 25 �

� 2 3�
� 1 � � �
5 5
� �
� 2 4 11 �
A = �
�1
� 5 25 25 �
� �
�� 3 1 9 �
� 5 25 25 �

17.

Find the inverse of each of the matrices, if it exists.

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

� 2 0 -1�
�5 1 0 �
� �
�� 0 1 3 ��

Sol.

� 2 0 �1�

A = �5 1 0 � �
�� 0 1 3 ��
A = IA
� 2 0 �1� �1 0 0 �
�5 1 0 � = �0 1 0� A
� � � �
�� 0 1 3 �� �� 0 0 1 ��
1
R1 � R1
2

� 1� �1 �
� 1 0 � � � 0 0 �
2 2
� � � �
�5 1 0 � = � 0 1 0� A
�0 1 3 � � 0 0 1 �
� � � �
� � � �
R2 � R2 � 5R1
� 1� � 1 �
�1 0 � 2 � � 2 0 0 �
� � � �
�0 1 5 � = � �5 1 0 � A
� 2 � �2 �
� � � �
� 0 1 3 � � 0 0 1 �
� � � �

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

R3 � R3 � R2
� 1� � 1 �
� 1 0 � � � 0 0�
2 2
� � � �
�0 1 5 � = � �5 1 0 A�
� 2 � �2 �
� � � �
�0 0 1 5
� � �1 1 �
� 2 � �2 �
R3 � 2 R3

� 1� � 1 �
� 1 0 � � � 0 0 �
2 2
� � � �
� 5 � � �5 �
\ 0 1 = 1 0 A
� 2 � �2 �
� � � �
� 0 0 1 � � 5 �2 2 �
� � � �
1
R1 � R1 + R3
2
5
R2 � R2 � R3
2

�1 0 0 � � 3 �1 1 �
�0 1 0 � = � �15 6 �5� A
� � � �
��0 0 1 �� �� 5 �2 2 ��
� 3 �1 1 �

A = � �15 6 �5�
�1 �
�� 5 �2 2 ��

18.

Matrices A and B will be inverse of each other only if

A. AB = BA

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Mathematics Class 12 NCERT Solutions

C. AB = 0, BA = I

B. AB = BA = 0

D. AB = BA = I

Sol.

If A is a square matrix of order m,

If there exists another square matrix B of the same order m, such that AB = BA = I,

Then, B = A �1

In this case, it is clear that A is the inverse of B.

Thus, matrices A and B will be inverses of each other only if AB = BA = I.

Correct option is D

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