Culture… part 2

Prof. Arniel Mantiza Iway, Ph.D.

This trap is called “comfort”

Relativism Cultural relativism

The doctrine that
knowledge, truth, and
morality exist in relation to
culture, society, or historical
context, and are not
absolute.
Cultural relativism means that
there is no singular truth on
which to base ethical or moral
behavior, as our interpretations
of truths are influenced by our
own culture.

“Moral values are Cultural relativism

conventions
created by the
society rather than
absolute truths”
- Protagoras

1
 However, there are
truths that never
Ethical relativism
change with time
and space

Universal Values Universal values

the same value or are possible with
worth for all, or almost the use of
all, people
conscience

“Conscience is the
unconscious ability to
recognize moral
significance”

“Conscience is an inner conviction that

something is right or wrong”

2
 “the super ego” the
conscience
- Sigmund Freud

along with ID and Ego

Sigmund Freud
• ID “the instinct made up of the
unconscious psychic energy that
works to satisfy basic urges, needs,
and desires”
• Ego “the psychological component,
the decision-maker, the self”
• super ego “the internalized ideals”