Obligations

- Must, musn’t and have to describe obligations E.G. Rules

- Don’t / Doesn’t have to describe actions which are voluntary

Who says?

- Have to and must often used interchangeably, but actually:

- Have to is for external obligations (E.G. the government)
- Must is for internal obligations (E.G. Your personal rules)

A bare infinitive

- All modal verbs, including have to and must, are followed by a bare infinitive verb.

Have to

- Modal verbs don’t change for person or time

- Have to does (E.G. have to, doesn’t have to, had to)

Can for permission

- Can I sit there?

Can for a request

- Can Dad pick me up from school today?

Can for a possibility

- We can’t be lost! We’ve got a map!

Can for an ability

- I can hold my breath for two minutes

Can / Can’t

- Many uses:

- Permissions
- Requests / Offers
- Possibility / Impossibility
- Abilities
- Typical behaviour
- Context!
 Can and sense verbs

- Sense verbs: See, hear, smell, taste, feel

- Not usually used continuously for perception
- Use can to mean ‘Now’
The bus is coming! I can see it!

Can’t help + ing

- Unable to resit despite trying

I can’t help eating cake

Modals verbs

- Can
- Could
- May
- Might
- Must
- Will
- Would
- Shall
- Should

Should

- Should I get the cheap one or the expensive one?

That’s should to ask for advice or make a suggestion.

- She’s out but she shouldn’t be much longer

That’s should for something probable or expected

- Everyone should wear a seat-belt when driving

Should / Shouldn’t

- Many uses:

- Offer advice
- Make suggestions
- Probability
- Obligations

- Activity, bring 3 sentences of each modal verb.