|-Term Examination, Session 2018-19 B.Tech (EC) Year IV" Optical Communication and Networks (ECE-8001) Time : 90 Min Max. Marks: 20 ‘tion- A Note: Attempt All Five Questions... 1x5=5 marks (I) What is the necessary condition for light to travel in optical fiber? (Il) Provide the relationship between numerical aperture and relative refractive index difference. (II) Describe the term ‘modes’ in optical fiber cable. (IV) A silica optical fiber with core refractive index and cladding refractive index are 1.47 and 1.45 respectively, calculate the critical and acceptance angle for the fiber. (V) List two important advantages of optical fiber communication over digital communication. Section- B Note: Attempt Any Three Questions. 2x3 =6 marks (1) _ Briefly describe linear scattering losses in optical fiber with regard to Mie scattering loss. (Il) A step index fiber in air has a numerical aperture of 0.16, a core refractive index of 1.45 and a core diameter of 601m. Determine the normalized frequency for the fiber when light at a wavelength of 0.9um is transmitted. Further, estimate the number of guided modes propagating in the fiber.(IID) The mean optical power launched into.an optical fiber link is 1.5 mW and the fiber has an attenuation of 0.5 dB km! Determine the maximum possible link length without repeaters (assuming lossless connectors) when the minimum mean optical power level required at the detector is 2 pW. (IV) Explain what is meant by the critical bending radius for an optical fiber. Section- C Note: Att Three Questions. 3x3=9 marks (1) Describe the mechanism for the transmission of light within an optical fiber, using simple ray theory. Show how this is related to the fiber numerical aperture and the refractive indices for the fiber core and cladding. (I) A graded index fiber with a core axis refractive index of 1.5 has a characteristic index profile (a) of 1.90, a relative refractive index difference of 1.3% and a core diameter of 40m. Estimate the number of guided modes propagating in the fiber when the transmitted light has a wavelength of 1.55um, and determine the cutoff value of the normalized frequency for single-mode transmission in the fiber. (III) Describe with the aid of simple ray diagrams: (a) the multimode step index fiber; (b) the single-mode step index fiber. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of these two types of fiber for use as an optical channel. (IV) Describe the elements of optical Communication system and give the significance of each elements.University Roll No... First Term Examination, 2018-19 B.Tech. IV Year, VIII Semester Sub: Spread Spectrum System Sub code: ECE 8021 Time: 1% Hrs. Max Marks: 20 SECTION-A Attempt all Questions. (1x55) 1. Define Processing Gain for a direct sequence spread spectrum system. 2. Justify the statement “Spread Spectrum is preferred for high data rate communication” 3. Draw the graph between power spectral density and bandwidth of spread spectrum signal and interference. 4. List the main advantages of spread spectrum system. 5. What are the main types of frequency hoped spread spectrum? SECTION -B Attempt any three questions. (2x3=6) 1. Discuss the main transceiver block diagram of spread spectrum communication system. 2. Discuss the concept of jamming margin 3. Draw & explain the operation of transceiver of FHSS communication system. 4. Calculate the jamming margin of DSSS system iff the processing gain is 30dB, acceptable SNR is 10 dB and system loss is 3 dB.SECTION -C Attempt any three questions. (3x3=9) 1, Evaluate the performance of direct sequence spread spectrum system along with mathematical expressions. 2. Justify the statement that “spread spectrum shows high tolerance against interference” 3. Describe the concept of frequency follower jammer for FHSS system. 4. Consider a DS/BPSK spread spectrum transmitter shown in the Fig. 1. Let d(t) be a binary sequence 1101 arriving at a rate of 100 bps, where left most bit is the earliest bit. Let c(t) be the pseudorandom binary sequence 100110111000 with a clock rate of 300 Hz. Assuming a bipolar signaling scheme with a binary ‘0’ and binary ‘1’ represented by a signal levels ‘1’ and ‘+1’, respectively: (a) Find the final transmitted binary sequence corresponding to the bipolar signal sequence. (®) Find the bandwidth of the transmitted spread signal inary ‘o-bipalar | [Winary urbe | taenonn Eo} b ‘2 & WSK PC) | Piguet DSSSUBPSK StourFirst Mid-Term Examination, 2018-2019 Title of Paper: VLSI Testing& Testability Paper Code: ECE 8022 Time: 90 Min. Max. Marks: 20 Branch: 8* sem, EC SECTION A Note: Answer all questions. su ri 1. m1. W. ‘As a VLSI Testing engineer how will you define Test Escape and Yield loss? How Fault modelling is different from fault simulation? Differentiate Defect, Error and Fault. Apply the concept of singular cover on NAND and NOR gate and find the reduced truth table. In D Automatic test pattern generation (ATPG) Algorithm, how J Frontier is different from D frontier SECTION B Note: Answer any three questions. 2x36 With suitable example explain D-algorithm for Automatic test pattern generation (ATPG) Apply both fault equivalence and dominance on OR.NAND and NOR gate and calculate the fault collapse ratio. What are tite different phases of path sensitization method? Apply path sensitization method to generate the test vector for circuit given below. Page tofIV. With suitable example differentiate the term fault equivalence and fault dominance. SECTION C Note: Answer any three questions. 3x39 1. Using the concept of fault equivalence and fault dominance find the collapse ratio in circuit shown below. a ola any co Il. Apply the concept of Boolean difference method and generate the test vector for s-a-0 fault at x1 input. Page 2of 1PEF x IIL. Using the concept of parallel fault simulation compute the list of fault detected by given circuit. (CO2) @ IV. Apply the concept of deductive fault simulation, Find the list of fault detected at output u(CO3) Page 30f 2Printed Pages:02 First Mid-Term Examination, Even Semester 2018-19 Programm: B.Tech Branch: EC Year: IV Subject Name: Multicarrier Comm. Sub. Code: ECE 8041 Time: 90 Min. Max. Marks: 20 SECTION-A Attempt ALL Questions. 5x1 =5 Marks I. _ Define coherence frequency for multipath channels. II. How we can say a wireless channel is said to be time selective? III. Write the applications of the multicarrier techniques used in 4G systems. IV. Write down the distribution at which has at least one stationary dominant component. V. What do you understand by non-selective fading channel? SECTION -B Attempt any THREE questions. 3x2 = 6 Marks I. _ Discuss multipath delay profile with the help of suitable diagram. Ii. Analyze and compare the error performance in fading channels with and without diversity reception technique. TIl. State space-time correlation function and give its significance in multicarrier systems. IV. Calculate the coherence time by using the popular thumb rule for a vehicle travelling 50 m/s using a 1.9GHz carrier.SECTION -C Attempt any THREE questions, 3x3 = 9 Marks |. Why multicarrier systems are necessary for 4G systems. Give suitable examples. IL. Give the concept of Rayleigh and Ricean fading channels with suitable mathematical expressions. Til. Differentiate between frequency selective and frequency non selective fading channel. TV. A wideband channel has following power delay profile: Delay (micro-sec) Power level(dB) 0.0 1.0 0.8 4.0 05 3.0 1.6 7.0 Calculate mean excess delay, RMS delay spread and coherence bandwidth for this channel.Printed Pages: 1 University Roll No. ee st Mid-Term Examination, Even Semester 2018-19 Program: B. Tech. Branch: ECE Year: Fourth Subject: RF Integrated Circuits, Subject Code: ECE 6121 Time: 90 Min Max. Marks: 20 Section- A Note: Attempt All Questions. Ix 5 =5 marks (1) Whatis cause of harmonic generation in a RF circuit? (11) What type of reactive behavior is observed in a parallel RLC circuit at very low frequency? (Il) Define PI dB. (IV) Why impedance matching is very much necessary in a RF circuit? (V)_ Why third order intermodulation products are difficult to remove? Section- B Note: Attempt Any Three Questions. 2.x 3=6 matks (1) | Write mean square noise current for flicker noise in MOSFET and hence draw its variation with respect to frequency. How the flicker noise can be minimized in MOSFET? (I) Draw the variation of magnitude and phase of total impedance of a series RLC with respect to frequency. (111) Compare the behavior of channel thermal noise in long channel and short channel MOSFET. (IV) Show that in parallel RLC circuit the currents in a L and C branches at resonance are Q times of source current. What precautions should be taken care for this in layout design? Note: Attempt Any Three Questions. 3x3=9 marks ()__ Derive the relation for series to parallel R-L conversion and comment on results in context of impedance transformation. (1) Match 50 Q to 100 Q at 900 MHz frequency with a low pass matching circuit . (IM) Justify that quality factor cannot be controlled through with L match but quality factor can be chosen arbitrarily in three element matching (IV) Match 200 Q to 50 © at frequency of 2.4 GHz with quality factor of 10. sait. -23