Research Instrument

The instrument used in this study in order to gather data is survey

questionnaire. A set of questionnaire for students adapted by the researchers is

divided into three sections. Section A consists demographic profiles of the

respondents. Section B consists of 11 questions regarding the student’s

experiences towards Islamophobia which is the Perceived Daily Discrimination

Scale adapted from Williams et al. (1997) and the Religious Discriminaion Scale

of Allen et al. (2018) and a scale of 1-2-3-4-5 will be used with the number

representing responses of ‘always, ‘frequenly’, ‘sometimes’ ‘rarely’ and ‘never’.

Section C consists the Collective Self-Esteem Scale adapted by the

reseearchers from Luhtanen & Crooker (1992). A scale of 1-2-3-4-5-6-7

representing responses of ‘Strongly Disagree’, ‘Disagree’, ‘Somewhat Disagree’,

‘Neutral’, ‘Agree’, ‘Somewhat Agree’ and ‘Strongly Agree’ in order to measure the

four types of self-esteem: Membership Esteem, Private Collective Self-Esteem,

Public Collective Self-Esteem and Importance to Identity.

Draft Questionnaire

Disclaimer: I tried to find the nearest and the most convincing

questionnaire that’s more relevant to the sub variables of Islamophobia and this

is best that I’ve got huhu

Name (Optional): Gender: _Female _Male

School: Age:

1 2 3 4 5

never rarely sometimes frequently always

Items Ratings

1) You have been discriminated because of your religion. 1 2 3 4 5

2) People act as if they were afraid of you. 1 2 3 4 5

3) People act as if they think you are not good as they are. 1 2 3 4 5

4) People assumed negative things because of your religion 1 2 3 4 5

5) You felt socially avoided because of your religion. 1 2 3 4 5

6) You heard people making unfriendly remarks about your religion. 1 2 3 4 5

7) Others hold negative stereotypes of people with your religion (e.g (terrorists). 1 2 3 4 5

8) You were passed over for opportunities due to your religion. 1 2 3 4 5

9) People act as if they think you are dishonest. 1 2 3 4 5

10) You are called names or insulted. 1 2 3 4 5

11) You are threatened or harassed. 1 2 3 4 5

 Strongly Disagree Agree Agree Strongly
Disagree Neutral
Agree Somewhat Somewhat Agree
1 2 3 4 5 6 7

SA D DS N AS A SA

1. I am a worthy member of the social groups I belong to. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

2. I often regret that I belong to some of the social groups I 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

do.
3. Overall, my social groups are considered good by others. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

4. Overall, my group memberships have very little to do with 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

how I feel about myself.
5. I feel I don't have much to offer to the social groups I 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
belong to.
6. In general, I'm glad to be a member of the social groups I 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
belong to.
7. Most people consider my social groups, on the average, to 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
be more ineffective than other social groups.
8. The social groups I belong to are an important reflection of 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
who I am.
9. I am a cooperative participant in the social groups I belong 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
to.
10. Overall, I often feel that the social groups of which I am a 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
member are not worthwhile.
11. In general, others respect the social groups that I am a 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
member of.
12. The social groups I belong to are unimportant to my sense 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
of what kind of a person I am.
13. I often feel I'm a useless member of my social groups. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

14. I feel good about the social groups I belong to. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

15. In general, others think that the social groups I am a 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

member of are unworthy.
16. In general, belonging to social groups is an important part 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
of my self image.