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the international phonetic alphabet (2005) consonants [usa Tab [Aveo] (pulmonic) | sists | $255; | ben RroP [raat | ver | Unto Neosat D N Posve cy |kgiqe Fricatve saicilxyix, Approximant i uy Top. ap Ya R Lateral x t freatve teal oa | spproximane Lateral ap whee lpr ipa the es hr epee oy ns xe or arm Sta areas denote articulations ge ob imposible consonants (non-pulmonic) consonants (co-articulated) —_ brackets ticks mplosives | _ejectives: ‘M_ Voiceless labialized velar approximant —_/morphophonemic/! © sil ete 6 nite examples! W Voiced labalized velar approximant phonemic! | URtsedCSereary | Shear’ | P” sli Y Voiced abilized palatal approximant [phonetic] 4} Apletnoaaveolts | c{ retrofex| t’ Settle") 6] simukaneous x and fferistence dlsped) Corthopraphic) 1) sawed eroten | fatal | K velar crmipetete | vac [af yg, | Mieterandnbe aca ‘Sbrape pint ite | estat DE untae |g? abesur | gh "aybedoinedby atietar ‘ricated ("lateral") i fricative vowels. suprasegmentals (tone) Front Neartont Central Nesebsck Back " primary stress" Extrastress leveltones—_cantour tones (e.g.) close i iq UWL pL Secondarystress [foona'tyfan] 8 Vo top BA ising ear ove 8 +8 © Long @ wniklong 6 1 gh Valin coema @46—s\e—vto € shot — & eatroshor E41 md & A wighrising mad > - syllabletresk tha uinking 8 dow Bd tow etaing Openmd eho ° Intonation mobresk) 3 J nottom & Y sigh ling searopen | sino fo bres toneterrcing 2-1 tow ling open Na ialy jf vomeumonney va T uptep BA Peaking Vowetetrigh 8 kftofbultsoreoundedunrounded. 7 Globalrise —‘Y Globalfal ——* Downstep & M_oipping diacritics Pistti+ may be moved tt aleterasforg. other eters may be wed a darts of phonetic deta «fective release), breathy voice) m(lttalzed),"(epenthetic sch), = (of de), (compressed), 1g _| syllabic nd [soeaee [EB | oental EY d™ | tabiatized 2 [rowsytatic [gd [HOI Ted | apt UA | alate’ th At [eeretaspirated [11 a | Breathy voice [t d | Laminal t¥ d¥ | velarized GP _[rasareene [18 | cesy voice [tera [0 9 [set eo imae* [ad ER [Lowered (Bisatulatial approximant) ‘Advanced t'd™ | Pharyngealized Retracted [Pe [See Toad centralized — [OO | NOE ined Raised (d isavoiced alvcolarnon-shlantfcative, [active tril Linguolabial

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