aes Every Ink of Grand the unique tree path between its nodes consti Unie foe. This lop sealed the Fundamental lop associated withthe Tink Consider ink I which connects nodes Land 2. There 3 unique tree path een I ane 2. This path, together with the nk, constitutes a Toop. There cannot be anyother loop. “The Inear algebraic equations obtained by applying KVL to each Fundamental lop consute» st of ng my 1 Tnety independent equations. Reference direction for the loop which agrees with that ofthe Unk defring the loop a Pees here Vs Tink vlage vector, Vp is tee branch voltage veeter. In mati form % Me 100 o}|% o10 1 0 dot ally % eee ead “Thetinks Gi (1,4,6} forthe chosen tee Gr (2.3.5). The Fundamental loop sets ae Guy = (1,2,3) Gia = (45,3) Gis = (6.2.3.5). Ife apply KVL to che Fundamental oops, we obtain Vin ° Move ° ee a 2B isan my — ne + 1 mp matrix cle the Fundamental loop mate nl Py av=[1F) “ “The number of Fundamental loop equations a. — mq +1 (number of | link).M ‘cate ofthe Fundarental sch that the ees are Fundamental “There ae 3 meshes. Corresponding lop sts and mesh cures (lop caren) Gun = (1.2.3) and ign Gus = 3,8,8) adi ies (2.4.8) atl ia Temade up of links ad of ene tree branch, namely the tree Branch which defines the cut Set. Every tee branch dines ungue Fundamental eat where Fa ef sis is branch current vector and int Hina inal” mesh cuen vector. ey Ire apply KCL tothe three ut sets, we obtain bthtie o brhtark = 0 thts ° Which ate called Fundamental cutse equations. Reference cretion for ‘he cut set which agree with that of the tee branch defining the cuts TTLh where js ink eure veetr nd i ree earch current vector a tat or ‘Proof: Since they are the tee-branch voltage of he tee, the branch voages are given by Fundamental Cut-set ae is called the Fundamental cust mati. @ tan mp — ny + 1% p= 2 (@ har = rank ny ~ 1 includes the unt mati Hence the lies slgebraie ‘qustions obtained by applying KCL to each Fundamental ext set anrete 4st of me inet inéepencens equations,