11 Gravity and the Solar System Worksheet Use Nevion's First Law of Motion to describe how a plant would move ifthe inward fore of gravity fom the sun were 1 to suddenly disappear. ‘where Fis the force of attraction between masses m, and m, sepersted by distance 4, and G is 6.67% 10 Nm Calculate the weight of a $0.0 kg mass on the moon using Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation, (The mass ofthe rmo9n is epproximately 7.36 * 10" kg; the radius is 1.738 » 10°m.) pe GM Gh Tei. $D- 7 36xj0 1 e {} 13é% 70%) * BLN Now calculate the weight of the $0.0 kg mass on the moon using the special case of Newton's Second Lew you derived in Unit 6 (F,vmg). The acceleration due to gravity on the moon is about 1/6 that of earth 7K) ELT N ‘Your answers to questions 2 and 3 should be very similar, as you simply used different techniques to calculate the same quantity. (©2008 by 6, Mrnder- wings ag Us 11: Gai endtb Slr SomMASS AND DISTANCE CHANGES AND THEIR GRAVITATIONAL EFFECTS Changing the mass ofan object or its distance from another object wil affect the gravitational force that attracts the two objects By substituting changes in any of the variables into the equation for the Law of Universal Gravitetion, we can predict how the others change. ‘Suppose the distance of separation is reduced to one-third ofits former value, Then substituting 1/8 d for d inthe equation gives: Gm, _ Ginn. 1 lias Tp: le G a 9 And we sec the force is increased ninefold EF. Suppose that the distance did not change, but one of the masses somehow is doubled. Then substituting 2m for m, in the G2mm, x, = Some) ‘equation gives: = (i 2K, So we soe the force doubles. Filly suppose that the distance of teparation is doubled. Then subsitaing 2d for @ in the equation gives Gmm, _ Gm, _1 mi 1 rer Ty? = 7 a (2d) 4d 4 4 And we see the force is only 14 as much, Use thie method to solve the following problems. Write the equation and make the appropriate substitutions. 4. both marae ip wht happens tothe foe? DI 7 \ Gam £Gx) alee 5. temas ere not changed butte guns of iin is ede to 28th sgl Sane, what happens he free Hi Gri. gq 8. fone of the masses is doubled, the other remains unchanged; and the distance of separation is quadrupled, show what happens tothe force. Ut 1: rly ante Slr Son (22000876. Meader awineinghye omCALCULATING THE WEIGHT OF AN OBJECT IN ORBIT One can use the Law of Universal Gravitation to calculate the weight of an orbiting object. The masses used in tho calculation sre those ofthe orbiting object and the planet. The distance used isthe distance from the center ofthe creting object othe center ‘of the planet, This means that you must add the radius of the planet to the altitude of the orbiting body. It is also important that you use meters forthe distance, nat kilometers or any other such unit, EXAMPLE: 415.0 kg object orbits the planet Mars aan altitude of 200m. Whats the weight of te object if Mars has a radius of 3.430 km dand a mass of 6.34 10° kg? METHOD: First, change all distances into meters. One kilometer is equal 0 1,000 meters, 0: the alGiwde is 200 om x Now you must add the sititude to the radius of the planet to get the total distance from the center ofthe planet to the center of the orbiting object: 3.430,000m + 200,000 m= 3,630,000m Finally, plug in all ofthe various values into the Law of Universal Gravitation and solve: Nn. 23 oe Keg)(1 Sz) 6343010" Nin? a (G,630,000m)? 1318x105 we : Show all equations and units on the following problems, and express answers with 3 significant figures. 9, At slosestapprosch, the 722 kg Voyager 2 probe flew by Neptune at an aitude of 29,240 km, 2929 x1 O py A) What was the probe's weight at that moment if Neptune has a radius of 24,900 km and a mast oF 9.99 « 10 ky? 1B) Use the information from part A to caleulate the acceleration due to graviy at that uldtude above Neptune. Fyemg Ibi + 722-4 GF AAT Mis Unit tt: Gray aro Solr yom (22000 6. Meaor- yong.10. The center ofthe moon and the center of the earth are 3.80 = 10° km apart, The mass of the mooa is approximately i 7.36 * 10 ig, while earth's mass is about 5.98 x 10™ kg. | A) Colculsto the earth's pull on the moon, - Mm Fy = B) Whats the sie ofthe moos plo the ear? exruan on show wore Segyie, fr llat ae esos SO hearts crust yal he fat Certh exert me, 11, The apace ste ype orbits 400 km above teers surfice, Thoth as amass 5.98 10" kg and ardiun Jars 5 (0f6,380 km. Foor ‘A) How muck would #2000 kg part for the space siation weigh when ithas beea lifted to that orbit inthe shutle'seargo a z cy GMs CET KIO": Sraduast. 2600 % CBE 008 TTT p 17, too 1B). Use your result from part A (or alternatively you can combine the two equations you now know for F,) to determine the acceleration duc to gravity at shat altitude fom Ha4w =Hb0 9 FI mys ©) Ureyeurknowtege of dear motn odin tn ria see ofthe sues Ve fu pre ae Sino” be oy Tagen rine) > TeT0™ rotate with the Earth, pretending that the normal force precisely balances the object's weight, A student with amass of (65.0 kg stands atthe equator. The radius of the Enh is 6,38%10°m, and of course itotates once per d the magnitude of the centripetal force (in newions) required to keep the student on the Earth’s surface? ye 2 (6 3 8x0) OE) = 4o¢ Ms ia 1B). Since the centsipetal force is unbalanced, what is the true magnitude of the normal force on the student? (The student weighs 637 N, and with BFma you should find the normal force is actually less thaa 637 N.) F2057 2403 Facet del penal /omenadl es i exaiciimts-wlieinhace (20°4)