Analysis ofOperation Workload in SME Fish Salted

Sevistha Ginting​1​, Putri Mei​2​, Juliana​3​, Nur Fitriana​4​, Iskandar Muda​5

Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economy and Business, University of Sumatera Utara, Padang
Bulan, Medan 20155, Indonesia

Email:​1)​sevisthaginting@yahoo.com​2)​Meimeyputri@gmail.com
3)​
julianasaragih2904@gmail.com​4)​nurnasti@yahoo.com​5)​ismuda.jurnal.internas
ional@gmail.com
Abstract. A person's physical condition at work is crucial to the production output. This can be
influenced by operator fatigue factor based on operator's calorie requirement while working,
since the amount of energy that comes out is greater than the incoming energy at work. The
operators working on fish boiling stations are 2 operators and with 2-3 hours working time per
day. Thus, to determine the fatigue factor of the operator is to know the pulse operator to
determine the number of calories needed by the operator while working. Then the
determination of the classification of workload based on the increase in the maximum pulse
due to the burden (cardiovascular load = CVL) in every activity undertaken by the worker
needs to be known. It is expected that workers can do their work to the maximum in a long
time. The method of ​Cardiovascular Load (CVL) is a calculation to determine the
classification of workload based on the calculation of the working pulse rate difference with
the resting pulse compared with the difference between the maximum pulse with the resting
pulse.

1. Introduction weight or lightness of workload is to calculate

Variability of heart rate and subjective
workload size is widely used to determine the
workload [1]. If the pulse is monitored during
rest, work and recovery then recovery time to
rest increases in line with the workload. In
extreme circumstances, the worker does not
have sufficient rest time resulting in chronic
fatigue [2].
According to Christensen (1991) and
Grandjean (1993) in Eko Nurmianto (2003)
explains that one approach to knowing the
the work pulse, oxygen consumption,
pulmonary ventilation capacity and core body
temperature. Measurement of heart rate during
work is a method for assessing
Cardiovasculair Strain. ​One of the tools used
to calculate the pulse is telemetry using ​Electro
Cardio Graphi ​(ECG). If the equipment is not
available, it can be recorded manually using a
stopwatch ​using the 10 pulse method (Kilbon,
1992; in Tarwaka 2010). Increased pulse rate
plays an important role in increasing ​Cardic

Output ​from rest until maximum work is
defined as ​Heart Rate Reserve (HR Reserve​)
(Rodhal, 1989; in Tarwaka, 2010). According
to Munuaba and Vanwonterghem (1996),
Tarwaka (2010) determines the classification
of workloads based on an increase in the work
rate compared with the maximum pulse due to
cardiovascular load (​Cardiovasculair Load
=% CVL​) [3].
2. Literature Review
2.1. Workload
Workload ​is a business that must be issued by
a person to meet the "demand" of the job.
While capacity is the ability / capacity of
human. This capacity can be measured from
the physical and mental condition of a person.
The workload in question is the size (portion)
of the limited operator capacity required to
perform certain work. Workload analysis is
widely used in the determination of manpower
needs (man power planning), ergonomic
analysis, Occupational Safety and Health (K3)
analysis up to payroll planning. Calculation of
workload can be seen from three aspects,
namely:
1. Physical, Physical aspect involves
calculating work load based on human
physical criteria.
2. Mental, mental aspect is the calculation of
workload by considering the mental aspects
(psychological).
3. Use of time, While the use of time is more
considering the aspects of the use of time to
work.
According Tarwaka, workload measurement
can be used for the following things, namely:
a. Evaluation and design of work procedures of
work safety
b. Setting a break schedule
c. Job specification and personnel selection
d. Job evaluation
e. Evaluate the pressure of environmental
factors.
2.2. Factors Affecting
Workload
The human body is designed to perform daily
work activities. The presence of muscle mass
that weighs almost more than half the west of
the body, enabling us to be able to move the
body and do the work. Work on the one hand
has significance for progress and improvement
of achievement. On the other hand, with the
work means the body will receive the burden
from outside the body. In other words that
every job is a burden to the concerned. The
burden can be physical or mental burden. From
an ergonomic standpoint, any workload
received by a person must be appropriate or
balanced both to the physical abilities,
cognitive abilities and human limitations that
accept the burden. According to Suma'mur
(1984) that the work ability of a workforce
differs from one to the other and depends on
the level of skill, physical fitness, nutritional
status, sex, age and body size of the work.
According to Rodahl (2000), that in general
with respect to workload and work capacity is
influenced by various factors that are very
complex, both external and internal factors.
2.3. Types of Workload
Any work of any kind whether the work
requires muscle strength or thought, is a
burden to the culprit. This burden can be a
physical burden, mental burden, or social
burden according to the type of work the
offender performs. Each person has different
abilities in relation to workload. There are
 
 
 
 
 
 

people who are better suited to bear the b. Dynamic work, namely:
physical burden, but there are others will be 1. Generate motion.
more suitable to do more work on mental or 2. Muscle contraction is ​isotonic ​(muscle
social burden. length changes while muscle tension remains).
Physical work is work that requires physical 3. Muscle contraction is ​rhythmic (​ contraction
energy of human muscle as its power source and relaxation alternately).
(power). Physical work is also called, manual 4. Relatively long-term fatigue occurs.
operation where the performance of work will
depend entirely on the man who serves as a
source of power (power) or work controller. 3.   Method 
Physical work can also be connoted with heavy
work or rough work because the activity Metho
requires a strong human physical effort during Data in this study obtained by measuring the
the period of work tersebut.Dalam physical pulse operator before and after work in boiling
work energy consumption is the main factor stations with activities in SME Salted Fish.
used as a benchmark determinant weight / light Boiling activity can be seen in the picture
of a job. Broadly speaking, human activities below.
can be classified into physical work and mental
work. This separation can not be done
perfectly, because there is a close relationship
with each other. Physical work will result in a
change of function in the body's equipment,
which can be detected by:
1. Oxygen consumption
2. Heart rate
3. Circulation of air in the lungs
4. Body temperature
5. Lactic acid concentration in blood
6. Chemical composition in the blood and
urine
7. Level of evaporation
8. Other factors Picture . Boiling Process
Physical work will release energy that is
closely related to energy consumption. Energy The data collection procedure activity
consumption at work time is usually activity is as follows: The
determined by indirect way, that is by 1. operator measured the pulse of its rest
measurement: (DNI).
1. Speed ​of heart rate 2. Operator doing boiler job The
2. Oxygen Consumption 3. operator who has performed the activity of
Relatively high energy expenditure and on that filling for 2 hours directly measured the
type can be distinguished in some work working pulse (DNK) for 60 seconds.
according to physical namely:
a. Static work, namely:
1. Not produce motion. 4 Results and Discussions
2. Muscle contraction is ​isometric ​(tense 4.1. Data Collection
muscle increases while muscle tension Measurement of pulse rate is done to 2
remained). Fatigue is happening faster. workers by taking DNI and DNK data after
doing their work activity on the boiling station.
 
 
 
 
 
 

Workers on the boiling process do their work Men: 220 -age:

within 2 hours. Female 200 - age
The pulse data of each operator can be se Table 3. MaximumOperator
seen in the following table.
Table 1. Operator Pulse Rate Data Work
DN​work DN​max
Name DN​break Age CVL Classi
ing %
ion
64 26 33.85 Requ
Rizal 108 194
repa
23 Repa
Andri 105 62 197 31.85
requi
From the calculation of CVL% obtained then it
can be concluded based on the classification of
the workload that has been set, as follows:
Table 4. Classification Weight Light
Workload Based on%
CVL%CV Classification%
L CVL
<30% Did not happen
From the observation data of pulse performed exhaustion
for 7 days above then taken the average value of 30% - Necessary improvements
of the pulse seen in table 4.2. 60%
Table 2. Average Pulse Operating Pulse 60% - 80% Working in a short time
Nu 80% - needs immediate
Age
mb Name Benefit DNI DNK 100%
Sex
er. action>100 Not permitted activity
1 Rizal 26 Male 64 108 %
2 Andri 23 Male 62 105

4.2. Indirect Assessment 4.3. Determination of

Method The indirect assessment
method is an assessment method by calculating
the operator's pulse at rest and shortly after the
operator works as the operator's pulse​.
The method of ​Cardiovascular Load
(CVL) is a calculation to determine the
classification of workload based on the
calculation of the working pulse rate difference
with the resting pulse compared with the
difference between the maximum pulse with
the resting pulse. CVL equation% is shown by
the following formula:
The calculation of the maximum pulse
rate are as follows:
Percentage ​Cardiovasculerload
(% CVL)
Calculation the workload of the
weighing operator by the% CVL method of the
data taken at the time of the research requires
some calculation steps. The first step is to
calculate the Maximum Pulse (​DNMax​) of
each operator by using the formula (220 - age)
for men and (200 - age) for women.
Maximum pulse for operator 1 (Rizal):
er : Male
: 26 years
So the calculation is as follows:
e = 220 - age = 220 - 26 = 194
Maximum pulse for operator 2 (Andri):
e Gender : Male
: 23 years
So the calculation is as follows:

Male = 220 - age = 220 - 23 = 197
Calculation of CVL% for each
operator at boiling station can be seen below:
Operator 1: Rizal
% CVL = =
= 33.85%
Operator 2: Andri
% CVL = =
= 31.85%
Recapitulation of CVL% calculation for
each operator in boiling station can be seen in
Table 5.2. following.
Table 5.2. Recapitulation CVL Value
Calculation%been Boiling
4.4. Calculation of Energy
Expenditure
calculations ​energy expenditure
performed by interpolation which has been
previously assumed that the operator with 100
heartbeats per minute requires ​energy
expenditure​ by 5 calories per minute.
The following is the calculation of
energy needs of operators in boiling stations,
namely:
1. Operator 1: Rizal
= are:
20 = - 125 + 25.xExpenditure
X = 5.8
needs ​energy for Operator 1: Rizal is 5.8
calories / minute.
2. Operator 2: Andri
=
12.5 = - 125 + 25.x
X = 5.5
needs ​Energy expenditure for Operator 2:
Andri is 5.5 calories / minute.
Recapitulation of calculation result
ofrequirement of ​expenditure energy operator
in boiling station can be seen in Table 5. below
Table 5.Requirement Recapitulation ​Energy
4.5. Direct Assessment
Method The direct assessment method
is to calculate the energy consumption of the
operator. In the determination of energy
consumption is usually used a form of energy
relationship with heart rate velocity is a
quadratic regression equation as follows
E = 1.80411 - 0.0229038 (X) +
4.71711.10​-4​ (X)​2
ere:
Energy ( kcal / min)
pulse work (beats per minute)
Classification workload based on the
value of energy consumption (Y) with unit
conversion in kcal / hour, which is as follows:
1. the work load is light, to 100-200 kcal /
hour
2. workload is being , for 201 - 350 Kcal /
hour
3. Heavy work load, above 350 Kcal / hour
Calculation of energy consumption in
each weighing operator can be seen below:
1. Operator 1: Rizal
Working pulse (X) = 105 dpm
Then energy consumption value Operator 1
E = 1.80411 - 0.0229038 (108) + 4.71711.10​-4
(108)​2
E = 1.80411 - 2,47361 + 5,502037
E = 4,832536704 Kkal / min = 289,9522022
Kkal / hour
2. Operator 2: Andri
Working pulse (X) = 102 dpm
Then the energy consumption value of
Operator 1 is:
E = 1.80411 - 0,0 229038 (105) + 4.71711.10​-4
(105)​2
E = 1.80411 - 2,404899 + 5,200614
E = 4,599824775 Kcal / min = 275,9894865
Kcal / hour
 
 
 
 
 
 

Recapitulation of calculation of energy 3. Category of workload on both operators

consumption value of boiling operator can be the workload received by the operator is
seen in Table 6. below. moderate but still needed improvement.
Table 6. Summary of Energy Consumption 4. The category of energy consumption in
Value BoilingOperator both operators is the operator's energy
needs are moderate but still needed
E Categor improvement.
DNK y
Operator (kcal / (Kcal /
(bpm) Worklo
min) h) ad References
1108 4.832 289.952 Average [1] Mahmoud Sakaori, 2018, ​Analysis of the
2105 4.599 275.989 Average sensitivity of the heart rate variability
and subjective workload measures in a
driving simulator: The case of highway
5. Conclusions
work zones, ​1
The conclusion that can be derived from
the results of research on the physical [2] Wignjosoebroto, Sritomo. 1995.
workload the operator at the packing station Ergonomic, Motion and Time Study.,​
with the activity of inserting the rubber powder 272-278.
into the packing compartment is as follows: [3] Tarwaka. 2004. ​Ergonomic for ​safety,
1. Based on the result of the processing of occupational health and productivity,​
the percentage of ​cardiovascular load, it 95-98.
is found that the second category is
required for improvement.
2. Based on the results of processing energy
consumption operator obtained that both
operators are classified.