Republic of the Philippines

Surigao del Sur State University

Rosario, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur 8300
Telefax No. 086-214-4221
Website: www.sdssu.edu.ph

FINAL EXAMINATION MSSCIED 208

(CONCEPTS IN BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY)

Discuss Comprehensively:

1. To what extent is Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis different and similar in its
mechanism.

2. Determine the probability of 10 offspring of which 2 will be boys and 8 will be girls.

3. What are the major requirements of plants and animals for growth and development?

4. What are the different hormones that plants need in order to grow and develop? Explain its
functions and mechanisms.

5. How does the basic concepts in ecology would enhance the student’s values towards
stewardships and conservation?

6. Do you think conducting different activities in biology would enhance the understanding of
students towards the different concepts in biology? How? Can you cite lived experiences on
this matter?
 Republic of the Philippines
Surigao del Sur State University
Rosario, Tandag City, Surigao del Sur 8300
Telefax No. 086-214-4221
Website: www.sdssu.edu.ph

Name: MARIBETH J. CUSAP

FINAL EXAMINATION MSSCIED 208

(CONCEPTS IN BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY)

1. To what extent is Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis different and similar in its mechanism.
Answer:
Similarities ... are both involve in production of energy, the exchange of gases and the process takes
place in cell organelle which was considered as endosymbiotic organism

Differences... Photosynthesis takes place in chloroplast whereas respiration takes place in mitochondria.
Photosynthesis involve production of carbohydrate and respiration involve breaking of carbohydrate.
Photosynthesis occur only during the presence of sunlight whereas respiration occurs all the time. And
photosynthesis process oxygen is released whereas in respiration oxygen is utilized.

2. Determine the probability of 10 offspring of which 2 will be boys and 8 will be girls.
Answer:
𝑛! 10!
Pn(x) = px qn-x P10(2) = (1/2)2(1/2)10-2
𝑥!(𝑛−𝑥)! 2!(10−2)!
10! 1 1
n = 10 (no. of offspring) = ( )( )
2!8! 4 256
(10)(9)(8)! 1
x = 2 (boys) or x = 8 (girls) = ( )
2!8! 1024
90 1
p = probability of success = ( )
2 1024
1
q = probability of failure = 45( )
1024
= 0.0439 x 100%
P10(2)= 4.39%
3. What are the major requirements of plants and animals for growth and development?
Answer:
 In Plant growth requires adequate space for root and canopy development, sufficient light, water,
oxygen, carbon dioxide, and mineral elements, and temperature suitable for essential physiologic
processes.
 In animals the growth is more restricted in time than is that of plants, but cell division is more
generally distributed throughout the body of the organism.
  All living organisms reproduce. ... The whole process of sexual reproduction in animals begins
with the formation of sperm from the male and eggs from the female. Next, the sperm and egg
join together to form a zygote. Finally, the zygote grows and develops to become a baby animal.
4. What are the different hormones that plants need in order to grow and develop? Explain its
functions and mechanisms.
The five major types of hormones in plants:
1. Auxins are hormones that stimulate growth and are produced in immature parts of plants.
2. Cytokinins are produced in the root apical meristems (very tip of the roots) and travel upward
hitching a ride with water and traveling up the stem through the xylem. The movement of cytokinins is
passive – it does not require energy!

3. Gibberellins play an important role in several developmental stages in plants, but their claim to fame is making
stems longer. Gibberellins promote stem elongation between nodes on the stem. A node is a place on a stem
where a leaf attaches, so gibberellins elongate the internodes. It is easiest to see the absence of gibberellin in
dwarf plants and rosette plants – there is very little space between nodes on a stem and the leaves are clustered
toward the base of the plant.
4. Ethylene is a plant hormone that affects ripening and rotting in plants. It is a particularly interesting plant
hormone because it exists as a gas. No other plant hormone is gaseous! Ethylene can be produced in almost any
part of a plant, and can diffuse through the plant’s tissue, outside the plant, and travel through the air to affect a
totally different plant.
5. Abscisic acid a chemeical messenger to alert the rest of the plant that it is water stressed. Abscisic acid is made
in droughted leaves, droughted roots, and developing seeds and it can travel both up and down in a plant stem in
the xylem or phloem sounding the alarm.

5. How does the basic concepts in ecology would enhance the student’s values towards stewardships
and conservation?
Answer:
Studying this course will make students realize the interconnection and relationship of living organisms
on Earth including human beings and their physical environment. Through ecology, it provides
information about the benefits of ecosystems and how we can use the resources in ways that leave the
environment free from destruction. On the other hand, it can help us also improve our environment,
manage our natural resources, preserve and conserve it in for long years ahead. With that learning,
stewardship to ecosystem will be then possible. We should always be reminded every species is a
masterpiece, exquisitely adapted to particular environment in which it has survived. Who are we to
destroy or even diminish them in their own and natural habitats?
6. Do you think conducting different activities in biology would enhance the understanding of
students towards the different concepts in biology? How? Can you cite lived experiences on this
matter?
Answer:
Biology learning has different characteristics from learning in general. Biology learning is the process
of interaction between students and the objects they learn. It consist of objects, processes, and
products. Biology learning becomes more meaningful when students observe the object they learn
directly. It helps students in understanding the material concepts. However, not all biological
symptoms and phenomena can be observed directly, especially in physiological processes that occur in
the body of living things, one of which is about the human reproductive system.
Example.
Farmers rearing livestock as a result of animal husbandry and growing high-yield and disease-resistant
crops are further examples of how biology is used in everyday life. From knowledge gained
through biological sciences, the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries derive compounds from plants
to use in their products.