Business Research Methods

(OM 301)
Group Assignment On
Review Of Literature
“ Under the Supervision of ”

Dr.Richa Misra
Submitted by- Group 8
Alok Kumar Singh - PGFA1908

Somya Kapoor – PGFA1954

Prachi Singh – PGFA1932
Ritanshu Jaiswal – PGFA1940
Kamakshee Bhardwaj – PGFA1923
Section A
 Introduction
To make your body fit it is very important to be healthy. Health is the most significant part of our life. There is nothing
more urgent than health for any human being. When we are healthy we can make a mind-blowing life. We can giggle, grin,
appreciate nourishment, converse with our precious and rest soundly.

At the point when our health isn't at its best, we can't care for anything. We can't appreciate eating, watching sports or
movies. We can't talk pleasantly with our precious or even rest properly. Our health is more esteemed than our wealth.
truth be told, our seniors have said that wellbeing is riches. Physical and mental wellness is significant for an individual to
be fruitful and contribute emphatically to the general public. Hence this report is all about to check and analyse that how
people give importance to the exercise in there day to day life cycle. We have conducted various test to measure that affects
people or what makes them to do exercise or go to gym.

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE
Research objective of the study is to ascertain and know how much people are conscious about their health and well-being
and their perception of going to GYM. In order to fulfil the objective of the research we have taken response from 50
respondents. It shows the outcome of the various scales with demographic variables. Reports deals with analysis and
interpretation of the data so collected, it consist of the 3 tests that is Independent Sample T Test , ANNOVA and
Regression.
 Review Of Literature

According To Article : “ Training at the Gym, Training for Life: Creating Better Versions of the Self Through
Exercise”
This study presents on Scott’s nation of the reinventive Institution and examine how the members of gym think before
doing exercise and give some means to their exercise management. It is asserted that exercise in gym is more affected which
impacts overall life of the person. It may be in three levels.
1. Gym members perceive themselves to be very efficient, effective & productive in routine life.
2. It is believable that gym exercise increase the control over their lives.
3. Gym participants think that fitness workout make capable them not only fitter physically but also better & fitter
equipped in a physiological sense

According to “The Relationship Between Body Image and Exercise Type - relationship between body image and
exercise type and how negative body image gets in the way of exercising”
Pressure of looking good have very negative effect on an individual’s body image. The study focus on relationship attempt
to determine if body image, positive or negative, has any effect on what type of exercise an individual is choosing to
participate. According to analysis participant with negative body image preferred aerobic exercise and positive body image
preferred anaerobic exercise.The research also showed that women are more likely to have negative body image than male.
Article – “ The Relationship Between Body Image and Exercise Type” - The result of this case shows engagement in
physical activity which is identified as the positive outcomes in the mental health and physical health and also in social
well-beingThe research shows that people who exercise regularly and have healthy eating habit have higher chance of
healthy lifestyle and less risk of disease.
Paper – “Benefits, need and importance of daily exercise” - The paper talks about benefit need and importance of daily
exercising. The paper show evidence on benefits of exercise for all body system. Physical activity can help in numerous
ways like reduce stress, boost happy chemical, sharpen memory and many more.
Study – “WORLDWIDE SURVEY OF FITNESS TRENDS FOR 2019” - The article talks about difference between fad
and trend. Trend which are followed worldwide in corporate, clinical, commercial and health fitness in community and
promote activity which are physical. The article also mentions fitness trend identified in 2019.
The impact of fitness awareness on physical fitness and healthy habit of visitor.The analysis revealed that physical fitness
awareness had significant and positive effects on physical fitness and exercise which will help to improve physical exercise
and fitness programs as well.
Knowledge and understanding of young people about health, fitness and physical activity: this survey focused on the role of
schools in effectively promoting activities which are physically in nature. And it is concluded that the understanding about it
reductive and limited about all like weight, fat, shape and size etc. health knowledge and health behaviour also generating
the understanding in young people's knowledge.
 SCALE - Social Factors
This Scale shows bout how people are concern about themselves and how they see or want others to see them – A
Perception.

SOCIAL FACTORS = X1+X2+X3+X5+X7

Descriptive Statistics
N Mean Std.
Deviation
Social_Fact
50 2.2760 .74712
ors
Valid N
50
(listwise)

SCALE – Looks

This variable indicates about the looks about the individual as to however is their physical appearance and how good or bad
they look.
LOOKS = X4+X9+X11+X12
Descriptive Statistics
9N Mean Std.
Deviation
Looks_Fact
50 2.7300 .77893
ors
Valid N
50
(listwise)

SCALE – Self-belief

This variable shows about the Self-belief, it focuses the impact on the individual confidence level or we can say that
productivity level when he/she do exercise.
SELF-BELIEF = X6+X8+X10+X19+X20+X21

Descriptive Statistics
N Mean Std.
Deviation
Selfbelive_F
50 2.7667 .78391
actors
Valid N
50
(listwise)
 SCALE - Health
This factor shows the how the people are concerned about their health when there doing the exercise or when there are not
doing exercise.
HELATH = X14+X15+X16+X17+X18
Descriptive Statistics
N Mean Std.
Deviation
Health_Fac
50 2.8767 .95583
tors
Valid N
50
(listwise)

HYPOTHESIS 1:

GENDER AND SOCIAL FACTOR

H0 There is no significant relationship between Gender & Social Factor

H1 There is significant relationship between Gender & Social Factor

TABLES:
 Group Statistics
Gender N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
Female 21 2.5524 .84358 .18408
Social_Factors
Male 29 2.0759 .60807 .11292

Independent Samples Test

Levene's Test t-test for Equality of Means
for Equality of
Variances
F Sig. t Df Sig. Mean Std. 95%
(2- Differ Error Confidence
tailed) ence Differ Interval of the
ence Difference
Lower Upper

Equal
2.3 .4765 .2050 .0642 .8888
variances 2.664 .109 48 .024
24 2 7 0 3
Social assumed
_Facto Equal
rs variances 2.2 34. .4765 .2159 .0378 .9152
.034
not 07 403 2 6 3 0
assumed
INTERPRETATION:
P VALUE = 0.024
0.024<=0.05
P Value<=Significant value
Therefore H1 is ACCEPTED
Mean value of female is more than that of female.
There is significant relationship between Gender and Social factor. Mean value of female is more than that of male.
This shows that females are more conscious about their fitness towards social concern.

HYPOTHESIS 2:

NATURE OF JOB AND LOOKS

H0: There is no significant relationship between Nature of Job and concern of looking unattractive.
H1: There is a significant relationship between Nature of Job and concern of looking unattractive.
ANOVA
Looks_Factors
Sum of Df Mean F Sig.
Squares Square
Between
.888 2 .444 .724 .490
Groups
Within
28.842 47 .614
Groups
Total 29.730 49

Looks_Factors
Duncan
Nature of N Subset for
Job alpha =
0.05
1
Desk Job 16 2.5469
Travelling 8 2.7188
Others 26 2.8462
Sig. .360
Means for groups in
homogeneous subsets are
displayed.
a. Uses Harmonic Mean
Sample Size = 13.277.
b. The group sizes are
unequal. The harmonic mean
of the group sizes is used.
Type I error levels are not
guaranteed.
INTERPRETATION:
 Measuring degree of freedom(df)
Between The group = No. of Factors – 1
= 3-1 = 2
Within the group = Sample Size – No of Factors
= 50-3 = 47
 F- Value = Mean square between group/Mean square within the group
= .444/.614 = 0.72
P value = 0.49>0.05

Hence we could see that there is no significant difference between the job and concern for looking unattractive, so
null hypothesis is accepted. Also we could see with the Duncan table that all the categories of nature of job are falling
in the same group therefore it indicates that there is no significant difference between desk job, travelling job and
others.

HYPOTHESIS 3

INCOME AND HEALTH

H0 = No significant relationship between Monthly Income and Concern for Health

H1 = Significant relationship between Monthly Income and Concern for Health
Oneway

ANOVA
Health_Factors
Sum of df Mean F Sig.
Squares Square
Between
.750 3 .250 .261 .853
Groups
Within
44.017 46 .957
Groups
Total 44.767 49

Post Hoc Tests

Homogeneous Subsets

Health_Factors
Duncan
Monthly Personal N Subset for
Income(INR) alpha =
0.05
1
Less Than 30,000 29 2.7759
More than
3 2.9444
1,00,000
50,000-1,00,000 7 2.9762
30,000-50,000 11 3.0606
Sig. .634
Means for groups in homogeneous
subsets are displayed.
a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size =
6.649.
b. The group sizes are unequal. The
harmonic mean of the group sizes is
used. Type I error levels are not
guaranteed.

Interpretation:

 Measuring degree of freedom(df)

Between The group = No. of Factors – 1
= 4-1 = 3
Within the group = Sample Size – No of Factors
= 50-4 = 46
 F- Value = Mean square between group/Mean square within the group
= .250/.957 = 0.26
P value = 0.853>0.05

Hence we could see that there is no significant difference between the monthly income and concern to be healthy, so null
hypothesis is accepted. Also we could see with the Duncan table that all the categories of monthly income are falling in the
same group therefore it indicates so there is no significant difference between them.
HYPOTHESIS 4:

INCOME AND LOOKS

H0 = There is no significant difference between income level of people and their concern for looks
H1 = There is significant relationship between income level of people and their concern for looks

Oneway

ANOVA
Looks_Factors
Sum of df Mean F Sig.
Squares Square
Between
.488 3 .163 .256 .857
Groups
Within
29.242 46 .636
Groups
Total 29.730 49
Post Hoc Tests

Homogeneous Subsets
 Looks_Factors
Duncan
Monthly Personal N Subset for
Income(INR) alpha =
0.05
1
50,000-1,00,000 7 2.6071
30,000-50,000 11 2.7045
Less Than 30,000 29 2.7328
More than
3 3.0833
1,00,000
Sig. .329
Means for groups in homogeneous
subsets are displayed.
a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size =
6.649.
b. The group sizes are unequal. The
harmonic mean of the group sizes is
used. Type I error levels are not
guaranteed.

Interpretation:
 Measuring degree of freedom(df)
Between The group = No. of Factors – 1
= 4-1 = 3
Within the group = Sample Size – No of Factors
= 50-4 = 46
 F- Value = Mean square between group/Mean square within the group
= .163/.636 = 0.25
P value = 0.857>0.05
Hence we could see that there is no significant difference between the income and concern for looks, so null hypothesis is
accepted. Also we could see with the Duncan table that all the categories of monthly income are falling in the same group
therefore it indicates so there is no significant difference between them.

HYPOTHESIS 5 :

GENDER AND GYM

H0 – There is no significant relationship between gender and gym

H – There is a significant relationship between gender and gym

T-Test

Group Statistics
Gende N Mean Std. Std. Error
r Deviation Mean
 Independent Samples Test

Levene's Test for Equality t-test for Equality of Means

of Variances
F Sig. T df Sig. (2- Mean Std. 95% Confidence
tailed) Differenc Error Interval of the
e Differenc Difference
e Lower Upper
Equal
variances .252 .618 1.955 48 .056 .274 .140 -.008 .556
assumed
Do you go to gym Equal
variances 42.51
1.946 .058 .274 .141 -.010 .559
not 6
assumed
Femal
Do you go to e 21 1.62 .498 .109
gym
Male 29 1.34 .484 .090
Interpretation:

P VALUE = 0.056
0.056>=0.05
P Value>=Significant value
Therefore H0 is ACCEPTED
Mean value of female is more than that of female.
There is no significant relationship between Gender and GYM. Mean value of female is more than that of male.This
shows that females are more conscious about their fitness and go to GYM.
Regression - Testing

Variables Entered/Removeda
Mod Variables Variables Metho
el Entered Removed d
Age,
Monthly
1 Personal . Enter
Income(IN
R)b
a. Dependent Variable:
Social_Factors
b. All requested variables entered.

Model Summary
Mod R R Adjusted R Std. Error
el Square Square of the
Estimate
1 .251a .063 .023 .73850
a. Predictors: (Constant), Age, Monthly
Personal Income(INR)

ANOVAa
Model Sum of Df Mean F Sig.
Squares Square
Regressi
1.718 2 .859 1.575 .218b
on
1
Residual 25.633 47 .545
Total 27.351 49
a. Dependent Variable: Social_Factors
b. Predictors: (Constant), Age, Monthly Personal Income(INR)
 Coefficientsa
Model Unstandardized Standardiz t Sig.
Coefficients ed
Coefficient
s
B Std. Error Beta
(Constant) 1.791 .309 5.803 .000
Monthly Personal
1 .198 .136 .209 1.462 .150
Income(INR)
Age .145 .193 .108 .752 .456
a. Dependent Variable: Social_Factors

Interpretation:
1.Age and Monthly Income are determinant of Social Factors
2.R Square Matrix tells that there is impact of 6.3% of IV – Income and Age on Social Factors.
3.We could see that P value is 0.218 which is more than 0.05, hence there is no significant impact of IV on DV.
4.Monthly Income: Beta value of the Income is positive means that there is a positive relationship between Income
and Social factors also the p value is less than 0.05.Hence we can say that there is a positive and significant
relationship between Income and social factors.
AGE: We could see hat beta value of AGE Is positive ,however the p value is more that the 0.05,hence we can
conclude that is a positive but non-significant relationship between Age and social factors.
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(R, 2018)

H1 AND H0
P VALUE
F VALUE
BETA
R
R SQ.