EMBRYO DRAWING

 embryo darwing is the illustration of embryos in their developmental sequence. In plants

and animals, an embryo develops from a zygote, the single cell that results when an egg
and sperm fuse during fertilization.

Fertilization: the process of a single sperm cell combining with single egg cell to form a
zygote.

 the action or process of fertilizing an egg, female animal, or plant, involving the fusion of
male and female gametes to form a zygote.

2 types of fertilization in Animal Development

1. External fertilization (the eggs are fertilized outside of the body)

2. Internal fertilization (the eggs are fertilized within the female reproductive tract). (Is
when the male deposits his sperm directly into the female's body.)
(Mammals, birds, reptiles)

Vitro fertilization (IVF)

 is a process by which egg cells are fertilized by sperm outside the womb.

Which animal external fertilization takes place?

 The union takes place outside of the body, and is called external fertilization. Many fish,
amphibians, and other sexual aquatic animals use external fertilization.
 What is an example of fertilization?
 It is simple enough for aquatic animals simply to dump their sperm and eggs into the
water and let currents mix the two kinds of cells with each other.
 Reproduction of the sea urchin is a typical example of external fertilization among
aquatic animals.

What are the four stages of fertilization?

1. sperm preparation
2. sperm-egg recognition and binding
3. sperm-egg fusion
4. fusion of sperm and egg pronuclei and activation of the zygote.

How long does it take for sperm to reach the egg and get pregnant? (HUMAN)

 A man may ejaculate 40 million to 150 million sperm, which start swimming upstream
toward the fallopian tubes on their mission to fertilize an egg.
 Fast-swimming sperm can reach the egg in a half an hour, while others may take days.
The sperm can live up to 48-72 hours.
 Only a few hundred will even come close to the egg because of the many natural barriers
that exist in a woman's body.
What is the mean of zygote?

 The cell formed by the union of a male sex cell (a sperm) and a female sex cell (an
ovum). The zygote develops into the embryo following the instruction encoded in its
genetic material, the DNA. The unification of a sperm and an ovum to form a zygote
constitutes fertilization.
 zygote is the cell that forms by the union of an egg cell and a sperm cell.

What is an example of zygote?

 A fertilized female egg from which a baby will develop.

What is a zygote and how is it formed?

 The cells from each parent that combine to form the zygote are called gametes.
 Male Gametes called ‘’sperm’’
 Female Gametes called ‘’egg’’
 Kapag nag join yung gametes makakabuo ng cell na tinatawag na Zygote.
 Human sperm and eggs contain 23 chromosomes.

What makes a zygote?

 In the embryonic development of humans and other animals, the zygote stage is brief and
is followed by cleavage, when the single cell becomes subdivided into smaller cells.

How many cells does a zygote contain?

 The sperm cell and the egg cell that come together to form the zygote each contain half
the normal amount of DNA. There are 46 chromosomes in a typical human cell.

How many days does it take the zygote to reach the uterus?

 The fertilized egg starts growing fast, dividing into many cells. It leaves the fallopian
tube and enters the uterus 3 to 4 days after fertilization.
 In rare cases:
- the fertilized egg attaches to the fallopian tube. This is called a tubal pregnancy or
ectopic pregnancy and is a danger to the mother.

Ectopic pregnancy - is a complication of pregnancy in which the embryo attaches outside the
uterus. Signs and symptoms classically include abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding.

What is the difference between zygote and embryo?

 Zygote is the combination of egg cell and sperm cell.

 Embryo, ito na yung baby na lumalaki sa womb ng mother.

Is an embryo a cell?

 In a placental mammal, an ovum is fertilized in a fallopian tube through which it travels

into the uterus. An embryo is called a fetus at a more advanced stage of development and
up until birth or hatching. In humans, this is from the eleventh week of gestation.

Is a fertilized egg an embryo?

 A baby goes through several stages of development, beginning as a fertilized egg. The
egg develops into a blastocyst, an embryo, then a fetus.
EMBRYO
 is the earliest stage in the development of a fertilized egg. It is the term used for any
animal or plant, from the first call division until birth or hatching.

EMBRYOLOGY

 The study of one type of evidence of evolution.

The Stages of Embryo Development

1. Fertilization

Fertilization is the union of the female gamete (egg) and the male gamete (spermatozoa).
Whether it occurs naturally inside the female reproductive system or with the assistance of
reproductive technologies outside of the human body, the product is a structure called a zygote.

2. Blastocyst Development

Soon after fertilization, the embryo is created from a small group of cells that are constantly
dividing inside of a complex structure called the blastocyst. It is formed by two groups of cells,
inner and outer cells, and fluids. The blastocyst stays inside a protective cover during maturation
called zona pellucid (egg shell.)

3. Blastocyst Implantation

When the blastocyst reaches the uterus it implants in the endometrium, the mucus membrane
which lines the uterus. The external cells of the blastocyst and the uterine inner lining, together,
will create the future placenta. The placenta is a structure that transfers nutrients to the baby and
removes his/her wastes.

4. Embryo Development

As the blastocyst reaches the final steps in the implantation process into the inner lining of the
uterus, it evolves into a structure called an embryo. This is the time when internal organs and
external structures develop. The mouth, lower jaw, throat are emerging, while the blood
circulation system starts its evolution and a heart tube is created. The ears arise and arms, legs,
fingers, toes, and eyes are being shaped. The brain and the spinal cord are already formed, while
the digestive tract and sensory organs start their development. The first bones are replacing the
cartilage.

After ten-twelve weeks of pregnancy, the embryo moves into the final stage of development, a
fetus.
5. Fetal Development

By the twelfth week of fertilization the embryo moves into the final stage of development
called the fetal stage. By now, the fetus has formed all of the organs and structures necessary for
a baby, but those organs still need to grow and develop.

At three months of pregnancy, the upper and lower extremities of the fetus are
completely developed. Ears and teeth are formed and the reproductive organs have evolved. At
the end of this month, the fetus has completed the expansion of most of the circulatory and
urinary systems and its length is about 5 inches.

At six months, the fetus can respond to sounds and is around 12 inches long. The fetus
continues to develop and grow changing position and responding to sounds, and stimuli. The
length of the little body can reach 14 inches.

The fetus becomes a baby at month eight. The brain is evolving quickly so the baby can
see and hear, although the respiratory system requires maturation. The baby can weigh
approximately 5 pounds. Close to the end of the pregnancy at month 9, the baby responds to
stimuli, can move the whole body but space around the new human being is becoming too tight.

If the baby had not changed his/her position inside the uterus, this is the right time to drop
down into the pelvis towards the birth canal to face the world

Ersnt Heinrich Philipp August Haeckel

 Born on February 16, 1834 – Died August 9, 1919 (age of 85)

 German comparative embryologist, scientific illustrator, and public speaking during
figure during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century.
 Proposed Theory of Recapitulation also called the Biogenic Law

Recapitulation Theory

 The theory of recapitulation is often known as ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny.

 Recapitulation usually involves the gathering of the main ideas in a brief summary.

Ontogeny – is the steps an organism takes in its development before it is born, starting as a single

cell and ending as a baby.

Phylogeny - is the steps a species takes in its development, starting as a very simple organism

and evolving into the current organism.