This, that, these and those are demonstratives.

We use this, that,

these and those to point to people and things. This and that are
singular. These and those are plural. We use them as determiners and pronouns.

Determiners Pronouns
What’s in this box? Come and look at this.
That water tastes strange. That’s a very good idea.
I might get myself a pair of those shoes. Can I have one of these?

This, that, these, those as determiners

Pointing to things

We use this and that with singular and uncountable nouns:

Try to repeat this exercise every morning and evening. (this + singular
countable noun)
What does this music make you think of? (this + singular uncountable noun)
I’ve never been to that part of France. (that + singular countable noun)
Can I have some of that juice, please? (that + singular uncountable noun)
We use these and those with plural nouns:
You can use any one of these computers. (these + plural noun)
I need to paint those windows. (those + plural noun)
Time phrases

We often use this with words describing time and dates like morning, afternoon,
evening, week, month, year to refer to ‘the one that’s coming’ or ‘the one we’re
currently in’:
I’ll be with you some time this evening.
Johan seemed very happy this afternoon.
Ian is in Germany all this week.

This, that, these, those as pronouns

Referring to things or ideas

We normally use this, that, these and those as pronouns to refer to things or ideas:
Put the butter, chocolate and sugar in a saucepan. Heat this over a low
flame until it melts.
We’re going to eat first and then go to the film. Are you happy with that?
(Are you happy with the idea of eating first, then going to the film?) [talking
about the TV]
Can you turn that off if you’re not watching it? [talking about shoes]
What colour are those? Black or dark blue. I can’t see.

Referring to people

We can use this and that as pronouns to refer to people when we want to identify
ourselves or others, or to ask the identity of other speakers:
Linda, this is my mother, Anne.
Is that your brother over there?
We often do this in telephone calls and in answer-phone messages:
Hello, is that Ken Orm? This is Jane Bromham here.

This and these, that and those:

Physical closeness and distance
We use this and these most commonly to point to things and people that are close
to the speaker or writer, or things that are happening now:
Shall I use this knife here? [pointing to something]
Is this what you mean? [pointing to a pile of books]
 I’ll post these letters on my way home. [pointing to a pile of books]
We use that and those most commonly to point to things and people which are not
easy to identify in a situation. They are often more distant from the speaker, and
sometimes closer to the listener:
What’s in that bottle over there?
Could you blow out those candles near you?
Sometimes they are not visible to either the speaker or listener:
Budapest! That’s my favourite place!

Emotional distance
We sometimes use this, these, that, those to identify emotional distance. We use
this and these to refer to things that we feel positive about, that we are happy to be
associated with, or we approve of:
I love these new woollen mobile phone covers that you can get.
We use that and those to create distance:
What are you going to say to that sister of yours?
I didn’t like the decoration. It had those awful paintings.
What's the Time in English?

Explanation
There are two common ways of telling the time.

Formal but easier way

Say the hours first and then the minutes.

Example: 7:45 - seven forty-five
For minutes 01 through 09, you can pronounce the '0' as oh.
Example: 11:06 - eleven (oh) six

More popular way

Say the minutes first and then the hours. Use past and the preceding hour for
minutes 01 through 30. Use to and the forthcoming hour for minutes 31 through
59, but .

Example: 7.15 - fifteen minutes past seven

Example: 7.45 - fifteen minutes to eight
Another possibility of saying '15 minutes past' is: a quarter past
Another possibility of saying '15 minutes to' is: a quarter to
Another possibility of saying '30 minutes past' is: half past
Example: 5:30 - half past five

Note
Use o'clock only at the full hour.
Example: 7:00 - seven o'clock (but 7:10 - ten past seven)

For times around midnight or midday you can use the

expressions midnight or midday / noon instead of the number 12.
Beispiel: 00:00 - midnight
Beispiel: 12:00 - midday or noon

More formal expressions to indicate whether a time is before noon or after

are a.m. (also: am - ante meridiem, before noon) and p.m. (also: pm - post
meridiem, after noon). Use these expression only with the formal way of telling the
time.
Example: 3:15 - three fifteen a.m.
It is not usual to use a.m. and p.m. with past/to.
Example: 3:15 - fifteen minutes past three OR a quarter past three
American English
Beside past Americans often use after.
Example: 06:10 - ten past/after six
But: in time expressions with half past it is not usual to replace past by after.
Beside to Americans often use before, of or till.
Example: 05:50 - ten to/before/of/till six

6:00

6:05

6:15

6:30
6:35 It's 25 to 7. It's six thirty-five.

6:45 It's quarter to seven. It's six forty-five.

6:55 It's 5 to 7. It's six fifty-five.

7:00 It's 7o'clock.