Professional Documents
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Nuaciones
Nuaciones
Biología IBDP NM
/57
Profesor. Nicolás Guevara Prieto
1
6. A woman who is a carrier for 10. The ACHOO syndrome is an inherited
hemophilia and a man who does not condition that leads to sneezing in
have hemophilia have a child. What is response to bright light and is
the probability that the child will have hypothesized to be inherited in an
hemophilia? autosomal (not sex-linked) dominant
fashion. The following is a pedigree
If it is a girl If it is a boy chart that shows three generations from
one family.
A. 0% 50%
B. 0% 0%
C. 50% 50%
D. 50% 0%
Genotype of Genotype of
mother first baby
– – – – A. X-linked dominant
A. Rh Rh Rh Rh
B. – – + – B. Y-linked dominant
Rh Rh Rh Rh
C. –
Rh Rh
– +
Rh Rh
+ C. X-linked recessive
D. + – + +
Rh Rh Rh Rh D. Y-linked recessive
2
12. Which of the following genotypes is
possible in the offspring of a
homozygous male with blood group A 14. Red-green colour blindness is a sex-
and a female with blood group B? linked condition. Which of the
following always shows normal vision?
A. A homozygous male
A A
A. I I
B. A homozygous female
A
B. I i
C. A heterozygous male
C. ii
D. A heterozygous female
B
D. I i
13. What evidence is given in the pedigree 15. The blood groups of a mother and four
chart below to establish that the children are indicated on the pedigree
condition is caused by a dominant chart below.
allele?
A. Two unaffected parents have What are the possible blood groups of
unaffected children. the father?
B. Two affected parents have A. Group A only
affected children.
B. Group A or B only
C. An affected parent and an
unaffected parent have affected C. Group AB only
children.
D. Group A, B or AB only
D. Two affected parents have an
unaffected child.
A. c only A. 0%
B. C or c only B. 25%
C. CC or cc only C. 50%
D. 100%
18. Hasta dos marcas adicionales están disponibles por la construcción de sus respuestas.
(2)
(a) Los embriones que se producen por fertilización in vitro se pueden seleccionar para tratar
3
enfermedades genéticas. Describa el proceso de fertilización in vitro, e incluya un
ejemplo de una situación de cuando se utiliza.
(9)
(b) Explique, usando un ejemplo, cómo las mujeres, pero no los hombres, pueden ser
portadores de algunos alelos recesivos.
(4)
19. Hasta dos marcas adicionales están disponibles por la construcción de sus respuestas.
(2)
4
Respuestas Prueba 1
1. C
2. D
3. B
4. A
5. D
11. B
6. A 12. D
7. A 13. D
8. B 14. C
9. C 15. B
10. C 16. A
5
Respuestas Prueba 2 sección B
Accept other reasonable situations. Full marks may be awarded only if an example is included in
the answer.
(b) a) females are carriers when they have dominant and recessive alleles together;
b) recessive allele in carrier does not affect phenotype as dominant allele also present;
c) gene is located on the X chromosome / gene is not located on Y chromosome;
d) females are XX so can have dominant and recessive alleles/two alleles of gene;
e) males are XY so only have dominant or recessive allele/one allele of gene;
f) hemophilia/red-green colour blindness/other example of a sex-linked characteristic;
4 max
(c) a) (point) mutation of gene for hemoglobin;
b) CTC to CAC / GAG to GTG / substitution of T/thymine with A/adenine;
c) mRNA copy of gene is GUG instead of GAG;
d) valine instead of glutamic acid;
e) (in homozygotes) red blood cells become sickle-shaped;
f) (in homozygotes) less oxygen carried;
g) (in homozygotes) red blood cells do not survive long / burst / block blood
vessels/capillaries / circulatory problems may cause pain/organ failure/example of
symptom;
h) heterozygotes have malaria resistance;
5 max
(Más un máximo de [2] por calidad)
[20]
2. (a) a) Down syndrome is caused by non-disjunction;
b) occurs during meiosis;
c) chromosome pairs fail to separate in meiosis I / chromatids in meiosis II /anaphase II;
d) some gametes have an extra chromosome;
e) can lead to zygotes/individuals with an extra chromosome / individual has 47
chromosomes;
f) in Down syndrome this would be trisomy 21/extra chromosome 21;
g) increased probability with increased age of mother/ages of parents;
5 max
(b) a) skin colour is an example of polygenic inheritance;
b) many/more than two genes contribute to a person’s skin colour;
c) due to the amount of melanin in the skin;
d) combination of alleles determines the phenotype;
e) allows for range of skin colours / continuous variation of skin colour;
f) phenotypes do not follow simple Mendelian ratios of dominance and recessiveness;
g) the environment also affects gene expression of skin colour /
h) sunlight/UV light stimulate melanin production;
i) the more recessive alleles there are, the lighter the skin colour; (vice versa) 5 max