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INTRODUCTION

Rationale

Hot water is an essential component of many types of sustenance, but acquiring hot water
could be a lengthy process. Some uses of hot water include cleaning, sterilizing, bathing, and cooking.
Water is traditionally heated in vessels known as water heaters, kettles, and cauldrons. Moreover,
fossil fuels (natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas) are commonly used for heating water. The excessive
usage of cooking fuel can cause air pollution and the smoke released by cooking fuels can affect the
living organism’s respiratory health. In the past decade, the invention of water heaters made heating
water more efficient but only offers a limited supply of hot water when used for extended periods and
can waste up to 15% of energy through radiant heat loss.

The researchers came up with Blerken: an innovative tumbler that increases water
temperature when shaken. Blerken is the combination of the words tumbler and shaken. This tumbler
is operated by shaking. The shaking triggers the vibration switch to turn on and it would send signals
to the microcontroller. The microcontroller, which serves as the brain of the whole system, would
activate the CPU heaters and all the other components connected to the circuit. Then the LED light
turns on to let the user know that the mechanism inside Blerken is working. Blerken automatically
turns off when the water temperature reaches 100 ◦C.

Blerken is highly beneficial to those who love to drink coffee; it helps them make coffee even
on work hours, as well as class hours. Workers or students who had below 7 hours of sleep usually get
sleepy by the time they arrived at the workplace or school. These people need something to boost
their energy and bring back their lively selves. They often drink coffee to give them energy and to
stay alert, drinking coffee leads to better outcomes for the work they needed to comply with.

Blerken also helps mothers prepare hot water for their hungry children during the night time.
Mothers with infants usually make hot water for about 7-8 times a day. It will take up for 5 minutes to
prepare their child’s milk. While preparing for their child’s milk, they necessarily have to leave their
child in the room so they can go to the kitchen and make the milk. With the help of this research,
mothers do not need to leave their babies alone so they can make the milk. They just need to fill the
water in the tumbler and shake it for a couple of times and wait for the water to heat up. With the help
of Blerken, mothers can still look after their children while heating water.

In conclusion, Blerken is designed to heat water anytime, and anywhere. It is quick and easy
to use. This helps people conserve water, save their time and energy, and lessen the usage of cooking
fuel. This product is ideal for coffee lovers, mothers with infants, perfect for travellers because it is
portable, so it will not take up much room in your bag.
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Theoretical Background

Vibration Theory

Saint-Venant published his theory on the vibrations of rods in 1867, and Lovepublished an
entire treatise on vibration theory in 1926. The mathematics of vibration theory involves infinite
series, complex functions, and Fourier integral transforms, and its physics involves Newtonian
mechanics and stress analyses. Until recently, except under relatively simple conditions, the
complexity of such mathematics had restrained the application of vibration theory to solving simple
common problems. Now, however, state-of-the-art computers can perform these complex calculations
in a reasonable time frame, making possible a wave of new studies. Love (1926) stated that vibration
is a fluctuating motion about an equilibrium state. There are two types of vibration: deterministic and
random. A deterministic vibration is one that can be characterized precisely, whereas a random
vibration only can be analyzed statistically. The vibration generated by a pumping unit is an example
of a deterministic vibration, and an intermittent sticking problem within the same system is a random
vibration.

In mechanical systems, deterministic vibrations are excitations that elicit a response from a
system, as shown schematically in Fig. 1. In theory, as long as two of the three variables (excitation,
system, and response) are known, the third one can be determined; however, the mathematics might
be challenging. Most often, the response function is sought, so that the excitation function and the
system must be known.

Figure 1: Excitation/response system for deterministic vibrations.

Kinetic Theory of Matter

James Clerk Maxwell and the Austrian physicist Ludwig Boltzmann (1800s) are the
proponents of the kinetic theory of matter. The kinetic theory of matter states that all matter is made
of small particles that are in random motion and that have space between them. This means that no
matter what phase matter is in, it is made of separate, moving particles.

This theory explains a lot about the physical properties of matter and how it behaves. You
might be surprised to learn that the particles of a solid are actually moving, just not enough for you to
see. This type of vibrational movement is why a solid won't change shape no matter what kind of
container you put it in.
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Liquid particles have more energy than solids. The extra energy in this state allows the
particles to move around more freely, and they spread out more than those of a solid, putting more
space between those particles. This is why a liquid will take the shape of its container up to its
surface.

Since gases have even more energy than liquids, their particles are moving around a lot more,
too. This is why a gas will expand to fill its entire container, not just to its surface like a liquid. Not
only do the particles of a solid not move very much, but they're also held very close to each other by
strong attractive forces. These forces are what hold the particles in place and are what give a solid its
fixed size and shape.

On the other hand, the particles of a gas are so far apart that the attractive forces between
them are assumed to be negligible. The particles of a gas are viewed as independent from each other,
meaning that the gas is the opposite of a solid and has neither a fixed size nor shape.

Since the movement of liquid particles is in between a solid and a gas, the attractive forces
between its particles are also in a middle range of the other two phases. Liquid particles have more
freedom than solid particles, which is why a liquid can flow freely. This means that like a gas, a liquid
has no fixed shape. But because the particles aren't quite as free as those of a gas, a liquid does have a
fixed volume.

Review of Related Literature

According to Stockholm (2018), heating and cooling include a wide range of end-use
applications and technologies. In the buildings sector, it includes cooking, water heating, ambient
heating, ambient cooling, and refrigeration. In industry, besides ambient heating and cooling, it also
includes process heating — from low-temperature applications (e.g. in the food industry) to high-
temperature applications (e.g. in the cement, iron and steel industries). Heating and cooling for
residential, commercial and industrial purposes account for a large share of total final energy demand.
For example, in the EU, heating, and cooling in buildings and industry accounts for half of the energy
consumption (a figure estimated by the European Commission). Currently, demand for heating in
buildings and industry outweighs demand for cooling. However, the latter is gradually catching up,
especially due to the increasing demand for air conditioning or refrigeration of food and medical
supplies.

According to Formisano (2019), modern boiler systems for home heating are hydronic
systems, in which the boiler heats water for circulation throughout the house. They are closely related
to the boiler system, but rather than circulating actual steam, hydronic systems have pipes carrying the
hot water that radiates heat through either steel radiators or baseboard convectors (sometimes called
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"fin-tubes"). In these hot water systems, once the radiator or baseboard convector is heated with the
hot water, the cooled water is returned to the boiler to be reheated, and the water circulation loop
continues. A boiler is a bit more complex than a forced air furnace in that it has more parts, valves,
and controls. However, gas-fired boilers are fairly reliable and, when problems do occur, they are
usually related to the expansion tank or water circulation pump(s). According to Brooks (2019) hot
Oil or thermal fluid boilers often are used to heat equipment in process plant applications. High
temperatures can be reached using thermal fluid boilers vs steam. The hot oil or thermal fluid is
heated by passing the thermal fluid around electric heating elements. On larger units, the thermal fluid
is passed through tubes or coils that are heated on the outside by a flame created by burning fuel.
Boilers are used to create steam or hot water for process plant applications. Certain plants use steam
or hot water (vs. a thermal fluid) to heat their reactors and heat exchangers for cooking their products.
Boilers are also crucial in Power Generation plants or Co-Generation Plants where you use steam
turbines to generate electricity. The steam or hot water is heated by passing water either through tubes
(Water Tube) or around tubes that are heated by a flame (Fire Tube and Scotch Marine).
According to McAdams (1954), many types of industrial heat-transfer equipment involve heat
transfer between a surface, usually metallic or refractory, and a fluid that is heated or cooled without
evaporation or condensation. In the power-plant field, illustrations include boilers superheaters,
economizers, preheaters, and condensers. In addition to fluids such as air, combustion gases, water,
and steam, the petroleum industry involves a variety of products ranging from fixed hydrocarbon
gases to very viscous liquids such as lubricating oils and asphalts. Other industries involve heat
transfer to molten metals and slags, acids, and organic liquids. There is a distinct difference between
the mechanism of heat transfer for fluids flowing in turbulent motion on the one hand and streamline
motion on the other. Consequently, certain fact3, notably average velocity of the fluid past the heat-
transfer surface, in general, have a more marked effect upon the rate of heat transmission for fluids
flowing in turbulent motion than in streamline motion. Other factors, such as tube length, have greater
importance for streamline motion than for turbulent flow. Hence these two cases are treated
separately, first consideration being given to the more common turbulent flow.
According to Potter (2009) heat transfer in the preceding sections we considered several work
modes. Transfer of energy that we cannot account for by any of the work modes is called heat
transfer. We can define heat transfer as energy transferred across the boundary of a system due to a
difference in temperature between the system and the surrounding of the system. A process in which
there is zero heat transfer is called an adiabatic process. Such a process is approximately
experimentally by sufficiently insulating the system so that the heat transfer is negligible. An
insulated system in thermodynamics will always be assumed to have zero heat transfer. Consider s
system composed of a hot block and a cold block of equal mass. The hot block contains more energy
than the cold block due to its higher temperature. When the blocks are brought into contact with each
other energy flows from the hot block to the cold one employing heat transfer until the blocks attain a
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thermal equilibrium, with both blocks arriving at the same temperature. Once in thermal equilibrium,
there are no longer any temperature differences therefore, there is no longer any heat transfer. The
energy in the hot block has simply been transferred to the cold block so that if the system is insulated,
the cold block gains the amount of energy lost by the hot block.
According to Hero (2010), in 200 B. C., a very simple machine used the steam, generated in a
vessel heated from below, to rotate a wheel as the steam escaped through two small pipes kept
diametrically opposite, he called it as Aelopile. A boiler can be defined as a closed vessel in which
water or other fluid is heated under pressure. This fluid is then circulated out of the boiler for use in
various processes or power generation. In the case of power generation steam is taken out of the steam
boiler at very high pressure and temperature Boiler classification can be based on many factors like
usage, fuel fired, fuel firing system, type of arrangement, etc. Commonly known types are pulverized
coal-fired boilers, fluidized bed boilers, supercritical boilers, oil, and gas-fired boilers. All cater to
industrial and power generation.

Definition of Terms

 Arduino nano is a small, complete, and breadboard-friendly board

based

 Capacitor a device that is used to store electrical energy.

 Conductor a material capable of transmitting another form of

energy (such as heat or sound).

 CPU (central processing unit) is a core component of what

makes a computer a computer, but it isn’t the

computer itself — it’s just the brains of the

operation.

 Insulator a material that is a poor conductor (as of electricity

or heat).

 Land grid array is a type of surface-mount packaging for integrated

circuits (ICs) that is notable for having the pins on

the socket rather than the integrated circuit.

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 Resistor a device that has electrical resistance and that is used

in an electric circuit for protection, operation, or

current control.

 Thermal being or involving a state of matter dependent upon

temperature.

 Tumbler a drinking glass without foot or stem and originally

with pointed or convex base

GND

Pin

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

The researchers will utilize the experimental research design to test the product. In an
experiment, an independent variable (the number of single-direction shakes) is manipulated and the
dependent variable (final temperature of water) is measured; any extraneous variables are controlled.
In conducting this type of research design is the objectivity. The views and opinions of the researchers
should not affect the results of a study. This makes the data more valid, and less bias.

Product Design

Research Procedure

The following are the materials needed in making the Blerken:

Materials Quantity Price

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1 150 php

Circuit Box( 3x2)

1m 45 php

Wires (black and red)

1 7 php

Transistor

4 8 php

Resistor ( 2 pcs 1kΩ, 2 pcs 120kΩ)

1 90 php

Resin filler
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1 88 php

Epoxy resin
1 10 php

Green LED Light

1 20 php

Prototype Board
2 130 php

LM61 temperature sensor

3 12 php

Capacitor

1 500 php

CPU (Intel core Quad q6600)

1 1476.14 php

Arduino nano
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1 99 php

Coin holder
battery
1 153 php

Shake Switch
2 90 php

Lithium Coin Battery

1 290

Aluminum Tumbler
1 39 php

30 mm Insulation Polyimide Tape

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Bibliography

McAdams, W. (2009).Heat Transmission: Heating and Cooling Inside Tubes. Quezon City: JMC

PRESS, INCORPORATED

Potter, M. (2009). Thermodynamics Demystified: Heat Transfer. United States: The McGraw-Hill

Companies, Inc.

PTC Heat Conductors.(2019). Retrieved from

https://www.pelonistechnologies.com/ptc-conductors

PTC Heating Technology Benefits.(2019). Retrieved from

https://www.pelonistechnologies.com/blog/three-benefits-of-ptc-heating-technology

Saxena, M. (2010).Thermodynamics and Heat Engines: Boilers. India: ANMOL PUBLICATIONS

PVT. LTD

Stockholm, S. (2018, August 30). Heating and Cooling. Retrieved from

https://www.irena.org/heatingcooling

Voorst, J. (1867). The Mechanical Theory of Heat: With Its Applications to the Steam-engine and to

the Physical Properties of Bodies.Cambridge:Harvard University