உள்ளாட்சி அமைப்பு

உள்ளாட்சி அமைப்பு

fpuhkq;fspYs;s efuq;fspYk; thOk; M) jyq;fspy; nghJeyr; Nritfs;

kf;fspd; ey;tho;it caHj;Jtjw;fhd nra;tjd; %yk; jdpg;gl;ltHfis ey;y
topKiwfis tFj;J mitfis nrt;tNd Fbkf;fshf;FtJ:
nray;gLj;JtNj jy Ra Ml;rp epWtdj;jpd;
Kf;fpa Fwpf;NfhshFk;. ,J> murhq;f ,) fpuhk efHg;gFjpfspy; rPuhd jpl;l
mikg;gpypUe;J vt;thW NtWghLfpwJ vd;why; tsHr;rpfs; nfhz;Ltu cjTjy;:
rl;lkd;w> Ml;rpj;Jiw ePjpj;Jiw Mfpa %d;W
<) jy tUtha; tha;g;Gfisg; ngUf;fpg;
mikg;G Kiwfisf; nfhz;lJ murhq;fk;.
nghJeyj;jpw;F cgNahfg;gLj;Jjy;:
jyRa Ml;rp epWtdk; ehL KOtJk;
c) $l;lhd Kiwapy; r%f> nghUshjhu
my;yhky; mq;fq;F gy gFjpfspy; thOk; kf;fs;
fyhr;rhu tsHr;rpfSf;F cjTjy;.
njhifapd; eyDf;fhf nray;gLfpwJ. xU gFjp
vy;iyf;Fs; vOk; rpf;fy;fs; Nghd;witfs; jkpo;ehl;by; cs;s gQ;rhaj;J muR
mjDila mjpfhu tuk;gpw;Fl;gl;lit.
mikg;G
jy Ra Ml;rpapd; mtrpak; jkpo;ehl;by; gQ;rhaj;J muR
jy Ra Ml;rp rpy fhuzq;fshy; xU Kiw>„jkpo;ehL gQ;rhaj;J rl;lk;’ 1958-d; gb
mtrpakhd epWtdkhfpwJ. jw;fhyj;jpy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. ,e;j Kiw fpuhkg; gQ;rhaj;J
murpayikg;Gg; nghpajhfpAk; mjd; gzpfs; mbg;gilapy; mike;Js;sJ. ,jw;F Nkyhfg;
ngUfpAk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. gQ;rhaj;J xd;wpaq;fSk;> khtl;l tsHr;rpf;
FOf;fSk; cs;sd.
muR nghpa mikg;ghfTk; mjpy; thOk;
kf;fs; njhifAk; ngUfp ,Ug;gjhy; xU ehl;bd; ,e;jg; Gjpa mikg;G Kiwapy;> khtl;l
murhq;fk; rpwe;j Kiwapy; nray;glTk; mjd; fofq;fs;(Boards) mfw;wg;gl;Lg; gQ;rhaj;J
gy;Ntwhd gFjpfspy; thOk; kf;fspd; Fwpg;gpl;l xd;wpaq;fs; mtw;wpd; thhpRfshf Mapd.
Njitfis ftdpf;fTk; fbdkhapUf;fpwJ.
gQ;rhaj;J xd;wpaj;jpd; gug;gsT r%f
xU ehl;by; vOk; rpf;fy;fs; ,lj;jpw;fplk; gug;gsT r%f Kd;Ndw;wj; jpl;lj;jpYs;s
khWgl;l jd;ikAilait. xNu jd;ikAilait mgptpUj;jp mikg;Gfs;; rk vy;iy mikg;Gfshf
my;y. vy;yh rpf;fy;fisAk; xNu khjphpahd mikf;fg;gl;ld. fpuhk kl;lq;fspd; kf;fshy;
Kiwapy; jPHT fhz KbahJ. Nehpilahfj; jq;fSf;Fs; xUtiuj; jiytuhfj;
NjHe;njLf;fpd;wdH.
vdNt mjpfhuj;ijg; gphpj;J gd;Kfg;gLj;jp
me;je;j jyq;fspYs;s kf;fsplk; xg;gilg;gjd; ,g;nghOJ gQ;rhaj;Jj; jiytiuAk;
%yk; mtHfNs jq;fsJ jyq;fspd; Njitfis Nehpilahf kf;fshy; NjHe;njLg;gjw;F xU
MHtj;Jld; nray;gLj;j KbfpwJ. Kaw;rp ,Uf;fpwJ. gQ;rhaj;J A+dpadpy; mjd;
mjpfhuj;jpw;Fl;gl;l gQ;rhaj;Jf; fTd;rpypd;
NtW rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy; jy Ra Ml;rp jiytHfs; mq;fj;jpdHfshf cs;sdH. ,tHfs;>
epWtdk; nra;Ak; gzpfs; gQ;rhaj;J A+dpad; jiytiuj;
NjHe;njLf;fpd;wdH.
rpy khWgl;l re;jHg;gq;fspy; Ntw rpy
Fwpg;gpl;l gzpfisAk; jy Ra Ml;rp jkpo;ehl;bYs;s gQ;rhaj;J muR
Nkw;nfhs;fpwJ. epWtdq;fspd; mikg;igf; fPo;f;fz;lthW
tpthpf;fyhk;.
m) jyq;fspy; Ra Ml;rp cWg;Gfshf
,Ue;J gzpGhpe;J: 1. gQ;rhaj;Jfs;

m) fpuhkg; gQ;rhaj;Jfs;
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 உள்ளாட்சி அமைப்பு

M) efug; gQ;rhaj;Jfs; efHg;Gw cs;shl;rp murhq;fspd; mikg;ghf;fk;

kw;Wk; nray;ghLfs; kPJ ngUk; mstpyhd
2. gQ;rhaj;J A+dpad; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jpAs;sd.
3. khtl;l mgptpUj;jpf; fTd;rpy; Njhw;wk;
4. khepy kl;lj;jpYs;s gQ;rhaj;J gy;te;j;uha; Nkj;jh fkpl;b
mgptpUj;jp fTd;rpy;
 rKjha Nkk;ghl;Lj; jpl;lk; (1952) kw;Wk;
cs;shl;rp murhq;f mikg;Gfs;> Njrpa tphpTgLj;jg;gl;l gzpfs; (1953)
,e;jpahtpy; ,uz;L tifahf cs;sd: Mfpatw;wpd; nray;ghL Fwpj;J Ma;T
xUtifahf fpuhkg;Gwg; gFjpfSf;Fk;> kw;nwhU nra;a ,e;jpa murhq;fk 1957-y;; fkpl;b
tif efHg;Gwg; gFjpfSf;Fkhf xd;iw mikj;jJ. ,f;fkpl;bapd; jiytH
Vw;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. fpuhkg;Gw cs;shl;rp gy;te;j;uha; [P.Nkj;jh MthH.
mikg;GKiw gQ;rhaj;Juh[; mikg;G vd;W  ,f;fkpl;b jdJ mwpf;ifia 1957-k;Mz;L
mwpag;gLfpwJ. efHg;Gw cs;shl;rp mikg;G> etk;ghpy; rkHg;gpj;jJ.
ntt;NtW ngUefuq;fSf;Fk; rpWefuq;fSk;  NkYk; kf;fshl;rp gutyhf;fy;
%d;W tifahd epHthf epWtd Vw;ghLfs; (Decentralised Democracy) jpl;lj;ij
nfhz;litahf mike;Js;sd. epiyepWj;j ghpe;Jiu mspj;jJ.
 ,jd; ,Wjpahfj; Njhd;wpaNj gQ;rhaj;J
1992-Mk; Mz;L 73 kw;Wk; 27-tJ murpayikg;Gr; ,uh[;ak; MFk;.
rl;lj;jpUj;jq;fs;> gQ;rhaj;J uh[; mikg;G kw;Wk; ,jd; Kf;fpa ghpe;Jiufshtd

%d;wLf;F Kiw

fpuhk gQ;rhaj;J gQ;rhaj;J rkpjp [py;yh ghp\j;

(fpuhk kl;lj;jpy;) (tl;l – mstpy;) (khtl;l mstpy;)

gpujpepjpfs; Neubahf kiwKfkhfj; kiwKfkhfj;

NjHe;njLf;fg;gLtH NjHe;njLf;fg;gLtH NjHe;njLf;fg;gLtH

nrayhf;f mikg;G MNyhrid>

xUq;fpizj;jy;
(Executive body) kw;Wk;
Nkw;ghHit nra;Ak;
mikg;G

khtl;l Ml;rpaH
jiytuhf ,Ug;ghH

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 உள்ளாட்சி அமைப்பு

 gQ;rhaj;J mikg;G Kjd; Kjypy; gQ;rhaj;J uh[; Kiwia tYg;gLj;j

,e;jpahtpy; uh[];jhdpy; epWtg;gl;lJ. eltbf;if vLj;jd.
mf;NlhgH – 2 – 1959y; efhT+H khtl;lk;.
 ,uz;lhtjhf Me;jpuhtpy; 1959 – y; [P.tp.Nf. uht; fkpl;b
epWtg;gl;lJ.
 jpl;l FOthy; 1985-k; Mz;by; fpuhkg;Gw
mNrhf; Nkj;jh fkpl;b Nkk;ghL kw;Wk; tWik xopg;G jpl;lq;fspd;
eph;thf nray;ghL Fwpj;J Muha;tjw;F
 1977 – k; Mz;L brk;ghpy; [djh [P.tp.Nf.uht; jiyikapy; FO
murhq;fj;jhy; mNrhf;Nkj;jh jiyikapy; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.
gQ;rhaj;J uh[; epWtd fkpl;b xd;W  ,f;fkpl;bapd; KbthdJ gQ;rhaj;J
cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. uh[;aj;ij gd;Kfg;gLj;jp mjd; Nkk;ghl;L
 1978 – Mf];by; jdJ mwpf;ifia FO nray;ghLfis mjpfhu tHf;fj;jplk;
rkHg;gpj;jJ. gbg;gbahf xg;gilf;f Ntz;Lk;.
 NkYk; rPHNfL mike;J tUk; gQ;rhaj;J
uh[; mikg;ig GJg;gpf;fTk; kw;Wk;
vy;.vk;.rpq;tp fkpl;b
tYg;gLj;jTk; 132 – ghpe;Jiufis Kd;  1986-y; uh[Pt; fhe;jp murhq;fj;jhy;
itj;jJ. vy;.vk;.rpq;tp jiyikapy; kf;fshl;rp kw;Wk;
 ,jd; Kf;fpa ghpe;Jiufshtd: Nkk;ghl;bw;fhf gQ;rhaj;J uh[; mikg;gpw;F
 3–mLf;F gQ;rhaj;J Kiwia Gj;JapH Cl;l mikf;fg;gl;lJ. ,f;FOtpd;
ePf;fptpl;L mjw;F gjpy; 2–mLf;F ghpe;Jiufshtd:
Kiw nfhz;L tu Ntz;Lk;.  fpuhk FOf;fis cs;slf;fpa epaha
gQ;rhaj;J mikf;f Ntz;Lk;
2- mLf;F Kiw
 fpuhk gQ;rhaj;Jf;fis jpwikkpf;fjhf;f
fpuhkq;fis kWrPuikf;f Ntz;Lk;.
 NkYk; Neub kf;fshl;rpahfTk; fpuhk
rigapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij
kz;lyg;gQ;rhaj;J [py;yh ghp\j; typAWj;JtjhfTk; mJ ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;
gy fpuhk FOf;fis (khtl;l mstpy;) vd;wJ.
cs;slf;fpaJ kf;fs;
njhif 15>000 Kjy;
20>000 tiu ,Uf;f Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
Ntz;Lk;  fpuhkrgh
 %d;W – mLf;F Kiw
 [djh murhq;fk; jdJ KOg;  cWg;gpdH kw;Wk; jiytiu NjHe;njLj;jy;
gjtpf;fhyj;ijAk; G+Hj;jp nra;ahky;  fpuhkgQ;rhaj;J> ,ilepiy kw;Wk; khtl;l
fiye;Jtpl;ljpdhy; mNrhf; Nkj;jh fkpl;b mstpy; cs;s midj;J cWg;gpdHfk;
ghpe;Jiufis nmray; gLj;j Kbahky; kf;fshy; Neubahf NjHe;njLf;fg;gLtH.
Nghapw;W.  ,Wjpahf ,ilepiy gQ;rhaj;Jj; jiytH
 vdpDk; fHehlfk;> Nkw;Ftq;fk; kw;Wk; kw;Wk; khtl;l mstpyhd jiytH
Me;jpugpuNjrk; Mfpa %d;W khepyq;fs; NjHe;njLg;gJ njhlHghf khepy rl;lkd;wk;
KbntLf;Fk;.

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 உள்ளாட்சி அமைப்பு

 vdpDk; fpuhk gQ;rhaj;J jiytiu  me;j xd;wpaj;ijr; NrHe;j ehlhSkd;w

Nju;e;njLg;gJ njhlh;ghf khepy rl;lkd;wk; rl;lkd;w. rl;l Nkyit cWg;gpdHfs;.
KbntLf;Fk;.  Neubahfj; NjHe;njLf;fg;gl;l rpy
cWg;gpdHfs;
,l xJf;fPL  me;j xd;wpaj;jpypUe;J khtl;l
 Mjp jpuhtplH kw;Wk; goq;FbapdUf;F Cuhl;rp([py;yhghp\j;)apd;
njhFjp xJf;fPL nra;ag;gLfpwJ. NjHe;njLf;fg;gl;l cWg;gpdHfs;.
 %d;wpy; xU gq;Ff;F Fiwahky;> Mjp  me;j xd;wpaj;jpd; rpy mYtyHfs; -
jpuhtplH kw;Wk; goq;FbapdH> ngz;fSf;F MfpNahH.
xJf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.  xt;nthU gQ;rhaj;J rkpjpapd; gjtpf;fhyk;
vd;gJ vy;yh khepyq;fspYk; Ie;J
gQ;rhaj;J mikg;gpd; gzpf;fhyk; Mz;LfshFk;. xt;nthU gQ;rhaj;J
 gQ;rhaj;J mikg;G xt;nthU 5 Mz;Lfs; rkpjpAk; mjDila KjyhtJ $l;lj;jpy;>
gzpahw;Wk;. rkpjp cWg;gpdHfSs; ,uz;L Ngiuj;
 vdpDk; gzpf;fhyj;jpw;F Kd;Ng jiytuhfTk;> Jizj; jiytuhfTk;
fiyf;fg;glyhk; ,Wjpahf(Gjpjhf NjHjy; NjHe;njLj;Jf; nfhs;Sk;.
elj;jp G+Hj;jp nra;ayhk;)  gQ;rhaj;J rkpjpfspy %d;wpy; xU gq;F
 5 – Mz;L gzpf;fhyj;jpw;F Kd;G my;yJ jiytH gjtpaplq;fs;> ngz;
gzpf;fhyk; fhyhtjpahtjw;F Kd;G cWg;gpdHfSf;fhf kl;LNk xJf;fPL
fiye;Jtpl;lhy; midj;J epiyfspYk; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. mNj Nghy> gl;baypd;
gQ;rhaj;J Ie;J Mz;L fhyepiyiag; rhjpfisr; NrHe;j cWg;gpdHfSf;F vd;W
ngw;Ws;sJ. jiytH gjtpaplq;fspy; rpy xJf;fPL
 Mdhy; mjd; fhyk; Kbtjw;Fs; mJ nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd.
fiyf;fg;gl KbAk;. NkYk; Ie;J Mz;L  gQ;rhaj;J rkpjpapd; gjtpf;fhyk; KbAk;
fhyk; Kbtjw;Fs; mjw;fhd gQ;rhaj;J NghJ jiythpd; gjtpf;fhyKk; KbAk;
NjHe;njLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. me;j NjHjy;> tifapy; tif nra;ag; gl;Ls;sJ.
gQ;rhaj;J fiyf;fg;gl;l gpd; MW gQ;rhaj;J rkpjpapd; cWg;gpdHfs;> %d;wpy;
khjj;jpw;Fs; eilngw Ntz;Lk;. ,uz;L gq;F ngUk;ghd;ikAld;
epiwNtw;wg;gLk; xU jPHkhdj;jpd; %yk;
jiytiug; gjtp ePf;fk; nra;a KbAk;.
gQ;rhaj;J rkpjpapd; mikg;ghf;fk;
 xU gQ;rhaj;J rkpjp> tof;fkhf XH
 gQ;rhaj;J rkpjp vd;gJ> gQ;rhaj;J uh[; Mz;bw;Fs; Fiwe;jgl;rk; MWKiw $l;lk;
mikg;gpd; ,ilepiy my;yJ kj;jpa elj;j Ntz;Lk;. mjDila ,uz;L
mLf;fhFk;. mjhtJ> XH xd;wpj;jpy; cs;s $l;lq;fSf;F eLNt ,uz;L khjq;fSf;F
Cuhl;rpfspd; vy;yh eltbf;iffisAk; ,J Nky; ,ilntsp Neuf;$lhJ.
xUq;fpizg;gjhFk;. xU gQ;rhaj;J rkpjp
gpd;tUk; cWg;gpdHfshy;
mikf;fg;gLtjhFk;. khtl;l Cuhl;rp kd;w ([py;yh hp\j;)j;jpd;
 Cuhl;rp xd;wpaj;jpw;Fs; mike;Js;s mikg;ghfk;
fpuhk Cuhl;rpfspd; jiytHfs; my;yJ  [py;yh ghp\j; - khtl;l Cuhl;rp kd;wk;
midj;J rHghQ;r;fs; (Kf;fpa];jHfs;) vd;gJ> gQ;rhaj;J uh[; mikg;gpd; ,Wjp
caHepiyapy; %d;whtJ mLf;fhf cs;sJ.

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 உள்ளாட்சி அமைப்பு

 ,t;tikg;G khtl;l mstpy; mike;Js;sJ. tpjpf;fg;gLk; thp> Rq;fthp> Vw;Wkjp thp

[py;yh ghp\j;jpd; gjtpf;fhyKk; Ie;J Mfpa thpfisg; gfpHjy;.
Mz;LfshFk;. ,jDila rpy cWg;gpdHfs;  gQ;rhaj;jhy; tR+ypf;fg;gl Ntz;ba thp
Neubahfj; NjHe;njLf;fg;gl;ltHfs;. Rq;fthp kw;Wk; fl;lzq;fs; Mfpait.
 gQ;rhaj;J rkpjpfspd; jiytHfs; gjtpg;  khepy njhFepjpapypUe;J
nghWg;G top cWg;gpdHfshtH. xU gQ;rhaj;JfSf;fhd cjtpj;njhif
khtl;lj;ijr; NrHe;j ehlhSkd;w  gQ;rhaj;Jfspd; epjpepiyia caHj;Jk;
cWg;gpdHfSk;> rl;lkd;w cWg;gpdHfSk; mstPLfs;
$l [py;yh ghp\j;jpd; cWg;gpdHfNsahtH.
 gQ;rhaj;Jfspd; eyDf;fhf epjpepiyia
 khtl;l Cuhl;rp kd;wj;jpd; jiytHfs; cah;j;j MSeuhy; epjpf; FOtpw;F
Neubahfj; NjHe;njLf;fg;gl;l gupe;Jiuf;fg;gLk; tptuq;fs;.
cWg;gpdHfspilapypUe;J NjHT
nra;ag;gLthHfs;. %d;wpy; xU gq;F 11 – tJ ml;ltiz
vz;zpf;iff;Ff; Fiwahj cWg;gpdH/
jiyik ,lq;fs; ngz; cWg;gpdHfSf;fhd  ,t;tl;lizapy; fpuhkgQ;rhaj;jpw;F chpa
vd xJf;fPL nra;ag;gl;L cs;sit. 29 ,dq;fs; cs;sd.
 gl;baypd; rhjpfSf;Fk;> gl;baypd; goq;Fb
,dj;jtUf;Fk; $l ,lq;fs; xJf;fPL
nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. efu gQ;rhaj;J uh[;

khepy NjHjy; Mizak;

 gQ;rhaj;J NjHjy;fis Nkw;ghHitapLjy;>
topelj;Jjy;> kw;Wk; NjHjy; elj;ij  1687-88y; ,e;jpahtpd; Kjy; Kdprpgy;
tpjpKiwfis jahhpj;jy; kw;Wk; fhHg;gNu\dhf nkl;uh]; mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ.
xOq;FgLj;Jjy; Nghd;w midj;J  1726-y; gk;gha; kw;Wk; fy;fj;jh Mfpad
gzpfisAk; khepy NjHjy; Mizak; Kdprpgy; fhHg;gNu\dhf mwptpf;fg;gl;ld.
Nkw;nfhs;fpwJ.  1882-y; hpg;gd; gpuGthy; ntspapl;lg;gl;l
 jw;Nghija jkpo;ehL khepy NjHjy; jPHkhdkhdJ jy Rahl;rpd; kfhrhrdkhf
MizaH Nrh.IaH jpfo;fpwJ.
 hpg;gd; gpuG jy Rahl;rpapd; je;ij vd
khepy epjp Mizak; miof;fg;gLfpwhH.
 gQ;rhaj;J kw;Wk; efuhl;rpapd; epjp  1992-k; Mz;L 74-tJ murpayikg;G
epiyia Muha;e;J MSehplk; ghpe;Jiufs; jpUj;jr;rl;lk; %yk; efu gQ;rhaj;Juh[;
nra;tjw;F> MSeH xt;nthU Ie;jhz;bw;Fk; nfhz;Ltug;gl;lJ. ,r;rl;lk; 1.8.1993-y;
epjpf;FO mikf;f Ntz;Lk;. eilKiwf;F te;jJ.
 fPo;tUtdtw;iw MSk; nfhs;iffs;  ,r;rl;lj;jpd; thapyhf murpayikg;gpy;
njhlHghf MSehplk; ghpe;Jiufs; gFjp IX Avd;w Gjpa gFjpAk; \uj;Jf;fs;
Vw;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. 243p Kjy; 243ZG tiuAk;
 khepyq;fSf;Fk; gQ;rhaj;J kw;Wk; cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
efuhl;rpfSf;Fk; ,ilNa khepyq;fshy;  NkYk;XII - tJ ml;ltizapy; efu
gQ;rhaj;J uh[;[pw;F vd 18 ,dq;fSk;
nfhz;Ltug;gl;Ls;sd.

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 உள்ளாட்சி அமைப்பு

 tsHr;rpj; jpl;lq;fisj; jahhpg;gjw;Fk;>

1992-Mk; Mz;bd; 74-tJ murpay; mtw;iwj; njhFg;gjw;Fk; khtl;l mstpy;
khtl;l jpl;lf; FOitAk;> xt;nthU
rl;lj;jpUj;jk;
khepyj;jpd; khefuq;fspd; gFjpfspy;
NkNy Fwpg;gpl;lthW> 1992-Mk; Mz;bd; 74-
khefuj; jpl;lf; FOitAk; mikj;jy;.
tJ murpay; mikg;Gj; jpUj;jr; rl;lk;> efHg;Gw
cs;shl;rp murhq;fj;jpd; fl;likg;gpYk;>
nray;ghl;bYk; Fwpg;gplj;jFe;j khw;wq;fisf; khefuhl;rpfs;
nfhzHe;jJ. gpd;tUk; mk;rq;fs; ftdpg;Gf;F  khepy rl;lkd;wq;fshy; epiwNtw;wg;gl;l
chpait. rl;lq;fspy; tpjpf;fg;gl;lthW> ngUk;
 efHg;Gw cs;shl;rp mikg;Gfs;(khefuhl;rp> efuq;fspy; khefuhl;rpfs; epWtg;gl;Ls;sd.
efuhl;rp> efug;gQ;rhaj;J vd khefuhl;rpfspd; cWg;gpdHfs; Ie;jhz;L
miof;fg;gLgit)xt;NthH ,e;jpa gjtpf; fhyj;jpw;Fj;
khepyj;jpYk; mikf;fg;gLjy;. NjHe;njLf;fg;gLfpd;wdH.
 xU efuhl;rpapd; MSifFl;gl;l gFjpapy;  NjHe;njLf;fg;gl;l cWg;gpdHfs;>
mbkl;l mstpy Fbikapay; jq;fSf;Fs; xUtiu Mz;L NjhWk;
tptfhuq;fspy; nghJkf;fspd; gq;Nfw;ig khkd;wj; jiytuhf(Nkauhf) NjHT
cWjp nra;tjw;fhf thHLfs; FOf;fis nra;fpd;wdH. NkaH khefuj;jpd; KjyhtJ
mikj;jy;: Fbkfdhff; fUjg;gLfpwhH.
 khepy NjHjy; Mizaq;fshy;  khefuhl;rp fiyf;fg;gLk; gl;rj;jpy;> mLj;j
KiwahfTk;> epahakhfTk; efuhl;rpj; MW khj fhyj;jpw;Fs; NjH;;jy;fs;
NjHjy;fis elj;jr;nra;jhy;. elj;jg;gl Ntz;baJ fl;lhakhFk;.
 6 khjq;fSf;F Nky; Nghfhky; efHg;Gw  khefuhl;rpfspy;> Kjd;ik nray; epHthf
murhq;fq;fspd; R+g;gH nr\Df;fhd tpjp: mjpfhhpahfg; gzpahw;w Ntz;batuhd
 efuhl;rpapy; r%fj;jpd; gytPdkhd gphpT khefuhl;rp MizaH vd;w mjpfhug;G+Ht
(mjhtJ v];rp/v];b/gpd;jq;fpa tFg;gpdH) gzpaplk; cz;L.
kf;fSf;fhfTk;> ngz;fSf;fhfTk;  ,e;j MizaH khepy murhq;fj;jpdhy;
,lq;fis xJf;fPL nra;tjd; %yk; epakpf;fg;gLgtH MthH. nly;yp Nghd;w
toq;Fjy;. kj;jpa MSiff;Fl;gl;l gFjpfspd;
 efuhl;rpfSf;Fk;> thHLfs; fkpl;bfSf;Fk; tp\aj;jpy; ,g;gzp epakdk; eilngWk;
mspf;fg;gl Ntz;ba (epjpapay; mjpfhuq;fs; nray; Kiwia kj;jpa muR Nkw;nfhs;Sk;.
cl;gl) mjpfhuq;fs; kw;Wk; nray;ghl;Lg;
nghWg;Gfs; Mfpatw;iw rl;lj;jpdhy; Nkahpd; Kf;fpakhd gzpfs;
Fwpg;ghf tiuaWj;J khepy rl;lkd;wq;fs;  NkaH vd;gtH khefuhl;rpapd;
%yk; toq;Fjy;. NjHe;njLf;fg;gl;l jiytH MthH. gpd;tUk;
 xt;NthH Ie;jhz;LfSf;F xUKiwAk; Kf;fpakhd nray;ghLfis mtH
khepy epjpf;FOf;fis mik;j;J> Nkw;nfhs;SthH.
efuhl;rpfspd; epjp epiyikfis kPsha;T  khefuhl;rpapd; $l;lq;fisj; jiyik
nra;tJld;> mtw;wpd; epjp epiyfis tfpj;J elj;JtJld;> mf;$l;lq;fspy;
Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;F Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;ba xOq;ifAk;> khkd;w kuGfisAk;
eltbf;iffspd; kPjhd ghpe;Jiufis guhkhpg;gJ:
cUthf;Ftjw;Fk; Mtz nra;jy;: kw;Wk;>

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 உள்ளாட்சி அமைப்பு

 khepy murhq;fj;jpw;Fk;> khkd;w  Ke;ija efHGwg; gFjpf; FOf;fs;

cWg;gpdHfSf;Fk; ,ilNa XH ,izg;Gg; midj;Jk;(5>000j;jpw;F Nky;> 20>000j;jpw;Ff;
ghykhfr; nray;gLjy;: Fiwthd nkhj;j kf;fs; njhifiaf;
 khefiug; ghHitapl tUif jUk; nfhz;l efHg;Gw ikaq;fs;) efHg;
may;ehl;Lg; gpuKfHfSf;F tuNtw;gspj;jy;. gQ;rhaj;Jfs; vd tiuaWf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
 ,it xU jiytiuAk;> thHL
efuhl;rpfs; cWg;gpdHfisAk; ngw;wpUg;gitahFk;.
 kpfg;ngUk; vz;zpf;ifapy; kf;fs; Fiwe;jJ gj;J NjHe;njLf;fg;gl;l thHL
njhifiaf; nfhz;buhj rpW efuq;fspy; cWg;gpdHfisAk;> %d;W epakd
cWg;gpdHfisAk; ,J ngw;wpUf;fyhk;.
efuhl;rpfs; mikfpd;wd. cs;SH
efuq;fisAk;> mtw;wpd; gpur;ridfisAk;>
tsHr;rpg; gzpfisAk; ,e;efuhl;rpffs; efH gQ;rhaj;Jfspd; tiffs;
ftdpj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;wd.  ,e;jpahtpy; 8-tifahd efu gQ;rhaj;J
 xt;nthU efuhl;rpAk;> me;efhpd; taJ te;j uh[; Kiw cs;sJ.
thf;fhsHfshy; NjHe;njLf;fg;gLgtHfshd  Kdprpgy; fhHg;gNu\d;> Kdprpghypl;b>
efHkd;w cWg;gpdHfisf; mwptpf;fg;gl;l gFjp fkpl;b> efu gFjp
nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. fkpl;b> fz;Nlhd;nkd;l; NghHL> lTd;\pg;>
 khepy NjHjy; Mizaj;jhy; NghHl; l;u];l; kw;Wk; rpwg;G Njit Kfik
tiuaWf;fg;gl;L tpjpf;fg;gLfpw
epge;jidfisg; G+Hj;jp nra;fpwtHfs; ahNuh khefuhl;rp(Municipal Corporation)
mtHfs; kl;LNk efHkd;w cWg;gpdHfshfj;
 nly;yp> Kk;ig> nfhy;fj;jh> i`juhghj;>
NjHe;njLf;fg;gl KbAk;.
ngq;fSH Nghd;w ,ju nghpa efuq;fspd;
 efuhl;rp kd;wf; FOtpd; jiytH>
epHthfj;jpw;fhf Kdprpgy; fhHg;gNurd;
NjHe;njLf;fg;gl;l cWg;gpdHfshy; mtHfs;
cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
eLtpypUe;J NjHe;njLg;gLfpwhH. mtH
 ,tw;wpid khepyj;jpy; Vw;gLj;JtJ
my;yJ mts;> jiytH gjtpia> me;efH
rk;ge;jg;gl;l khepy rl;lkd;wkhFk; kw;Wk;
kd;wj;jpd; NjHe;njLf;fg;gl;l
A+dpad; gFjpapy; ghuhSkd;w rl;lj;jpd;
cWg;gpdHfSs; ngUk;ghd;ikNahhpd;
thapyhf Vw;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
ek;gpf;ifiaj; jhq;fs; ngw;wpUf;Fk; fhyk;
 Kdprpgy; fhHg;gNurd; %d;W mikg;Gfshf
tiu tfpf;f KbAk;.
nray;gLfpwJ.
 xt;nthU efH kd;wj;jpw;Fk; xU nray;
 fTd;rpy;(jiytH/NkaH)
epHthf mjpfhhpia khepy murhq;fk;
epakdk; nra;fpwJ mtH/mts;> md;whlg;  epiyf; FO kw;Wk;
fzpfisAk;> epHthfj;ijAk; ftdpj;Jf;  fkp\dH(IAS)
nfhs;fpwtuhf ,Ug;ghH.
efuhl;rp(Municipality)
efu gQ;rhaj;;Jfs;  ,J efuq;fs; kw;Wk; rpwpa khefuq;fis
 30>000-j;jpw;F mjpfkhd> xU ,yl;rj;jpw;Fk; epHtfpg;gjw;fhf Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;lJ.
Fiwthd FbapUg;Nghiuf; nfhz;l xU  efuhl;rpAk;> khefuhl;rpia NghyNt %d;W
efHg;Gw ikak;> xU efu gQ;rhaj;ijg; mikg;Gfshf nray;gLfpwJ.
ngw;wpUf;Fk;. vg;gbahapDk;> rpy 1. fTd;rpy;
tpjptpyf;FfSk; mq;Fz;L> 2. epiyf;FO

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 உள்ளாட்சி அமைப்பு

3. Kjd;ik epHthf mjpfhhp (PortTrust)

 ,J Kk;ig> nfhy;fj;jh> nrd;id Nghd;w
mwptpf;fg;gl;l gFjp FO JiwKfg;gFjpfspy; JiwKfj;ij
(Notified Area Committee) epHtfpg;gjw;Fk;> ghJfhg;gjw;Fk;> Fbik
 ,J ,U tifahd gFjpfis trjpfisj; jUtjw;Fk;
epHtfpg;gjw;fhf Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;lJ.  Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gLfpwJ.
 njhopy;kakhjyhy; tpiuthf tsUk; efuk;  ,J NjHe;njLf;fg;gl;l kw;Wk; epakpf;fg;gl;l
kw;Wk; efuhl;rpahtjw;fhd jFjpfis cWg;gpdHfisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.
ngwhj Mdhy; khepy murhy;
Kf;fpakhdjhf fUjg;gLk; efuk;.
rpwg;G fhuz Kfik
 ,f;FOtpy; NrHkd; cs;spl;l midj;J
(Special Purpose Agency)
cWg;gpdHfSk; khepy murhy;
epakpf;fg;gl;ltHfs;. MfNt ,J  ,it xU fhuz kfik my;yJ
NjHe;njLf;fg;gl;l mikg;Ngh my;yJ nrayhw;Wk; cs;shl;rp kd;wk; vdTk;
rl;lhPjpahd mikg;Ngh my;y. miof;fg;gLfpwJ. ,tw;Ws; rpy
 efu Nkk;ghl;L Mizak;
efHgFjpf; FO(Town Area Committee)  efu Kd;Ndw;w Mizak;
 ,J rpW efuq;fis epHtfpg;gjw;fhf  tPl;L trjp thhpak;> FbePH thhpaq;fs;
Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;lJ. kw;Wk; fopT ePH thhpak;.
 ,J KOtJkhf NjHe;njLf;fg;gl;Nlh  khRf; fl;Lg;ghl;L thhpak;
my;yJ KOtJkhf epakpf;fg;gl;Nlh
my;yJ gFjpahf NjHe;njLf;fg;gl;Lk;>
gFjpahf epakpf;fg;gl;Lk; mikayhk;. jkpofj;jpy; jy Rahl;rpfs;
L.C.n[apd; fkpl;b
 gQ;rhaj;J mikg;gpw;fhd jkpof murpd;
fz;Nlhd;nkd;l;(Cantonment Board)
Kjy; caHepiyf;FO 1996 y; khepy jpl;lf;
 ,J uhZtj;jpdiu epue;jukhf epWj;jp
FOtpd; cWg;gpduhdL.C.n[apd;jiyikapy;
itj;Js;s tiuaWf;fg;gl;l gFjpahFk;.
mikf;fg;gl;lJ.
 ,J kj;jpa murhy; ,aw;wg;gl;l
 %d;W mLf;F gQ;rhaj;J mikg;gpw;F
fz;Nlhd;nkz;l; rl;lk; 2006-d; fPo;
mjpfhuj;ij toq;Ftjw;fhd ghpe;Jiufis
mikf;fg;gLfpwJ.
,f;FO 1997 y; mspj;jJ.
 ,J NjHe;njLf;fg;gl;l kw;Wk; epakpf;fg;gl;l
cWg;gpdHfis nfhz;Ls;sJ.
lTd; \pg;(Town Ship) Nfh.rp.kzp fkpl;b
 ,it nghpa nghJj;Jiw epWtdq;fshy;  11.11.1997y; ,uz;lhtJ caHepiyf; FO
jq;fs; CopaHfSf;F Fbik trjpfisj; Nfh.rp.kzp jiyikapy; mikf;fg;gl;lJ.
jUtjw;fhf cUthf;fg;gLfpwJ.  1209 ghjpe;Jiufs; cs;spl;l jdJ
 ,jd; cWg;gpdHfs; mwpf;ifia 11.01.1999y; rkHg;gpj;jJ.
NjHe;njLf;fg;gLtjpy;iy.
K.f.];lhypd; fkpl;b
JiwKfg; nghWg;ghl;rpf; FOkk;  %d;whtJ caHepiyf; FO K.f.];lhypd;
jiyikapy; 2007y; mikf;fg;gl;lJ.

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 உள்ளாட்சி அமைப்பு

 A+dpad; gpuNjrq;fs; kw;Wk; rpwg;Gg; gFjpfs; cz;ikahd gzp> khtl;l mstpypUe;Nj

\uj;J 239-241 gFjp VIII. Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;L nray;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
 khtl;lj;jpy; murhq;fj;jpd; jpl;lq;fs; ve;j
tifapy; epHtfpf;fg;gLfpd;wdNth mij
itj;Nj kf;fs; murhq;fr; nray;ghl;il
khtl;l eph;thfk; kjpg;gPL nra;a Kide;jdH. kj;jpa muR
kl;lj;jpNyh> khepy muR kl;lj;jpNyh
,Ug;gij tpl khtl;l kl;lj;jpy;jhd; kf;fs;
epHthfj;Jld; Neubj; njhlHGfis
 ,e;jpahtpy; njhd;ikahd fhyq;fspypUe;Nj
mjpfkhff; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wdH.
epHthfj;jpwDila mbg;gil myfhf
 khtl;l epHthfj;jpd; kpfg; gpujhd Ntiy
khtl;lk; ,Ue;J te;jpUf;fpwJ. kf;fSila
vd;gJ> Fbkf;fisAk;> mtHfSila
kw;Wk; xl;L nkhj;jkhf Njrj;jpDila
midj;J chpikfisAk; ghJfhg;gJ kw;Wk;
Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;fhf gue;j tha;g;Gs;s
nghJg;ghJfhg;ig cj;juthjg; gLj;jtJ
eltbf;iffspy; <Lgl;Ls;s [dehaf
MfpaitahFk;. ,jDs; rl;lk; xOq;ifg;
kf;fs; ey muir ,e;jpahtpy; ehk;
guhkhpg;gJ kw;Wk;> Fw;wtpay;>chpikapay;
ngw;wpUf;fyhk;.
ePjpia epHtfpg;gJ MfpadTk; cs;slq;Fk;.
 nghJ epHthfj;jpd; xU gFjpahf> xU
 ,uz;lhtjhf> ,jDila Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
khtl;lj;jpd; vy;iyfSila tuk;pw;Fs;
vd;gJ tUtha; eph;thff; fsj;jpy;
nray;gLtNj khtl;l epHthfkhFk;.
,Uf;fpwJ. ,jDs; epy tUtha;> ePHg;
 v];.v];.nfuhtpd; fUj;Jg;gb> “khtl;l
ghrdg; gad;ghLf; fl;lzq;fs;> Ntshz;ik
eph;thfk; vd;gJ murhq;fj;jpd; xl;L
tUkhdk;> tR+ypf;fg;gl;l thpfs;> fyhy;
nkhj;jr; nray;ghL” ,e;jpa epHthfj;jpd; thpj; jPHitfs;> Nfspf;if thp> gpw.
ikakhf mJ njhlHe;J ePbj;J tUfpwJ. Kjypait mlq;Ftd.
 jpl;lkply; kw;Wk; tsHr;rp rhHe;j  ,NjhL $l> fUT+yq;fspd; epHthfk;>
nray;ghLfspd; mwpKfj;Jld; NrHe;J> epyr;rPHj;jpUj;jq;fs;> epy vLg;G –
ehl;ilf; fPNoapUe;J fl;b vOg;g
ifafg;gLj;Jjy;> epy epHthfk;> epyk; rhH
Ntz;bajhf khtl;l epHthfj;jpd;
Mtzq;fs;> gpwTk; $l cs;slq;Ftd.
gq;Fghj;jpuk; gpuk;khz;lkhdjhf caHe;J
 murhq;fk;> Vuhskhd vz;zpf;ifapy;
tpl;lJ.
tsHr;rp rhHe;j nfhs;iffisAk;>
 [dehafg; G+Htkhd mjpfhug;gutyhf;fKk;> jpl;lq;fisAk; Ntshz;ik> $l;LwT kw;Wk;
gQ;rhaj;J uh[; mikg;Gk; mwpKfk;
njhopw;rhiy Mfpa fsq;fspy; mwpKfk;
nra;ag;gl;lJ. khtl;l epHthfj;jpd; ,ay;ig
nra;J nfhz;L tUfpwJ.
mbj;jsj;jpypUe;Nj khw;wpaikj;J tpl;lJ.
 ,e;j vy;yh tifahd eyj;jpl;lq;fSk;
 kj;jpapYk;> khepy mstpYk; cs;s
khtl;l epHthfj;jpdhy; kpfj; jPtpu
murhq;fq;fs;> jq;fspd;
Kidg;Gld; kf;fspd; jpUg;jpf;Nfw;g
jiyikafj;jpypUe;Nj Neubahfj; jkJ
eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;L tUfpd;wd.
nfhs;iffis eilKiwg;gLj;jptpl
 tsHr;rpj; jpl;lq;fspd; jpl;lkpLjypYk;>
KbahJ.
nray;gLj;JjypYk; kf;fspd; gq;Nfw;ig
 MfNt> khepyk; vd;gJ khtl;lq;fshfTk;>
cWjp nra;tJ vd;gJ khtl;l epHthfj;jpd;
gpw MSifg; gug;ngy;iyg; gphpTfshfTk;
kw;nwhU gq;F ghj;jpukhFk;. njhiyJ}u
gphpf;fg;gl;lJ. murhq;fj;jpDila
fpuhkq;fspy; tho;e;J tUk; kf;fSf;F

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 உள்ளாட்சி அமைப்பு

mj;jpahtrpa nghUl;fspd; tpepNahfj;ijAk; 8. ePjpapay; nray;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;tJ

,J cWjp nra;fpwJ. kw;Wk; gy;NtW jfuhWfSf;Fj; jPHT fz;L
KbntLg;gJ: cWj;Jf; fl;lzq;fs; kw;Wk;
khtl;l Ml;rpaH mguhjq;fis tpjpg;gJ:
xt;nthU> khtl;lKk; xU khtl;l 9. kf;fspd; Fiwfisf; Nfl;gJ kw;Wk;
mjpfhhpapd; nghWg;gpd; fPo; tplg;gl;Ls;sJ. mtw;Wf;Fj; jPHT fhz;gJ.
khtl;l Ml;rpaH my;yJ Jiz MizaH
vd;W miof;fg;gLfpw ,tNu ekJ epHthf tha;g;GfSk;>rthy;fSk;
mikg;gpd; mr;rhzpahthH. khtl;lj;jpy;>  kf;fSf;F kpf neUf;fkhapUg;git vd;fpw
murhq;fj;jpd; Kjd;ikg; gpujpepjp ,tNu. Kiwapy; ,e;j epWtdq;fs; kf;fspd;
khtl;l Ml;rpaH / khtl;l ePjpgjp vjpHghHg;GfisAk;> tpUg;gq;fisAk;
(bvk;) apd; Kf;fpakhd gzpg;nghWg;Gfs; mjpfkhf;fp caur; nra;gitahf
gpd;tUtd: mikfpd;wd: Mdhy; gy;NtW
1. khtl;lj;jpy; rl;lk; xOq;ifg; guhkhpg;gJ fl;Lj;jpl;lq;fshy; mtw;iw epiwNtw;w
kw;Wk; mikjpia epiyehl;b cWjp ,ayhjitahfTk; Mfpd;wd.
nra;tJ:  ,e;j epWtdq;fspd; gzpg;nghWg;Gfs;
2. kj;jpa muR kw;Wk; khepy murhq;fq;fspd; rthy;fs; epiwe;jit: Mdhy;>
gy;NtW nfhs;iffs; kw;Wk; jpl;lq;fis %ytsq;fNsh kpf tiuaiwf;Fl;gl;lit.
eilKiwg;gLj;JtJ: ,e;jr; R+o;epiy mbf;fb fUj;J
3. khepy murhq;fj;jpw;Fk; kw;Wk; khtl;l Ntw;WikfSf;Fk;> ePz;l
mstpyhd epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; fhyj;jfuhWfSf;Fk; ,l;Lr; nry;tjhf
mYtyfq;fSf;Fk; ,ilNaahd xU MfptpLfpwJ.
gpujhd ,izg;ghfr; nray;gLtJ:  murpay; nray;Kiwg; Nghf;fpy;> Fbkf;fspd;
4. fy;tp> Rfhjhuk;> eytho;T> epy epHthfk;> juk; tha;e;j gq;Nfw;Gfis cWjpg;gLj;jTk;>
fhty;> rpiw kw;Wk; fyhr;rhuk; Kjypa Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;yTkhd Kaw;rpfs;>
ntt;NtWgl;l Jiwfspd; eltbf;iffis tWik> fy;tpawptpd;ik> r%f
xUq;fpizg;gJ: mrkj;Jtq;fs; kw;Wk; murpaiyf;
5. mtru fhy epiyfs; kw;Wk; NguopTfspd; Fw;wtpay; kakhf;Fk; Nghf;Ffs; Nghd;w
NghJ> NghJkhd mstpw;F kw;Wk; ,ilA+fshy; Klq;fpg; Nghfpd;wd.
nghUj;jkhd eltbf;iffis vLg;gJ  rhjPathjKk;> ,dthjKk; NtW jkJ
kw;Wk; epthuzg; gzpfis Nkw;nfhs;tJ: gpsTgLj;Jk; $Wfshy; gpur;ridfis
6. gy;NtW kf;fs; gpujpepjpj;Jt mikg;Gfhsd cUthf;Fgitahf cs;sd. cs;shl;rp
kf;fsit> khepy rl;lrig> Cuhl;rp mikg;Gfspd; jpwd; kpFe;j nray;ghl;bw;F>
xd;wpaf; FOf;fs;> khtl;l Cuhl;rpfs;. mjpfhpj;Jf; nfhz;Nl NghFk; CoYk;>
khefuhl;rpfs;> efuhl;rpfs; kw;Wk; Ntz;batHfSf;F rYif fhl;Lk; ghugl;rg;
gQ;rhaj;JfSf;F epahakhfTk;> Nghf;Fk; khngUk; rthy;fshf mike;J
Rje;jpukhfTk; NjHjy;fs; elj;jg;gLtij tUfpd;wd.
cWjp nra;tJ:
7. tUtha; kw;Wk; gpw thpfis tR+ypg;gij
Nkyhz;ik nra;tJ:

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