M4009

Advanced Materials for Manufacturing

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Due date: August 31 2017

Homework
Topic 5 Diffusion

1. Atoms are found to move from one lattice position to another at the rate of 5 x105
jumps/s at 400o C when the activation energy for their movement is 30,000 cal/mol.
Calculate the jump rate at 750o C.

2. The diffusion coefficient for Cr+3 in Cr2O3 is 6 × 10&'( 𝑐𝑚+ /𝑠 at 727℃ and 1 ×
10&1 𝑐𝑚+ /𝑠 at 1400℃. Calculate (a) the activation energy and (b) the constant c0, D0.

3. A 0.001 in. BCC iron foil is used to separate a high hydrogen gas from a low hydrogen
gas at 650o C. 5 x 108 H atoms/cm3 are in equilibrium with the hot side of the foil, while 2 x
103 H atoms/cm3 are in equilibrium with the cold side Determine (a) the concentration
gradient of hydrogen and (b) the flux of hydrogen through the foil.

4. Determine the maximum allowable temperature that will produce a flux of less than
2000 H atoms/cm2.s through a BCC iron foil when the concentration gradient is –5 x 1016
atoms/cm3.cm.

5. A carburizing process is carried out on a 0.10% C steel by introducing 1.0% C at the

surface at 980o C, where the iron is FCC. Calculate the carbon content at 0.01 cm, 0.05 cm,
and 0.10 cm beneath the surface after 1 h.

6. A layer of MgO of 0.05 cm is deposited between layers of nickel and tantalum to

function as a diffusion barrier to prevent reactions between two metals (See Figure).
At 1400 °C nickel ions diffusing through the ceramic material of MgO are created to
reach the tantalum.
Determine the number of nickel ions passing through of MgO layer per second. The
diffusion coefficient of nickel in the MgO is 9 x 10-12 cm2/s, and the lattice parameter of
nickel at 1400 °C is 3.6 x 10-8 cm.

Ni/MgO à 4 atoms per cell