Pangasinan

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This article is about the Philippine province. For other uses, see Pangasinan (disambiguation).

Pangasinan

Province

Flag
Seal

Nickname(s): Heartland of the Philippines; Land of Miracles and

Romance; Premier Province of the North

Map of the Philippines with Pangasinan highlighted

Coordinates: 15°55′N 120°20′ECoordinates: 15°55′N 120°20′E

Country Philippines
Region Ilocos (Region I)

Founded 1580
 Capital Lingayen

Government
• Type Province of the Philippines
• Governor Amado Espino (NPC)
• Vice Governor Jose Calimlim, Jr. (NPC)

Area[1]
• Total 5,451.01 km2(2,104.65 sq mi)
Area rank 17th out of 81

Population (2010)[2]
• Total 2,779,862
• Rank 3rd out of 81
• Density 510/km2 (1,300/sq mi)
• Density rank 11th out of 81
including independent cities

Divisions
• Independent cities 1
• Component cities 3
• Municipalities 44
• Barangays 1,333
including independent cities:1,364

• Districts 1st to 6th districts of Pangasinan (shared

withDagupan City)

Time zone PHT (UTC+8)

ZIP code 2400 - 2447

Dialing code 75
ISO 3166 code PH-PAN

Languages Pangasinan, Ilocano,Bolinao, Tagalog, English

Website www.pangasinan.gov.ph

Pangasinan is a province of the Philippines. Its official language is Pangasinan or Pangasinense

and its provincial capital isLingayen. Pangasinan is located on the western area of the island
of Luzon along the Lingayen Gulf and South China Sea. It has a total land area of 5,451.01 square
kilometres (2,104.65 sq mi).[1] According to the 2010 census, it has a population of 2,779,862
people.[2] The official number of registered voters in Pangasinan is 1,651,814.[3]
Pangasinan is the name for the province, the people, and the primary language spoken in the
province. Indigenous Pangasinan speakers are estimated to number at least 1.5 million. The
Pangasinan language is one of the officially recognized regional languages in the Philippines.
Pangasinan is spoken as a second-language by many of the ethnic minorities in Pangasinan. The
minority ethnic groups in Pangasinan are the Bolinao, Tagalog and Ilocano.
The name Pangasinan means "place for salt" or "place of salt-making"; it is derived from the
prefix pang, meaning "for", the root word asin, meaning "salt”, and suffix an, signifying "location."
The province is a major producer of salt in the Philippines. Its major products include "bagoong"
("salted-fish") and "agamang" ("salted-shrimp")
Pangasinan was founded by Austronesian-speakers who called themselves Anakbanwa by at least
2500 BC. A kingdom calledLuyag na Kaboloan, which expanded to incorporate much of
northwestern Luzon, existed in Pangasinan before the Spanish conquest that began in the 16th
century.[4] The ancient Pangasinan people were skilled navigators and the maritime tradenetwork
that once flourished in ancient Southeast Asia connected Pangasinan with other peoples
of Southeast Asia, India, China, and the Pacific. The ancient kingdom of Luyag na Kaboloan was in
fact mentioned in Chinese and Indian records as being an important kingdom on ancient trade
routes.[4]
Popular tourist attractions in Pangasinan include the Hundred Islands National Park and the white-
sand beaches of Bolinao andDasol. Dagupan City is known for its Bangus Festival ("Milkfish
Festival"). Pangasinan is also known for its delicious mangoes and ceramic oven-
baked Calasiao puto ("rice muffin").
Pangasinan occupies a strategic geo-political position in the central plain of Luzon, known as the
rice granary of the Philippines. Pangasinan has been described as a gateway to northern Luzon and
as the heartland of the Philippines.

Contents
[hide]

 1 History
o 1.1 Ancient history
o 1.2 Southeast Asian maritime trade network
o 1.3 Luyag na Kaboloan
o 1.4 Anito and mana beliefs and practices
o 1.5 Spanish accounts of pre-Hispanic Pangasinan
o 1.6 Christianity
o 1.7 Spanish colonization
 1.7.1 Provincia de Pangasinan
 1.7.2 Rebellion against the Spanish rule
 1.7.2.1 Malong liberation
 1.7.2.2 Palaris liberation
o 1.8 Philippine revolution against Spain
o 1.9 American colonization and the Philippine Commonwealth regime
o 1.10 Philippine Republic
 1.10.1 National
 1.10.1.1 1946-1986
 1.10.1.2 1986-present
 2 Geography
o 2.1 Subdivisions
 2.1.1 Cities and Municipalities
 2.1.2 Barangays
o 2.2 Physical
 3 Demographics
o 3.1 Population
 o 3.2 Languages
o 3.3 Religion
 4 Economy
o 4.1 Energy
o 4.2 Marine
o 4.3 Agriculture
o 4.4 Financial
o 4.5 Labor
o 4.6 Investment
 5 Health and education
 6 Culture
o 6.1 Sports and entertainment
 7 Places of interest
o 7.1 Religious
o 7.2 Natural attractions
o 7.3 Educational
o 7.4 Festivities
o 7.5 Structures
 8 Government
 9 Media
o 9.1 Television and radio
 10 Notable people from Pangasinan
 11 See also
 12 References
 13 External links

History[edit]
Ancient history[edit]
The Pangasinan people, like most of the people in the Malay Archipelago, are descended from
the Austronesian-speakers who settled in Southeast Asia since prehistoric times. Comparative
genetics, linguistics, and archaeological studies locate the origin of the Austronesian
languages in Sundaland, which was populated as early as 50,000 years ago by modern
humans.[5][6][7] The Pangasinan language is one of many languages that belongs to the Malayo-
Polynesian languages branch of the Austronesian languages family.
Southeast Asian maritime trade network[edit]
A vast maritime trade network connected the distant Austronesian settlements in Southeast Asia,
the Pacific, and the Indian Ocean. The Pangasinan people were part of this
ancientAustronesian civilization.
The ancient Austronesian-speakers were expert navigators. Their outrigger canoes and sailboats
were capable of crossing the distant seas. The Malagasy sailed from the Malay archipelago
to Madagascar, an island across the Indian Ocean, and probably reached Africa.
The Polynesians settled the distant Pacific islands as far away as Hawaii and Easter Island, and
probably reached the Americas. At least three hundred years before the arrival of Europeans,
the Makasar and the Bugis from Sulawesi, in what is now Indonesia, as well as the Bajau of the
Malay archipelago, carried out long-distance commerce with their prau or paraw ("sailboat") and
established settlements in north Australia, which they calledMarege.[8]
Pangasinan was founded by Austronesian-speakers who called themselves Anakbanwa during
the Austronesian expansion from Taiwan in about 5000 - 2500 BC or theAustronesian dispersal
from Sundaland at least 7,000 years ago after the last Ice Age. Anakbanwa means “child
of banwa.” Banwa (also spelled banua or vanua) is an Austronesian concept that could mean
territory, homeland, habitat, society, civilization or cosmos. The Pangasinan people identified or
associated banwa with the sun, which was their symbol for their banwa. The Pangasinan people are
closely related to the Ibaloi in the neighboring province of Benguet and other peoples of Northern
Philippines. The Anakbanwa established their settlements in the Agno River Valley and along
the Lingayen Gulf. The coastal area came to be known as Pangasinan, and the interior area came to
be known as Kaboloan. Eventually, the whole region and its people came to be known as
Pangasinan. Archaeological evidence and early Chinese and Indian records show that the
inhabitants of Pangasinan traded with India, China and Japan as early as the 8th century A.D.
Luyag na Kaboloan[edit]
An ancient kingdom or state called Luyag na Kaboloan (also spelled Caboloan),
with Binalatongan as its capital, existed in the fertile Agno River valley. Around the same period,
theSrivijaya and Majapahit empires arose in Indonesia that extended their influence to much of
the Malay Archipelago. Urduja, a legendary woman warrior, is believed to have ruled in Pangasinan
around the 14th century. The Luyag na Kaboloan expanded the territory and influence of
Pangasinan to what are now the neighboring provinces of Zambales, La
Union,Tarlac, Benguet, Nueva Ecija, and Nueva Vizcaya. Pangasinan enjoyed
full independence until the Spanish conquest.
Anito and mana beliefs and practices[edit]
The ancient Pangasinan people, like other Austronesian peoples, practiced anito-worship.
An anito was believed to be the spirit or divine power of an ancestor or the god or divine power in
nature or natural phenomena. They believed in mana, an Austronesian concept which can be
described as the divine power or vital or spiritual essence of every being and everything that exists.
To the Pangasinan people, mana can be transferred, inherited or acquired, like from an ancestor,
nature, or natural phenomena. Their belief or practice is similar to Shamanist or animist beliefs and
rituals. They worshipped a pantheon of anito ("spirit" or "deity"). Their temples or altars were
dedicated to a chief anito called Ama Kaoley(“Supreme Father”), who communicated through
mediums or priests called manag-anito. These manag-anito wore special costumes when serving
an anito and they made offerings of oils, ointments, essences, and perfumes in exquisite vessels.
Spanish accounts of pre-Hispanic Pangasinan[edit]
In the sixteenth-century Pangasinan was called the "Port of Japan" by the Spanish. The locals wore
native apparel typical of other maritime Southeast Asian ethnic groups in addition to Japanese and
Chinese silks. Even common people were clad in Chinese and Japanese cotton garments. They
also blackened their teeth and were disgusted by the white teeth of foreigners, which were likened to
that of animals. Also, used porcelain jars typical of Japanese and Chinese households. Japanese-
style gunpowder weapons were also encountered in naval battles in the area.[9] In exchange for
these goods, traders from all over Asia would come to trade primarily for gold and slaves, but also
for deerskins, civet and other local products. Other than a notably more extensive trade network with
Japan and China, they were culturally similar to other Luzon groups to the south.
Pangasinans were also described as a warlike people who were long known for their resistance to
Spanish conquest. Bishop Domingo Salazar described them as really the worst people, the fiercest
and cruelest in the land. There was evidence of Christian influence even before Spanish
colonization; they used vintage wine in small quantities for their sacramental practices. The church
bragged that they won the northern part of the Philippines for Spain not Spanish military. They were
also unusually strict against adulterers, with the punishment being death for both offending parties.
Pangasinans were also known to take defeated Zambal and Negrito warriors to sell as slaves to
Chinese traders.[10]
Christianity[edit]
In 1324, Odoric of Pordenone, a Franciscan missionary from Friuli, Italy, is believed by some to have
celebrated a Catholic Mass and baptized natives at Bolinao, Pangasinan. In July 2007, memorial
markers were set up in Bolinao to commemorate Odoric's journey based on a publication by Luigi
Malamocco, an Italian priest from Friuli, Italy, who claimed that Odoric of Perdenone held the first
Catholic Mass in the Philippines in Bolinao, Pangasinan. That 1324 mass would have predated the
mass held in 1521 by Ferdinand Magellan, which is generally regarded as the first mass in the
Philippines, by some 197 years. However, historian William Henry Scott concluded after examining
Oderic's writings about his travels that he likely never set foot on Philippine soil and, if he did, there
is no reason to think that he celebrated mass.[11]
Spanish colonization[edit]
On April 27, 1565, the Spanish conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi arrived in the Philippine
islands with about 500 soldiers to establish a Spanish settlement and begin the conquest of the
archipelago. On May 24, 1570, the Spanish forces defeated Rajah Sulayman and other rulers of
Manila and later declared Manila as the new capital of the Spanish East Indies. After securing
Manila, the Spanish forces continued to conquer the rest of the island of Luzon, including
Pangasinan.
Provincia de Pangasinan[edit]
In 1571, the Spanish conquest of Pangasinan began with an expedition by the
Spanish conquistador Martín de Goiti, who came from the Spanish settlement
in Manila throughPampanga. About a year later, another Spanish conquistador, Juan de Salcedo,
sailed to Lingayen Gulf and landed at the mouth of the Agno River. Limahong, a Chinese pirate, fled
to Pangasinan after his fleet was driven away from Manila in 1574. Limahong failed to establish a
colony in Pangasinan, as an army led by Juan de Salcedo chased him out of Pangasinan after a
seven-month siege.
The province of Pangasinan dates its actual beginnings as an administrative and judicial district, with
Lingayen as the capital, to as early as 1580, but its territorial boundaries were first delineated in
1611. Lingayen has remained the capital of the province except for a brief period during the
revolutionary Era when San Carlos served as temporary administrative headquarters, and during the
slightly longer Japanese Occupation when Dagupan was the capital.[12]
The province of Pangasinan was formerly classified as an alcaldia mayor de termino, or first class
civil province, during the Spanish regime and has, in fact, remained a first class-A province up to the
present. Its territorial jurisdiction once included the entire province of Zambales and portions of what
are not Tarlac and La Union provinces.[12]
Rebellion against the Spanish rule[edit]
Malong liberation[edit]
Andres Malong, a native chief of the town of Binalatongan (now named San Carlos City), liberated
the province from Spanish rule in December 1660. The people of Pangasinan proclaimed Andres
Malong Ari na Pangasinan ("King of Pangasinan"). Pangasinan armies attempted to liberate the
neighboring provinces of Pampanga and Ilocos, but were repelled by a Spanish-led coalition of
loyalist tribal warriors and mercenaries. In February 1661, the newly independent Kingdom of
Pangasinan fell to the Spanish.
Palaris liberation[edit]
On November 3, 1762, the people of Pangasinan proclaimed independence from Spain after a
rebellion led by Juan de la Cruz Palaris overthrew Spanish rule in Pangasinan. The Pangasinan
revolt was sparked by news of the fall of Manila to the British on October 6, 1762. However, after
the Treaty of Paris on March 1, 1763 that closed the Seven Years' Warbetween Britain, France and
Spain, the Spanish colonial forces made a counter-attack. On January 16, 1765, Juan de la Cruz
Palaris was captured and Pangasinan independence was again lost.
Philippine revolution against Spain[edit]
Main article: Philippine Revolution Against Spain
The Katipunan, a nationalist secret society, was founded on July 7, 1892 with the aim of uniting the
peoples of the Philippines and fighting for independence and religious freedom. The Philippine
Revolution began on August 26, 1896 and was led by Andres Bonifacio, the leader of the Katipunan.
On November 18, 1897, a Katipunan council was formed in western Pangasinan with Roman
Manalang as Presidente Generalisimo and Mauro Ortiz as General. General Emilio Aguinaldo
proclaimed Philippine independence on June 12, 1898. Dagupan City, the major commercial center
of Pangasinan, was surrounded by Katipunan forces by July 18, 1898. The Battle of Dagupan lasted
from July 18 to July 23 of that year with the surrender of 1,500 soldiers of the Spanish forces under
Commander Federico J. Ceballos and Governor Joaquin de Orengochea.

Andres Urdaneta monument, in front of the City Hall.

The Battle of Dagupan, fought fiercely by local Katipuneros under the overall command of General
Francisco Makabulos, chief of the Central and Directive Committee of Central and Northern Luzon,
and the last remnants of the once mighty Spanish Army under General Francisco Ceballos, led to
the liberation of Pangasinan from the Spaniards. The five-day battle was joined by three local
heroes: Don Daniel Maramba from Santa Barbara, Don Vicente Prado from San Jacinto and Don
Juan Quezada from Dagupan. Their armies massed in Dagupan to lay siege on the Spanish forces,
making a last stand at the brick-walled Catholic Church.

Grave of Don Daniel B. Maramba (Santa Barbara, Pangasinan).

Daniel B. Maramba Monument and 1970 NHI Marker

Maramba led the liberation of the town of Santa Barbara on March 7, 1898 following a signal for
simultaneous attack from Makabulos. Hearing that Sta. Barbara fell into rebel hands, the Spanish
forces in Dagupan attempted to retake the town, but were repulsed by Maramba's forces. Thus, after
the setback, the Spaniards decided to concentrate their forces in Lingayen to protect the provincial
capital. This enabled Maramba to expand his operations to Malasiqui, Urdaneta and Mapandan,
taking them one after the other. He took one more town, Mangaldan, before proceeding to Dagupan
to lay siege on the last Spanish garrison. Also on March 7, 1898, the rebels under the command of
Prado and Quesada attacked convents in a number of towns in Zambales province, located west of
Lingayen, which now constitute the western parts of Pangasinan.
Attacked and brought under Filipino control were Alaminos, Agno, Anda, Alos, Bani, Balincaguin,
Bolinao, Dasol, Eguia and Potot. The revolt then spread to Labrador, Sual, Salasa and many other
towns in the west. The towns of Sual, Labrador, Lingayen, Salasa and Bayambang were occupied
first by the forces of Prado and Quesada before they proceeded to attack Dagupan.
At an assembly convened to organize a central governing body for Central and Northern Luzon on
April 17, 1898, General Makabulos appointed Prado as politico-military governor of Pangasinan, with
Quesada as his second in command. His appointment came a few days before the return of General
Emilio Aguinaldo in May 1898 from his exile in Hong Kong following the signing of the Pact of Biac-
na-Bato in December 1897. Aguinaldo's return gave fresh impetus to the renewal of the flame of the
revolution. Thus, on June 3, 1898, General Makabulos entered Tarlac and from that day on, the fires
of revolution spread.
So successful were the Filipinos in their many pitched battles against the Spaniards that on June 30,
1898, Spanish authorities decided to evacuate all their forces to Dagupan where a last stand against
the rebels was to be made. Also ordered to go to Dagupan were all civilian and military personnel,
including members of the volunteer locales of towns not yet in rebel hands. Those who heeded this
order were the volunteer forces of Mangaldan, San Jacinto, Pozorrubio, Manaoag, and Villasis.
Among those brought to Dagupan was the image of the Most Holy Rosary of the Virgin of Manaoag,
which at that time was already the patron saint of Pangasinan.
When the forces of Maramba from the east and Prado from the west converged in Dagupan on July
18, 1898, the siege began. The arrival of General Makabulos strengthened the rebel forces until the
Spaniards, holed up inside the Catholic Church, waved the flag of surrender five days later. Armed
poorly, the Filipinos were no match at the very start with Spanish soldiers holed inside the Church.
They just became mere sitting ducks to Spanish soldiers shooting with their rifles from a distance.
But the tempo of battle changed when the attackers, under Don Vicente Prado, devised a crude
means of protection to shield them from Spanish fire while advancing. This happened when they
rolled trunks of bananas, bundled up in sawali, that enabled them to inch their way to the Church.
American colonization and the Philippine Commonwealth regime [edit]
Pangasinan and other parts of the Spanish East Indies were ceded to the Americans after the Treaty
of Paris that closed the Spanish-American War. During the Philippine–American War, Lieutenant
Col. Jose Torres Bugallon from the town of Salasa fought together with Gen. Antonio Luna to defend
the First Philippine Republic against American colonization of Northern Luzon. Bugallon was killed in
battle on February 5, 1899. The First Philippine Republic was abolished in 1901. In 1907, the
Philippine Assembly was established and for the first time, five residents of Pangasinan were elected
as its district representatives. In 1921, Mauro Navarro, representing Pangasinan in the Philippine
Assembly, sponsored a law to rename the town of Salasa to Bugallon in order to honor General
Bugallon.
During the Philippine Commonwealth regime, Manuel L. Quezon was inaugurated as the first
president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines under the collaboration from theUnited States of
America on November 15, 1935.
The 21st Infantry Division, Philippine Commonwealth Army, USAFFE was found military
establishment and built of the general headquarters was active on July 26, 1941 to June 30, 1946
and they stationed in Pangasinan during the pre-World War II era. From the conflict engagements of
the Anti-Japanese Imperial military operations included the fall of Bataan and Corregidor and aiding
the USAFFE ground force from January to May 1942 and the Japanese Insurgencies and Allied
Liberation in Pangasinan from 1942 to 1945 and some parts in North-Central Luzon and helps local
guerrillas and American forces against the Japanese.
Philippine Republic[edit]
National[edit]
1946-1986[edit]
After the declaration of Independence in Manila on July 4, 1946, Eugenio Perez, a Liberal
Party congressman representing the fourth district of Pangasinan, was elected Speaker of the
lower Legislative House. He led the House until 1953, when the Nacionalista Party became the
dominant party.
Pangasinan, which was historically part of the Central Luzon region, was made part of the Ilocos
Region (or Region I) in the gerrymandering of the Philippines by Ferdinand Marcos, despite the fact
that Pangasinan has a distinct primary language, which is Pangasinan. The political classification of
Pangasinan as part of the Ilocos Region has generated confusion among some Filipinos that the
residents of Pangasinan are Ilocanos. Pangasinan has a distinct primary language and culture, its
economy is bigger than the predominantly Ilocano provinces of Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, and La
Union, and its population is more than 50 percent of the population of Region 1. Many people of
Pangasinan prefer to have their ownPangasinan Region.
1986-present[edit]
In February 1986, Vice Chief of Staff General Fidel V. Ramos, head of the Philippine Integrated
National Police and a native of Lingayen, Pangasinan, became one of the instrumental figures of
the EDSA people power revolution that led to the overthrow of President Ferdinand Marcos.
After the downfall of Marcos, all local government unit executives in the Philippines were ordered
by President Corazon Aquino to vacate their posts. Some local executives were ordered to return to
their seats as in the case of Mayor Ludovico Espinosa of Dasol, where he claims he joined the
UNIDO, Mrs. Aquino's party during the height of the EDSA Revolution. Fidel Ramos was appointed
as AFP Chief of Staff and later as Defense Secretary replacing Juan Ponce Enrile. Oscar Orbos, a
congressman from Bani, Pangasinan, was appointed by Aquino as head of the Department of
Transportation and Communications and later as Executive Secretary.
On May 11, 1992, Fidel V. Ramos ran for the position of President. He was elected and became the
first Pangasinan President of the Philippines. Through his leadership, the Philippines recovered from
a severe economy after the oil and power crisis of 1991. His influence also sparked the economic
growth of Pangasinan when it hosted the 1995 Palarong Pambansa (Philippine National
Games). Jose de Venecia, who represented the same district as Eugenio Perez, was the second
Pangasinan to be Speaker of the House of Representatives in 1992. He was reelected for the same
position in 1995. De Venecia was selected by the Ramos' administration party Lakas NUCD to be its
presidential candidate in 1998. De Venecia ran but lost to Vice President Joseph Estrada. Oscar
Orbos, who served as Pangasinan governor from 1995, ran for Vice President, but lost
to Senator Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, whose mother, former First Lady Evangelina Macaraeg-
Macapagal, hails from Binalonan, Pangasinan.
Arroyo later ascended to the presidency after the second EDSA Revolution when President Joseph
Estrada was overthrown.
On May 2004, actor-turned-politician Fernando Poe, Jr., whose family is from San Carlos City,
Pangasinan, ran for President against incumbent Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo during thePhilippine
general election in 2004. The Pangasinan vote was almost evenly split by the two presidential
candidates who both have Pangasinan roots. Arroyo was elected President, but her victory was
tainted by charges of electoral fraud and vote-buying.
The state of crisis of the national government in Manila, corruption in Malacañang, widespread
poverty, and the slow pace of economic development is forcing many Pangasinans to seek
opportunities in Metro Manila, work in other countries or emigrate to wealthier countries, like the
United States.

Geography[edit]

Pangasinan Provincial Capitol in Lingayen

Subdivisions[edit]

Political map of Pangasinan

The province of Pangasinan is subdivided into 44 municipalities, 4 cities, and 1,364 barangay (which
means "village" or "community"). There are six congressional districts in Pangasinan.
The capital of Pangasinan is Lingayen. In ancient times, the capital of Pangasinan was
Binalatongan, now San Carlos City.
Cities and Municipalities[edit]
† Provincial capital

Type and Population Area

Name District
Income Class[13] (2010)[14] (km²)[13]

Alaminos 4th class component city 1st 85,025 164

 Type and Population Area
Name District
Income Class[13] (2010)[14] (km²)[13]

2nd class independent

Dagupan 4th 163,676 37
component city

San Carlos 3rd class component city 3rd 175,103 169

Urdaneta 2nd class component city 5th 125,451 100

Agno 3rd Class municipality 1st 27,508 170

Aguilar 3rd Class municipality 2nd 39,529 195

Alcala 3rd Class municipality 5th 41,077 46

Anda 3rd Class municipality 1st 37,011 75

Asingan 2nd Class municipality 6th 56,353 67

Balungao 4th Class municipality 6th 26,678 73

Bani 2nd Class municipality 1st 45,758 180

Basista 4th Class municipality 2nd 30,385 24

Bautista 4th Class municipality 5th 30,193 46

Bayambang 1st Class municipality 3rd 111,521 144

 Type and Population Area
Name District
Income Class[13] (2010)[14] (km²)[13]

Binalonan 1st Class municipality 5th 52,832 48

Binmaley 1st Class municipality 2nd 78,702 119

Bolinao 1st Class municipality 1st 74,545 197

Bugallon 2nd Class municipality 2nd 64,253 190

Burgos 4th Class municipality 1st 18,315 131

Calasiao 1st Class municipality 3rd 91,109 48

Dasol 3rd Class municipality 1st 26,991 167

Infanta 3rd Class municipality 1st 23,455 254

Labrador 4th Class municipality 2nd 21,149 91

Laoac 4th Class municipality 5th 29,456 41

Lingayen † 1st Class municipality 2nd 98,740 63

Mabini 3rd Class municipality 1st 24,011 291

Malasiqui 1st Class municipality 3rd 123,566 131

Manaoag 1st Class municipality 4th 64,578 56

 Type and Population Area
Name District
Income Class[13] (2010)[14] (km²)[13]

Mangaldan 1st Class municipality 4th 98,905 48

Mangatarem 1st Class municipality 2nd 69,969 318

Mapandan 3rd Class municipality 3rd 34,439 30

Natividad 4th Class municipality 6th 22,713 134

Pozorrubio 1st Class municipality 5th 66,111 135

Rosales 1st Class municipality 6th 59,687 66

San Fabian 1st Class municipality 4th 77,899 81

San Jacinto 1st Class municipality 4th 37,737 44

San Manuel 1st Class municipality 6th 46,875 129

San Nicolas 3rd Class municipality 6th 34,108 210

San Quintin 3rd Class municipality 6th 32,626 116

Santa Barbara 1st Class municipality 3rd 76,637 61

Santa Maria 4th Class municipality 6th 31,091 70

Santo Tomas 5th Class municipality 5th 14,406 13

 Type and Population Area
Name District
Income Class[13] (2010)[14] (km²)[13]

Sison 3rd Class municipality 5th 43,979 82

Sual 1st Class municipality 1st 31,216 130

Tayug 3rd Class municipality 6th 40,018 51

Umingan 1st Class municipality 6th 67,534 258

Urbiztondo 3rd Class municipality 2nd 47,831 82

Villasis 1st Class municipality 5th 59,111 76

Barangays[edit]
Pangasinan has 1,364 barangays comprising its 44 municipalities and 4 cities, ranking the province
at 3rd with the most number of barangays in a Philippine province, only behindIloilo and Leyte.
The most populous barangay in the province is Bonuan Gueset in Dagupan City, with a population of
22,042 in 2010. If cities are excluded, Poblacion in the municipality of Lingayenhas the highest
population at 12,642. Iton in Bayambang has the lowest with only 99 in the census of 2010.[15]
Further information: List of barangays in Pangasinan
Physical[edit]
Pangasinan is located on the west central area of the island of Luzon in the Philippines. Pangasinan
borders La Union and Benguet to the north, Nueva Vizcaya and Nueva Ecija to the east,
and Zambales and Tarlac to the south. To the west of Pangasinan is the South China Sea. The
province also encloses the Lingayen Gulf.
The land area of Pangasinan is 5,451.01 square kilometres (2,104.65 sq mi).[1] The province is 170
kilometers (105.633 mi) north of Manila, 50 kilometers (31.0685 mi.) south ofBaguio City, 115
kilometers (71.4576 mi.) north of Subic International Airport and Seaport, and 80 kilometers
(49.7096 mi.) north of Clark International Airport. At the coast of Alaminos, The Hundred islands
have become a fmous tourist spot.
The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) reported several inactive
volcanoes in Pangasinan: Amorong, Balungao, Cabaluyan, Cahelietan, Candong, and Malabobo.
PHIVOLCS reported no active or potentially active volcanoes in Pangasinan. A caldera-
like landform is located between the towns of Malasiqui and Villasis with a center at about 15° 55′ N
and 120° 30′ E near the Cabaruan Hills.
Demographics[edit]
Population census of Pangasinan

Year Pop. ±% p.a.

1990 2,020,273 —

1995 2,178,412 +1.42%

2000 2,434,086 +2.41%

2007 2,645,395 +1.15%

2010 2,779,862 +1.82%

Source: National Statistics Office[2]

Population[edit]
See also: Pangasinan people, Ilocano people and Sambal people
The Pangasinan people (Totoon Pangasinan) are called Pangasinan or the hispanicized
name Pangasinense, or simply taga-Pangasinan, which means "from Pangasinan". Pangasinan is
the third most populated province in the Philippines. The estimated population of the indigenous
speakers of the Pangasinan language in the province of Pangasinan is 1.5 million and is projected to
double in about 30 years. According to the 2000 census, 47 percent of the population are Totoon
Pangasinan and 44 percent are Ilocanos. Sambal settlers fromZambales also predominate in the
westernmost municipalities of Bolinao and Anda. The Pangasinan people are closely related to
theAustronesian-speaking peoples of the Philippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia.
Languages[edit]
Languages Spoken (2000)[16]
Speakers
Language
in '000
Pangasinan 1,158
Ilokano 1,076
Tagalog 92
Bolinao 48
Main articles: Pangasinan language, Ilocano language and Bolinao language
The Pangasinan language or Pangasinense is an agglutinative language. It belongs to the Malayo-
Polynesian languages branch of theAustronesian languages family and is the primary language of
the province of Pangasinan. The Pangasinan language is similar to the other Malayo-Polynesian
languages of the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia and Madagascar. It is closely related to
the Ibaloi language spoken in the neighboring province of Benguet and Baguio City, located north of
Pangasinan. The Pangasinan language is classified under the Pangasinic group of languages. The
Pangasinic languages are:

 Pangasinan or Pangasinense
 Ibaloi
 Karao
  I-wak
 Kalanguya
 Keley-I
 Kallahan
 Kayapa
 Tinoc
Other languages are spoken in some areas of the neighboring provinces of Benguet, Nueva
Ecija, Nueva Vizcaya, and Ifugao.
The educated Pangasinans are mostly proficient in English and Tagalog, as well as their native
language. Pangasinan is mostly spoken in the central part of the province in the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and is
the second language in other parts of Pangasinan. Ilocano is widely spoken in the western and
eastern part of Pangasinan in the 1st, 5th and 6th districts, andBolinao is widely spoken in the
western tip of the province in the Municipality of Bolinao and Anda. Tagalog is now widely spoken or
understood as a second language throughout Pangasinan.
Religion[edit]
The religion of the people of Pangasinan is predominantly Christian and mostly Roman
Catholic followed by Iglesia Ni Cristo, although few are strict believers and continue to practice their
indigenous anito beliefs and rituals, like most of the people of the
Philippines. Spanish and American missionaries introduced Christianity to Pangasinan. Prior to the
Spanish conquest in 1571, the predominant religion of the people of Pangasinan was similar to the
indigenous religion of the highland Igorot or the inhabitants of the Cordillera Administrative
Region on the island of Luzon, who mostly retained their indigenous culture and religion. A
translation of the Bible in the Pangasinan language by Fr. Nicolas Manrique Alonzo Lallave, a
Spanish Dominican friar, was the first translation of the Bible in a Philippine language. Pangasinan
was also influenced by Hinduism and Buddhism before the introduction of Christianity.

Economy[edit]

Commercial Salt Industry in Dasol

Pangasinan has export earnings of around $5.5 million.

Energy[edit]
The 1200 megawatt Sual Coal-Fired Power Plant, and 345 megawatt San Roque Multi-Purpose
Dam, located in the municipalities of Sual and San Manuel respectively, are the primary sources of
energy of the province.
Marine[edit]
Pangasinan is a major fish supplier in Luzon, and a major producer of salt in the Philippines. It has
extensive fishponds, mostly for raising bangus, or "milkfish", along the coasts of the Lingayen
Gulf and the South China Sea. Pangasinan's aquaculture includes oyster and sea urchin farms.
Agriculture[edit]
The major crops in Pangasinan are rice, mangoes, corn, and sugar cane. Pangasinan has a land
area of 536,819 hectares, and 44 percent of the total land area of Pangasinan is devoted to
agricultural production.
Financial[edit]
Pangasinan has 593 banking and financing institutions.
Labor[edit]
Pangasinan has a labor force of about 1.52 million, and 87 percent of the labor force are gainfully
employed.
Investment[edit]
The Department of Trade and Industry in the Philippines has identified the following potential
investment areas in Pangasinan:

 Maguey production and handicraft center

 Santiago Island Marine Park
 Oyster processing facility
 Bagoong technology and processing center
 Tannery and leather production center
 Oyster and aquaculture farming
 Seaweed farming
 Bamboo production
 Handicraft and furniture making
 Manufacture of construction bricks
 Tourism development

Health and education[edit]

There are thousands of public schools and hundreds of private schools across the province for
primary and secondary education. Many Pangasineneses go to Metro Manila and theUnited
States for tertiary and higher education. The state and private colleges and universities in
Pangasinan include the following:

 Pangasinan National High School (PNHS)

 Oakridge International School of Young Leaders
 AMA Computer College
 Asian Institute Of E-Commerce
 Colegio de Dagupan
 Colegio San Jose De Alaminos
 Dagupan Colleges Foundation
 Golden West Colleges
 Kingfisher School of Business and Finance
 Lyceum Northern Luzon
 Lyceum Northwestern University
 Luzon Colleges of Science and Technology
 Palaris College
 Pangasinan State University
  Pangasinan Merchant Marine Academy
 Panpacific University Northern Philippines
 Philippine College of Science and Technology
 Pimsat Colleges
 Saint Columban's College
 San Carlos College
 Saint Therese of the Child Jesus College Foundation
 St. Camillus College of Manaoag Foundation, Inc.
 STI College
 University of Luzon
 University of Pangasinan
 Urdaneta City University
 University Of Perpetual Help – Jonelta Foundation (Pangasinan
Campus)
 University of Eastern Pangasinan - Binalonan
 Virgen Milagrosa University Foundation
 WCC Aeronautical and Technological College
 Gospel of Christ Montessori School (GCMS
 Precious Minds Montessori and High School (PMMHS)
 Calasiao Comprehensive National High School (CCNHS)
 Daniel Maramba National High School (DMNHS)
 Cipriano P. Primicias National High School (CPPNHS)
 Northern Luzon Adventist College (NLAC)
Pangasinan has 51 hospitals and clinics and 68 rural health units (as of July 2002). Although some
residents go to Manila and the United States for extensive medical tests and treatment, most
Pangasinenses go to the medical centers in the cities of Dagupan, San Carlos City, and Urdaneta.

Culture[edit]
The culture of Pangasinan is a blend of the indigenous Malayo-Polynesian and western Hispanic
and American cultures, with some Indian and Chinese influences. Today, Pangasinan is very much
westernized. The main centers of Pangasinense culture are Lingayen, San Carlos City, Dagupan,
and Manaoag.
Sports and entertainment[edit]

 Urdaneta City Sports and Cultural Complex

 Urdaneta Coliseum
 Dagupan City People's Astrodome
 Narciso Ramos Sports and Civic Center
 Virgen Milagrosa University Foundation Sports Complex
 CSI STADIA (Jimmy Fernandez Complex)
 Orient Pacific Center, Perez Blvd. Dagupan City
 East Gate Plaza, A.B Fernandez East, Dagupan City
 Robert B. Estrella, Sr. Memorial Stadium, Rosales

Places of interest[edit]
Religious[edit]
 Nuestra Señora de Manaoag
The Shrine of Our Lady of Manaoag is famous throughout the
country for its supposed miraculous powers. Catholic devotees
frequent the shrine, especially on the feast days on the first of
October and the 18th day after Easter Sunday.

 Epiphany of the Lord Parish in Lingayen

 Salasa Church in Bugallon
 Sanctuario de Senor Divino Tesoro, Calasiao
 St. John Cathedral Garden, Dagupan City
 Sts. Peter and Paul Parish, Calasiao, Pangasinan
 St. James The Great Parish, Bolinao
Natural attractions[edit]

Hundred Islands National Park.

Sunny white beach at Rock Garden Resort, Bolinao, Pangasinan

The "Treasurers of Bolinao", Pangasinan

 Lisland Rainforest Resort, San Vicente, Urdaneta City

 Gold Land Resort, Cayambanan, Urdaneta City
 Antong Falls in Sison
 Beach Walk in Lingayen
 Bolinao Caves (Wonderful Cave, Cindy's Cave, Enchanted
Cave)
 Ilog-Malino River, Brgy. Ilog-Malino, Bolinao
 Puerto Del Sol Resort, Brgy. Ilog-Malino, Bolinao
 Punta Riviera Resort, Brgy. Ilog-Malino, Bolinao
 Villa Carolina Resort, Brgy. Ilog-Malino, Bolinao
 Garden Paradise Resort, Brgy. Ilog-Malino, Bolinao
 Ilog-Malino Beach Resort, Brgy. Ilog-Malino, Bolinao
 Cocos Beach Resort, Brgy. Ilog-Malino, Bolinao
 Bonuan Blue Beach in Dagupan City
 Binmaley Blue-Gray Beach
 Binmaley Blue-Green, Museum Park (including Triangle
"Estasyon" Park)
 Cape Bolinao Lighthouse in Bolinao
 Cacupangan Cave in Mabini
 Cabongaoan Beach in Burgos
 Hundred Islands National Park and Marine Sanctuary in
Alaminos City
 Manleluag Spring Protected Landscape in Mangatarem
 Mount Balungao in Balungao
 Pantal River Boat ride in Dagupan City
 Rock Garden Resort in Bolinao
 San Juan River in San Carlos City
 Suasalito Viewdeck in Sual
 Tambobong White Beach in Dasol
 Tondol Beach in Anda
 Umbrella Rocks of Agno
 White Beach of San Fabian
Educational[edit]

 Bolinao Museum in Bolinao

 Lingayen Gulf War Museum in Lingayen
 Oceanographic Marine Laboratory in Alaminos City
Festivities[edit]

 Bagoong Festival, Lingayen

 Dumayo Festival, Urdaneta City
 Mango-Bamboo Festival, San Carlos City
 Pandan Festival, Mapandan
 Bangus Festival in Dagupan City
 Patupat Festival in Pozorrubio
 Pistay Dayat (Feast of the Sea) all over Pangasinan
 Mangunguna Festival, Bolinao
 Sigay Festival, Binmaley
 Puto Festival, Calasiao
 Malangsi Fishtival, Bayambang
 Galicayo Festival, Manaoag
 Goat Festival, Balungao
 Talong Festival, Villasis
 Corn Festival, Sto. Tomas
 Pindang Festival (Beef Festival), Mangaldan
 Festival of the North all over Pangasinan
 Longganisa Festival in Alaminos City
Structures[edit]

 Provincial Capitol, Lingayen

 Red Arrow Marker of the WWII 32nd US Infantry Division in San
Nicolas
 Narciso Ramos Sports and Civic Center in Lingayen
 Plaza Pergola in Pozorrubio
 San Carlos City Plaza
 Urduja House in Lingayen

Sibblings Margaret F. Celeste, Cong. Jesus 'Boying' F. Celeste

(Representative, Pangasinan, 1st District, House of Representatives,
Quezon City), former Cong. Arthur F. Celeste, Pangasinan, 1st, Lakas-
Kampi-CMD, 14th Congress of the Philippines), and Mayor Alfronso F.
Celeste.

Government[edit]
See also: Governor of Pangasinan and Legislative districts of
Pangasinan
The current governor of Pangasinan is Amado Espino, Jr.. Among
those who served as Governor of Pangasinan include Tito
Primicias, Vicente Millora and Daniel Maramba.
Provincial Board Members:

 1st District: Napoleon C. Fontelera Jr., Anthony D. Sison

Media[edit]
There are at least 20 local newspapers and magazines published in
Pangasinan. At least seventeen local newspapers and magazines
are published weekly.

 Balon Silew (Pangasinan)

 Ilocano Observer (English and Ilocano)
 Luzon Examiner (English)
 Luzon Island Bulletin (English)
 Luzon Standard Country Mail (English)
 Media Eye Tiempo (English)
 Northern Courier (English)
 Northern Journal (English)
 Northern Times (English)
 PangalaTALK.com (English & Pangasinan)
 Pangasinan News (English)
 Pangasinan Post (English)
 Pangasinan Star Online (English and Pangasinan)
 Pangasinan Today (English)
 Pangasinan Sentinel (English) (Mangaldan Publication)
 People’s Digests (English)
 Sun Star – Pangasinan (English)
 Sunday Punch (English)
 The Midweek Punch (English)
 The Regional Examiner (English)
 NORTHERN WATCH (English and Filipino)
 The Weekly Forum (English)
 The Weekly Guardian (English)
Other publications that circulate in Pangasinan include:

 Northwest Luzon Times

 Pangasinan Pinoy Journal
 Weekly Luzon Times
 News Time
 The Pangasinan Post
 Classyfied Mag
The only magazine published monthly is the Traveler Magazine.
Television and radio[edit]
Television Networks:

 ABS-CBN: Channel 2, Channel 32

 GMA Network: Channel 10
 ABS-CBN Sports and Action: Channel 36
 GMA News TV: Channel 38
 TV5: Channel 28
 Solar News Channel: Channel 13
FM Radio Stations: AM Radio Stations:

 DWIZ - 89.3 DWIZ News Radio FM (formerly DWQT - 89dot3 Home  DWCM - 1161 Aksyon Radyo
RadioDagupan)  DWDH - 1140 kHz (DZRH M
 DWYS - 104.1 YES FM! Urdaneta City  DZWN - 1125 Bombo Radyo,
 DWAI - 92.1 I FM Urdaneta City  DWPR - 1296 Power Radio (R
 DWKT - 90.3 Energy FM  DZRD - 981 DZRD 981 Sonsh
 DWTL - 93.5 Campus Radio  DZSD - 1548 Super Radyo (Re
 DWEC - 94.3 MOR For Life!  DWIN - 1125 Eagle Radio (Re
 DWID - 98.3 Love Radio
DZMQ Radyo Ng Bayan-Dagupan
 DWTJ - 99.3 Spirit FM (from Alaminos City) Secretary)
 DWHY - 100.7 Star FM
 DWON - 104.7 iFM Siguradong Enjoy Ka!
 DWHR - 106.3 Hot FM
 DWHT - 107.9 RMN Dagupan (operational)

Notable people from Pangasinan[edit]

Some prominent people of Pangasinan heritage (though not
necessarily ethnic identification) include:

 President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, whose mother was

from Binalonan.
 President Fidel V. Ramos, who was born in Lingayen.
 Speaker Jose de Venecia, Jr., who was born in Dagupan City.
 The late actor and presidential candidate Fernando Poe, Jr.,
whose father was from San Carlos City.
 Gabriel C. Singson, the former governor of the Bangko Sentral
ng Pilipinas, is from Lingayen.
 F. Sionil José and Carlos Bulosan are internationally known
writers from Pangasinan.
 Victorio C. Edades, a Filipino modernist and a recognized
National Artist, was from Pangasinan.
 Jacqueline Aquino Siapno, a professor from Dagupan City, is
the interim first lady of East Timor.
 Geronima Tomelden-Pecson, the first female senator of the
Philippines, was a native of Lingayen.
 Donita Rose's mother belongs to the Ramos clan
of Bayambang.
 Julius Babao
 Cheryl Cosim
 Mitoy Yonting, first winner of The Voice of the Philippines, lead
singer Draybers.
 Danny Ildefonso from Urdaneta City
 Ana "The Hurricane" Julaton, a native of Pozorrubio, World
Boxing Champion
 Marc Pingris, a native of Pozorrubio, a Filipino-French
professional basketball player, PBA Champion.
 Oscar Orbos, a native of Bani, a former governor and TV host.
 Gloria Romero, a veteran actress, hails from Mabini.
 Anne Curtis, a box office actress, host and model. Her mother
is from Bolinao.
 Nova Villa
 Maki Pulido, a news anchor, hails from Anda.
 Narciso Ramos, a journalist, lawyer, assemblyman and
ambassador, and the father of former president Fidel V. Ramos.
 Barbara Perez, actress
 Lolita Rodriguez, actress
 Carmen Rosales, actress
 Liza Soberano, a young Filipina American model and actress, is
a contract artist of ABS-CBN and Star Magic. Her father John
Soberano, grandparents Norma Castillo and Nestor Soberano,
and great grandparents Piling and Belen Soberano are
Asinganians.
 Governor Ben Cayetano, lawyer and first Filipino-American
governor (Hawaii) in the United States, whose father hails from
Urdaneta.
 Ric Segreto, Fil-Am recording artist, singer-songwriter and
journalist. His father, Godofredo G. Macaraeg, was born
in Malasiqui, Pangasinan; and is a relative of Ermin Garcia Sr.,
founder of Pangasinan newspaper Sunday Punch.

See also[edit]
 Pangasinan language
 Pangasinan literature
 Salt evaporation pond
 Bagoong
 Urduja
 Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lingayen-Dagupan
 Roman Catholic Diocese of Alaminos
 Roman Catholic Diocese of Urdaneta

References[edit]
This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear
because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this
article by introducing more precise citations. (September 2009)

1. ^ Jump up to:a b c "List of Provinces". PSGC Interactive. Makati

City, Philippines: National Statistical Coordination Board.
Retrieved 11 February 2013.
2. ^ Jump up to:a b c "Population and Annual Growth Rates for
The Philippines and Its Regions, Provinces, and Highly
Urbanized Cities". 2010 Census and Housing Population.
National Statistics Office. Retrieved 13 February 2013.
3. Jump up^ "Pangasinan voters already 1,651,814," Sunday
Punch. December 10, 2012
 4. ^ Jump up to:a b Minahan, James (10 June 2014). Ethnic
Groups of South Asia and the Pacific. ABC-CLIO.
p. 34. ISBN 1598846604. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
5. Jump up^ New DNA evidence overturns population migration
theory in Island Southeast Asia - University of Oxford
6. Jump up^ New research forces U-turn in population migration
theory
7. Jump up^ Mark Donohue; Tim Denham (April
2010). "Farming and Language in Island Southeast Asia :
Reframing Austronesian History". Current Anthropology 51 (2).
8. Jump up^ PLoS ONE: The History of Makassan Trepang
Fishing and Trade
9. Jump up^ Scott, William Henry (1994). Barangay. Manila
Philippines: Ateneo de Manila University Press. p. 187.
10. Jump up^ Scott, William Henry (1994). Barangay. Manila
Philippines: Ateneo de Manila University Press. pp. 248–249.
11. Jump up^ Scott, William Henry (1984). Prehispanic source
materials for the study of Philippine history. New Day
Publishers. pp. 81–82. ISBN 978-971-10-0226-8.
12. ^ Jump up to:a b "History of Pangasinan". Retrieved 24 June
2014.
13. ^ Jump up to:a b "Province: PANGASINAN". PSGC Interactive.
Makati City, Philippines: National Statistical Coordination
Board. Retrieved 6 January 2014.
14. Jump up^ "Total Population by Province, City, Municipality
and Barangay: as of May 1, 2010". 2010 Census of Population
and Housing. National Statistics Office. Retrieved 13 February
2013.
15. Jump up^ "2010 Census of Population and Housing: Total
Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay:as of
May 1, 2010" (PDF). National Statistics Office (Philippines).
Retrieved 18 October 2014.
16. Jump up^ Table 4. Household Population by Ethnicity and
Sex: Pangasinan, 2000
Bibliography

 Agoncillo, Teodoro A. History of the Filipino People. (Quezon

City: Garotech Publishing, Eighth Edition, 1990).
 Cortes, Rosario Mendoza. Pangasinan, 1572-1800. (Quezon
City: University of the Philippines Press, 1974; New Day
Publishers, 1975).
 Cortes, Rosario Mendoza. Pangasinan, 1801-1900: The
Beginnings of Modernization. (Cellar Book Shop, April 1991).
 Cortes, Rosario Mendoza. Pangasinan, 1901-1986: A Political,
Socioeconomic, and Cultural History. (Cellar Book Shop, April
1991).
 Cortes, Rosario Mendoza. The Filipino Saga: History as Social
Change. (Quezon City: New Day Publishers, 2000).
 Craig, Austin. "Lineage Life and Labors of Jose Rizal". (Manila:
Philippine Education Company, 1913).
  Mafiles, Victoria Veloria; Nava, Erlinda Tomelden. The English
Translations of Pangasinan Folk Literature. (Dagupan City,
Philippines: Five Ed Printing Press, 2004).
 Quintos, Felipe Quintos. Sipi Awaray Gelew Diad Pilipinas
(Revolucion Filipina). (Lingayen, Pangasinan: Gumawid Press,
1926).
 Samson-Nelmida, Perla. Pangasinan Folk Literature, A Doctoral
Dissertation. (University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon
City: May 1982).

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