AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM

OBJECTIVES
 COMPONENTS OF THE AIR CONDITIONING
SYSTEM

 PROCESS OF THE CYCLE OF AIR CONDITIONER

 INTRODUCTION
Building Services is what make the building comes to its life.

• What makes the building work.

• Building should be designed in such a way to provide an
environment, where people can feel comfortable, work, live and
achieve.
• So everything inside a building which make it safe and comfortable,
comes under the title of Building Services.
IMPORTANT BUILDING SERVICES
• HVAC • Security
• Electrical • Telecommunication
• Fire Services • Building Automation
• Plumbing and Drainage Systems
• Lift Services
 WHY WE NEED AC ?
• Due to the various sources of heat the temperature
inside the room becomes very high and the relative
humidity can also be high. Further, there can also
be less flow of air inside the room. All these factors
lead to creation of highly uncomfortable conditions
inside the room
 THE HEAT PRODUCES IN TWO WAYS

Human beings

Electrical and electronic appliances

WHAT IS AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
Air conditioning is the process of removing heat from a
confined space, thus cooling the air, and removing humidity. Air
conditioning can be used in both domestic and commercial
environments. This process is used to achieve a more comfortable
interior environment, typically for humans or animals, however, air
conditioning is also used to cool/dehumidify rooms filled with heat-
producing electronic devices, such as computer servers, power
amplifiers, and even to display and store artwork.
 ELEMENTS OF AIR
CONDITIONING SYSTEM
BASIC ELEMENTS OF AIR
CONDITIONING SYSTEM
Compressor

Condenser

Expansion Valve

Evaporator
 COMPRESSOR

• Air conditioner compressor is used

to remove the heat-laden vapour
refrigerant from the evaporator of the
air conditioning systems.
COMPRESSOR
• There are basically 5 types of air conditioner compressor
that are commonly used in the HVAC industry:

1.Reciprocating
2.Scroll
3.Screw
4.Rotary
5.Centrifugal
CONDENSER

In systems involving heat

transfer, a condenser is a
device or unit used to condense
a substance from its gaseous to
its liquid state, by cooling it
 CONDENSER
• There are basically three types of condensing unit
depending on how the heat is removed by the
condensing medium which is usually water, air or a
combination of both.
1.Air-Cooled
2.Water-Cooled
3.Evaporative
EXPANSION VALVE
• The main purpose of this is removes pressure from the liquid
refrigerant to allow expansion or change of state from a liquid
to a vapor in the evaporator.
• The high pressure refrigerant entering the expansion valve is
quite warm.
• The is mainly two types used in the air condition system
1. Internally equalized valve : most common.
2. Externally equalized valve : for special control.
 EVAPORATOR
• It is remove heat from air , water or other
substance.
• Refrigerant liquid is converted to gas,
absorbing heat from the air in the
compartment.
PROCESS OF AIR-CONDITIONING
MAINLY AIR CONDITIONER HAS 4 COMPONENTS.

– The compressor
– The condenser
– The expansion valve
– The evaporator

Apart from these 4 components we have to consider

about The copper refrigerant tube
BRIEFLY IDENTIFY THE PROCESS OF
EACH COMPONANTS
HOW REFRIGERANT GAS FLOW
THROUGH THE CYCLE
ACTUAL PROCESS OF THE AIR
CONDITIONING
TYPES OF AIR CONDITIONERS
 TYPES OF AIR CONDITIONERS
• There are three types of air conditioners
• Room Air Conditioning system
» Split Air Conditioning system
» Window Air Conditioning system
• Package Air Conditioning system
» Water cooled condenser
» Air cooled condenser
• Central Air Conditioning system
» Direct expansion or DX central Air Conditioning plant
» Chilled water central Air Conditioning plant
ROOM AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
• Split Air Conditioning system
This is consisted with two parts,
 Indoor unit
 Outdoor unit
– Types of Split Air Conditioning system
• Ceiling Mounted (Cassette Unit)
• Floor Mounted
• Duct type
ROOM AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM CNT.
 ROOM AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM CNT.
 Window Air Conditioning system
This is the most common system for single rooms
 ROOM AIR CONDITIONING UNIT CNT.

Split Air Conditioning system Vs. Window Air Conditioning system

Split Unit Window unit

Suitable for small rooms with a Suitable any room with or
window sill without a window

Noise is relatively on the Minimal noise

higher side
Capacity range is 0.75 ton to 2 Capacity range 0.8 to 2 ton
ton
Ease of installation Need some effort in installation
 PACKAGE AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
• Water cooled condenser

In this system condenser is cooled by water.Water has to be

supplied continuously in these systems to maintain functioning of the air conditioning system.
The water cooled condenser is used as a function to reject the heat that was absorbed by the
refrigerant in the evaporator. Water which is used for the purpose is transferred to a drain line
after using in the condenser.
PACKAGE AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM CNT.

Air cooled condenser

This system is called as air cooled
condenser because in this system atmospheric air is used for cooling
the condenser.
CENTRAL AIR CONDITIONING
SYSTEM
WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF CENTRAL AIR
CONDITIONER???

• Split-system unit
• Packaged unit
 SPLIT-SYSTEM UNIT

• In many split-system air conditioners, this indoor cabinet

also contains a furnace or the indoor part of a heat pump.
• The air conditioner's evaporator coil is installed in the
cabinet or main supply duct of this furnace or heat pump.
• If your home already has a furnace but no air conditioner,
a split-system is the most economical central air
conditioner to install.
 PACKAGED CENTRAL AIR CONDITIONER

• In a packaged central air conditioner, the evaporator, condenser,

and compressor are all located in one cabinet, which usually is
placed on a roof or on a concrete slab next to the house's
foundation.
• This type of air conditioner also is used in small commercial
buildings.
 CHILLED WATER CENTRAL AIR
CONDITIONING PLANTS

• The chilled water types of central air conditioning plants are

installed in the place where whole large buildings, shopping mall,
airport, hotel, etc. comprising of several floors are to be air
conditioned
• In chilled water plants, the ordinary water is chilled to very low
temperatures of about 6 to 8 degree Celsius by the refrigeration
plant
CHILLED WATER CENTRAL AIR CONDITIONING
PLANTS
 DIRECT EXPANSION (DX) TYPE OF CENTRAL
AIR CONDITIONING PLANT

• In the direct expansion or DX types of air central conditioning plants

the air used for cooling space is directly chilled by the refrigerant in
the cooling coil of the air handling unit. Since the air is cooled
directly by the refrigerant the cooling efficiency of the DX plants is
higher
THREE MAIN COMPARTMENTS OF THE DX TYPE OF
CENTRAL CONDITIONING SYSTEMS

• DX Central Air Conditioning Plant

• The Plant Room
• The Air Handling Unit Room
• Air Conditioned Room
CONCLUSION
QUESTION AND ANSWERS