Republic of the Philippines

SORSOGON STATE COLLEGE

ENGINEERING-ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT
Sorsogon City

APPLICATIONS OF DEFINITE INTEGRALS

A Compilation Project in Calculus 2

1st Sem., A.Y. 2019-2020

Submitted by:
Francine Anne J. Alegre
CE-2B

Submitted to:
Roderick B. Astillero
Associate Professor II
1.01

Determine the area of the region enclosed by y= 𝑥 2 and y= √𝑥

Solution.

𝑏
𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
𝐴 = ∫ (𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛) − ( ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑎
𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
1
= ∫ √𝑥 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
0

2 3 1 1
= ( 𝑥3 − 𝑥3)
3 3 0
1
=
3
 1.02
Determine the area of the region bounded by y= 2𝑥 2 + 10 and y= 4𝑥 + 16

Solution.

2𝑥 2 + 10 = 4𝑥 + 16
2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 6 = 0
2(𝑥 + 1) (𝑥 – 3) = 0

The two curves will intersect at 𝑥 = −1 and 𝑥 = 3.

𝑏
𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
𝐴 = ∫ (𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛) − ( ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑎
𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
3
= ∫ 4𝑥 + 16 − (2𝑥 2 + 10)𝑑𝑥
−1
3
= ∫ −2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 6 𝑑𝑥
−1

3
= [−2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 6]
−1
64
=
3
1.03
Determine the area of the region bounded by 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 + 10 , 𝑦 = 4𝑥 + 16 , 𝑥 = −2 and
𝑥 = 5
Solution.

−1 3
𝐴 = ∫ 2𝑥 + 10 − (4𝑥 + 16)𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 4𝑥 + 16 − (2𝑥 2 + 10)𝑑𝑥
2
−2 −1
5
+ ∫ 2𝑥 2 + 10 − (4𝑥 + 16)𝑑𝑥
3
−1 3 5
= ∫ 2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 6 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ −2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 6 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 6 𝑑𝑥
−2 −1 3

2 3 2
−1 −2𝑥 3 2
3 2𝑥 3 5
= [ 𝑥 − 2𝑥 − 6𝑥] + [ + 2𝑥 + 6𝑥] + [ − 2𝑥 2 − 6𝑥]
3 −2 3 −1 3 3

2(−1)3 2(−2)3
= [ − 2(−1)2 − 6(−1) − ( − 2(−2)2 − 6(−2))]
3 3

−2(3)3 −2(−1)3
+[ + 2(3)2 + 6(3) − ( + 2(−1)2 + 6(−1)) ]
3 3

2(5)3 2
2(3)3
+[ − 2(5) − 6(5) − ( − 2(3)2 − 6(3)]
3 3
14 64 64
= + +
3 3 3
142
=
3
1.04
𝜋
Determine the area of the region enclosed by 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 , 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 , 𝑥 = , and the y-axis.
2

The intersection point will be where sin 𝑥 = cos 𝑥

𝜋 𝜋
4 2
𝐴 = ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝜋
0
4

𝜋 𝜋
2
= [𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥] 4 + [− 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 ] 𝜋
0
4
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
= [𝑠𝑖𝑛 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ] + [− 𝑐𝑜𝑠 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 − (− 𝑐𝑜𝑠 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 )]
4 4 2 2 4 4
= √2 − 1 + (√2 − 1)

= 2√2 − 2
 1.05
If R is the region bounded above by the graph of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 4 and
𝑥
below by the graph of the function 𝑔(𝑥) = 3 − 2 over the interval [1, 4], find the area of
region R.

𝑏
𝐴 = ∫ [𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)]𝑑𝑥
𝑎
4
𝑥
= ∫ [(𝑥 + 4) − (3 − )] 𝑑𝑥
1 2
4
3𝑥
= ∫ [ + 1] 𝑑𝑥
1 2
3𝑥 2 4
= [ + 𝑥]
4 1

3(4)2 3(1)2
= [ +4−( + 1)]
4 4
3
= 12 + 4 – −1
4
57
= 4
 1.06
𝑥
If R is the region bounded above by the graph of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 9 − (2)2 and
below by the graph of the function 𝑔(𝑥) = 6 − 𝑥, find the area of region R.

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔 (𝑥)
𝑥
9 − ( )2 = 6 – 𝑥
2
𝑥2
9 − = 6– 𝑥
4
36 − 𝑥 2 = 24 − 4𝑥
𝑥 2 + 24 – 4𝑥 – 36 = 0
𝑥 2 – 4𝑥 – 12 = 0
(𝑥 – 6) (𝑥 + 2) = 0

The graphs of the functions intersect when x = 6 or x = −2, so we want to integrate

from −2 to 6. Since f(x) ≥ g(x) for −2 ≤ x ≤ 6, we obtain:

𝑏
𝐴 = ∫ [𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)]𝑑𝑥
𝑎
6
𝑥 2
= ∫ [9 − ( ) − (6 − 𝑥)] 𝑑𝑥
−2 2
6
𝑥2
= ∫ (9 − − 6 + 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
−2 4
6
𝑥2
= ∫ (3− + 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
−2 4

𝑥3 𝑥2 6
= [3𝑥 − + ]
12 2 −2

63 62 −23 −22
= [3(6) − + − (3(−2) − + )]
12 2 12 2
2
= [18 − 18 + 18 + 6 − − 2]
3
64
=
3
1.07

Determine the area below 𝑓(𝑥) = 3 + 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 and above the x-axis.

3 + 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 = 0
(𝑥 – 3) (−𝑥 – 1) = 0
𝑥 = 3, 𝑥 = −1

3
𝐴 = ∫ 3 + 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
−1

2𝑥 2 𝑥 3 3
= [3𝑥 + − ]
2 3 −1

2(3)2 33 2(−1)2 (−1)3

= [3(3) + − − (3(−1) + − ]
2 3 2 3
1
= (9 + 9 – 9 + 3 – 1 – )
3
32
=
3
 1.08
Determine the area to the left of 𝑔(𝑦) = 3 − 𝑦 2 and to the right of x= -1
3
𝐴 = ∫ 3 − 𝑦 2 − (−1)𝑑𝑦
−2
2
= ∫ 4 − 𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦
−2

𝑦3 2
= [4𝑦 − ]
3 −2
(2)3 (−2)3
= [4(2) − − (4(−2) − ]
3 3
8 8
= (8 − + 8 − )
3 3
32
=
3
 1.09
Find the area of the region bounded by the graph of 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 2, 𝑦 = −𝑥, 𝑥 = 0,
and
𝑥 = 1.

𝑏
𝐴 = ∫ [𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥)]𝑑𝑥
𝑎
1
= ∫ [(𝑥 2 + 2) − (−𝑥)]𝑑𝑥
0

𝑥3 𝑥2 1
= [ + + 2𝑥]
3 2 0

13 12
= [ + + 2(1)]
3 2
1 1
= [ + + 2]
3 2
17
=
6
1.10
Find the area of the region bounded by the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 − 𝑥 2 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥.

2 − 𝑥2 = 𝑥
−𝑥 2 – 𝑥 + 2 = 0
−(𝑥 + 2) (𝑥 − 1) = 0
𝑥 = −2 𝑥 = 1

1
𝐴 = ∫ [(2 − 𝑥 2 ) − 𝑥]𝑑𝑥
−2
1
= ∫ [−𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 2]𝑑𝑥
−2

𝑥3 𝑥2 1
= [− − + 2𝑥]
3 2 −2

13 12 −23 (−2)2
= [− − + 2(1) − (− − + 2(−2))]
3 2 3 2
1 1 8
= [− − + 2 − + 2 + 4]
3 2 3
9
=
2
2.01
Find the volume of the solid formed by revolving the region bounded by the graph of

𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
and the x-axis (0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 𝜋) about the x-axis.
𝑅(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥)

𝑏
𝑉 = 𝜋 ∫ [𝑅(𝑥)]2 𝑑𝑥
𝑎
𝜋
2
= 𝜋 ∫ (√𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
0
𝜋
= 𝜋 ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
0
𝜋
= 𝜋 [− 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥]
0
= 𝜋 (1 + 1)
= 2𝜋
2.02
Find the volume of the solid formed by revolving the region bounded by the graph of
𝑓(𝑥) = 2 − 𝑥 2
and g(x) = 1 about the line y = 1.
𝑅(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) – 𝑔(𝑥)
= (2 − 𝑥 2 ) – 1
= 1 − 𝑥2

𝑏
𝑉 = 𝜋 ∫ [𝑅(𝑥)]2 𝑑𝑥
𝑎
1
= 𝜋 ∫ (1 − 𝑥 2 )2 𝑑𝑥
−1
1
= 𝜋 ∫ (1 − 2𝑥 2 + 𝑥 4 )𝑑𝑥
−1

2𝑥 3 𝑥 5 1
= 𝜋 [𝑥 − + ]
3 5 −1

2(1)3 (1)5 2(−1)3 (−1)5

= 𝜋 [1 − + − (−1 − + )]
3 5 3 5
2 1 2 1
= 𝜋 (1 − + +1− + )
3 5 3 5
16𝜋
=
15
 2.03
Find the volume of the solid formed by revolving the region bounded by the graphs
of

𝑦 = √𝑥 and 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 about the axis.

𝑅(𝑥) = √𝑥
𝑟(𝑥) = 𝑥 2

𝑏
𝑉 = 𝜋 ∫ ([𝑅(𝑥)]2 − [𝑟(𝑥)]2 )𝑑𝑥
𝑎
1
= 𝜋 ∫ [(√𝑥)2 − (𝑥 2 )2 ]𝑑𝑥
0
1
= 𝜋 ∫ (𝑥 − 𝑥 4 )𝑑𝑥
0

𝑥2 𝑥5 1
= 𝜋[ − ]
2 5 0

12 15
= 𝜋[ − ]
2 5
3𝜋
=
10
 2.04
Find the volume of the solid formed by revolving the region bounded by the graphs
of
Y= 𝑥 2 + 1, 𝑦 = 0, 𝑥 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = 1 about the y-axis.

1
V= π∫0
 2.05
Find the volume of the solid of revolution formed by revolving the region bounded
by
𝑦 = 𝑥 − 𝑥3
and the x- axis (0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1) about the y-axis.

𝑏
𝑉 = 2𝜋 ∫ 𝑝(𝑥)ℎ(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝑎
1
= 2𝜋 ∫ 𝑥(𝑥 − 𝑥 3 )𝑑𝑥
0
1
= 2𝜋 ∫ (−𝑥 4 + 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
0

𝑥5 𝑥3 1
= 2𝜋 [– + ]
5 3 0

15 13
= 2𝜋 [− + ]
5 3
1 1
= 2𝜋 (− + )
5 3
4𝜋
=
15
 2.06
Find the volume of the solid formed by revolving the region bounded by the graphs
of
𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 1, 𝑦 = 0, 𝑥 = 0, and 𝑥 = 1 about the y-axis.

𝑏
𝑉 = 2𝜋 ∫ 𝑝(𝑥)ℎ(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝑎
1
= 2𝜋 ∫ 𝑥(𝑥 2 + 1)𝑑𝑥
0
1
= 2𝜋 ∫ [𝑥 3 + 𝑥] 𝑑𝑥
0

𝑥4 𝑥2 1
= 2𝜋 [ + ]
4 2 0

14 12
= 2𝜋 ( + )
4 2
3𝜋
=
2
 2.07

The pontoon is designed by a rotating the graph of

𝑥2
𝑦= 1 − , -4 ≤ x ≤ 4 about the x-axis, where x and y are measured in feet. Find the
16
volume of the pontoon.

4 2
𝑥2
𝑉 = 𝜋 ∫ (1 − ) 𝑑𝑥
−4 16
4
𝑥2 𝑥4
= 𝜋 ∫ (1 − + ) 𝑑𝑥
−4 8 256

𝑥3 𝑥5 4
= 𝜋 [𝑥 − + ]
24 1280 −4

43 45 −43 −45
= 𝜋 [4 − + − (−4 − + )]
24 1280 24 1280
8 4 8 4
= 𝜋(4– + +4− + )
3 5 3 5
64𝜋
=
15
2.08

Find the volume of the solid formed by revolving the region bounded by the graphs of
𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 + 1, 𝑦 = 1, and 𝑥 = 1 about the line 𝑥 = 2.

𝑏
𝑉 = 2𝜋 ∫ 𝑝(𝑥)ℎ(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝑎
1
= 2𝜋 ∫ (2 − 𝑥)(𝑥 3 + 𝑥 + 1 − 1)𝑑𝑥
0
1
= 2𝜋 ∫ (−𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥)𝑑𝑥
0

𝑥5 𝑥4 𝑥3 1
= 2𝜋 [– + − + 𝑥2]
5 2 3 0

15 14 13
= 2𝜋 (− + − + 12 )
5 2 3
1 1 1
= 2𝜋 (− + − + 1)
5 2 3
29𝜋
=
15
2.09

Find the volume of the solid of revolution formed by revolving the region bounded by the
graph of
2
𝑥 = 𝑒 −𝑦
and the y-axis (0 ≤ y ≤1) about the x-axis.

𝑑
𝑉 = 2𝜋 ∫ 𝑝(𝑦)ℎ(𝑦)𝑑𝑦
𝑐
1
2
= 2𝜋 ∫ 𝑦𝑒 −𝑦 𝑑𝑦
0

2 1
= −𝜋 [𝑒 −𝑦 ]
0
1
= 𝜋 (1 − )
𝑒
2.10
Use the shell method to find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the plane
region about the given line 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 , 𝑦 = 0, about the line 𝑥 = 4

𝑥=0
𝑦 = 2𝑥 – 𝑥 2
= 2(0) – (0)2
𝑦= 0

𝑦=0
0 = 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2
2𝑥 = 𝑥 2
𝑥=2

𝑏
𝑉 = 2𝜋 ∫ 𝑝(𝑥)ℎ(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝑎
2
= 2𝜋 ∫ (4 − 𝑥)(2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
0
2
= 2𝜋 ∫ (𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 2 + 8𝑥)𝑑𝑥
0

𝑥4 2
= 2𝜋 [ − 2𝑥 3 + 4𝑥 2 ]
4 0

24
= 2𝜋 ( − 2(23 ) + 4(22 ))
4
= 2𝜋 (4 − 16 + 16)
= 8𝜋
3.01
Find the area of the surface formed by revolving the graph of f(x) = 𝑥 3 on the interval [0, 1]
about the x-axis.

S=2