ISSN(online): 2589-8698

ISSN(print): 2589-868X

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies

Available Online at www.ijmbs.info
Volume 1, Issue 3; May-June: 2017; Page No. 01-13

Review on Obesity treatment in Ayurvedic, Homeopathic, Allopathic, and

home remedies.
Richa Tibrewal * Preeti Singh
Jayoti Vidyapeeth Women’s, University Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.

ABSTRACT:
Obesity, a complex interplay between environmental and genetic factors and is associated with
significant morbidity and mortality. Usage of herbs for the management of obesity in the recent times is
attracting attention. A web and man-ual based literature survey was conducted to assess the amount of
information available on the herbal products for weight management. Traditional literature, PubMed,
Scopus, Google scholar databases were screened up to February 2012. The search words were “obesity”,
“herbal medicine/products/extracts”, “medicinal plants”, “traditional medicine”, Obesity in adults is
characterized when the Body Mass Index (BMI) is greater than or equal to 30. It is estimated that 1.7
billion people in the world are overweight or obese, and more than one third of U.S. adults (35.7%) are
obese. There are a variety of factors that play a role in obesity, such as behavior, environment, and
genetic factors. Usual countermeasures include adequate physical activity, avoidance of calorie-dense
foods, and use of certain drugs for promoting weight loss. Surgery is an extreme measure and anyone
considering it must have failed consistently in losing weight through lifestyle changes and less invasive
methods. The main drugs currently employed in obesity treatment present dangerous side effects,
namely: elevation of blood pressure, insomnia, constipation, headaches, among others. For this reason, a
wide variety of natural materials have been explored for their obesity treatment potential. Considering
that natural anti-obesity products have different mechanisms, the recommended approach to research a
more effective obesity treatment, reaching the associated synergistic effects, must involve the
combination of natural products and/or products with multiple activities. This chapter describes several
natural products with anti-obesity activity, and active components and mechanisms of action to combat
obesity.
Keywords: anti-obesity activity, metabolic syndrome, natural products, obesity

INTRODUCTION: countries. Social disparities in obesity persist and

have increased in some countries. According to
Obesity is a medical condition in which excess
World Health Organization (WHO) report more
body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may
than one billion people around the world are
have a negative effect on health. Today, more
identified as overweight. In India, more than 3%
than one in two adults and nearly one in six
of people are diagnosed as obese. Earlier obesity
children are overweight or obese in the OECD
was distressing the people of developed countries,
area. The obesity epidemic has spread further in
but now days it has become a more serious
the past five years, although at a slower pace than
concern in developing countries and
before. Despite this, new projections show a
underdeveloped countries too. Obesity is a
continuing increase of obesity in all studied
complex disease caused by the interaction of a

Corresponding author: Richa Tibrewal 1

Richa Tibrewal et al., International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies
myriad of genetic, dietary, lifestyle, and
environmental factors, which favors a chronic
positive energy balance, and leads to increased
body fat mass. The incidence of obesity is rising
at an alarming rate and is becoming a major
public health concern with incalculable social
costs. Indeed, obesity facilitates the development
of metabolic disorders such as diabetes,
hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases in
addition to chronic diseases such as stroke,
osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, some cancers, and
inflammation-based pathologies. Both lifestyle
and pharmacotherapy interventions have been
considered by physicians and other health care
professionals as obesity treatment modalities.
Studies show that only 5-10% subjects can
maintain their weight loss over the years . The
complex pathogenesis of obesity indicates the
need of different intervention strategies to
confront this problem with a simple drug therapy
which is more acceptable to patients .
Disappointing results, after cessation the lifestyle
modification or pharmacotherapy indicated the
need of other treatment modalities to produce
better and long-lasting results, in terms of weight
loss . Herbal supplements and diet-based
therapies for weight loss are among the most
common n complementary and alternative
medicine [CAM] modalities. A vast range of
these natural products and medicinal plants,
including crude extracts and isolated compounds
from plants can be used to induce weight loss and
prevent diet-induced obesity. In the recent
decades, these have been vastly used in
management of obesity due to containing a large
variety of several components with different anti-
obesity and anti-oxidant effects on body
metabolism and fat oxidation. Medicinal plants
have been investigated and reported to be useful
FIG:-1
in treatment of obesity, diabetes and other chronic
diseases.
Adults
For adults, WHO defines overweight and obesity
as follows:
• Overweight is a BMI greater than or equal to
25; and
• Obesity is a BMI greater than or equal to 30.
BMI provides the most useful population-level
measure of overweight and obesity as it is the
same for both sexes and for all ages of adults.
However, it should be considered a rough guide
because it may not correspond to the same degree
of fatness in different individuals.
For children, age needs to be considered when
defining overweight and obesity.
Children under 5 years of age
For children under 5 years of age:
• overweight is weight-for-height greater than 2
standard deviations above WHO Child Growth
Standards median; and
• Obesity is weight-for-height greater than 3
standard deviations above the WHO Child
Growth Standards median.
Children aged between 5–19 years
Overweight and obesity are defined as follows for
children aged between 5–19 years:
• overweight is BMI-for-age greater than 1
standard deviation above the WHO Growth
Reference median; and
• Obesity is greater than 2 standard deviations
above the WHO Growth Reference median.
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Richa Tibrewal et al., International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies

Definition and Epidemiology and the IMC also change with height and age.
Calculating body mass index (BMI), also known Obesity is 541 Journal of Food and Nutrition
Research considered when the percentage above
asquetelet index is defined by dividing the mass
95% of BMI for age and sex. Excess fat can be
(Kg) by the square of the height (m) – it is the
located in the abdominal area, which is defined as
epidemiological indicator for the diagnosis of
android-type obesity, central obesity, abdominal
overweight and obesity. According to the adapted
classification by the World Health Organization obesity or apple shaped, showing a high risk of
cardiovascular complications when compared to
(WHO), obesity is defined by a BMI greater than
gynecoid obesity, inferior obesity, peripheral
or equal to 30 Kg/m2. The presence of
obesity, gluteal-femoral (i.e. the pear shape)
overweight or obesity increases the risk of
which the fat is concentrated in the region of the
comorbidities, there is an association between
hips.
BMI and mortality or chronic diseases. The
definition of infant obesity it´s more complicated

TABLE 1: Classification of obesity according to BMI (Kg/m2) and the risk of disease

DIAGNOSING OVERWEIGHT/OBESITY
Body Mass Index (BMI): Overweight and Obesity are assessed using Body Mass Index
(BMI). It is defined as a person's weight in kilograms divided by the square of his / her height in meters
(kg/m2).

FIG:-2

CAUSES OF OVERWEIGHT/OBESITY  Genetics, endocrine disorders, Medical

Reasons or Psychiatric illness
 Increased intake of energy-dense foods that are
high in fat, carbohydrates  Day – time sleeping
 Overeating and Irregular food habits SYMPTOMS:
 Lack of Physical activities due to sedentary life 1. Breathlessness even on little exertion / physical
style activity.
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Richa Tibrewal et al., International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies
2. Lack of interest in doing work.
3. Profuse sweating with foul body odor.
4. Excessive hunger.
5. Feeling of tiredness.
6. Excessive sleep
Ayurveda:
In Ayurveda, Atisthaulya (Obesity) is described
as excessive accumulation of Meda (fat/adipose
tissue) and Mamsa (flesh/muscle tissue) leading
to flabbiness of hips, abdomen, and breast. It is
considered as one of Santarpanottha Vikaras
(disease due to consumption of excessive
calories) in Ayurveda. Medodushti (disorders of
fat metabolism) may be one of the risk factors for
Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD).
AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT LINE OF
TREATMENT
(Under strict supervision of Registered
Ayurvedic Physician) Shamana (Palliative)
treatment:
 Langhan (Fasting),
 Ama pachan (oral use of digestives to
augment the fat metabolism),
 Ruksha Udwartan (Dry medicated powder
massage),
 Heavy and non-nourishing diet/items like
Honey, salad etc are advised.
 Physical exercises, mental work is also
recommended.
Samshodhana Chikitsa (Purificatory
procedures): Panchakarma
1. Vaman (Therapeutic emesis),
2. Virechan (Therapeutic purgation),
3. Lekhan vasti (Medicated enema) are advised
for the management of Sthaulya.
4. Single drugs: Guduchi, Vidanga, Musta,
Sunthi, Amla, Vaca, Daruharidra, Guggulu, etc.
5. Compound Formulations: Trikatu, Navak
Guggulu, Triphala Guggulu, Vidangadi
Churna,Takrarishta, Navayasa lauha, Arogya
Vardhini Vati etc.
6. LEADING HOMOEOPATHIC
MEDICINES FOR TREAT OBESITY :
1. AMMONIUM CARB.
Fat patients with weak heart. For women who are
tired and weary and take cold easily and lead a
sedentary life. Dry coryza and stoppage of the
nose, chiefly at night, with danger of suffocation.
With long continued coryza, can only breathe
through the mouth. Women with premature and
too copious menses, with emission of black and
acrid blood. Sadness, with disposition to weep.
Timidity of character. Disgust with life.
Heedlessness. Great absence of mind and
weakness of memory. Vertigo, on reading in a
sitting posture. Chilly patient with great
sensitiveness to cold open air, < in wet, stormy
weather ; from washing ; > by warmth.
2. AMMONIUM MUR.
In case the body is fat and legs are thin. With
large buttocks. Full of grief, but cannot weep.
Irritability and disposition to be angry. Very
severe ulcerative pain in the heel, > by rubbing.
The feet get very cold in the evening in bed.
3. ANTIMONIUM CRUDUM.
Children and young person with tendency to grow
fat with coated moist white tongue. The subject
needing this remedy may belch a great deal, and
the eructations may taste of the ingesta. Bloating
after eating. < By heat is a marked characteristic.
The symptoms are < in the heat of the Sun. Nails
discoloured and deformed. Corns and callous
excrescences on the feet. Alternate diarrh�a
and constipation especially in aged persons.
4. AURUM METALLICUM.
Fat patients with Arteriosclerosis and high blood
pressure. With fatty degeneration of heart.
Patients with melancholy, hopelessness, profound
depression, tendency to suicide and longing for
death. Pain in heart region extending down left
arm to fingers. Chilliness predominates ; coldness
of hands and feet, sometimes lasting all night.
5. CALCAREA CARBONICA.
This is the main remedy for reducing obesity. The
characteristic symptom is sweating on the
forehead which wets the pillow when sleeping. It
should be given in 200 potency with weekly
repetition. This can be prescribed to obese
children also. The patient�s hand is soft, warm,
and moist ; a boneless hand with clammy feet.
Great sensitiveness to cold, damp air. Dread of
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Richa Tibrewal et al., International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies
bathing and water. Great weakness on ascending,
on walking and talking.
6. CALOTROPIS GIGANTEA.
This medicine is helpful in reducing the obesity
without decreasing the weight i. e. flesh will be
decreased, the muscles will become harder and
firmer. Heat in stomach is a good guiding
symptom.
7. CAPSICUM.
It is particularly suited to people who are weak of
lax fiber and who have little vital heat. The
digestion is poor and they suffer from myalgia
(aching and jerking of muscles). They have
burning pains but hate the cold. Often indicated in
old people who have exhausted their vitality. This
remedy is very suitable for children also. The
mental state shows home-sickness. > From heat is
the most important modality.
8. CARLSBAD.
Its chief fame has been gained by its action on the
liver, and in the treatment of obesity and diabetes.
Sensitiveness to cold air; great liability to take
cold. Sweats more easily. > In open air ; on
motion. The breath smells offensive, the tongue is
white and feels furry. The patient is self-satisfied,
very talkative and uncommondly good-humoured.
Discouraged and anxious about domestic duties.
Absent-minded ; heedless ; forgets names.
9. ESCULENTINE.
One of the great fat reducers. May be alternated
with Phytoline. Both remedies should be used in
mother tincture.
10. FERRUM METALLICUM.
Obesity with an�mia, face puffy with pitting of
flesh. This remedy is recommended to children
also. Delicate girls, fearfully constipated, with
low spirits. The pulse of the patient is full and
yielding. < From eating eggs. This remedy should
be given carefully in h�morrhagic phthisis, as it
may aggravate. Rheumatic symptoms, especially
of left shoulder and deltoid.
11. FUCUS VESICULOSUS.
It is given when Calcarea Carbonica fails. It
should be given in drop doses of mother tincture.
It is very effective in cases of indigestion,
obstinate constipation and flatulence. It is suitable
to people with enlarged thyroid glands. Goitre has
been cured with it.
12. GRAPHITES.
Obesity in females with delayed menstruation.
Indicated for fair, fat, chilly, constipated people
who have skin trouble. Helpful to those who have
lost desire for sex.
13. KALI BICHROMICUM.
It is especially suited to fair-haired, fat persons,
especially fat, chubby children ; fat, sluggish
people. Gastric symptoms supersede rheumatic
symptoms. Liability to take cold in the open air.
Great debility, with desire to lie down.
14. KALI CARBONICUM.
This remedy is especially good for older fat
people who are characterized by sweat, backache
and weakness. This remedy should be used
cautiously in Bright�s disease and
Tuberculosis. This remedy is for dark haired
persons of lax fibre and inclined to be fat.
15. PHYTOLACCA BERRY.
One of the effective weight and corpulence
reducing remedies.
TREATMENT OF Obesity in Allopathic:-
List of drugs used to treat the medical condition
called Obesity
Generic and Trade Names of Drugs for
Treatment of Obesity
a. Atorvastatin
Atorvastatin is an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor,
also known as "statin”, prescribed for
hyperlipidemia.
Trade Names :
Inovas -F | TG-Goal | Atamra F | Atorva -TG |
Diplitor | Tonact TG | Axigrel AT | Lipikind -AM
| Eze AM | Zivast -AM
b. Benzphetamine
Benzphetamine is an anorectic agent, prescribed
for obesity.
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Richa Tibrewal et al., International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies

c. Bezafibrate insulin resistance in a group of overweight

Korean women in comparison to the control
Bezafibrate is a fibrate drug, prescribed for high
group.
cholesterol in blood.
Trade Names :
Globez | Beza XL (F/C) (SR) | Beza -XL | Bezalip
| Bezalip (400 mg) | Fenolip | Bezalip (200mg) |
Bezalip (400mg)
d. Diethylpropion
Diethylpropion is an appetite suppressant,
prescribed for obesity.
e. Ezetimibe
Ezetimibe is a lipid-lowering agent, prescribed
for hypercholesterolemia.
FIG:-3
Trade Names :
Mibe | Ezedoc | Ezee | Ezentia | Ezerem | Ezetib | 1. Mix three teaspoons of lemon juice, one
Ezibloc | Ezta | Ezzicad | Filet teaspoon of honey, and one-half teaspoon of
f. Fenofibric Acid black pepper powder in one glass of water. (If
you use freshly ground black pepper, then just
Fenofibric Acid is used to reduce the cholesterol add a quarter teaspoon.)
in patients with obesity problem. It is a HMG- 2. Drink it in the morning on an empty stomach.
CoA reductase inhibitor (statin). It slows the 3. Do this daily for at least three months.
production of cholesterol in the body. Alternatively, you can simply have a cup of warm
Trade Names : water mixed with a teaspoon of lemon juice.
Apple Cider Vinegar
Inovas -F | Genxvast -F | Stator -F | Zivast F | Raw, unfiltered apple cider vinegar is another
Orvaz -FT | Atchol F | Fibrovas | Atornet F | popular home remedy to reduce excess weight.
Redustat -Plus | Lorlip -LS Though the actual weight loss benefits of it are
Home remedies for obesity. still unknown, preliminary research has shown
that it can help protect against obesity.
Lemon Juice
Lemon juice is one of the best home remedies for
fighting obesity. It is rich in fiber, vitamins like
vitamin B and C, minerals including calcium,
magnesium, iron, zinc, and phosphorus.
It helps improve digestion and aids in
detoxification. Healthy digestion is an essential
pre-requisite for weight loss as it helps your body
get the nutrients required to burn fat. The citric
acid present in lemons is very effective in burning
fat .
Furthermore, it helps remove toxins from your
body that slow down your metabolism. A recent
study published in the journal of Nutrition FIG:-4
Research in 2015 showed that a lemon detox
program was very effective in reducing fat and

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Richa Tibrewal et al., International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies

Apple cider vinegar (ACV) was found to decrease Green Tea

cholesterol in animals fed high cholesterol diet in Green tea is another popular natural remedy to
comparison to the controls in animal models. promote weight loss. Green tea is rich in
The use of vinegar as part of a healthy diet can in polyphenols like epigallocatechin gallate
the long run help in weight loss and diabetes. It (EGCG), epigallocatechin, and epicatechin
helps break down fat and hence prevents the gallate which are beneficial for health.
accumulation of body fat.
• Mix two teaspoons of raw, unfiltered apple
cider vinegar in a glass of water. Drink it daily in
the morning and preferably before meals.
• You can also drink a glass of water mixed
with one teaspoon each of raw, unfiltered apple
cider vinegar and lemon juice.
You can have up to two tablespoons of apple
cider vinegar in a day. Do not exceed this
amount, as it may reduce your blood potassium
levels over time and lower your bone mineral
density.
Aloe Vera
Aloe vera is useful in treating obesity because it
stimulates metabolism, increases energy FIG:-6
consumption, and mobilizes unused fat in the
body. A study at Penn State revealed that
epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a compound
found in green tea, helps slow down weight gain
by limiting fat absorption and increasing the
body’s ability to use fat.
Another report from Penn State showed that
decaffeinated green tea along with exercise
helped in achieving weight loss in mice.
While another study published in 2009 showed
that the catechins present in green tea had a small
positive effect on weight loss and weight
management.
Furthermore, green tea is packed with nutrients
FIG:-5 such as vitamin C, carotenoids, zinc, selenium,
Aloe vera contains more than 75 different chromium, and other trace minerals.
biologically active substances. This plant has Drink about three to four cups of green tea daily
been used in traditional medicine for wound to combat obesity. You can also combine it with
healing, anti-inflammatory activity, antiseptic ginger tea or cayenne pepper.
properties and also as a laxative.
Cayenne Pepper
A study done in 2008 showed that phytosterols
Cayenne pepper helps control obesity and aids in
isolated from Aloe vera was effective in reducing
weight loss. It contains capsaicin that stimulates
body fat accumulation in obese diabetic animal
your body to burn fat and increase energy
models .
expenditure.

7
Richa Tibrewal et al., International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies

FIG:-7 FIG:-8
Other than capsaicin, chilies have vitamin C, β Curry leaves, which are lavishly used for
carotene, and lutein which are well-known garnishing and flavoring dishes, are rich in
antioxidants. proteins, carbohydrates, fiber, minerals, carotene,
nicotinic acid, vitamins A and C, calcium and
A review paper published in 2012 looked into the
oxalic acid.
potential medicinal uses of capsaicinoid
compounds in relation to the regulation of weight. It is a rich source of biologically active
Capsaicinoids were found to increase energy compounds like koenigin, girinimbin, koenidine,
expenditure, lipid peroxidation, and also reduce triterpenoids etc.
the appetite. The leaves are traditionally used for its
In addition, it stimulates digestion and suppresses stomachic, tonic, antihelminithic, antidiabetic,
excess appetite caused by malabsorption of antidiarrheal, and carminative properties.
nutrients in the body.
Tomatoes
1. Make cayenne pepper tea by pouring a glass Tomato is an excellent natural medicine bursting
of hot water over cayenne pepper (start with one- with goodness that can help you in your battle
tenth of a teaspoon or just a dash of cayenne against obesity. Tomato is rich in vitamin A and
pepper and gradually increase its quantity to one C, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, and iron
teaspoon). Squeeze the juice from half a lemon in that are required for normal activity of nerves and
it. Drink this tea regularly at least for a month. muscles.
2. Mix two tablespoons each of lemon juice in
10 ounces of water (one glass contains 8 ounces).
Stir in a dash of cayenne pepper and drink it.
3. Use cayenne pepper and other spices, such as
ginger, black pepper, and mustard seeds,
generously in your meal preparations.
4. Curry Leaves
Eating 10 fresh curry leaves daily in the morning
works as a great Ayurvedic remedy to deal with
obesity and diabetes caused by obesity.

FIG:-9

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Richa Tibrewal et al., International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies
Lycopene, the pigment responsible for the bright
red color of tomatoes, is very beneficial for the
body. It works as a powerful antioxidant that
neutralizes damage by free radicals to cells in the
body. Other biological constituents of tomatoes
include coumaric acid and chlorogenic acid.
They fight cancer by blocking powerful
carcinogens like nitrosamines. Tomatoes also
have anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic
properties. The bioavailabilty of lycopene and
other nutrients increases upon cooking and
processing.
Campari tomatoes which contain very high
amounts of lycopenes, were shown to lower lipid
levels in diet-induced obese zebrafish models in a
paper published in 2011.
Eat a couple of tomatoes every morning on an
empty stomach. Make sure you eat the peels and
seeds as well because they contain dietary fiber.
Tomatoes contain compounds that tend to alter
the levels of hormones that affect your appetite.
Furthermore, being rich in vitamins A, C, and K,
and magnesium, manganese, choline, folate, and
other nutrients, they are good for your health.
Also, they are packed with antioxidants that
protect against cancers.
Cabbage
Cabbage has been used as a remedy for weight
loss and obesity. Being a cruciferous vegetable, it
contains phytochemicals that help improve the
imbalance of estrogen metabolism.
FIG:-10
Cabbage belongs to the Brassica genus, of which
kale, cauliflower, broccoli etc are also members.
The members of Brassicaceae are a rich source of
ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds, carotenoids
and glucosinolates.
Fennel
Fennel seeds are believed to be useful in weight
loss because of their diuretic properties. Fennel
seeds have that wonderful aroma around them,
which make them great for flavoring dishes.
FIG:-11
The major compounds of fennel include essential
oil, fatty acid, phenylpropanoids,
monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenes, coumarins,
tannins, flavonoids etc.
The biological properties of fennel are attributed
to its volatile and non-volatile compounds in it. It
is useful for the treatment of stomachic,
analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant
properties.
A diet of fennel seeds was shown to improve
weight loss and decrease leptin (a hormone linked
to body weight) concentration in obese animal
models in a study published in 2017. Diuretics
help you lose weight quickly by reducing water
retention. They do not cause long-term weight
loss though.
Conclusion
Pharmacological interventions in addition to
lifestyle changes (diet and physical activity) and
in some cases behavioural modifications are used
to promote weight loss. At present, only two
drugs are currently approved and available for the
long-term treatment of obesity—orlistat and
sibutramine. However, there are several drugs
and combination drug therapies undergoing Phase
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Richa Tibrewal et al., International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies
III trials that may be approved in the next few
years. Pharmacotherapies have demonstrated a
significant though modest decrease in weight
compared to placebo over 1-2 years.
Unfortunately weight loss following
pharmacological intervention is not sustained
when therapy is discontinued with individuals
regaining some or all of the weight that was
originally lost. There are several plants described
in ayurveda for weight management. But so far,
no systematic and well designed screening is
attempted to come up with an effective herbal
weight loss product. A better understanding in the
existing evidence based science on herbs will
further guide a qualitative research in obesity
management that will attract the end users by the
effective benefits. True randomized, double
blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trials using
herbal products will demonstrate their poten-tial
benefits. Significant weight loss after placebo
sub-traction along with known mechanism of
action are re-quired in order to generate
conviction amongst users as effective agent for
weight management.
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1. Overweight, Obesity and Mortality Charaka
Samhita (Agnivesh tantra), Sutra Sansthana
P.V. Sharma (2005). Dravyaguna Vijnana:
Vol. 1 (Basic Concepts).
2. Medication is to be taken strictly under
supervision of Registered Ayurvedic
physician.
3. Visit National Institutes/ CCRAS Research
Centres for necessary
consultation.(www.ccras.nic.in)
4. file:///D:/my%20project/Best%20Ayurvedic%
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