& The ultimate guide to open source computingLINUX With the internet driving 2 new world of information exchange, business startups and online gaming, coders have suddenly become the gatekeepers to these new realms. Combine the huge interstin leaning how to create ‘and control these weres with the surge of cool devices, suchas the Raspbetty i, and you've got ahead of technological steam the void hasn't seen since the coding raze of the early 1980s. So no matter fyoute looking to eve those heady 80s coding days or are a newbie looking to take your fist steps into the coding wot, you holdin your hands the ideal guide to start coding Thanks to anew generation of open fee software, weall can access operating systems, development too, compiles and the programming languages needed to create professional programs, apps and tools. Well show you how to getup and running with 2 Linux system then access everything you need freely online. Cading ls easy, xcting and fun Well explain the bases, ave onto mare advanced topics, explain how you ‘can se the Raspberry PI and provide you with fully updated exciting and easy to-folow projects. So what are you waiting for? Get codinglLINUXLINUX Contents Get started Getting started with Linux 10 Escape from Windows 10 14 Pick a distro. 24 Top 100 Linux tools. 34 ‘ Basics Package management. 44 Web browsers, 46 Documents. 48 Spreadsheets. 50 PDF editing, 52 Instant messaging. 54 Email 56 Text editors. 58 6 | Linue Made SimpleFun Playing music & video. Audio editing. Photo organisation Photo editing. Video editing. Setting up a media centre Playing games. : Devices Installing drivers. Setting up printers and scanners. Managing Linux drives... Using removable media Understanding the Linux filesystem, Partitioning drives. Managing users, Advanced File sharing Alternative desktops Remote desktop. Virtual machines System repair. Fix startup issues. Two-factor authentication Easy file encryption. Core commands. Troubleshooting 0 Terminal basics. Terminal files Apt get Archiving files. BNISRRE BS 86 90 96 Linux Made Simple. | 7Get Started q Introduction to Linux. lo} = Escape Windows 10. ne + Pick a distro. seers 24 a Top 100 Linux tools cc SeonIt runs on most desktop and laptop PCs, it’s free and you don't even need to install it. Let's look at Linux! ee a Ce ery notice that most of the screens eet tes Deed cau anaes 8 good reason for that: they're not. preparer ny “It’s not scary, it won’t damage ;: your PC and you don’t even have to install anything.” 10 | Linux Made Simple3 Get VirtualBox Head towwavirtualbox.org and download Vitual Box 5fer your operating system, be that Windows oF mae OS. instal anc be aware you I need around 20GB of spare rive pace fo store the virtual OS fle. Youalzo nee the Mint ISO fils rom wwwx ‘com, Once instal. start VirtualBox. click New Machine, choose Liuxand calli Mint 3 Create a machine (Choose Ubuntis and the bits should match the ISO youdovnoaded. Ci Next. Under Memory. we recommend 2048, butifyou have an G8 PC, 4090s best, You can eave alltherest as default settings, apart fromthe dynamichard dive ize. The defaults GB, but we suzgest 3268 just incase Finish and click Start to get gong B Start virtual Mint ‘prompt as for adsc. Locate the Mint ISO fie you deniloaded ans cick Start. Luc Mot stertsand. once leaded, youre fee try itout oruse the Install con to propery install Mattathe vrtualmachine For extended use, inthe virtual machine’ settings uncer Display, you should enable 30 acceleration and allocate 16MB of memory, you've never tried Lin, we think youl be surprised at how easy itis ‘0 use, and how good a development TB piattorm it makes. You should also know that Linux runs the majoity ofthe Internet, from ts core servers to websites, slongside powering 97% ofthe wore's supercemputers. nd being used widely In science and industry. Sit's aot such bad thing to understand afterall Nomatter which tutorial yu fol, you ed a coay ofthe nest Linux Mint Cinnamon esto, Hood to worminuxmint.com/ downoad.php anc cownlarthe 32-bit bile unless you know your system 640i in which cave get that. Ifyou havean older or stowor machine, ont fr the MATE ection, which © less graphical demanding Up and running Arenson wy otc sch 9 oe ewlopmen pation s atta aeatedy developers. Inmary ways, the key weakness of Limochas been ts lack ot ease of use Mine 5. an exception to that us) but then. when t's designed and created by developers, ease of tse going to come atthe bottom of the todo Ist. The upshot of ths history that there's a ‘wealth ofthe mast aavancz tools freely avaiable on all Linux platforms. Aslong a8 youre wiling to seek out help yourse'ane contrite Boek tothe commu youl ft very weleaming and rich development ecosystem wang fr you. Getting apps With Windows, nthe past youve been usedto sett programesby dowmload them from here there andeveryere More acer the introduction of the Windows Store has at east centralised where software comes rom and rermoved the worry geting infected by viruses and aware The facts tat Lina the key way a geting new ols and The GNU projet (GNU stands fo GNU's Nat Jn prete ina by several years hac created oat of he be oot needy 8 computer ofthe say 19808 ~ compe. tet etre ond dectory manpuletion ‘commana, ar much rare but {GNU Hue ft ol that uate), hen Lins Towa trestirkorng ith Ms sma peje 71991. be oda kernel witha te twos un on The two were putter and GN Ui was born = an operating system ig the Linux eel arth GNU tole ot erty the programs in 7a rs feb at Reet beeen ars Roce nr Cee Pieter art Pee aes eee i ac ee programs has always boon from a ontral repository of software, protected ane ‘maintained the olsto' creates Thisie one the reasons why Linas remained so secure (sno iid) but people downloading dodgy software's akey way that machines become infoctec With Une Mint, there's the Sotvare Center. which ves you access tohurdreds of programs nd all the programming development 008 you come om GNU cis the core C ary used Lin and ao comes rom GNU, ‘Sst aso ary tne you do anything en 'sbemngrinat some eet hen we fer too operating stern as Lin andnot GNU/Linux is woth mentioning tat noone realycenes repartee ofthe {BAU apo callrgt OS Lara tha [BNUinachas far more to do wth conenionee ni zines than pois ~ the fle ost Line Made Simple | 11Easy ways to run Linux Wyosienotabigtrnxisec thence aDvDWhenyoutisttmenaPCoucan —rualopealive Terre more ptr relwertiodestoyyoureningWindnraor vawlygetRtoboxtromateraiversde elas ncdng wring he tSO ete Nocsytom andwednttime you Thetuth bypresengF/2orfoiidomC onthe saade USB furnace ar oer iyeudontneedto-LeuxiefesBleenough MacsomePCsboot tomasatbeopied sia bot proses seca are thattcanteruninanumber always bess on dscby oxadt turing Lr rot To gt ht wer, topetor songs mos ober oping ‘Anatherepion total ituBocrom need ouae awn fos suchas UNettoetn Sst andonmostiypescoravare—fom wnevirboxore es pevauspoge stl Yor M7 Ametbootin eto Crain ovesorerurmgdt spare" aninavis-Redcscarpl utceningafarthebrvetiarted youcan shal Ustarnes 0vDsoronbwconthrdiaesuch vital PC speetyeas fyoustcktote cela Lnacon our system del Mos verses astheRaspbery A. THestanddvayoxe stings Themansunbingdocseraumre.ofUnuxcese pace aungsde Winds and JovvegoljeurtandsonthelSO sioburnitto under SioragethatjeuaddtelSO fe tothe makea da bootsys could wihforttsnotwhy wee here but called he Terminal Ths can be calla 2 Terminaland use the commandtoteta Joucan ao counioa Yate’ Steam paring ruber ofaitferent tres. dependingonthe rectory. and to change deter lent ond take scvarage cforer1700Lnux system suchasthe command ine. command games thas to offer. promet or commansiineintertace.itisaérect Linux isn't Windows inferlce tothe operating yeemandall ts Onethingtokeep nmin when you rst use Drivers tos which you access through text Unis that its not Windows or Mac OS X. Wren realy hereto tak about using Linx commands. Gongtackto fw cary daysot_‘Thslrgoy means tings youre used ton inewrydetaibut ere areate standard computersandinux scorers wereso Windows wort werk the samen Linge be uecterathatftencropup when people _murhslowertherewerentary graphical inthesame place no does the sare Tov over tromndows Onekeyones interlace, sacompaters were controled _setf programs. Sig comer prodts vere arealthe cers? Thecoothing wth entre throug tet commanes. suchas Moxa Of. Adobe Unutisthat nthe wink there's noneedto Lnuxwas developed crgnally inthis ype Photoshop and development worry boulders theyre buitinothe cfenvronmert soa coretocls are” toalssuchas Merosot Vs LUnuckerel Thatisn'ttosay youcan'tadd —_basedon Terminaluse, Mary othe oral Stuso arent ieety made for vers, but theyre generally nt enue. theenes youll care about - do have graphical Linus you can un them viaa ‘There are a cape of exceptions: certain more intertacesthese ays. The fact, the Terminal system caked Wine ~ ut the cbscure laptop wireless cards can cause remains an ecient way of controling Linux, Linux open-source commurity ‘ssues,whilif you want maximum 3D gaming, andwhenit camestotroubeshectingitofers has created ts own tools perioemance, you need toinstall he dedicates a consistent set of tols and interfaces to ‘suchas LitreOtfce. Gp, raphics ver fom yourcardsmarulaclurer. resale problems. rita ada whole range . ‘Youdon'tnoedtoknow anythngaboutthe of realy avalableand The Terminal Terminalto use Linwcon aday'to-day basis, open-source products ityou'veheard of Linue.then one ateayou buts good to know thatit' thee ustincase, that offer the right fear rust wonder aout is a thing However we would avis you toatleastopen same capabiites iret R OL Rete) DB UNetbootin Linux DiInstall Mint Boot and run TorunMintfroma USB stick youtist needa Thetoolcan decty dovinloadthe MintISO__Youcan nowvboot your PC fom the USE USB drive atleast 4GBinsize 16GB would image or you, buti's best practice todo ths drive. However youneedto ensure your PC beidea.Youlineedtne Mit SO flefrom —_yOUrset then you have local copy tohandit selects the USBdrveas the boot device. ‘wuinumintcom asdscussedinthe _youwanttocresteaDVDoopy orredothe _Usvally. when yous turn on your PC. VirtualBox walkthrough, andwelluse the process, Select Dskimage andlocatethe fle message sayst press For F2 to select the ‘ona tol UNetbootin from httpe// Inthe Downloadtolder Ensure youhavethe boot device. Some PCs have ther own ‘Thsiestalsthe lve correct USB drive selectedinthe pulkdown _specic button ~ consuf your manual or ‘is SO fe ceectly to your USB civ ‘menu arel cle OK tocreate the dive manufacturer Lina Mint wll now rn 12 | Linux Made SimpleLinux distro guide A tantalising taste of the many different flavours of Linux... sere reser oe ee enter) Se eet ree the Linux OS appearing. There are Linux Poneremee teeter pene} Debian sramdebion org A creottne er etretens enthebock Deban so techincal te tether the rrestrumber of spf to, ekg ‘neo the most popular inthe wed Usury {ceebeon, Deion tetean be thaus of are-bones dso, becaie comes wth lustencugh ogttinstald and up and runing ts rely designed seers and expe butts ery tbe arches complete repenitores of stare hich meas that, tsa ery any to sto Ubuntu ‘yenwubuntucom Ths is arguably the most popular~ or atest the mest widely rown — Line cistron he world As we mentions above, Ubuntu was spun out ofthe Debian orojet to ereato an easy to-use distribution that would be sutable for aryore and everyone to use. Over the years, huge numberof sin-ffs have doen crostos both ofa such as Ubuntu Server, but als unofcial - because itbecare such an easy base to start rem, with ‘an easy instalation easy interface and easy software centre. , Mint eS ‘wos tinuxmint.com Based Ubunt Mint took the crasm of the most popular distro after Ubuntu moved to mere modern, touch the desktp, whereas most Linux users wanted a tractonal keyboard/rouse design witha program menu and desktop icons Mint offers the simplicity of instalation, ease of use athe large sotware base of Ubuntu, but ‘wth optimised versions for older, tower ‘comaitrs anda more foncy version thats known as Cinramen. ss ee ee ene The majority ae general-use distros wich peat aero such as experienced hands-on Terminal Se ened Red Hat “wewwredhatcom Ieshighly unikey you ‘come across Red Hat as Ws thebigrbusiness distro used by enterprises and corperations. is, however. wort mentioning because funcs ‘couple ofhigh-quaty distros that can be freely used, Red Hat. lio: business ands unusual. apaior Linux stro, but there are ways of effectively getting the some technology with realy avaiable dst, Fedora http: //eetfedra.com ‘The Fedorapreectwas createdby RedHat as atest platoon or cutting-edge Linux technology Features are teste in Fedora and when theyre deemed stable erough, they are mered into the Red Hat distriution This Ista scary asi sounds as Federa ony gets these fetizes when thay stabie t's an facet way of testing heats technologies because Fedratendstoget them beore most mer aises OpenSUSE svonensuse.org Avot busness- certo te that also has lone standing pedree It might not be the sevest cistoon the Hck buts widely Used andotenrankedinte top ve sta, a ite superstableandean be put tormany Uses, from standard deskop use to server. Thisis largely Because ts anther corporate sponsored project anc isch acriedby elopesandseftware verdors. Mageia “wurwcmagela.onz Showing you row fd the Linu sro word is, Mage was created off the back of long: nein eens eee ny running commercial Linx distro cabed Mandriva, wri eventually wert bust. From ts ‘shes comes. fresh and powerful desktop distro, which offers a powertl but easy-to-use desktop and complete software library. It stars alongside Uounty and Mint fois 235 ‘of use yot manages to bring new feat es, 100, Arch ‘onwarchlinuxorg Asuperadvanoed version of Lnwxthat youaiosthave te bil om ecateh.This ‘means youned tobe an expert to have any bogacvantage is that arcs active community of experts dalers the latest lds af software Intos://maniara github fo/ ‘Ach Uirux butwithoutalthe of Archvand created pre-built Linxcistio that ' constantly updated go caled aroling have gone out of thar way to try to make k sccessibleto al ves of users. steampowered. ‘com/steamos ‘commercial way StearnOS fs created by Vive Software, the company betind the PC deta tives front forthe Steam Big Plture mode, ‘grating contolrs home strsmingand Lk butt ao means you get an _anesome OS thats exactly what you want 8 before aryone ese gets them yy wae | | ees ‘community has taken the base ‘eas dita While does ean thermore tecinical sid of str release, the developers ‘SteamOS ee htt//store. Hees moeot anevamleof hon Linuxis edn afuly dlstibuten system cal Stan, SteamOSis stad onDatian sis acustom OS tat the sore noone experience that yeu can enor rom a box under your Nm Line Made Simple | 12ew COT Windows 10 Had enough of Windows? Make the switch to Linux and discover the power and freedom it offers. Time to uns open the escape hatch! ee et ee) aed ct frustrated with the Microsoft 2 ee etd eee et eet et ee neg en ae! erent eed er rears eee et Pear nn “The easiest way to migrate Sa from Windows is through Mint, a user-friendly Linux distro” eee ett eee ee ee eeehere's nothing worse than attempting to upgrade or installa new operating system only for something to go wrong You can replace that gut Don't even think about installing Linux until you're backed up... in UEFI rather than BIOS modo (s00 the Rollback and Start Again bo, below fr hal resolving th iss) you ‘unable to get Reco Backup working in any shape or form. try Ma clenching fealng wore carer raion by making tackngupusng he bultn Windows dokimaghg od Lye ge fire you've backed up your Windows installation (rust nua. ich part the Back and Restore bento Your data) before you begin ts wl enable yout easy : tendneen folback toa wortng state something poe ary Back up with Redo aloe Tere arerumereis bockuptoos for theo but weve Whentheman screen appears cickthe"Back'butonto. uae huge Rec Back ancfecovey.vhich works gitstarted Select th ce Wirowsiscurentyintaled | some teoutfulywihbothWidorsandLnatinsalabone—go enya cre) rom tha dropcbwnmeruardchck—_SwBaete ‘ommuredobachinone/tomload.cheand‘ow ie ‘Nest alofthedrves partion wilbeseectedlnvetis ranean instuctonstodomlodtheRedoBacuplve CDinSO_asitisandcle Next again ‘Slautasin format. Burning ta ese simple: pop a bank se inthe drive, browse tothe ISO fle in Windows 10, ight ckit ane choose Bum ds image! you'd rather create a bootable USB sie male utes boon formate as FAT, thon ‘loiloac an run the latest version af Unetbootin trom ntn://sourceforgenet/nrojects/inetboatin ~ select tne Dishimage option eck. Yo select your SO fe ane vey the correct USB drve nas been selected before ccking OK Before proceecng further, you shouldlso create a Windows recovery deco fash crive you don lady have Windows 10 instalation media ~you may nee this shoul Yyourun into probiems with dua boating Ueurty ard Windows Type recovery’int the Windows 10 Search bar and choose Creat a recovery cive'to ge! state. ‘Once your recovery anc Re Backypmediahas been created reboot your PC withthe Redo Backup die inserted then tap the option starup to select your bool device (ctton [Fu] or [FL2). Sole the drive and then choosa Start eco Backup’ when prompte. you end up hack tthe boot choice menu then Ily you're trying te boot from a newer ‘Nes, youl be prompted to choose your bala destination ~ typical the largest paribon on an externa har crive directly paged into your PC, so selec it rom the list making sure thre adequate backup space avalable, ‘and cck'Ne again. Cre done, clk’ Browse to select ‘or crete afolder inside which your backup il be stored (ick ‘Save Hee followed by ‘Next Give yourackup a sutable name the default dates tie confusing, so fee fee to change ito something kere Mit Finally, ‘lek’ New’ again. then it back and wat while Ro Baca des the hard work of backing up yur rive This en eke same ten. if you hav another PC handy, why nat use the time to prepare your Mint install media folowing the advice ‘over the pag? Once thats dene, anc the backup competes successtuly you're reac te installLinve seeething.goes wrong with your Mint instalation, or you want to tart again fern scratch ane try adiflerent apprase’, ‘thera yu need oo is boot rom your Red Backup med {and foliw the step-by-step auie below ich shout things back owacty the vay they werebeforeyoustaried, Roll back and start again t 4 B Restore PC ‘ek Next then select the dre that ‘contains your Windowsinstalstion The ‘entite drive wil Be overwaiten wit your backup so read and digest the warning betore clicking OK: Wat whiethe ive is restorecito the state twain whan you took the backup. As with he backup process, this ean takesome tie, sobe Prepared for along wait B Boot and select backup Bat ram your Redo Backup CO or fash drive, csc Start Redo Bach when prompted. Wren te main screen appears, ick the Restore’ button. rt, selec he Barron on te physical dsk your backup is oredon then lek Nest’ Clekthsbaxto open tne Select Backup mage dialog. then browseto te older you placed your backup in.select the backup ob fieand cick Open’ Boot and start again Once tho process conltes. re OK totowec by Eat lek the poner button n the toto fattand corner and choose boo: Remove the Rode Bchapbock ra whan romped press nt: Yur syst reboot andyou shoud tnd Widows lads cd prewoush, Youn et theta process now core preousmastaneJf Jt? your fait ste backup in pace, youre now ready to take the plunge and instal Linux Mint. WW The folowing procedure assumes you want to Install it alongside your exiting Windows installation ~ its a good route to follow for fst-time switchers, as wells, {or those helping others to make the migration to Linus. ‘oul fed te atest version at Hrupmint.eor, Li ll versions of Mints aLong Term Support (TS) release with suport guaranteed unt Apri 2019. you rather ry Ununtu go to wrmarbuntuscom anc soloct Douriad: lk Ubuntu Desktop anc dowricad te correct version for your processor (64-bit most cases) of ther Ubuntu 4 043.75 cr for the latest release. 1510 Creating your Mint or Unt “The procedure assumes you want to install Mint alongside your existing Windows install” instal disco ash drives te some process for Redo Backup (cathe previeus page) and theinstallation process is idertical forboth Mint ard Ubuntu Saran Mhonyour PCboos rakes ue otatinypooot eI teas ost taal panivaneg hinepes-tisues inact 1s Case put Opa Spt Section beansapersedy terre pverdarc exe UEF oe (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface). In practical terms. Btbgcee prota ree sorts oot See uen tt fret compte wor eae ee ost USF ters sp wth spcal Caray ‘Support Module (CSM), which lows you toemulate the BIOS whan attempting fuse oder hardware and operating systems. They ls shpwith Secure Boot erable. a special feature designed to protect PCs from low-level malware ‘YoUrPC wil alt cortainly ave Secure Boot enabled vihich n't problem fr Min. whieh fly suppers ix U 3] Preparations are complete, it's time to get Mint installed! However anther new lature ~FastBcot (also called QickBoot or FatStartp)~ will ast certiry be enabled too. anlthisrieeds tobe csabled before you can stl Linux (See the Fix UEFT Boot Issues box boo or haw odo this) (Once you've ected your UEFTs settings. make sure your instalation media is puggedin, then reboot your PC: Look for anoptionto sesees the boat menu when you start type ‘key tke FLL This will brig up alist of availabe drives: select your DYD or USB fash dive and hit Eater Dont pane you 00 two entries ~ thishappens whan CSM has been enabled, vt the nen-UEF option lowing youto boot us te oder IOS compatibity mode. However Windows 10 wif almost certain have been installa Using UEFI mode so selec hat option tocontinue Partition your drive tinen your atthe Mit desktop dot clk esta Lixin con Very gis selected eck ‘Cortins and on very bth boxesre cect etre cickirg Canta dean Wat vet nstae scars your arches na perfect word ished spot your Windows 10 sta thsi the cas itis there's no Windows iota eset tht do fol the step ten uid onthe Mary Cong yor Dot ut Boat fox ator pi) ose pyre ve marly ithe rstalr does detec Wows 10 ave sta Linx Milos Windows 10sec ancl Not Your rot sep ibe tafe ot enughcvespceto ge Mink theroumtreeds, The nar wl rao a cata iad pes butyou can chk acd dag the ddr baton tho toa ths fare youre Nt that younave more han ona dive hrc nay acialychose ace re tole talon sovery whch on t's lke ae lek the ro dwar et Selec civ tose you cn chang this iineomsry.youcani. ad youdor ‘wart tostal onthe recommend ve, chk Back a ouow the Sop tp tide todo tings randy. SwvichonyourPC ancepthe ey prompted toenter setup ~ usualy [De] [F2] Look or the FastBoot setting under Soot or Wires Contgwaton. therimake suits eto ‘sabe. yourane problems getting Redo ‘Brckuptolaurch, you shad also temporary sabe Scare Boot and potertialy tweak he (Skt seins in crer for Redo Backpto work cxrtety “look under Boot, Secuny OF ‘Wher cores to CSM ts satings may be hidden aay inthe owe mens. where yu hed references tote es of PRE (oe boot ‘ronment, GOP (roots) ard Storage (or ‘SATA, 2 wel as USB and PS2 applicable Tislews you to selecthely switch CSM on snd oto specie daucss asraquree her's anoptiontrunboth ~ asisthecase wth some ‘ASRock motherboards slet the pprepite ‘option such 35 aot aunen to ensue ‘maximum comptbity sepertormance ‘Natal PCs, particu other models wile you acceso ale these settings. oF ak about an update rat beng them back Aso sere er your P's made ar ‘manufac are the words ‘GSM UEF Ln ‘or Mit to see theresa precevence sey ther steers you can falon tog the "tings ured enabled > Tweak your PO's CSM settings it rcessay to got Redo Backup and Recovery ‘working properly ift'sa newer modal.Assuming Mint chooses the same sive as Windows 10 to installs on, eave atleast 10GB toe space for Windows, and give Mint a minum of GB drive space to work with ~ morei you plan to make it your primary OS. FRemerivr that yeulcan aivays repartition the dive later forremove the Windows partion nce you've set up the ive cick ‘stall Now! Make 2 rote of the warring and cick Continue Youle ackecto confirm the proposed changes = by default the Mint instar ‘creates ust two partitions (the Ext eizys your Linux partion, list ereatesa dedicated ewap portion), Click "Continue to accept the change "Next the instal wil attempt to detect your cation, settingon Lendon inmost cases, You can acvept this or ype the name of your nearest large town tose ft’ recognised, (Cck Contin! then sot your keyboard layout ‘Thenaxt stage s whereyau frst ypeyourname ~you'l the computer name is rele fe you along wth your useename as you type. Yeucan charge these anlenter a password ~ youl need to provide ths when youlogin, plus nacminitrater's password for performing certan tacks (ny opto login auteraticaly your PC isn't shared, and ityou'e install Ubuntu on alantop tek'Enerypt my home folder'to protect your data shoud you lost. Cick‘Continue! nd youre done ~ Mint wil nal satin the background You ‘can gf and make a stariora cupot tea (or two) while you ‘wat or stand read some highs about what eatures and _2pplestions ae included in Utitu, anc how ton mone Using the Softare Centr. When instalation fishes. cick Restart Nowremove the installation cee or rive whan prompted, and it Enter. Ubuntu is now nstalled turn the age to find out Hew ta start usingit Manually configure your drive for dual-booting ©) Launch GParted 8 Free up space for Linux Start partitioning Boot your Mitistalmada Whenthe Ckkontherhshmndshier and rap tllt__ Leave bathbares teed and chk Contin destop appears, ck the'Menu'buttoninfoee wennughspace fr your but. Sout Somhng ose’ under rstalaton theboitom efthand corer andthe Search instal -leve allnst OG few space fr ype ae cick Cortina: Sle there soace bostype GPared Chckthe GPatedentiy Windows Oncedone cck'Resze/Mone’ Utd’ fdev/sdaandickthe * baton toca wine appea'stolunehit Yeriy your, flomedby tne Aopyalloperations bon, pour prtion Sette tz fo 080M Windows Grveiseacted /de/eds) you selena App wen promoted Wak forthe lave gal select the prion ype Should eeatlesttwo partons thelmgest _partionngtocomoletthencick‘Cose. bats! Endo ths space’ Chckthe-Use as fofwhien syourWindowsparttion Right-click Doublecick the install Line Mint shortcut. drap-dounmeraian choose "swap area and this and choose Resze/Move, SolectEnglis anc cick'Contirue ‘OK: ©) Set up Linux partition Create home partition Set boot partition Select the reespace ard cick the button theremairing ree soace anccick's’ youneed to setup your patitions again ‘agen Thstine,setthe partion azet> ago Leave everything os itis. excepttne select eacho the new Linux partons intum 12000MB (1268), leave Logial. Begining mount pont whichyou snauldpontto/ ——andelick toremeve them, then return ofthis space and Ext8 ournalng hie system’ ame before cicking OK’, The Zhome Stop tree, The Deve fr boot loader selected. ek the Mount pont’ crop-down directory where everyones rmenuandchoose 7 tomake tthemain ened ettngs~ including documer sonal les installatoncrop-down menu should point to Pictures your drive (/dew/sda. so verify this is the partition fer Ubuntu toreside on (ityouhave and programs are stored somaxe sureit's ace before ceking Insal Now. Review four plenty of ree space. make bigger). Cick the biggest parton ofthe tree, Once dene ovew your changes, ‘OK’ again nosen partion settings ancl Conte toapply them andinstall Mint