Langkah Langkah Pemberantasan Korupsi di Indonesia

1. Background
Corruption is a chronic problem that occurs in the Indonesian nation. The phenomenon that occurs
is permissive culture that arises in a society where there is a thirst for a state that is free from corruption
but still practices corrupt behavior. Law enforcement for corruption is also still running in place,
especially at the attorney apparatus and the police, public service sectors that tend to be bureaucratic
and inefficient, the private sector which also does not hesitate to practice corruption efforts for profit of
the greatest magnitude and most importantly is the wasteful electoral system of legislative and
executive leaders is also a cause of fertility of corruption.
Since the reforms echoed 15 years ago, the agenda to eradicate corruption is one of the demands
put forward by all people in Indonesia. They want the existing government of Indonesia to adhere to the
principles of transparency, accountability and fairness which are also principles in the enforcement of
anti-corruption. However, in actual practice corrupt behavior is still often cultivated
The value of honesty that is always instilled and echoed sometimes in the practice of community life
becomes a rare thing that can even lead to isolation by the surrounding community. Still taking the
example of the National Examination event, In 2010 in Surabaya there was a mother and child who had
to move from their villages because they upheld the principle of honesty by not tolerating cheating and
spreading answer keys and reporting the incident to the education office and getting exposure from
media.
It is an irony if we expect this country to be a country free from corruption, but acts that lead to
corruption are left unchecked and values that support the elimination of corruption are considered
strange and result in exclusion for those who practice it.
Law enforcement in Indonesia especially in corruption is still highlighted because it is full of
weaknesses. The Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK), which was established in 2002 to drive
corruption eradication activities in terms of enforcement, has shown enough courage to dismantle
various practices of acts of corruption in various sectors and with actors who come from various levels
of office but are not optimal due to the absence of support from other law enforcement agencies that
existed long before the founding of the KPK. Corruption eradication steps in the Corruption Eradication
Commission also experienced trials from the two law enforcement agencies with an effort to attract
those who were seconded to the Corruption Eradication Commission. With all the limited resources
possessed by the KPK, the effort to complete cases that have been revealed has become uncertain
because new problems also never cease to emerge.
Law enforcement officials such as the attorney general's office and the police should also be
encouraged and participate in supporting the disclosure steps undertaken by the KPK because in terms
of the reach and number of personnel it could be very useful to eradicate corruption if it has a firm
commitment.
The public service sector, which is an extension of the State to carry out its functions, fosters the
public interest of residents who live in their territory, so that reforms continue to take place for so long
because they are too complex, inefficient and full of KKN practices.
Many regulations have been made to ensure the implementation of good governance practices so
that public services can be more efficient and positive impacts can be directly felt by the community,
certainty over the quality and speed of service. However, this goal did not materialize because there
were still many overlaps between the regulations and the HR who carried out incompetence and they
perpetuated the KKN practices with the main reason that the welfare obtained was not able to meet the
expenses that had to be met.
The private sector which is the backbone of a country's economy is basically expected to be efficient
so that the welfare level of a country increases with rapid growth and indirectly financing the
implementation of public services derived from taxation will go up and the State expenditure policy for
the income distribution function should be more optimal. But in reality, unhealthy business practices
often arise by collaborating with government officials to obtain 'cakes' that are more than the field in
which they work
The practice of tax evasion with a variety of methods both by utilizing the existing gaps in the rules
of accounting and taxation rules to the act of carrying out bribery to the tax apparatus are mostly found.
The component of leadership succession in the legislative and executive branches is also one of the
sources of the emergence of corruption which is also the main focus. Since the fall of the new order era,
Indonesia has experienced elections three times. Elections are not only used to determine who are the
'elect' who will be tasked to represent the interests of the whole people through the legislative
mechanism in the House of Representatives but are also used to conduct direct elections for figures who
will become Central Government Leaders namely the President and Government Leaders regions,
namely governors at the provincial level and regents / mayors at the regency / municipality level.
Elections with that format turned out to be consuming a very large budget based on the Kompas
R&D Research data. Then, in 2009, election costs reached Rp.47,941 trillion for all levels. These costs can
be used if savings can certainly be used to finance expenditures related to public services.
But it is not the cost of holding that is the main focus, the cost used by candidates who want to go
forward in the election of legislative members and the election of regional heads was quite astonishing.
Based on the release of the Indonesian Public Institute the costs used for each district head candidate
are around 5 billion and for certain regions can reach 20-50 billion and for the election of governors can
range between 20-100 billion. With the high costs incurred, what happens is that the elected regional
head will focus more on how to return the funds that have been spent and of course the methods used
lead to corruption.
Based on the above circumstances, the writer is interested in trying to compile a writing on the
eradication of corruption comprehensively
2. Problems
2.1 Definition of corruption

Ethomological corruption comes from Latin: corruptio from the verb corrumpere which means
rotten, corrupt, shaking, twisting, bribing). Corruption is literally the behavior of public officials, both
politicians or politicians and public servants, who improperly and illegally enrich themselves or
enrich those close to them, by abusing the public power entrusted to them.

Then Robert Klitgaard in his book Controlling Corruption (1998) quoted by Wiwit (2010) defines
corruption as "behavior that deviates from the official duties of a State office because of status
benefits or money that concerns a person (individual, close family, own group) or to violate the rules
for implementing some personal behavior ". According to Komberly Ann Elliott in Corruption and
The Global Economy, quoted by Wiwit (20101) presents the definition of corruption, which is
"misusing government offices for personal gain".

From a legal standpoint, the criminal act of corruption regulated in Law Number 30 of 1999
concerning Eradication of Corruption Crimes includes the following elements:

a) acts against the law;

b) abuse of opportunity authority, or facilities;
c) enrich oneself, others, or corporations;
d) is detrimental to the country's finances or the country's economy.
In addition there are several other types of criminal acts of corruption, including:
e) giving or receiving gifts or promises (bribery);
f) embezzlement in office;
g) extortion in the office;
h) participate in procurement (for civil servants or state administrators);
i) accept gratuities (for civil servants or state administrators)

Whereas based on Syed Husen Alatas (1997) cited in http://leinadunam.blogspot.com/2010/05/m

understand-corruption-and-modus-operandinya.html sociologically corruption consists of:
a) Transactive corruption This type of corruption is caused by a reciprocal agreement between the
giver and the recipient for the benefit of both parties and actively records those profits.
b) Extortive corruption Extortion is corruption in which the giver is forced to hand over bribes to
prevent losses that are threatening him, his interests or something of value to him.
c) Defensive corruption (defensive corruption) People who act violently because if not done, the
business will be hampered or stopped (the behavior of victims of corruption with extortion, so
corruption in order to defend themselves).
d) Investive corruption Giving goods or services without obtaining certain benefits, other than
profits that are still in the imagination or imagined to be obtained in the future.
e) Corruption of kinship or nepotism (nepotistic corruption) This type of corruption includes the
unauthorized appointment of relatives or close friends to occupy positions in government.
 Rewards that conflict with those norms and regulations may be in the form of money, special
facilities and so on
f) Autogenic corruption A form of corruption that does not involve others and the perpetrators are
only one person.

2.2 The Causes of Corruption

Many theories discuss the causes of corruption. The GONE theory coined by Jack Bologne
explains that the root causes of corruption come from greed, opportunity, need and punishment.
Greed arises because of the insatiable nature possessed by humans. Even with high income, if
controlled by greed based on a sense of being insatiable from the needs that are met, then
corruption will also be committed. An example found recently was in the case of Bribery to the
former Head of SKK Migas with the initials RR, as the head of SKK Migas and the commissioner of
Bank Mandiri, the salary earned was around 260 million per month but with that income RR was
suspected of being willing to accept bribes from Kernel Oil.
Opportunity is a situation which is an attractive factor for criminal activity. In a criminal act of
corruption, the weakness of the rules or the power that is owned makes someone have the
opportunity to launch the action.
necessity is another cause of corruption. If greed is driven by a sense of insatiability, then the
need to cause corruption is due to circumstances that require a person to be brave enough to
commit such acts of corruption.
Exposure / punishment is one of the causes of corruption because if the penalties applied to
corruptors are weak or law enforcement can be done hanky panky certainly there will not be a
deterrent effect in the act of corruption. This article will discuss specifically the steps that can be
taken to improve law enforcement.
The four factors greed, opportunity, need and exposure above can stand alone or can also arise
into factors that support each other to encourage someone to commit acts of corruption.

2.3 Corruption Effect

According to Soejono Karni (2010) on the bloghttp: //soejonokarni.wordpress.com/category/11-
secause-practices-corruption-and-corruption/ the impact of the impacts caused by corrupt acts are:
 Destroying the Community Order System, Community Norms Destroyed by Collusion.
Corruption tends to undermine publicly supported governments
 Mostly People Suffer in the World of Economics, Administration, Politics and Law
 High Economic Costs Occur
 Difficult to Improve Efficiency

Whereas K.A. Abbas (2010) outlines the dangers of corruption due to:
K.A Abbas (1975), corruption has a very dangerous effect on human life, both aspects of social, political,
bureaucratic, economic, and individual life. The danger of corruption for life is likened to that corruption
is like cancer in the blood, so the owner of the body must always do "dialysis" continuously if he wants
to be able to live on. Axiomatically, the consequences of corruption can be explained as follows:
a) The danger of corruption to society and individuals.
If corruption in a society has run rampant and become a food for the people every day, then the
consequences will make the community a chaotic society, there is no social system that can apply well.
Every individual in society will only be selfish (self interest), even selfishness. There will be no sincere
cooperation and brotherhood.
b) The danger of corruption to the younger generation.
One of the most dangerous negative effects of corruption in the long run is the destruction of the
younger generation. In a society where corruption has become a daily diet, children grow up with
antisocial personalities, then the younger generation will consider corruption as normal (or even their
culture), so that their personal development becomes accustomed to dishonesty and irresponsibility. If
the young generation of a nation like that situation, you can imagine how bleak the future of the nation.
c) The danger of corruption to politics.
Political power achieved by corruption will produce government and community leaders who are
not legitimate in the public eye. If this is the case, the people will not trust the government and the
government, so they will not obey and submit to their authority.
d) Economy
Corruption damages the economic development of a nation. If an economic project is carried out laden
with elements of corruption (bribery for graduation of the project, nepotism in appointing project
implementers, manipulating it in implementation and other forms of corruption in the project), then the
expected economic growth of the project will not be achieved.
e) Bureaucracy
Corruption also results in inefficient bureaucracy and increased administrative costs in bureaucracy.
If bureaucracy has been contained by corruption in various forms, then the basic principles of rational,
efficient and qualified bureaucracy will never be implemented. The quality of service must be very bad
and disappointing the public. Only people who have it will get good service because they are able to
bribe. This situation can lead to widespread social unrest, social inequality and subsequently possibly
social outrage which led to the fall of bureaucrats.

2.4 Corruption Eradication Efforts

The New Order
Legal Basis: Law 3 of 1971
Corruption in the new order begins with the control of the army over strategic businesses.
Reformation
Legal Basis: Law 31 of 1999, Law 20 of 2001
Corruption eradication in Indonesia is currently carried out by several institutions:
a. Tastipikor Team (Corruption Crime)
b. Corruption Eradication Commission
c. Police
d. attorney
e. BPKP
f. Non-government organizations: Mass media Mass organizations (eg ICW).